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Pierre de Reims OP

D.L. D’AVRAY

in Medieval Marriage Sermons: Mass Communication in a Culture without Print

This chapter analyses the sermon delivered by Pierre de Reims, prior of the Dominican house at Paris, Saint-Jacques, from 1227 to 1230. The main points of the sermon can be expressed schematically as ... More

This chapter analyses the sermon delivered by Pierre de Reims, prior of the Dominican house at Paris, Saint-Jacques, from 1227 to 1230. The main points of the sermon can be expressed schematically as follows: Christ ‘marries’ human nature; Christ ‘marries’ the soul through baptism, then through penance. The best way to begin to appreciate how this sermon would have come over to an audience is to paraphrase it with explanations in order to provide help with the ‘art of filling in the blanks’ in the way a 13th-century listener might have done. The themes of Incarnation, baptism, penance, and entry into the religious life are brought together through the image of marriage.Less

Consummation

D. L. d'Avray

in Medieval Marriage: Symbolism and Society

In the later Middle Ages there was a strange exception to the rule that marriages were indissoluble. A non-consummated marriage could be dissolved even if there were no question of impotence on ... More

In the later Middle Ages there was a strange exception to the rule that marriages were indissoluble. A non-consummated marriage could be dissolved even if there were no question of impotence on either side if the husband or wife chose to enter a religious order. From the 15th century on this developed into a papal power to dissolve unconsummated marriages for other reasons too. The intellectual origins of this development can be traced back to marriage symbolism: only a consummated marriage fully mirrors the passionate union of Christ and the Church, so that only a consummated marriage is fully indissoluble. The Carolingian marriage guru Hincmar of Reims played an early role in forming this doctrine. Alexander III in the 12th century made the ruling about entry into a religious order. Martin V may have been the first to dissolve valid but unconsummated marriages for other reasons. The practice developed further in the early modern period. The main contribution of the chapter is to show that this by-way of Canon Law is more relevant to social history than might be supposed. The evidence of the Apostolic Penitentiary Registers is one of the sources used to demonstrate this.Less

The Urban Frontier

John M. Merriman

in The Margins of City Life: Explorations of the French Urban Frontier, 1815–1851

This chapter begins by describing an incident in Verdun, on June 20, 1826, where six prostitutes staged their own version of an ecclesiastical jubilee. Then, it discusses the working class ... More

This chapter begins by describing an incident in Verdun, on June 20, 1826, where six prostitutes staged their own version of an ecclesiastical jubilee. Then, it discusses the working class faubourgs—of the ecclesiastical, commercial, and industrial center of Reims in 1834. That year, several strikes of spinners occurred. For elites, the urban frontier—faubourg and suburb—represented an urban future that was in many ways anything but reassuring. An essential part of that urban future included workers gathered on the edge of the city, where life was cheap. What made them seem more and more threatening was not the criminality feared by urban elites, but the workers' organized bid for political power. This bid came from the periphery, not only socially, but also spatially and culturally.Less

Reims and the Challenge of Its Industrial Faubourgs

John M. Merriman

in The Margins of City Life: Explorations of the French Urban Frontier, 1815–1851

This chapter turns to Reims and its industrial fauborgs. Despite its long tradition as an ecclesiastical center, large-scale industrialization made Reims one of France's fastest growing cities. The ... More

This chapter turns to Reims and its industrial fauborgs. Despite its long tradition as an ecclesiastical center, large-scale industrialization made Reims one of France's fastest growing cities. The workers of the vast faubourgs of Flechambault and Ceres struggled against the woollens manufacturers' domination of political power after the February revolution of 1848. In doing so, they frightened the bourgeoisie of the center city, the state, and the police that served them both. The urban experience of that century was most vividly seen in the new spaces of the industrial periphery, the locus of industry and working-class organization, pitting, in sharp contrast to Nimes, faubourg against central city.Less

Hincmar of Reims 1

Henry Chadwick

in East and West: The Making of a Rift in the Church: From Apostolic Times until the Council of Florence

Hincmar was the Archbishop of Reims from 845 to his death in 882. He was prominent among those who stressed the value of canon law and familiar with the principal texts of Roman law. In his work, De ... More

Hincmar was the Archbishop of Reims from 845 to his death in 882. He was prominent among those who stressed the value of canon law and familiar with the principal texts of Roman law. In his work, De iure metropolitanorum, Hincmar defended the rights of metropolitans which provoked opponents to change him with thinking the pope's powers were no greater than a metropolitan's.Less

‘Le roi se fait sacré’: preparing the coronation, 1774–75

Anne Byrne

in Death and the Crown: Ritual and Politics in France Before the Revolution

The first of three chapters dealing with the coronation of Louis XVI, this chapter considers the preparations required at Versailles and in Reims, and the currents at work in imagining the monarch at ... More

The first of three chapters dealing with the coronation of Louis XVI, this chapter considers the preparations required at Versailles and in Reims, and the currents at work in imagining the monarch at this juncture in French history. Sentimentalism and ideas of virtue are central themes. Louis XVI's ceremonial entry into Reims prompted grand decorations offering a commentary on contemporary political events, crowned by an arch of bienfaisance.Less

Corinna’s Crown: Improvisation and Authority in Rossini’s Il viaggio a Reims

Melina Esse

in Singing Sappho: Improvisation and Authority in Nineteenth-Century Italian Opera

Chapter Two examines Rossini’s Il viaggio a Reims to explore the transformation of the poetic improvisor into an operatic character. The author compares two characters, Corrine and the Countess, to ... More

