Michael P. Roller
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780813056081
- eISBN:
- 9780813053875
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813056081.001.0001
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
Using evidence of historical changes in landscape, community life, and material culture from a coal mining company town in the Anthracite Coal Region of Northeast Pennsylvania, Michael Roller ...
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Using evidence of historical changes in landscape, community life, and material culture from a coal mining company town in the Anthracite Coal Region of Northeast Pennsylvania, Michael Roller introduces an archaeological approach to the structural violence on workers, citizens, and consumers that developed across the twentieth century. The study begins with an analysis of a moment of explicit violence at the end of the nineteenth century, an event known as the Lattimer Massacre, in which as many as nineteen immigrant miners were shot by a posse of local businessmen. From this touchstone, material history and theoretical contexts across the twentieth century are documented in a manner both locally specific and broadly generalizable. Historical archaeology is used strategically, opportunistically, and dialectically, supported, amplified, and illuminated by archival and ethnographic research, spatial analysis, and social theory. In the process, attention is brought to contradictions, ironies, and absences in our understandings of this formative era in labor history. This study illuminates the development of systematized violence and soft forms of social control enacted by the collusion of state and capital through materialities such as infrastructure, urban redevelopment, mass consumerism, governmentality, biopolitics, and the shifting boundaries of sovereign power. Varied in its use of sources, the study returns again and again to the material life and the shifting landscapes of the company towns and shanty enclaves of the region, as well as the violence of the Massacre. This archaeology of the recent past shows us the unconscious material foundations for present social troubles.Less
Using evidence of historical changes in landscape, community life, and material culture from a coal mining company town in the Anthracite Coal Region of Northeast Pennsylvania, Michael Roller introduces an archaeological approach to the structural violence on workers, citizens, and consumers that developed across the twentieth century. The study begins with an analysis of a moment of explicit violence at the end of the nineteenth century, an event known as the Lattimer Massacre, in which as many as nineteen immigrant miners were shot by a posse of local businessmen. From this touchstone, material history and theoretical contexts across the twentieth century are documented in a manner both locally specific and broadly generalizable. Historical archaeology is used strategically, opportunistically, and dialectically, supported, amplified, and illuminated by archival and ethnographic research, spatial analysis, and social theory. In the process, attention is brought to contradictions, ironies, and absences in our understandings of this formative era in labor history. This study illuminates the development of systematized violence and soft forms of social control enacted by the collusion of state and capital through materialities such as infrastructure, urban redevelopment, mass consumerism, governmentality, biopolitics, and the shifting boundaries of sovereign power. Varied in its use of sources, the study returns again and again to the material life and the shifting landscapes of the company towns and shanty enclaves of the region, as well as the violence of the Massacre. This archaeology of the recent past shows us the unconscious material foundations for present social troubles.
Tsering Woeser and Lixiong Wang
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9789888208111
- eISBN:
- 9789888268191
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888208111.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Political History
Tsering Woeser and Wang Lixiong are widely regarded as the most eloquent, insightful writers on contemporary Tibet. Their reportage on the economic exploitation, environmental degradation, cultural ...
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Tsering Woeser and Wang Lixiong are widely regarded as the most eloquent, insightful writers on contemporary Tibet. Their reportage on the economic exploitation, environmental degradation, cultural destruction and political subjugation that plague the increasingly Han Chinese-dominated Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) is as powerful as it is profound, ardent and analytical in equal measure, and not in the least bit ideological. Voices from Tibet assembles and reportage in translation that captures many facets of the upheavals wrought by a rising China upon a sacred land and its pious people. With the TAR in a virtual lockdown after the 2008 unrest, this book sheds important light on the simmering frustrations that touched off the unrest and Beijing’s relentless control tactics in its wake. The authors also interrogate long-standing assumptions about Tibetans’ political future. Woeser’s and Wang’s writings represent a rare Chinese view sympathetic to Tibetan causes. Their powerful testimony should resonate in many places confronting threats of cultural subjugation and economic domination by an external power.Less
Tsering Woeser and Wang Lixiong are widely regarded as the most eloquent, insightful writers on contemporary Tibet. Their reportage on the economic exploitation, environmental degradation, cultural destruction and political subjugation that plague the increasingly Han Chinese-dominated Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) is as powerful as it is profound, ardent and analytical in equal measure, and not in the least bit ideological. Voices from Tibet assembles and reportage in translation that captures many facets of the upheavals wrought by a rising China upon a sacred land and its pious people. With the TAR in a virtual lockdown after the 2008 unrest, this book sheds important light on the simmering frustrations that touched off the unrest and Beijing’s relentless control tactics in its wake. The authors also interrogate long-standing assumptions about Tibetans’ political future. Woeser’s and Wang’s writings represent a rare Chinese view sympathetic to Tibetan causes. Their powerful testimony should resonate in many places confronting threats of cultural subjugation and economic domination by an external power.
Hal M. Friedman (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780813176550
- eISBN:
- 9780813176581
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813176550.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Military History
Before 1940, East Asia and the Pacific were contested regions. The United States vied with the Empire of Japan for the strategic domination of the Pacific Basin. To a lesser degree, the formerly ...
