Francesca Carnevali
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199257393
- eISBN:
- 9780191603846
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199257396.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
This book focuses on the relationship between banks and small firms in a comparative historical perspective. By comparing the rise of small firms in France, Germany, and Italy and their decline ...
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This book focuses on the relationship between banks and small firms in a comparative historical perspective. By comparing the rise of small firms in France, Germany, and Italy and their decline Britain, this book analyses how the structure of the countries’ banking systems has affected the growth of small firms. This analysis is placed in the historical context of the political economy of these four countries to show how banking and industrial structures developed over the century as a consequence of the state’s need to mediate between different social and economic groups. This approach shows why British banking became so concentrated and the negative impact this had on the supply of finance to small firms. The experiences of France, Germany, and Italy show alternative structures and policy responses towards small firms.Less
This book focuses on the relationship between banks and small firms in a comparative historical perspective. By comparing the rise of small firms in France, Germany, and Italy and their decline Britain, this book analyses how the structure of the countries’ banking systems has affected the growth of small firms. This analysis is placed in the historical context of the political economy of these four countries to show how banking and industrial structures developed over the century as a consequence of the state’s need to mediate between different social and economic groups. This approach shows why British banking became so concentrated and the negative impact this had on the supply of finance to small firms. The experiences of France, Germany, and Italy show alternative structures and policy responses towards small firms.
Gary Herrigel
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199557738
- eISBN:
- 9780191720871
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199557738.003.0006
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Political Economy
This chapter outlines the globalization of disintegrated production. It discusses the relationship between contemporary global disintegrated trends and earlier discussions of disintegration that came ...
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This chapter outlines the globalization of disintegrated production. It discusses the relationship between contemporary global disintegrated trends and earlier discussions of disintegration that came out of literatures on industrial districts and the Japanese system of production. Elements of both are contained within current practices. A second section discusses the locational dynamics within supply chains dominated by multinational corporations. A final section looks at small and medium sized firm efforts to globalize within contemporary transnational supply chains and examines a range of public policy efforts to support sme globalizationLess
This chapter outlines the globalization of disintegrated production. It discusses the relationship between contemporary global disintegrated trends and earlier discussions of disintegration that came out of literatures on industrial districts and the Japanese system of production. Elements of both are contained within current practices. A second section discusses the locational dynamics within supply chains dominated by multinational corporations. A final section looks at small and medium sized firm efforts to globalize within contemporary transnational supply chains and examines a range of public policy efforts to support sme globalization
Chrisanthi Avgerou
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199263424
- eISBN:
- 9780191714252
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199263424.003.0008
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies
This chapter examines a ten-year effort to reform the furniture manufacturing sector of Cyprus, according to the industrial model of flexible specialization. The reform initiative involved the ...
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This chapter examines a ten-year effort to reform the furniture manufacturing sector of Cyprus, according to the industrial model of flexible specialization. The reform initiative involved the setting up of information services and the development of information systems to strengthen the management of the furniture manufacturing SMEs and their consortia. However, little innovation took place and the whole reform experiment was abandoned in the mid-1990s. The analysis of the case examines how the theory of flexible specialization considered information systems innovation as a prerequisite of good management. It is argued that management and formal information processing and communication were alien and threatening to the owners of the small production firms, whose life values and entrepreneurial competencies could not be stretched to enable the promotion of export-oriented business.Less
This chapter examines a ten-year effort to reform the furniture manufacturing sector of Cyprus, according to the industrial model of flexible specialization. The reform initiative involved the setting up of information services and the development of information systems to strengthen the management of the furniture manufacturing SMEs and their consortia. However, little innovation took place and the whole reform experiment was abandoned in the mid-1990s. The analysis of the case examines how the theory of flexible specialization considered information systems innovation as a prerequisite of good management. It is argued that management and formal information processing and communication were alien and threatening to the owners of the small production firms, whose life values and entrepreneurial competencies could not be stretched to enable the promotion of export-oriented business.
Colin Crouch, Patrick Le Galès, Carlo Trigilia, and Helmut Voelzkow (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199259403
- eISBN:
- 9780191603020
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199259402.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
This book features case studies on national patterns of local production systems, focusing on small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in France, Germany, Italy, and the UK. It is divided into ...