Chapter Two examines Rossini’s Il viaggio a Reims to explore the transformation of the poetic improvisor into an operatic character. The author compares two characters, Corrine and the Countess, to argue that the tensions between the two characters and their respective styles of improvisation—operatic diva and poetic improvisor—embodied debates about the role of singers and composers in determining appropriate improvisational ornamentation in operatic text. Instead of the common assumption that operas became increasingly fixed with the rise of texts and the composer’s authority, the author outlines explosion of both singing treatises on ornamentation and publications of single arias that reproduced specific singers’ improvisation indicates, arguing that the creation of texts encouraged rather than hindered variation. She concludes that operatic authorship was akin to musical chairs, with composer, performer, and librettist circling around and through an empty seat.Less

A Durable Feast

Max Harris

in Sacred Folly: A New History of the Feast of Fools

This chapter examines the persistence of the Feast of Fools despite various efforts to suppress it. Some cathedral chapters capitulated quickly to pressure for supression: the Feast of Fools was ... More

This chapter examines the persistence of the Feast of Fools despite various efforts to suppress it. Some cathedral chapters capitulated quickly to pressure for supression: the Feast of Fools was expelled from Auxerre's cathedral in 1411, reappearing in the sixteenth century as a communal outdoor summer festivity. In Troyes, the cathedral church of Saint Peter removed all offensive material from its ordinal in April 1445, but the collegiate church of Saint Urban was still supporting the feast in 1468. Other chapters managed to extend their feast for at least 100 years. In the meantime, church councils at various levels continued to restrict the Feast of Fools. This chapter focuses on five French cities with extensive published evidence of a clerical Feast of Fools after 1445: Châlons-en-Champagne, Besançon, Beaune, Autun, and Reims.Less

Robert de Courson and the Northern Reformers

Sethina Watson

in On Hospitals: Welfare, Law, and Christianity in Western Europe, 400-1320

This chapter, the first study of hospital reform under papal legate Robert de Courson, offers a new picture of the legation in preparation for Lateran IV. Courson’s hospital decree is well-known from ... More

This chapter, the first study of hospital reform under papal legate Robert de Courson, offers a new picture of the legation in preparation for Lateran IV. Courson’s hospital decree is well-known from his councils of Paris (1213) and Rouen (1214). The chapter begins by exploring the origins of the decree, finding that it did not emerge from Courson’s own moral theology, nor from the Parisian theological circle of which he was a leading member. Documentary evidence reveals an earlier iteration of the same decree and unearths a lost first council under Courson, at Reims (1213). Further investigation reveals that the legation was not launched at Paris, as has always been assumed, but with a preaching tour of Flanders and Brabant in June 1213, followed by the council at Reims. The new geography offers a new source for the hospital reform, which is explored through the spread of hospital rules, westward out of Brabant, in the late twelfth and early thirteenth century. It argues, finally, that the reform was closely tied to the beguine movement and, especially, to Jacques de Vitry. After Courson’s council at Rouen (1214), it was not adopted at any other council, including Lateran IV.Less

Two Kings Head North: Transforming Italian Opera in Scandinavia

in Divas and Scholars: Performing Italian Opera

This chapter discusses a “coda,” describing two unusual sets of performances with which Philip Gossett was involved during the 2002–2003 season in Scandinavia: Verdi's Gustavo III (the first version ... More

This chapter discusses a “coda,” describing two unusual sets of performances with which Philip Gossett was involved during the 2002–2003 season in Scandinavia: Verdi's Gustavo III (the first version of Un ballo in maschera) in Gothenburg and Rossini's Il viaggio a Reims (with a partially new text added by Dario Fo) in Helsinki. In both cases, Philip Gossett and his colleagues tested the limits of history and practice. Philip Gossett had agreed to undertake the reconstruction of Gustavo III for the September opening of the 2002–2003 season of the Gothenburg Opera. For a good half of the missing 25% of the original skeleton score, the music of Gustavo III was probably the same as Un ballo in maschera, but in a different key. In several places, though, the versions of the continuity draft for Una vendetta in dominò/Gustavo III, on the one hand, and Ballo, on the other, are strikingly different.Less

Framing the Capetian miracle

James Naus

in Constructing Kingship: The Capetian Monarchs of France and the Early Crusades

Chapter one establishes the narrative and conceptual framework necessary to interpret this crucial period of crusading. In particular, it examines the state of Capetian France on the eve of the ... More

Chapter one establishes the narrative and conceptual framework necessary to interpret this crucial period of crusading. In particular, it examines the state of Capetian France on the eve of the First Crusade. While many historians have considered this period, few have done so from a non-administrative perspective. That is to say, the prevailing narrative explains the rise of Capetian power in the early twelfth century in terms of fiscal centralization and land acquisitions that began at the end of the eleventh. This is not incorrect, but neither is it the full picture. Thus, this chapter argues that this period cannot be fully understood without considering the role of prestige in the transformative process. In this way, the pre-crusading history of France is an essential component in understanding the eventual impact of the crusades of the image and practise of kingship.Less

The Bible in English

Gordon Campbell

in Bible: The Story of the King James Version 1611–2011

This chapter examines the early English translations of the Bible, including those prior to Reformation. English translations since the fourteenth century include those associated with John Wyclif, ... More

This chapter examines the early English translations of the Bible, including those prior to Reformation. English translations since the fourteenth century include those associated with John Wyclif, William Tyndale, and Miles Coverdale. Also discussed are the Matthew Bible, published by John Rogers; the Great Bible, printed by Edward Whitchurch and Richard Grafton; the Geneva Bible; the Bishops' Bible; and the Douai-Reims Bible.Less