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Before 1940, East Asia and the Pacific were contested regions. The United States vied with the Empire of Japan for the strategic domination of the Pacific Basin. To a lesser degree, the formerly hegemonic colonial powers of Britain, France, and the Netherlands still controlled portions of the region. At the same time, subjugated peoples in East Asia and Southeast Asia struggled to throw off colonialism. By the late 1930s, the competition exploded into armed conflict. Japan looked to be the early victor, but by 1945 the United States established itself as the hegemonic power in the Pacific Basin. New rivals, however, arose in the form of Communist and liberation movements on the Asian continent. In War in the American Pacific and East Asia, 1941–1972, editor Hal Friedman brings together nine essays that explore aspects of the Pacific War that remain understudied or, in some cases, entirely unexamined. Chapters present traditional subjects of the conflict in new ways, with essays on interservice rivalry and military advising, as well as unique topics new to military history, particularly the investigations of strategic communications, military public relations, institutional cultures of elite forces, foodways, and the military’s interaction with the press. Together, these essays firmly establish the Pacific War as the pivotal point in the twentieth century in the Pacific Basin.Less
Before 1940, East Asia and the Pacific were contested regions. The United States vied with the Empire of Japan for the strategic domination of the Pacific Basin. To a lesser degree, the formerly hegemonic colonial powers of Britain, France, and the Netherlands still controlled portions of the region. At the same time, subjugated peoples in East Asia and Southeast Asia struggled to throw off colonialism. By the late 1930s, the competition exploded into armed conflict. Japan looked to be the early victor, but by 1945 the United States established itself as the hegemonic power in the Pacific Basin. New rivals, however, arose in the form of Communist and liberation movements on the Asian continent. In War in the American Pacific and East Asia, 1941–1972, editor Hal Friedman brings together nine essays that explore aspects of the Pacific War that remain understudied or, in some cases, entirely unexamined. Chapters present traditional subjects of the conflict in new ways, with essays on interservice rivalry and military advising, as well as unique topics new to military history, particularly the investigations of strategic communications, military public relations, institutional cultures of elite forces, foodways, and the military’s interaction with the press. Together, these essays firmly establish the Pacific War as the pivotal point in the twentieth century in the Pacific Basin.
Shawn Chandler Bingham and Lindsey A. Freeman (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781469631677
- eISBN:
- 9781469631691
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469631677.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
From the southern influence on nineteenth-century New York to the musical legacy of late-twentieth-century Athens, Georgia, to the cutting-edge cuisines of twenty-first-century Asheville, North ...
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From the southern influence on nineteenth-century New York to the musical legacy of late-twentieth-century Athens, Georgia, to the cutting-edge cuisines of twenty-first-century Asheville, North Carolina, the bohemian South has long contested traditional views of the region. Yet, even as the fruits of this creative South have famously been celebrated, exported, and expropriated, the region long was labeled a cultural backwater. This timely and illuminating collection uses bohemia as a novel lens for reconsidering more traditional views of the South. Exploring wide-ranging locales, such as Athens, Austin, Black Mountain College, Knoxville, Memphis, New Orleans, and North Carolina’s Research Triangle, each essay challenges popular interpretations of the South, while highlighting important bohemian sub- and countercultures. The Bohemian South provides an important perspective in the New South as an epicenter for progress, innovation, and experimentation.Less
From the southern influence on nineteenth-century New York to the musical legacy of late-twentieth-century Athens, Georgia, to the cutting-edge cuisines of twenty-first-century Asheville, North Carolina, the bohemian South has long contested traditional views of the region. Yet, even as the fruits of this creative South have famously been celebrated, exported, and expropriated, the region long was labeled a cultural backwater. This timely and illuminating collection uses bohemia as a novel lens for reconsidering more traditional views of the South. Exploring wide-ranging locales, such as Athens, Austin, Black Mountain College, Knoxville, Memphis, New Orleans, and North Carolina’s Research Triangle, each essay challenges popular interpretations of the South, while highlighting important bohemian sub- and countercultures. The Bohemian South provides an important perspective in the New South as an epicenter for progress, innovation, and experimentation.
Jonathan Kaplan and Federico Paredes Umaña
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780813056746
- eISBN:
- 9780813053615
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813056746.001.0001
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology
Before the authors’ research, Chocolá was no more than an intriguing legend. Chocolá’s apparent political links to the greatest Preclassic southern Maya area polity, Kaminaljuyu, would make any ...
