James Mayall
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199267217
- eISBN:
- 9780191601118
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199267219.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
After the end of the Cold War, many in the West viewed Africa as a testing ground for the solidarist argument that sovereignty was no longer an absolute principle and that the international community ...
More
After the end of the Cold War, many in the West viewed Africa as a testing ground for the solidarist argument that sovereignty was no longer an absolute principle and that the international community could intervene to protect individual from human rights violations. This argument seems particularly challenging in the African context, given the continental leadership’s historic commitment to territorial integrity and non-intervention. However, as the author shows, African leaders from 1945 to 1990 were largely upholding the pluralist international norms of the time. In other words, the case for humanitarian intervention – and the problems posed by the practice – are not region-specific. The early 1990s, during which the United Nations intervened in Somalia, seemed to confirm the solidarist position. However, the failure to intervene in Rwanda in 1994, and the more recent experience of interventions in Sierra Leone, present a more mixed picture. Humanitarian intervention remains a controversial practice because of its coercive means, and its tendency to attribute blame or responsibility in what are often very complex civil conflicts.Less
After the end of the Cold War, many in the West viewed Africa as a testing ground for the solidarist argument that sovereignty was no longer an absolute principle and that the international community could intervene to protect individual from human rights violations. This argument seems particularly challenging in the African context, given the continental leadership’s historic commitment to territorial integrity and non-intervention. However, as the author shows, African leaders from 1945 to 1990 were largely upholding the pluralist international norms of the time. In other words, the case for humanitarian intervention – and the problems posed by the practice – are not region-specific. The early 1990s, during which the United Nations intervened in Somalia, seemed to confirm the solidarist position. However, the failure to intervene in Rwanda in 1994, and the more recent experience of interventions in Sierra Leone, present a more mixed picture. Humanitarian intervention remains a controversial practice because of its coercive means, and its tendency to attribute blame or responsibility in what are often very complex civil conflicts.
Diana Jeater
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203797
- eISBN:
- 9780191675980
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203797.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This book studies African marriage relationships in Southern Rhodesia during the early 20th century. It is a cogently argued history of sexuality and gender relations in colonial Africa. This book's ...
More
This book studies African marriage relationships in Southern Rhodesia during the early 20th century. It is a cogently argued history of sexuality and gender relations in colonial Africa. This book's analysis pays careful attention to methodological questions and fruitfully combines historical and anthropological approaches. This book examines the marriage relationship and the regulation of sexuality in terms of both the political and the production systems, and offers insights into the nature of gender relationships before and during the colonial period. The book analyses colonial ideology, its contradictions and its effects on the people of Southern Rhodesia, and explores the interactions between black and white, male and female.Less
This book studies African marriage relationships in Southern Rhodesia during the early 20th century. It is a cogently argued history of sexuality and gender relations in colonial Africa. This book's analysis pays careful attention to methodological questions and fruitfully combines historical and anthropological approaches. This book examines the marriage relationship and the regulation of sexuality in terms of both the political and the production systems, and offers insights into the nature of gender relationships before and during the colonial period. The book analyses colonial ideology, its contradictions and its effects on the people of Southern Rhodesia, and explores the interactions between black and white, male and female.
Isaac M. T. Mwase
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195177282
- eISBN:
- 9780199835812
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195177282.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This chapter recounts the development of a Baptist community in Zimbabwe, founded by Southern Baptist missionaries from the United States. Missionaries built religious institutions to support ...
More
This chapter recounts the development of a Baptist community in Zimbabwe, founded by Southern Baptist missionaries from the United States. Missionaries built religious institutions to support extensive denominational work: a theological seminary, a hospital, a media center, bookstores, and schools. Following Zimbabwe’s formation out of formerly white-ruled southern Rhodesia, the Southern Baptists began to hand over the work to local leaders and began to reduce subsidies for the mission-founded institutions. Most have declined or disbanded, but Zimbabwean Baptists have struggled to sustain theological education. Debates ensued over the meaning of partnership and the problem of dependency, and a significant tension has grown in the cross-cultural relationship between the Zimbabwean and the Southern Baptist churches.Less
This chapter recounts the development of a Baptist community in Zimbabwe, founded by Southern Baptist missionaries from the United States. Missionaries built religious institutions to support extensive denominational work: a theological seminary, a hospital, a media center, bookstores, and schools. Following Zimbabwe’s formation out of formerly white-ruled southern Rhodesia, the Southern Baptists began to hand over the work to local leaders and began to reduce subsidies for the mission-founded institutions. Most have declined or disbanded, but Zimbabwean Baptists have struggled to sustain theological education. Debates ensued over the meaning of partnership and the problem of dependency, and a significant tension has grown in the cross-cultural relationship between the Zimbabwean and the Southern Baptist churches.