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This book features case studies on national patterns of local production systems, focusing on small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in France, Germany, Italy, and the UK. It is divided into three parts. Part I analyses the two cases that dominated the initial, 1980s industrial district literature: Emilia-Romagna and Baden Wurttemberg; and the machinery industry. Part II focuses on pre-crisis, large-firm, Fordist specialization. Part III presents examples of new industries where SME clusters are important: the biopharmaceutical industries around Oxford, the media sector in Cologne, information technology in Pisa, and computer technologies in Grenoble.Less
This book features case studies on national patterns of local production systems, focusing on small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in France, Germany, Italy, and the UK. It is divided into three parts. Part I analyses the two cases that dominated the initial, 1980s industrial district literature: Emilia-Romagna and Baden Wurttemberg; and the machinery industry. Part II focuses on pre-crisis, large-firm, Fordist specialization. Part III presents examples of new industries where SME clusters are important: the biopharmaceutical industries around Oxford, the media sector in Cologne, information technology in Pisa, and computer technologies in Grenoble.
Colin Crouch and Helmut Voelzkow
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199259403
- eISBN:
- 9780191603020
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199259402.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
The main aim of this book is to determine the national patterns of local production systems, particularly those involving small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), in France, Germany, Italy, and ...
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The main aim of this book is to determine the national patterns of local production systems, particularly those involving small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), in France, Germany, Italy, and the UK. This chapter lays down the theoretical foundations for this volume then explains the methodologies used for the selection and analysis of case studies. An overview of the case studies is then presented.Less
The main aim of this book is to determine the national patterns of local production systems, particularly those involving small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), in France, Germany, Italy, and the UK. This chapter lays down the theoretical foundations for this volume then explains the methodologies used for the selection and analysis of case studies. An overview of the case studies is then presented.
Colin Crouch
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199259403
- eISBN:
- 9780191603020
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199259402.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
This chapter discusses the theoretical foundations for the four case studies presented in chapters three to six. It describes the rise and fall of the European machinery industry between the 1980s ...
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This chapter discusses the theoretical foundations for the four case studies presented in chapters three to six. It describes the rise and fall of the European machinery industry between the 1980s and 1990s, particularly in France, Germany, Italy, and the UK. It focuses on the emergence of clusters of small-and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) around industrial districts, and the benefits provided by local collective competition goods (LCCGs).Less
This chapter discusses the theoretical foundations for the four case studies presented in chapters three to six. It describes the rise and fall of the European machinery industry between the 1980s and 1990s, particularly in France, Germany, Italy, and the UK. It focuses on the emergence of clusters of small-and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) around industrial districts, and the benefits provided by local collective competition goods (LCCGs).
Patrick Le GalÈs and Nicolas> Gaubert
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199259403
- eISBN:
- 9780191603020
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199259402.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
This chapter examines the machine-tool industry in France. It analyses the governance of the industry, and emphasizes the interdependence between the sector, other industrial sectors, and the state, ...
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This chapter examines the machine-tool industry in France. It analyses the governance of the industry, and emphasizes the interdependence between the sector, other industrial sectors, and the state, which led to its collapse. Firms were reorganized following market-modes of regulation and using local collective competition goods (LCCGs) by machine tool firms from Japan, Italy, and Germany. The recovery of the industry shows the success of this strategy; the dependence on the success of leading French industries; the absence of clustering processes; and the attempt to develop the production of LCCGs organized by business leaders and public agencies.Less
This chapter examines the machine-tool industry in France. It analyses the governance of the industry, and emphasizes the interdependence between the sector, other industrial sectors, and the state, which led to its collapse. Firms were reorganized following market-modes of regulation and using local collective competition goods (LCCGs) by machine tool firms from Japan, Italy, and Germany. The recovery of the industry shows the success of this strategy; the dependence on the success of leading French industries; the absence of clustering processes; and the attempt to develop the production of LCCGs organized by business leaders and public agencies.
Colin Crouch
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199259403
- eISBN:
- 9780191603020
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199259402.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
This chapter synthesizes the results of the four case studies discussed in chapters three to six. Opposing policy trends in Italy, UK, France, and Germany were identified. The access to local ...
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This chapter synthesizes the results of the four case studies discussed in chapters three to six. Opposing policy trends in Italy, UK, France, and Germany were identified. The access to local collective competition goods (LCCGs) among machinery small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), technology transfer, marketing, and training and skills are analysed, and the increasing complexity of economic governance is discussed.Less
This chapter synthesizes the results of the four case studies discussed in chapters three to six. Opposing policy trends in Italy, UK, France, and Germany were identified. The access to local collective competition goods (LCCGs) among machinery small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), technology transfer, marketing, and training and skills are analysed, and the increasing complexity of economic governance is discussed.