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Before the authors’ research, Chocolá was no more than an intriguing legend. Chocolá’s apparent political links to the greatest Preclassic southern Maya area polity, Kaminaljuyu, would make any discovery about Chocolá conceivably vital to a better understanding of Maya origins and New World archaeology, as both ancient cities are located in the Southern Maya Region. Two facts led researchers to search more specifically for the material bases for Chocolá’s rise to power: 1) Mesoamerica’s greatest rainfall, 2) cacao groves around the modern village lying atop the ancient city. Cacao was so important to the Maya that, mythologically, the cacao god was the maize god’s brother and uncle of the “Hero Twins,” conceived as the aboriginal creators of the Maya people. If water control systems have been documented archaeologically at virtually all great ancient cities around the world, cacao is uniquely a Maya “invention,” the Maya being the first people in the world to domesticate the plant and cultivate it through intensive agriculture. These two discoveries—impressive water management and cacao at Preclassic Chocolá—likely are not coincidental. A complex, hierarchical society would have been in place for arboriculture of water-thirsty cacao for long-distance ancient trade. Thus, two material substances, one necessary for human survival, the other highly valued throughout Mesoamerica as consumable and essential in Maya mythology, may explain, in part, how this and other Southern Maya “kingdoms of chocolate” may represent a “sweet beginning” for one of the greatest civilizations of the ancient world.Less
Before the authors’ research, Chocolá was no more than an intriguing legend. Chocolá’s apparent political links to the greatest Preclassic southern Maya area polity, Kaminaljuyu, would make any discovery about Chocolá conceivably vital to a better understanding of Maya origins and New World archaeology, as both ancient cities are located in the Southern Maya Region. Two facts led researchers to search more specifically for the material bases for Chocolá’s rise to power: 1) Mesoamerica’s greatest rainfall, 2) cacao groves around the modern village lying atop the ancient city. Cacao was so important to the Maya that, mythologically, the cacao god was the maize god’s brother and uncle of the “Hero Twins,” conceived as the aboriginal creators of the Maya people. If water control systems have been documented archaeologically at virtually all great ancient cities around the world, cacao is uniquely a Maya “invention,” the Maya being the first people in the world to domesticate the plant and cultivate it through intensive agriculture. These two discoveries—impressive water management and cacao at Preclassic Chocolá—likely are not coincidental. A complex, hierarchical society would have been in place for arboriculture of water-thirsty cacao for long-distance ancient trade. Thus, two material substances, one necessary for human survival, the other highly valued throughout Mesoamerica as consumable and essential in Maya mythology, may explain, in part, how this and other Southern Maya “kingdoms of chocolate” may represent a “sweet beginning” for one of the greatest civilizations of the ancient world.
C. T. Sandars
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198296874
- eISBN:
- 9780191685293
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198296874.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter discusses the U.S. government's determination to take sole control of Japan and the Pacific region after World War II. The U.S. was determined to keep other allies, particularly Russia, ...
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This chapter discusses the U.S. government's determination to take sole control of Japan and the Pacific region after World War II. The U.S. was determined to keep other allies, particularly Russia, out of Japan, to prevent their development of offensive bases on the home islands. The Joint Chiefs of Staff were keen on building military bases on the Ryukyus Islands and in Okinawa, but not on a long-term basis. However, they were compelled to maintain a permanent presence on the mainland and home islands to ensure peace and stability along the areas bordering the Yellow Sea and because of the outbreak of the Korean War.Less
This chapter discusses the U.S. government's determination to take sole control of Japan and the Pacific region after World War II. The U.S. was determined to keep other allies, particularly Russia, out of Japan, to prevent their development of offensive bases on the home islands. The Joint Chiefs of Staff were keen on building military bases on the Ryukyus Islands and in Okinawa, but not on a long-term basis. However, they were compelled to maintain a permanent presence on the mainland and home islands to ensure peace and stability along the areas bordering the Yellow Sea and because of the outbreak of the Korean War.
Sonny Shiu-hing Lo
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622099081
- eISBN:
- 9789882207547
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622099081.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Political History
This book assesses the implementation of “one country, two systems” in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) from the political, judicial, legal, economic, and societal dimensions. The ...
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This book assesses the implementation of “one country, two systems” in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) from the political, judicial, legal, economic, and societal dimensions. The author contends that there has been a gradual process of mainlandization of the HKSAR, meaning that Hong Kong is increasingly economically dependent on the People's Republic of China (PRC), politically deferent to the central government on the scope and pace of democratic reforms, socially more patriotic toward the motherland and more prone to media self-censorship, and judicially more vulnerable to the interpretation of the Basic Law by the National People's Congress. The book aims to achieve a breakthrough in relating the development of Hong Kong politics to the future of mainland China and Taiwan. By broadening the focus of “one country, two systems” from governance to the process of Sino-British negotiations and their thrust-building efforts, the book argues that the diplomats from mainland China and Taiwan can learn from the ways in which Hong Kong's political future was settled in 1982–1984.Less
This book assesses the implementation of “one country, two systems” in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) from the political, judicial, legal, economic, and societal dimensions. The author contends that there has been a gradual process of mainlandization of the HKSAR, meaning that Hong Kong is increasingly economically dependent on the People's Republic of China (PRC), politically deferent to the central government on the scope and pace of democratic reforms, socially more patriotic toward the motherland and more prone to media self-censorship, and judicially more vulnerable to the interpretation of the Basic Law by the National People's Congress. The book aims to achieve a breakthrough in relating the development of Hong Kong politics to the future of mainland China and Taiwan. By broadening the focus of “one country, two systems” from governance to the process of Sino-British negotiations and their thrust-building efforts, the book argues that the diplomats from mainland China and Taiwan can learn from the ways in which Hong Kong's political future was settled in 1982–1984.