Marjory Harper and Stephen Constantine
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199250936
- eISBN:
- 9780191594847
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199250936.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
That few UK migrants settled in tropical Africa cannot be explained only in terms of climate. Plentiful local labour in places like Nigeria allowed a European elite to operate as managers and ...
More
That few UK migrants settled in tropical Africa cannot be explained only in terms of climate. Plentiful local labour in places like Nigeria allowed a European elite to operate as managers and officials in a dual labour economy. For similar reasons, white settlers remained few in temperate regions like Kenya and Rhodesia, despite government schemes to boost their numbers, and likewise in southern Africa, where the long distance migration of black labour to work under white management in the diamond and gold mines was particularly prevalent. However, British–Boer rivalry in southern Africa generated official British recruitment programmes, designed to stamp a British identity on South Africa. These efforts were of more limited scope and effectiveness than in the other dominions and were eventually overtaken, as elsewhere, by black majority rule, leaving those of UK origin who ‘stayed on’ a minority in multicultural societies.Less
That few UK migrants settled in tropical Africa cannot be explained only in terms of climate. Plentiful local labour in places like Nigeria allowed a European elite to operate as managers and officials in a dual labour economy. For similar reasons, white settlers remained few in temperate regions like Kenya and Rhodesia, despite government schemes to boost their numbers, and likewise in southern Africa, where the long distance migration of black labour to work under white management in the diamond and gold mines was particularly prevalent. However, British–Boer rivalry in southern Africa generated official British recruitment programmes, designed to stamp a British identity on South Africa. These efforts were of more limited scope and effectiveness than in the other dominions and were eventually overtaken, as elsewhere, by black majority rule, leaving those of UK origin who ‘stayed on’ a minority in multicultural societies.
Adam Ewing
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691157795
- eISBN:
- 9781400852444
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691157795.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter examines the efforts of a cadre of clerks, ministers, traders, and workers in the central African colonies of Nyasaland (Malawi) and Northern Rhodesia to nurture the Garveyite movement ...
More
This chapter examines the efforts of a cadre of clerks, ministers, traders, and workers in the central African colonies of Nyasaland (Malawi) and Northern Rhodesia to nurture the Garveyite movement behind a guise of cautious reformism and under the watchful eyes of the state. This group founded “Native Welfare Associations” and independent churches, ostensibly apolitical vessels through which to assist the colonial governments in their project of African “civilization” and “uplift.” Behind this mask of patriotic accommodationism they communicated with the UNIA and the Industrial and Commercial Workers' Union (ICU), distributed their literature, and filtered news of anticolonial politics throughout the region. By participating in the silent work of organization, they joined Garveyites across the continent in exploring the limits of—and opportunities for—African political expression during the dark years of the interwar period.Less
This chapter examines the efforts of a cadre of clerks, ministers, traders, and workers in the central African colonies of Nyasaland (Malawi) and Northern Rhodesia to nurture the Garveyite movement behind a guise of cautious reformism and under the watchful eyes of the state. This group founded “Native Welfare Associations” and independent churches, ostensibly apolitical vessels through which to assist the colonial governments in their project of African “civilization” and “uplift.” Behind this mask of patriotic accommodationism they communicated with the UNIA and the Industrial and Commercial Workers' Union (ICU), distributed their literature, and filtered news of anticolonial politics throughout the region. By participating in the silent work of organization, they joined Garveyites across the continent in exploring the limits of—and opportunities for—African political expression during the dark years of the interwar period.
Ryan M. Irwin
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199855612
- eISBN:
- 9780199979882
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199855612.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Political History, World Modern History
This chapter explores Washington’s response to the apartheid debate. It explains U.S. policy through the eyes of Mennen Williams, who served as an Assistant Secretary of State during the Kennedy and ...