Patrick Le Galès
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199259403
- eISBN:
- 9780191603020
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199259402.003.0013
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
This chapter synthesizes the results of the four case studies discussed in chapters nine to twelve. The changing modes of governance in steel cities, and provision of local collective competition ...
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This chapter synthesizes the results of the four case studies discussed in chapters nine to twelve. The changing modes of governance in steel cities, and provision of local collective competition goods are discussed. It is shown that the restructuring of former steel cities requires heavy public policies and investments; partnerships between the public and private sectors; and the use of concepts, rhetorics, and strategies associated with networked small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), governance, and local clusters.Less
This chapter synthesizes the results of the four case studies discussed in chapters nine to twelve. The changing modes of governance in steel cities, and provision of local collective competition goods are discussed. It is shown that the restructuring of former steel cities requires heavy public policies and investments; partnerships between the public and private sectors; and the use of concepts, rhetorics, and strategies associated with networked small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), governance, and local clusters.
Aniello Valeria
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199259403
- eISBN:
- 9780191603020
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199259402.003.0018
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
This chapter examines the high-tech industry in Grenoble. The Grenoble case confirms the heterogeneity of governance models. Both local and global actors participate in the production of a simple, ...
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This chapter examines the high-tech industry in Grenoble. The Grenoble case confirms the heterogeneity of governance models. Both local and global actors participate in the production of a simple, collective good, indicating diverse adjustment mechanisms. However, the situation of governance and collective competition goods in the sector has several weak points that undermine its future and create grounds for deterioration, such as the large-scale dependence on public funding.Less
This chapter examines the high-tech industry in Grenoble. The Grenoble case confirms the heterogeneity of governance models. Both local and global actors participate in the production of a simple, collective good, indicating diverse adjustment mechanisms. However, the situation of governance and collective competition goods in the sector has several weak points that undermine its future and create grounds for deterioration, such as the large-scale dependence on public funding.
Patrick Le Galés and Carlo Trigilia
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199259403
- eISBN:
- 9780191603020
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199259402.003.0020
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
This chapter synthesizes the findings of the case studies in this volume. These include the convergence of old local productive systems and weak national models towards models of networked firms, new ...
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This chapter synthesizes the findings of the case studies in this volume. These include the convergence of old local productive systems and weak national models towards models of networked firms, new high-tech activities, and the rise of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) despite new governance patterns in steel cities. Governance modes, local collective competition goods production, and policy implications are discussed.Less
This chapter synthesizes the findings of the case studies in this volume. These include the convergence of old local productive systems and weak national models towards models of networked firms, new high-tech activities, and the rise of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) despite new governance patterns in steel cities. Governance modes, local collective competition goods production, and policy implications are discussed.
David Bailey, Helena Lenihan, and Ajit Singh
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199698561
- eISBN:
- 9780191738142
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199698561.003.0014
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The chapter examines possibilities for industrial policy in African countries through the lens of lessons that can be learned from the industrial policy approaches pursued in Ireland as well as in ...
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The chapter examines possibilities for industrial policy in African countries through the lens of lessons that can be learned from the industrial policy approaches pursued in Ireland as well as in East Asia. As latecomers to industrialization, the small African economies are well positioned to undertake such an exercise, we suggest. This chapter provides some novel insights by providing a comparison between Ireland and the small African economies. To our knowledge such a comparison offers a unique contribution. Cognizant of the fact that a “one size fits all” approach to industrial policy is not appropriate in the African context, we argue in favor of the adoption of a more “holistic” approach to industrial policy in these economies. Such an approach we argue should focus simultaneously on demand and supply factors of industrial development, and on microeconomic as well as macroeconomic factors.Less
The chapter examines possibilities for industrial policy in African countries through the lens of lessons that can be learned from the industrial policy approaches pursued in Ireland as well as in East Asia. As latecomers to industrialization, the small African economies are well positioned to undertake such an exercise, we suggest. This chapter provides some novel insights by providing a comparison between Ireland and the small African economies. To our knowledge such a comparison offers a unique contribution. Cognizant of the fact that a “one size fits all” approach to industrial policy is not appropriate in the African context, we argue in favor of the adoption of a more “holistic” approach to industrial policy in these economies. Such an approach we argue should focus simultaneously on demand and supply factors of industrial development, and on microeconomic as well as macroeconomic factors.