Simon N. M. Young and Richard Cullen
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028399
- eISBN:
- 9789882206908
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028399.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
In 2007, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region held its first-ever contested election for Chief Executive, selected by 800 members of an Election Committee drawn from roughly 7% of the ...
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In 2007, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region held its first-ever contested election for Chief Executive, selected by 800 members of an Election Committee drawn from roughly 7% of the population. The outcome was a foregone conclusion, but the process allowed a pro-democracy legislator to obtain enough nominations to contest the election. The office of Chief Executive is as unique as the system used to fill the office, distinct from colonial governors and other leaders of Chinese provinces and municipalities. The head of the HKSAR enjoys greater autonomous powers, such as powers to nominate principal officials for Chinese appointment, pardon offenders, and appoint judges. Despite its many anti-democratic features, the Election Committee has generated behavior typically associated with elections in leading capitalist democracies and has also gained prominence on the mainland as the vehicle for returning Hong Kong deputies to the National People's Congress. This book reviews the history and development of the Election Committee (and its predecessor), discusses its ties to legislative assemblies in Hong Kong and Mainland China, and reflects on the future of the system.Less
In 2007, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region held its first-ever contested election for Chief Executive, selected by 800 members of an Election Committee drawn from roughly 7% of the population. The outcome was a foregone conclusion, but the process allowed a pro-democracy legislator to obtain enough nominations to contest the election. The office of Chief Executive is as unique as the system used to fill the office, distinct from colonial governors and other leaders of Chinese provinces and municipalities. The head of the HKSAR enjoys greater autonomous powers, such as powers to nominate principal officials for Chinese appointment, pardon offenders, and appoint judges. Despite its many anti-democratic features, the Election Committee has generated behavior typically associated with elections in leading capitalist democracies and has also gained prominence on the mainland as the vehicle for returning Hong Kong deputies to the National People's Congress. This book reviews the history and development of the Election Committee (and its predecessor), discusses its ties to legislative assemblies in Hong Kong and Mainland China, and reflects on the future of the system.
S. R. Cloude
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199569731
- eISBN:
- 9780191721908
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199569731.003.0006
- Subject:
- Physics, Particle Physics / Astrophysics / Cosmology, Geophysics, Atmospheric and Environmental Physics
This chapter deals with the formal fusion of polarisation with interferometry. It develops an approach based on a general coherency matrix formulation, which scales naturally to multiple baselines, ...
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This chapter deals with the formal fusion of polarisation with interferometry. It develops an approach based on a general coherency matrix formulation, which scales naturally to multiple baselines, and shows how this may be used to generate interferograms for arbitrary choice of transmit and receive polarisations. It then considers the topic of coherence optimisation: methods for selecting the polarisation combinations that maximise the interferometric coherence and hence minimise the phase error. It is shown that there are two important classes of such optimisation: constrained and unconstrained. This leads to several important new concepts such as the coherence region, and the relationship between singular value decomposition (SVD) and Schur subspace analysis for the interpretation of the shape of this region. It concludes with a brief treatment of the practical issues of coherence bias in multi-channel interferometry.Less
This chapter deals with the formal fusion of polarisation with interferometry. It develops an approach based on a general coherency matrix formulation, which scales naturally to multiple baselines, and shows how this may be used to generate interferograms for arbitrary choice of transmit and receive polarisations. It then considers the topic of coherence optimisation: methods for selecting the polarisation combinations that maximise the interferometric coherence and hence minimise the phase error. It is shown that there are two important classes of such optimisation: constrained and unconstrained. This leads to several important new concepts such as the coherence region, and the relationship between singular value decomposition (SVD) and Schur subspace analysis for the interpretation of the shape of this region. It concludes with a brief treatment of the practical issues of coherence bias in multi-channel interferometry.
Francisca Ninik Yudianti
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780823267309
- eISBN:
- 9780823272334
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823267309.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Do the principles and frameworks provided by Catholic Social Teaching (CST) have any effect today on the processes of democratic practices and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Catholic-owned ...