More
This chapter explores Washington’s response to the apartheid debate. It explains U.S. policy through the eyes of Mennen Williams, who served as an Assistant Secretary of State during the Kennedy and Johnson administrations. The first part of the section explains Williams’s worldview and explicates his policymaking difficulties in the early 1960s. The second part of the chapter looks at the nature of Williams’s influence during the Johnson years. Although Williams never shaped U.S. policy toward hotspots like the Congo, he exerted important influence over the apartheid question. His arguments about racial justice and liberal internationalism gained traction in 1965–66, and by the time he left Washington in 1966 to pursue the Michigan senate seat, many of his colleagues supported the idea that the United States would have to confront South Africa over apartheid.Less
This chapter explores Washington’s response to the apartheid debate. It explains U.S. policy through the eyes of Mennen Williams, who served as an Assistant Secretary of State during the Kennedy and Johnson administrations. The first part of the section explains Williams’s worldview and explicates his policymaking difficulties in the early 1960s. The second part of the chapter looks at the nature of Williams’s influence during the Johnson years. Although Williams never shaped U.S. policy toward hotspots like the Congo, he exerted important influence over the apartheid question. His arguments about racial justice and liberal internationalism gained traction in 1965–66, and by the time he left Washington in 1966 to pursue the Michigan senate seat, many of his colleagues supported the idea that the United States would have to confront South Africa over apartheid.
John Lambert
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199297672
- eISBN:
- 9780191594335
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199297672.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter examines the largest and last of Britain's colonies of settlement, highlighting its advanced degree of responsible government, making it almost a dominion, which caused Britain its ...
More
This chapter examines the largest and last of Britain's colonies of settlement, highlighting its advanced degree of responsible government, making it almost a dominion, which caused Britain its greatest crisis of decolonization. Despite its unusually high rate of population turnover, great efforts were made to foster a local sense of identity which was linked to a wider loyalty to the British empire/Commonwealth and a sense of kinship with the white dominions in particular. The chapter analyses the white Rhodesians' egalitarian self‐image, as well as the complexities of their attitudes to the metropole, to Afrikaners and to Africans who constituted the great majority of the population. It also examines the settlers' ambition to become a permanent autonomous community against increasing odds, as well as their attempts to come to terms with the failure of this project.Less
This chapter examines the largest and last of Britain's colonies of settlement, highlighting its advanced degree of responsible government, making it almost a dominion, which caused Britain its greatest crisis of decolonization. Despite its unusually high rate of population turnover, great efforts were made to foster a local sense of identity which was linked to a wider loyalty to the British empire/Commonwealth and a sense of kinship with the white dominions in particular. The chapter analyses the white Rhodesians' egalitarian self‐image, as well as the complexities of their attitudes to the metropole, to Afrikaners and to Africans who constituted the great majority of the population. It also examines the settlers' ambition to become a permanent autonomous community against increasing odds, as well as their attempts to come to terms with the failure of this project.
Laura Chrisman
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198122999
- eISBN:
- 9780191671593
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198122999.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, World Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
Henry Rider Haggard's legitimation of mineral wealth acquisition relies on the ‘bread/gold’ opposition which he appropriates from Olive Schreiner's Story of an African Farm. Schreiner's 1897 novella ...
More
Henry Rider Haggard's legitimation of mineral wealth acquisition relies on the ‘bread/gold’ opposition which he appropriates from Olive Schreiner's Story of an African Farm. Schreiner's 1897 novella Trooper Peter Halket of Mashonaland in turn engages with the mystique of colonial capitalism effected by Haggard's earlier romance. The impetus for King Solomon's Mines came not only from South Africa's mining developments but also the archaeological investigations of land further north: ‘Monomotapa’. These investigations and Haggard together helped perpetuate the fantasy of Great Zimbabwe as the setting for the biblical land of Ophir, ancient site of gold. Schreiner's Trooper Peter takes as its target the bloody culmination of this fantasy: the invention of Rhodesia by Cecil Rhodes and his British South African Company. The pursuit of very small gold mines fuelled a violent expropriation of Mashonaland and Matabeleland, which met with one of the largest African resistance movements.Less
Henry Rider Haggard's legitimation of mineral wealth acquisition relies on the ‘bread/gold’ opposition which he appropriates from Olive Schreiner's Story of an African Farm. Schreiner's 1897 novella Trooper Peter Halket of Mashonaland in turn engages with the mystique of colonial capitalism effected by Haggard's earlier romance. The impetus for King Solomon's Mines came not only from South Africa's mining developments but also the archaeological investigations of land further north: ‘Monomotapa’. These investigations and Haggard together helped perpetuate the fantasy of Great Zimbabwe as the setting for the biblical land of Ophir, ancient site of gold. Schreiner's Trooper Peter takes as its target the bloody culmination of this fantasy: the invention of Rhodesia by Cecil Rhodes and his British South African Company. The pursuit of very small gold mines fuelled a violent expropriation of Mashonaland and Matabeleland, which met with one of the largest African resistance movements.