Alan M. Rugman and Joseph R. D’cruz
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199258185
- eISBN:
- 9780191698521
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199258185.003.0009
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Strategy, International Business
In this section, the chemicals industry of Canada is described, with emphasis on its two sub-categories: multinational corporations (MNEs) and small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Each type ...
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In this section, the chemicals industry of Canada is described, with emphasis on its two sub-categories: multinational corporations (MNEs) and small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Each type encounters difficulties in entering the international sector of chemicals and in dealing with the challenges accompanying such involvement. These changes and adjustment processes will be facilitated by the employment of effective strategies caused by sound network ties that are distinct with each type. On the one hand, leaders of MNEs have to seek selling propositions compatible with their global consumers’ preferences and necessities. On the other hand, leaders of SMEs should maintain strong bond with significant leading MNE flagships in order to cope with increasing global economy requirements, competition, and challenges.Less
In this section, the chemicals industry of Canada is described, with emphasis on its two sub-categories: multinational corporations (MNEs) and small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Each type encounters difficulties in entering the international sector of chemicals and in dealing with the challenges accompanying such involvement. These changes and adjustment processes will be facilitated by the employment of effective strategies caused by sound network ties that are distinct with each type. On the one hand, leaders of MNEs have to seek selling propositions compatible with their global consumers’ preferences and necessities. On the other hand, leaders of SMEs should maintain strong bond with significant leading MNE flagships in order to cope with increasing global economy requirements, competition, and challenges.
D. Hugh Whittaker
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198288152
- eISBN:
- 9780191684579
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198288152.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter deals with strategic alliances among Japanese small and medium enterprises (SMEs). SMEs in manufacturing, defined as firms having less than 300 employees and capitalized at less than ...
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This chapter deals with strategic alliances among Japanese small and medium enterprises (SMEs). SMEs in manufacturing, defined as firms having less than 300 employees and capitalized at less than ¥100m, constituted more than 99% of establishments in 1986 and the proportion of employees was about three-quarters. There are many SMEs in the Japanese economy. These firms also face numerous challenges, ranging from human resources and financing to management, marketing, and succession. This chapter describes ‘networking’ or strategic alliances among progressive SMEs to meet those challenges collectively, especially in an advanced hightech area, Ota Ward in Tokyo. The chapter depicts a mixed picture: such alliances meet the needs of SMEs in certain ways, but do not solve their problems entirely. On the whole, giant and large firms still exert strong influences on SMEs.Less
This chapter deals with strategic alliances among Japanese small and medium enterprises (SMEs). SMEs in manufacturing, defined as firms having less than 300 employees and capitalized at less than ¥100m, constituted more than 99% of establishments in 1986 and the proportion of employees was about three-quarters. There are many SMEs in the Japanese economy. These firms also face numerous challenges, ranging from human resources and financing to management, marketing, and succession. This chapter describes ‘networking’ or strategic alliances among progressive SMEs to meet those challenges collectively, especially in an advanced hightech area, Ota Ward in Tokyo. The chapter depicts a mixed picture: such alliances meet the needs of SMEs in certain ways, but do not solve their problems entirely. On the whole, giant and large firms still exert strong influences on SMEs.
Antonio Tencati
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199592173
- eISBN:
- 9780191729058
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199592173.003.0008
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Corporate Governance and Accountability
This chapter examines ethical issues in global supply chains in relation to how social responsibility expectations are being transferred from one actor to another along a ‘reverse’ supply chain. ...
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This chapter examines ethical issues in global supply chains in relation to how social responsibility expectations are being transferred from one actor to another along a ‘reverse’ supply chain. Supply chain processes are examined from the perspective of buyer firms imposing CSR expectations, as well as from the supplier firms responding to CSR business practice expectations. A process is described whereby, through several codes of conduct and international standards, CSR business practice expectations are entering the boundaries of developing country supplier firms, which paradoxically can act as technical barriers to trade for smaller firms. The chapter goes on to provide some examples of ‘values‐driven enterprises’ such as Coop Italia, illycaffè, and the Slow Food Movement, which demonstrate more ethical and collaborative forms of governance towards their supplier firms.Less
This chapter examines ethical issues in global supply chains in relation to how social responsibility expectations are being transferred from one actor to another along a ‘reverse’ supply chain. Supply chain processes are examined from the perspective of buyer firms imposing CSR expectations, as well as from the supplier firms responding to CSR business practice expectations. A process is described whereby, through several codes of conduct and international standards, CSR business practice expectations are entering the boundaries of developing country supplier firms, which paradoxically can act as technical barriers to trade for smaller firms. The chapter goes on to provide some examples of ‘values‐driven enterprises’ such as Coop Italia, illycaffè, and the Slow Food Movement, which demonstrate more ethical and collaborative forms of governance towards their supplier firms.