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Do the principles and frameworks provided by Catholic Social Teaching (CST) have any effect today on the processes of democratic practices and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Catholic-owned businesses? The results of Yudianti’s economic analysis indicate that, in fact, yes, the democratic practices of Catholic Social Teaching (CST) do have a positive effect on the adoption of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a business practice in the corporate culture of the Yogyakarta Special Region in Indonesia. While this is particularly true for the Small and Medium sized Enterprises (SME) in the Yogyakarta Special Region whose owners identify as Catholic, it remains to be seen the extent to which such practices have an impact on the Small and Medium sized Enterprises (SME) in the Yogyakarta Special Region whose owners identify as Muslim. While more research needs to be conducted in these areas, Yudianti’s contribution to the conversation suggests that such research ought to be undertaken, given that her preliminary findings show positive results for the practice of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).Less
Do the principles and frameworks provided by Catholic Social Teaching (CST) have any effect today on the processes of democratic practices and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Catholic-owned businesses? The results of Yudianti’s economic analysis indicate that, in fact, yes, the democratic practices of Catholic Social Teaching (CST) do have a positive effect on the adoption of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a business practice in the corporate culture of the Yogyakarta Special Region in Indonesia. While this is particularly true for the Small and Medium sized Enterprises (SME) in the Yogyakarta Special Region whose owners identify as Catholic, it remains to be seen the extent to which such practices have an impact on the Small and Medium sized Enterprises (SME) in the Yogyakarta Special Region whose owners identify as Muslim. While more research needs to be conducted in these areas, Yudianti’s contribution to the conversation suggests that such research ought to be undertaken, given that her preliminary findings show positive results for the practice of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).
José M. Bernardo
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199694587
- eISBN:
- 9780191731921
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199694587.003.0001
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Probability / Statistics
The complete final product of Bayesian inference is the posterior distribution of the quantity of interest. Important inference summaries include point estimation, region estimation and precise ...
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The complete final product of Bayesian inference is the posterior distribution of the quantity of interest. Important inference summaries include point estimation, region estimation and precise hypotheses testing. Those summaries may appropriately be described as the solution to specific decision problems which depend on the particular loss function chosen. The use of a continuous loss function leads to an integrated set of solutions where the same prior distribution may be used throughout. Objective Bayesian methods are those which use a prior distribution which only depends on the assumed model and the quantity of interest. As a consequence, objective Bayesian methods produce results which only depend on the assumed model and the data obtained. The combined use of intrinsic discrepancy, an invariant information‐based loss function, and appropriately defined reference priors, provides an integrated objective Bayesian solution to both estimation and hypothesis testing problems. The ideas are illustrated with a large collection of non‐trivial examples.Less
The complete final product of Bayesian inference is the posterior distribution of the quantity of interest. Important inference summaries include point estimation, region estimation and precise hypotheses testing. Those summaries may appropriately be described as the solution to specific decision problems which depend on the particular loss function chosen. The use of a continuous loss function leads to an integrated set of solutions where the same prior distribution may be used throughout. Objective Bayesian methods are those which use a prior distribution which only depends on the assumed model and the quantity of interest. As a consequence, objective Bayesian methods produce results which only depend on the assumed model and the data obtained. The combined use of intrinsic discrepancy, an invariant information‐based loss function, and appropriately defined reference priors, provides an integrated objective Bayesian solution to both estimation and hypothesis testing problems. The ideas are illustrated with a large collection of non‐trivial examples.
Nancy P. Appelbaum
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781469627441
- eISBN:
- 9781469627465
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469627441.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
The nineteenth century was an era of breathtakingly ambitious geographic expeditions across the Americas. The seminal Chorographic Commission of Colombia, which began in 1850 and lasted about a ...
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The nineteenth century was an era of breathtakingly ambitious geographic expeditions across the Americas. The seminal Chorographic Commission of Colombia, which began in 1850 and lasted about a decade, was one of Latin America's most extensive. The commission's mandate was to define and map the young republic and its resources with an eye toward modernization. In this history of the commission, Nancy P. Appelbaum focuses on the geographers' fieldwork practices and visual production as the men traversed the mountains, savannahs, and forests of more than thirty provinces in order to delineate the country's territorial and racial composition. Their assumptions and methods, Appelbaum argues, contributed to a long-lasting national imaginary. What jumps out of the commission's array of reports, maps, sketches, and paintings is a portentous tension between the marked differences that appeared before the eyes of the geographers in the field and the visions of sameness to which they aspired. The commissioners and their patrons believed that a prosperous republic required a unified and racially homogeneous population, but the commission's maps and images paradoxically emphasized diversity and helped create a "country of regions." By privileging the whiter inhabitants of the cool Andean highlands over those of the boiling tropical lowlands, the commission left a lasting but problematic legacy for today's Colombians.Less
The nineteenth century was an era of breathtakingly ambitious geographic expeditions across the Americas. The seminal Chorographic Commission of Colombia, which began in 1850 and lasted about a decade, was one of Latin America's most extensive. The commission's mandate was to define and map the young republic and its resources with an eye toward modernization. In this history of the commission, Nancy P. Appelbaum focuses on the geographers' fieldwork practices and visual production as the men traversed the mountains, savannahs, and forests of more than thirty provinces in order to delineate the country's territorial and racial composition. Their assumptions and methods, Appelbaum argues, contributed to a long-lasting national imaginary. What jumps out of the commission's array of reports, maps, sketches, and paintings is a portentous tension between the marked differences that appeared before the eyes of the geographers in the field and the visions of sameness to which they aspired. The commissioners and their patrons believed that a prosperous republic required a unified and racially homogeneous population, but the commission's maps and images paradoxically emphasized diversity and helped create a "country of regions." By privileging the whiter inhabitants of the cool Andean highlands over those of the boiling tropical lowlands, the commission left a lasting but problematic legacy for today's Colombians.