Peter Godwin and Ian Hancock
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203650
- eISBN:
- 9780191675935
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203650.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This book tells the story of how White Rhodesians, three-quarters of whom were ill-prepared for revolutionary change, reacted to the ‘terrorist’ war and the onset of Black rule in the 1970s. It shows ...
More
This book tells the story of how White Rhodesians, three-quarters of whom were ill-prepared for revolutionary change, reacted to the ‘terrorist’ war and the onset of Black rule in the 1970s. It shows how internal divisions — both old and new — undermined the supposed unity of White Rhodesia, how most Rhodesians begrudgingly accepted the inevitability of Black majority rule without adjusting to its implications, and how the self-appointed defenders of Western civilization sometimes adopted uncivilized methods of protecting the ‘Rhodesian way of life’. This account is based on archival research and personal interviews. It sets out to tell the story from the inside and to incorporate the diverse dimensions of the Rhodesian experience. The book suggests that the Rhodesians were more differentiated than has often been assumed and that perhaps their greatest fault was a capacity for self-delusion.Less
This book tells the story of how White Rhodesians, three-quarters of whom were ill-prepared for revolutionary change, reacted to the ‘terrorist’ war and the onset of Black rule in the 1970s. It shows how internal divisions — both old and new — undermined the supposed unity of White Rhodesia, how most Rhodesians begrudgingly accepted the inevitability of Black majority rule without adjusting to its implications, and how the self-appointed defenders of Western civilization sometimes adopted uncivilized methods of protecting the ‘Rhodesian way of life’. This account is based on archival research and personal interviews. It sets out to tell the story from the inside and to incorporate the diverse dimensions of the Rhodesian experience. The book suggests that the Rhodesians were more differentiated than has often been assumed and that perhaps their greatest fault was a capacity for self-delusion.
Peter Godwin and Ian Hancock
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203650
- eISBN:
- 9780191675935
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203650.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
The war and the associated political change had an immense though varied impact on families and individuals. The effect on communities and institutions was mixed and wide ranging. There were obvious ...
More
The war and the associated political change had an immense though varied impact on families and individuals. The effect on communities and institutions was mixed and wide ranging. There were obvious and profound differences between the wartime experiences of rural and urban Rhodesia. Contacts between the two Rhodesias were certainly close. A number of rural districts were emptied by the war.Less
The war and the associated political change had an immense though varied impact on families and individuals. The effect on communities and institutions was mixed and wide ranging. There were obvious and profound differences between the wartime experiences of rural and urban Rhodesia. Contacts between the two Rhodesias were certainly close. A number of rural districts were emptied by the war.
Peter Godwin and Ian Hancock
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203650
- eISBN:
- 9780191675935
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203650.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter introduces the historical context of the impact of war and political change on White Rhodesia. It offers to discuss in the book the story of how Rhodesians, nearly all of them ...
More
This chapter introduces the historical context of the impact of war and political change on White Rhodesia. It offers to discuss in the book the story of how Rhodesians, nearly all of them ill-prepared for war and revolutionary change, reacted to the challenge to, and the eventual loss of, their domain. The story begins in 1970 when Rhodesia became a republic, and when the Rhodesians were confident, in control, and even complacent. This chapter explains various objectives of telling this story — one objective is to demonstrate and explain the emergence of sharp divisions within White Rhodesia.Less
This chapter introduces the historical context of the impact of war and political change on White Rhodesia. It offers to discuss in the book the story of how Rhodesians, nearly all of them ill-prepared for war and revolutionary change, reacted to the challenge to, and the eventual loss of, their domain. The story begins in 1970 when Rhodesia became a republic, and when the Rhodesians were confident, in control, and even complacent. This chapter explains various objectives of telling this story — one objective is to demonstrate and explain the emergence of sharp divisions within White Rhodesia.