Anders Nilsson, Mats Westerberg, and Einar Häckner
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199639724
- eISBN:
- 9780191738661
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199639724.003.0014
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies
This chapter examines strategic managerial work in SMEs using a theoretical framework based on structuration and entrepreneurship theory. Three managerial episodes illustrate how CEOs deal with ...
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This chapter examines strategic managerial work in SMEs using a theoretical framework based on structuration and entrepreneurship theory. Three managerial episodes illustrate how CEOs deal with strategic situations in SMEs. Several propositions about strategic managerial work in SMEs, which is multifaceted and complex, are offered. Such work is a social practice that is ingrained with symbolism, emotions, and power. The propositions of this study are that the level of strategic intensity is an influential contingency factor that affects the balance of those aspects of the practice, and that strategic intensity depends on whether strategic managerial work relies more on already established structures or on managers’ original actions. The conclusion is that structuration provides a promising framework for understanding the subtle complexities of strategic managerial work in SMEs.Less
This chapter examines strategic managerial work in SMEs using a theoretical framework based on structuration and entrepreneurship theory. Three managerial episodes illustrate how CEOs deal with strategic situations in SMEs. Several propositions about strategic managerial work in SMEs, which is multifaceted and complex, are offered. Such work is a social practice that is ingrained with symbolism, emotions, and power. The propositions of this study are that the level of strategic intensity is an influential contingency factor that affects the balance of those aspects of the practice, and that strategic intensity depends on whether strategic managerial work relies more on already established structures or on managers’ original actions. The conclusion is that structuration provides a promising framework for understanding the subtle complexities of strategic managerial work in SMEs.
Robert M. Townsend
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199533237
- eISBN:
- 9780191594892
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199533237.003.0008
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia, Development, Growth, and Environmental
If markets and institutions were perfect and there were no policy distortions, then certain benchmark standards would be implied. Relative to these benchmarks, there are many anomalies in the Thai ...
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If markets and institutions were perfect and there were no policy distortions, then certain benchmark standards would be implied. Relative to these benchmarks, there are many anomalies in the Thai economy, even for those using formal credit and savings instruments, unlike the dual sector models. Initial wealth facilitates entry into business and investment for those in business. Many households and businesses appear to be constrained in occupation choice. Estimated rates of return are high for constrained, low-wealth households and low for unconstrained, high-wealth households. Poor households and small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are particularly vulnerable in consumption and investment to variation in income and cash flow. Some villages and family-related industrial groups offer protection from risk. Some apparently insurable shocks, such as movement in international rubber prices, are not covered for a large segment of the population.Less
If markets and institutions were perfect and there were no policy distortions, then certain benchmark standards would be implied. Relative to these benchmarks, there are many anomalies in the Thai economy, even for those using formal credit and savings instruments, unlike the dual sector models. Initial wealth facilitates entry into business and investment for those in business. Many households and businesses appear to be constrained in occupation choice. Estimated rates of return are high for constrained, low-wealth households and low for unconstrained, high-wealth households. Poor households and small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are particularly vulnerable in consumption and investment to variation in income and cash flow. Some villages and family-related industrial groups offer protection from risk. Some apparently insurable shocks, such as movement in international rubber prices, are not covered for a large segment of the population.
JOSEPH A. McCAHERY and ERIK P. M. VERMEULEN
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199264353
- eISBN:
- 9780191718496
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199264353.003.0007
- Subject:
- Law, Comparative Law, Company and Commercial Law
This chapter considers the possibility of making available new business forms in the EU based on the limited liability company (LLC), which could lead to an increase in the number of start-up firms ...