Michael P. Roller
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780813056081
- eISBN:
- 9780813053875
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813056081.003.0005
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
Chapter 4 examines the material dimensions of structural violence underpinning the explicit subjective violence of the massacre. The chapter outlines the history of migration to the Anthracite ...
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Chapter 4 examines the material dimensions of structural violence underpinning the explicit subjective violence of the massacre. The chapter outlines the history of migration to the Anthracite region’s company towns, explicating the material and spatial factors creating and maintaining the racialized labor hierarchy. Specifically, the chapter describes the development of shanty towns on the periphery of company-built housing around the last two decades of the nineteenth century. This chapter concludes that these ethnic enclaves mark out new spaces of exception in the landscape of the town. Their presence materializes ownership’s new dependence upon immigrant surplus labor pools and mechanized work processes to capitalize upon the exigencies of the industry, economic depression, stiff competition, and an increasingly organized craft labor force.Less
Chapter 4 examines the material dimensions of structural violence underpinning the explicit subjective violence of the massacre. The chapter outlines the history of migration to the Anthracite region’s company towns, explicating the material and spatial factors creating and maintaining the racialized labor hierarchy. Specifically, the chapter describes the development of shanty towns on the periphery of company-built housing around the last two decades of the nineteenth century. This chapter concludes that these ethnic enclaves mark out new spaces of exception in the landscape of the town. Their presence materializes ownership’s new dependence upon immigrant surplus labor pools and mechanized work processes to capitalize upon the exigencies of the industry, economic depression, stiff competition, and an increasingly organized craft labor force.
Sonny Shiu-Hing Lo
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622099081
- eISBN:
- 9789882207547
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622099081.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Political History
On July 1, 1997, Hong Kong's sovereignty was transferred from Britain to the People's Republic of China. This handover tested the concept of “one country, two systems”, designed and proposed by the ...
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On July 1, 1997, Hong Kong's sovereignty was transferred from Britain to the People's Republic of China. This handover tested the concept of “one country, two systems”, designed and proposed by the late Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping. With Taiwan as the final target of the reunification with China, Deng hoped that the retrocession of Hong Kong would be smooth and would woo Taiwan to return to the PRC orbit. This book discusses the implementation of “one country, two systems” in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR). It assesses the issues surrounding the mainlandization of HKSAR. The issues of the economic dependence of HKSAR in PRC, the vulnerability of HKSAR in the NPC's interpretation of the Basic Law, media-censorship, and the differences of HKSAR and PRC in terms of democratic reforms are discussed. This book aims to successfully relate the progress of Hong Kong politics to the future political relationship of China and Taiwan. By offering a broad focus on “one country, two systems” in the process of Sino-British negotiations and their trust building efforts, this book provides a paradigm from which political leaders of China and Taiwan can derive lessons to improve their political relationship.Less
On July 1, 1997, Hong Kong's sovereignty was transferred from Britain to the People's Republic of China. This handover tested the concept of “one country, two systems”, designed and proposed by the late Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping. With Taiwan as the final target of the reunification with China, Deng hoped that the retrocession of Hong Kong would be smooth and would woo Taiwan to return to the PRC orbit. This book discusses the implementation of “one country, two systems” in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR). It assesses the issues surrounding the mainlandization of HKSAR. The issues of the economic dependence of HKSAR in PRC, the vulnerability of HKSAR in the NPC's interpretation of the Basic Law, media-censorship, and the differences of HKSAR and PRC in terms of democratic reforms are discussed. This book aims to successfully relate the progress of Hong Kong politics to the future political relationship of China and Taiwan. By offering a broad focus on “one country, two systems” in the process of Sino-British negotiations and their trust building efforts, this book provides a paradigm from which political leaders of China and Taiwan can derive lessons to improve their political relationship.
Sonny Shiu-Hing Lo
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622099081
- eISBN:
- 9789882207547
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622099081.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Political History
This chapter reviews the perspectives arising from the political relationships between the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) and Beijing. These perspectives include Hong Kong's ...
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This chapter reviews the perspectives arising from the political relationships between the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) and Beijing. These perspectives include Hong Kong's annexation of the mainland, the clash of civilizations, Beijing's control over Hong Kong, bureaucratic politics, planning and coordination, and fiscal relations. In addition to reviewing these perspectives, the chapter also advances a modified form of patron-clientelism which involves political patrons operating in a pluralistic environment where support from the clients and followers is not assured and where non-clients are determined to oppose the clientelistic regime. The chapter also explores how the central government of Beijing (the superior patron) deals with the non-clients of Hong Kong's political scene, specifically the democratic elites. It also examines how Beijing rewards the clients of HKSAR.Less
This chapter reviews the perspectives arising from the political relationships between the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) and Beijing. These perspectives include Hong Kong's annexation of the mainland, the clash of civilizations, Beijing's control over Hong Kong, bureaucratic politics, planning and coordination, and fiscal relations. In addition to reviewing these perspectives, the chapter also advances a modified form of patron-clientelism which involves political patrons operating in a pluralistic environment where support from the clients and followers is not assured and where non-clients are determined to oppose the clientelistic regime. The chapter also explores how the central government of Beijing (the superior patron) deals with the non-clients of Hong Kong's political scene, specifically the democratic elites. It also examines how Beijing rewards the clients of HKSAR.