Peter Godwin and Ian Hancock
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203650
- eISBN:
- 9780191675935
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203650.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
Two themes stand out in the domestic history of White Rhodesia between 1973 and 1975. First, the war and the events in southern Africa were already changing the political agenda and the Rhodesian way ...
More
Two themes stand out in the domestic history of White Rhodesia between 1973 and 1975. First, the war and the events in southern Africa were already changing the political agenda and the Rhodesian way of life. Secondly, most Rhodesians reacted to the new circumstances by affirming the dominant value of the past. Neither the world outside nor the threats from the inside figured prominently in the day-to-day outlook of communities whose version of reality had prepared them to enjoy the good and to absorb or deflect the unpleasant.Less
Two themes stand out in the domestic history of White Rhodesia between 1973 and 1975. First, the war and the events in southern Africa were already changing the political agenda and the Rhodesian way of life. Secondly, most Rhodesians reacted to the new circumstances by affirming the dominant value of the past. Neither the world outside nor the threats from the inside figured prominently in the day-to-day outlook of communities whose version of reality had prepared them to enjoy the good and to absorb or deflect the unpleasant.
DIANA JEATER
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203797
- eISBN:
- 9780191675980
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203797.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
Inspired by a wish to emancipate African women from lineage control, in order to further the Administration's proletarianization policy, the Native Marriages Ordinance of 1901 was built around the ...
More
Inspired by a wish to emancipate African women from lineage control, in order to further the Administration's proletarianization policy, the Native Marriages Ordinance of 1901 was built around the thought that African male sexuality was ‘perverse’ and should be subject to State monitoring. Although the material transformations brought about by white occupation and colonization were fundamental to the construction of moral discourse in Southern Rhodesia, they provided only the context, within which specific contestations took place. No dominant, single hegemonic moral discourse emerged in Southern Rhodesia; what did develop and take firm root was a concept of the ‘moral realm’ itself. Africans as well as whites began to conceptualize the issues of gender and sexuality in terms of individual acts — the acceptable and the ‘perverse’ — which were disassociated from the broader context of family membership.Less
Inspired by a wish to emancipate African women from lineage control, in order to further the Administration's proletarianization policy, the Native Marriages Ordinance of 1901 was built around the thought that African male sexuality was ‘perverse’ and should be subject to State monitoring. Although the material transformations brought about by white occupation and colonization were fundamental to the construction of moral discourse in Southern Rhodesia, they provided only the context, within which specific contestations took place. No dominant, single hegemonic moral discourse emerged in Southern Rhodesia; what did develop and take firm root was a concept of the ‘moral realm’ itself. Africans as well as whites began to conceptualize the issues of gender and sexuality in terms of individual acts — the acceptable and the ‘perverse’ — which were disassociated from the broader context of family membership.
Christopher Saunders and Iain R. Smith
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205654
- eISBN:
- 9780191676734
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205654.003.0026
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History, British and Irish Modern History
During the course of the nineteenth century, the growing British presence profoundly shaped South Africa. At the beginning of the century, there was no certainty that British rule would continue; by ...
More
During the course of the nineteenth century, the growing British presence profoundly shaped South Africa. At the beginning of the century, there was no certainty that British rule would continue; by 1900 all of modern South Africa had come under British rule, and British influence had spread far beyond the borders of what, in 1910, became the Union of South Africa. However, the extension of British power and influence in the region, although pervasive, was not straightforward. By the end of the nineteenth century, the Dutch-Afrikaner population in the Cape Colony still outnumbered the British by about three to two. A discussion on the expansion of European settlement, diamonds and the failed attempt at confederation, the Transvaal War (1880–81) and the German challenge, the impact of gold-mining, Rhodes, Rhodesia, the raid, the road to war, the South African War during 1899–1902, and reconstruction and unification is provided as well.Less
During the course of the nineteenth century, the growing British presence profoundly shaped South Africa. At the beginning of the century, there was no certainty that British rule would continue; by 1900 all of modern South Africa had come under British rule, and British influence had spread far beyond the borders of what, in 1910, became the Union of South Africa. However, the extension of British power and influence in the region, although pervasive, was not straightforward. By the end of the nineteenth century, the Dutch-Afrikaner population in the Cape Colony still outnumbered the British by about three to two. A discussion on the expansion of European settlement, diamonds and the failed attempt at confederation, the Transvaal War (1880–81) and the German challenge, the impact of gold-mining, Rhodes, Rhodesia, the raid, the road to war, the South African War during 1899–1902, and reconstruction and unification is provided as well.