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This chapter considers the possibility of making available new business forms in the EU based on the limited liability company (LLC), which could lead to an increase in the number of start-up firms as well as satisfying the contracting needs of a range of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It examines theoretical arguments about the importance of new organizational forms, inspired by the LLC, for entrepreneurs and SMEs. It shows how the development of an innovative business form such as the LLC can be expected to strengthen the company law regime of the state choosing to create the statutory innovation, thereby potentially inducing rival member states to supply similar sets of rules.Less
This chapter considers the possibility of making available new business forms in the EU based on the limited liability company (LLC), which could lead to an increase in the number of start-up firms as well as satisfying the contracting needs of a range of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It examines theoretical arguments about the importance of new organizational forms, inspired by the LLC, for entrepreneurs and SMEs. It shows how the development of an innovative business form such as the LLC can be expected to strengthen the company law regime of the state choosing to create the statutory innovation, thereby potentially inducing rival member states to supply similar sets of rules.
Elif Bascavusoglu-Moreau
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199596515
- eISBN:
- 9780191729133
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199596515.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter focuses on the national system of innovation (NIS) as an important determinant of innovative performance of small and medium-sized enterprises in Turkey using data from a large-scale ...
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This chapter focuses on the national system of innovation (NIS) as an important determinant of innovative performance of small and medium-sized enterprises in Turkey using data from a large-scale survey held amongst 50,000 Turkish SMEs in 2005. The chapter finds very low levels of innovative activities amongst Turkish small firms. The chapter argues that that the size of the shadow economy in Turkey is one of the obstacles to innovativeness as it limits firms' access to capital markets and traps potentially innovative entrepreneurs in low-productivity sectors. Furthermore the Turkish NIS is weak at fostering the innovative performance of SMEs. There is little stimulus to innovation coming from being located in industrial estates, and there is a lack of cooperation and linkages between different actors in the NIS. The elements of the innovation system are in place, but they do not interact sufficiently. The chapter reflects on policy implications to deal with these systemic weaknesses.Less
This chapter focuses on the national system of innovation (NIS) as an important determinant of innovative performance of small and medium-sized enterprises in Turkey using data from a large-scale survey held amongst 50,000 Turkish SMEs in 2005. The chapter finds very low levels of innovative activities amongst Turkish small firms. The chapter argues that that the size of the shadow economy in Turkey is one of the obstacles to innovativeness as it limits firms' access to capital markets and traps potentially innovative entrepreneurs in low-productivity sectors. Furthermore the Turkish NIS is weak at fostering the innovative performance of SMEs. There is little stimulus to innovation coming from being located in industrial estates, and there is a lack of cooperation and linkages between different actors in the NIS. The elements of the innovation system are in place, but they do not interact sufficiently. The chapter reflects on policy implications to deal with these systemic weaknesses.
Virginie Pérotin
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780719099595
- eISBN:
- 9781526120731
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719099595.003.0014
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History
In the economic literature, worker co-operatives are viewed as small, specialised and undercapitalised organisations that only thrive in unusual conditions and could not possibly constitute a serious ...
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In the economic literature, worker co-operatives are viewed as small, specialised and undercapitalised organisations that only thrive in unusual conditions and could not possibly constitute a serious alternative to conventional firms. This chapter challenges this conventional wisdom, drawing on a range of international economic studies comparing worker co-operatives and conventional firms. The evidence reviewed suggests that worker co-operatives match ‘mainstream’ firms for durability, and can be found in most industrial sectors. The chapter rejects the notion that worker co-operatives are systemically undercapitalised, and asserts that many are more productive than their mainstream equivalents, largely because of their capacity to motivate workers through their control of the enterprise. It suggests that worker co-operation is a viable alternative to private ownership for small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), and that in some regions of Italy and Spain, the model is integrated into the economic mainstream.Less
In the economic literature, worker co-operatives are viewed as small, specialised and undercapitalised organisations that only thrive in unusual conditions and could not possibly constitute a serious alternative to conventional firms. This chapter challenges this conventional wisdom, drawing on a range of international economic studies comparing worker co-operatives and conventional firms. The evidence reviewed suggests that worker co-operatives match ‘mainstream’ firms for durability, and can be found in most industrial sectors. The chapter rejects the notion that worker co-operatives are systemically undercapitalised, and asserts that many are more productive than their mainstream equivalents, largely because of their capacity to motivate workers through their control of the enterprise. It suggests that worker co-operation is a viable alternative to private ownership for small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), and that in some regions of Italy and Spain, the model is integrated into the economic mainstream.