Oscar A. Espinosa
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780823267309
- eISBN:
- 9780823272334
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823267309.003.0014
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
In this essay, Espinosa outlines the role played by Roman Catholic bishops of the Amazon during the intense conflicts over indigenous rights and environmental degradation that occurred in the ...
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In this essay, Espinosa outlines the role played by Roman Catholic bishops of the Amazon during the intense conflicts over indigenous rights and environmental degradation that occurred in the Peruvian Amazon region during the years 2007–2011. Of major importance were the Pastoral Nativa organization for missionaries working with indigenous people and the Amazonian bishops’ public declarations of support for the indigenous people at a time when the government of President Alan Garcia and major multinational corporations were supporting massive exploitation of timber and minerals. Tensions led to mobilizations of indigenous people protesting the Garcia government. These climaxed in the 2009 Bagua conflict between indigenous people and military forces that left thirty people dead. These developments brought further support from the entire Peruvian episcopacy in support of the Amazonian bishops’ commitment to justice for indigenous people and the environment.Less
In this essay, Espinosa outlines the role played by Roman Catholic bishops of the Amazon during the intense conflicts over indigenous rights and environmental degradation that occurred in the Peruvian Amazon region during the years 2007–2011. Of major importance were the Pastoral Nativa organization for missionaries working with indigenous people and the Amazonian bishops’ public declarations of support for the indigenous people at a time when the government of President Alan Garcia and major multinational corporations were supporting massive exploitation of timber and minerals. Tensions led to mobilizations of indigenous people protesting the Garcia government. These climaxed in the 2009 Bagua conflict between indigenous people and military forces that left thirty people dead. These developments brought further support from the entire Peruvian episcopacy in support of the Amazonian bishops’ commitment to justice for indigenous people and the environment.
Christine Loh
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028948
- eISBN:
- 9789882207653
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028948.003.0029
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter covers the period from 1997 to 2009—the sixth phase, as well as the start of the seventh phase. It specifically offers a substantive discussion about the merits of the Chinese Communist ...
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This chapter covers the period from 1997 to 2009—the sixth phase, as well as the start of the seventh phase. It specifically offers a substantive discussion about the merits of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) operating openly in the Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong (HKSAR). It also shows that Donald Tsang continues the struggle although from the CCP's perspective, Hong Kong is being tamed and a new political order under Chinese sovereignty is being shaped. It begins by discussing the Mainland institutions and Hong Kong. The requirements for the new political order in Hong Kong are given. One of the roles of Xinhua Hong Kong (and then the Liaison Office as its successor) was to influence the media. Moreover, after the protest, the CCP proceeded on several fronts to prepare to take on a more active role in Hong Kong affairs. Furthermore, the 2008 Legislative Council election is described. The CCP is likely to conclude that it has basically achieved what it set out to do in 1983 in order to build the united front, win the propaganda war, assert sovereignty, and take power peacefully in 1997.Less
This chapter covers the period from 1997 to 2009—the sixth phase, as well as the start of the seventh phase. It specifically offers a substantive discussion about the merits of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) operating openly in the Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong (HKSAR). It also shows that Donald Tsang continues the struggle although from the CCP's perspective, Hong Kong is being tamed and a new political order under Chinese sovereignty is being shaped. It begins by discussing the Mainland institutions and Hong Kong. The requirements for the new political order in Hong Kong are given. One of the roles of Xinhua Hong Kong (and then the Liaison Office as its successor) was to influence the media. Moreover, after the protest, the CCP proceeded on several fronts to prepare to take on a more active role in Hong Kong affairs. Furthermore, the 2008 Legislative Council election is described. The CCP is likely to conclude that it has basically achieved what it set out to do in 1983 in order to build the united front, win the propaganda war, assert sovereignty, and take power peacefully in 1997.
Christine Loh
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028948
- eISBN:
- 9789882207653
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028948.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
The story of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in Hong Kong is the tale of how the party dealt with the contradiction of communism in Hong Kong. From the time of the birth of the CCP, Hong Kong ...