DIANA JEATER
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203797
- eISBN:
- 9780191675980
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203797.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter attempts to find a starting-point from which to examine how men and women might experience urbanization in a new colonial context. It considers the relationships within and between two ...
More
This chapter attempts to find a starting-point from which to examine how men and women might experience urbanization in a new colonial context. It considers the relationships within and between two internally complex and divided groups, homogenized within colonial discourse into simple ‘European’ and ‘African’ communities. The Gwelo District provided the starting point in the study of African marriage relationships in Southern Rhodesia. This chapter also discusses accounts of pre-colonial polities that engaged with the question of female subordination, bridewealth relationships or exchange, ‘labour power’ analysis, and the conceptualization of marriage relationship in these communities.Less
This chapter attempts to find a starting-point from which to examine how men and women might experience urbanization in a new colonial context. It considers the relationships within and between two internally complex and divided groups, homogenized within colonial discourse into simple ‘European’ and ‘African’ communities. The Gwelo District provided the starting point in the study of African marriage relationships in Southern Rhodesia. This chapter also discusses accounts of pre-colonial polities that engaged with the question of female subordination, bridewealth relationships or exchange, ‘labour power’ analysis, and the conceptualization of marriage relationship in these communities.
DIANA JEATER
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203797
- eISBN:
- 9780191675980
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203797.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter discusses the issue and debate of adultery within the African communities. The victory of the African lobby campaign for the criminalization of adultery seemed to provide evidence of an ...
More
This chapter discusses the issue and debate of adultery within the African communities. The victory of the African lobby campaign for the criminalization of adultery seemed to provide evidence of an African voice exerting a degree of power in the colonial State. The sudden appearance of adultery in Southern Rhodesia raises questions of how far the colonized authorities could set the terms of political debate when discussing their own people. The African family heads wanted adultery legislation because they were faced with a threat to their power. The gap between the European and African conceptions of adultery would have to be bridged if legislation was to be meaningful to lobbyists and legislators alike. The issue which party was culpable in an adultery dispute was central to this.Less
This chapter discusses the issue and debate of adultery within the African communities. The victory of the African lobby campaign for the criminalization of adultery seemed to provide evidence of an African voice exerting a degree of power in the colonial State. The sudden appearance of adultery in Southern Rhodesia raises questions of how far the colonized authorities could set the terms of political debate when discussing their own people. The African family heads wanted adultery legislation because they were faced with a threat to their power. The gap between the European and African conceptions of adultery would have to be bridged if legislation was to be meaningful to lobbyists and legislators alike. The issue which party was culpable in an adultery dispute was central to this.
DIANA JEATER
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203797
- eISBN:
- 9780191675980
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203797.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter demonstrates construction of a moral discourse in Southern Rhodesia that was influenced by the concept of morality brought into the region by the white Occupation. The criminalization of ...
More
This chapter demonstrates construction of a moral discourse in Southern Rhodesia that was influenced by the concept of morality brought into the region by the white Occupation. The criminalization of female adultery crystallized the idea that sexual acts could be wrong in themselves, a concept stressed by missionary groups to enforce Christian concepts of correct male and female gender roles. Sexual immorality provided another set of rules with which to control the behaviour of insubordinate women. The 1920s was a decade in which African women continued to assert their independence. The ideology of inherent ‘immorality’ of African women rose to prominence. By 1936, the long-awaited pass system for women was instituted in the shape of the Natives Registration Act, which put a check on the influx of young women who evade parental control and enter into an immoral life.Less
This chapter demonstrates construction of a moral discourse in Southern Rhodesia that was influenced by the concept of morality brought into the region by the white Occupation. The criminalization of female adultery crystallized the idea that sexual acts could be wrong in themselves, a concept stressed by missionary groups to enforce Christian concepts of correct male and female gender roles. Sexual immorality provided another set of rules with which to control the behaviour of insubordinate women. The 1920s was a decade in which African women continued to assert their independence. The ideology of inherent ‘immorality’ of African women rose to prominence. By 1936, the long-awaited pass system for women was instituted in the shape of the Natives Registration Act, which put a check on the influx of young women who evade parental control and enter into an immoral life.