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The story of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in Hong Kong is the tale of how the party dealt with the contradiction of communism in Hong Kong. From the time of the birth of the CCP, Hong Kong served as a very useful and fairly secure haven for party members and friends to stage revolutionary and political activities, including communications, propaganda, united front activities, fundraising, and intelligence gathering. Hong Kong was also a good place for the Mainland in terms of trade, loans, investments, and gifts from compatriots. In addition, the story of the CCP in Hong Kong can be said to have six distinct phases since 1921, when the party was established on the Mainland. The two interwoven issues, namely dealing with capitalism and managing elections, are considered. Despite there being still many challenges for the CCP to bring the Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong (HKSAR) fully into the fold, a new political order has emerged in Hong Kong, which carries with it a different set of regime values from those prior to 1997.Less
The story of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in Hong Kong is the tale of how the party dealt with the contradiction of communism in Hong Kong. From the time of the birth of the CCP, Hong Kong served as a very useful and fairly secure haven for party members and friends to stage revolutionary and political activities, including communications, propaganda, united front activities, fundraising, and intelligence gathering. Hong Kong was also a good place for the Mainland in terms of trade, loans, investments, and gifts from compatriots. In addition, the story of the CCP in Hong Kong can be said to have six distinct phases since 1921, when the party was established on the Mainland. The two interwoven issues, namely dealing with capitalism and managing elections, are considered. Despite there being still many challenges for the CCP to bring the Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong (HKSAR) fully into the fold, a new political order has emerged in Hong Kong, which carries with it a different set of regime values from those prior to 1997.
Wai-man Lam and Percy Luen-tim Lui (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9789888139477
- eISBN:
- 9789882208681
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888139477.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
This new and fully revised edition of Contemporary Hong Kong Government and Politics critically assesses the main strands of continuity and change in Hong Kong's government and politics since the ...
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This new and fully revised edition of Contemporary Hong Kong Government and Politics critically assesses the main strands of continuity and change in Hong Kong's government and politics since the creation of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in 1997. It first investigates the core institutions of the SAR, focusing on the Executive, the Legislature, the Judiciary, the civil service, District Councils, and advisory and statutory bodies. It then examines progress in democratic reform in Hong Kong and the main components of civil society, including political parties, elections, political identity, and mass media and public opinion. Analyses of key policy sectors then follow. In its concluding chapters, the volume explores Hong Kong's relations with the Mainland and the wider world.Less
This new and fully revised edition of Contemporary Hong Kong Government and Politics critically assesses the main strands of continuity and change in Hong Kong's government and politics since the creation of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in 1997. It first investigates the core institutions of the SAR, focusing on the Executive, the Legislature, the Judiciary, the civil service, District Councils, and advisory and statutory bodies. It then examines progress in democratic reform in Hong Kong and the main components of civil society, including political parties, elections, political identity, and mass media and public opinion. Analyses of key policy sectors then follow. In its concluding chapters, the volume explores Hong Kong's relations with the Mainland and the wider world.
Olive Dame Campbell
Elizabeth M. Williams (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780813136448
- eISBN:
- 9780813141404
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813136448.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Olive Dame Campbell is best known as a ballad collector, but she was also a social reformer in Appalachia. Her diary is a the record of a trip that she and her husband, John C. Campbell, made in the ...
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Olive Dame Campbell is best known as a ballad collector, but she was also a social reformer in Appalachia. Her diary is a the record of a trip that she and her husband, John C. Campbell, made in the early part of the 20th century to gather data for the Russell Sage Foundation about the true social, religious, and economic conditions in the Southern Highlands. Visiting eastern Kentucky, eastern Tennessee, and western North Carolina, they interviewed missionaries, teachers, and settlement school workers, going to out-of-the-way villages and towns on roads that were often nothing more than creek beds. After John Campbell's death in 1919, she continued his work, finishing his book, The Southern Highlander and His Homeland, the first comprehensive history of Appalachia. All the while, she maintained her interest in folk songs, acquired on their fact-finding trip. She studied the educational principles of Scandinavian folk schools and established the John C. Campbell Folk School near Brasstown, North Carolina, to encourage the local population to continue the tradition of creating native crafts and was instrumental in the establishment of the Southern Mountain Handicraft Guild. Olive Dame Campbell's diary of their investigative trip to gather information is an entertaining and enlightening account of the places the Campbells visited and the people they met, revealing captivating details of everyday life in Appalachia at the turn of the century.Less
Olive Dame Campbell is best known as a ballad collector, but she was also a social reformer in Appalachia. Her diary is a the record of a trip that she and her husband, John C. Campbell, made in the early part of the 20th century to gather data for the Russell Sage Foundation about the true social, religious, and economic conditions in the Southern Highlands. Visiting eastern Kentucky, eastern Tennessee, and western North Carolina, they interviewed missionaries, teachers, and settlement school workers, going to out-of-the-way villages and towns on roads that were often nothing more than creek beds. After John Campbell's death in 1919, she continued his work, finishing his book, The Southern Highlander and His Homeland, the first comprehensive history of Appalachia. All the while, she maintained her interest in folk songs, acquired on their fact-finding trip. She studied the educational principles of Scandinavian folk schools and established the John C. Campbell Folk School near Brasstown, North Carolina, to encourage the local population to continue the tradition of creating native crafts and was instrumental in the establishment of the Southern Mountain Handicraft Guild. Olive Dame Campbell's diary of their investigative trip to gather information is an entertaining and enlightening account of the places the Campbells visited and the people they met, revealing captivating details of everyday life in Appalachia at the turn of the century.