Richard Symonds
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203001
- eISBN:
- 9780191675645
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203001.003.0013
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter examines the careers of University of Oxford graduates who served the British Empire in the field of education. It explains that Oxford took a benevolent interest in the new colleges and ...
More
This chapter examines the careers of University of Oxford graduates who served the British Empire in the field of education. It explains that Oxford took a benevolent interest in the new colleges and universities of the Empire which were often headed by the university's alumni. Oxford was asked to take a leading in the founding of University Colleges in various overseas locations including Ceylon, East Africa, and Rhodesia, but the most enthusiastic attempt to found an Oxford college overseas was in Christchurch, New Zealand.Less
This chapter examines the careers of University of Oxford graduates who served the British Empire in the field of education. It explains that Oxford took a benevolent interest in the new colleges and universities of the Empire which were often headed by the university's alumni. Oxford was asked to take a leading in the founding of University Colleges in various overseas locations including Ceylon, East Africa, and Rhodesia, but the most enthusiastic attempt to found an Oxford college overseas was in Christchurch, New Zealand.
Richard Symonds
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203001
- eISBN:
- 9780191675645
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203001.003.0014
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter examines the British Empire Dominions' perception about the role of the University of Oxford. It analyses the impact of the university on the people of India, Australia, Canada, South ...
More
This chapter examines the British Empire Dominions' perception about the role of the University of Oxford. It analyses the impact of the university on the people of India, Australia, Canada, South Africa, and Rhodesia. It suggests that of the ‘kindred elect’, it was perhaps the Australians who made the most impact on Oxford and because those Australians who had brilliant Oxford academic careers tended to remain there.Less
This chapter examines the British Empire Dominions' perception about the role of the University of Oxford. It analyses the impact of the university on the people of India, Australia, Canada, South Africa, and Rhodesia. It suggests that of the ‘kindred elect’, it was perhaps the Australians who made the most impact on Oxford and because those Australians who had brilliant Oxford academic careers tended to remain there.
Ronald Hyam
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206262
- eISBN:
- 9780191677052
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206262.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Political History
How can one best approach the subject of Winston Churchill and the British Empire generally, and more specifically in the aftermath of the First World War during his period as Secretary of State for ...
More
How can one best approach the subject of Winston Churchill and the British Empire generally, and more specifically in the aftermath of the First World War during his period as Secretary of State for the Colonies, February 1921 to October 1922? Although the Middle East should be included, as a central part of Britain's ‘informal empire’, the Irish Treaty (to which Churchill contributed so much) must be ruled out, since Ireland was not really a colonial problem. The Imperial Conference of 1921 (which he masterminded) yields nothing distinctively Churchillian. Churchill never set foot again in India after leaving it in 1897, or in South Africa after 1900. Although he made many trips across the Atlantic and several to North Africa and the Middle East, he never visited Nigeria and the Gold Coast, let alone Australia and New Zealand or Malaya and Hong Kong. His last sight of a British African colony was in 1907–1908. During his time as Secretary of State, important decisions were taken for the future of Palestine and Iraq, Kenya, and Southern Rhodesia.Less
How can one best approach the subject of Winston Churchill and the British Empire generally, and more specifically in the aftermath of the First World War during his period as Secretary of State for the Colonies, February 1921 to October 1922? Although the Middle East should be included, as a central part of Britain's ‘informal empire’, the Irish Treaty (to which Churchill contributed so much) must be ruled out, since Ireland was not really a colonial problem. The Imperial Conference of 1921 (which he masterminded) yields nothing distinctively Churchillian. Churchill never set foot again in India after leaving it in 1897, or in South Africa after 1900. Although he made many trips across the Atlantic and several to North Africa and the Middle East, he never visited Nigeria and the Gold Coast, let alone Australia and New Zealand or Malaya and Hong Kong. His last sight of a British African colony was in 1907–1908. During his time as Secretary of State, important decisions were taken for the future of Palestine and Iraq, Kenya, and Southern Rhodesia.
