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There are many things that are not yet clear in the reign of different kings in Egypt, like the royal titles of vizier Paramessu, wherein there is not enough evidence whether he took the royal title only on the death of Horemheb or in advance of that. The short reign of Rameses I and the accession of his son, Sethy I, marked a new era with royal family not apparently linked to the now discredited Eighteenth Dynasty line. But with Akhenaten's reign, the royal family increased visibility, and even expanded under the new dynasty. Under Akhenaten, royal princes started to be represented in temples by virtue of their status as the king's offspring alone. Figures of Tutankhamun and Nefertiti are among the most iconic images in the world, but Akhenaten's belief and activities are the most powerful because it can provoke a level of passion.

A segment of recent scholarship maintains that the Exodus narratives are either mythological or are complete fiction. These views are challenged by a detailed investigation of the geographical names used in the book of Exodus (e.g., Rameses, Pithom, Succoth, Etham). After establishing that these toponyms are all attested in Egyptian written sources of the second half of the 2nd century B.C., the locations of the sites are pursued in the archaeological record, namely, San el-Hagar, Qantir, Tell Retabeh, and Tell el-Maskhuta.

This chapter concerns the events following the death of Rameses II, with a particular focus on his successor Merenptah's heir, Sethy II, as well as the mysterious figure of King Amenmeses. Much debate has surrounded King Amenmeses, concerning both his origins and his exact position in the late Nineteenth Dynasty. As to the former, there is evidence that he was a son of Sethy II. As regards his position, while he was long believed to have had an independent reign directly after Merenptah's death, the evidence now seems to indicate that his usurpation took place within the reign of Sethy II. The chapter goes on to examine the reign of another king, Siptah, who had ascended the throne following the death of Sethy II.

This chapter focuses on the reign of Rameses III, perhaps the last truly great pharaoh. Though external conflict would mar the first several years of his reign Rameses III would later go on to start a major building program, supplemented by another of tree planting and a consolidation of law and order. His internment would mark the end of an era in Egyptian history. Although the royal line was to continue, the vitality of the New Kingdom was all but spent, and never again would Egypt occupy such a lofty position on the world stage as it had done under the Thutmosides and earlier Ramesides.

The reign of Rameses IX; a signi?cant amount of work carried out at Karnak; The correct reconstruction of the last years of the Twentieth Dynasty; Details of royal tomb robberies in the Theban necropolis; Hypothesis that, on the demise of Rameses X, Rameses XI, who had been reigning in northern Egypt since the third year of Rameses IX, assumed authority over the whole of Egypt; Evidence for the succession of the royal line; Libyan consort of Herihor

The propagandistic intent of both the stela and the papyrus is thus clear, with the result that neither can be regarded uncritically as a source for the state of Egypt at the time Sethnakhte appeared on the scene. The reliability of the papyrus also suffers from its having been written more than three decades after the events in question. Sethnakhte's death marked the accession of his son Rameses III and the opening of the last phase of the history of the New Kingdom. The Libyan population of the western Delta continued to increase by peaceful infiltration and would later form the basis for a line of chieftains that would ultimately take the throne of Egypt. The renaissance represented by the reign of Rameses III was followed by a slow but steady decline under his successors, beginning with Rameses IV.

This chapter discusses the history of Egypt from Year 12 of Akhenaten to the beginning of the Nineteenth Dynasty. It summarises the evidence for the last five years of Akhenaten's reign, including the questions surrounding the dating and identity of his coregents Smenkhkare and Nefertiti, and then that for the reigns of Tutankhamun, Ay and Horemheb. It concludes with a consideration of the long-term impacts of Akhenaten's reign, including on royal ideology and on funerary practices.

This chapter details the first few generations of rulers under the Nineteenth Dynasty, beginning with Rameses I, his son Sethy I, and grandson Rameses II. Notably, the latter would embark on a reign that was to last sixty-seven years, the longest properly documented period of rule known from Egyptian history. The reigns of these three rulers were characterized by military activity—fitting, given how the dynastic founder, Ramses I (then the General Paramessu) had come from a military background, and had indeed been a colleague of Horemheb while the latter was still serving as army commander. Also a hallmark of this period was its artistic output, particularly during the reign of Sethy I.

This chapter describes in detail the scenery above Ckala'b'sheh. It also discusses the temple of the district, Dendoo'r. On the western side (Ghur'b Dendoo'r) is a temple of small dimensions and of the same age as the main part of the great temple of Ckala'b'sheh; the reign of Augustus. On the opposite side of the river is a small village called Gur'f Hhosey'n (or Jur'f Hhosey'n). Here is a large rock-temple, of the reign of Rameses 2^nd. This chapter also describes the temple of Dek'keh, and the remains opposite Dek'keh. Furthermore, it talks about the little temple of Ckoor'tch and the ruins of M'hhar'ruck'ah. Here, very near to the bank of the river, on the western side, is a ruined temple of the least ancient class. Finally, the chapter describes the scenery between M'hhar'ruck'ah and Wa'dee es-Sooboo'.

The accession of Merenptah was marked by the addition of uraeus to the brow of his several princely representations, and of a new text with his kingly titles to the monumental processions of the royal sons in the Ramesseum. It was also marked by the adoption of the new prenomen Baenre and the alternate epithets “beloved of Amun” and “beloved of gods.” The building works of Merenptah were widespread, although a considerable number of his monuments from the northern Delta it is clear have been moved and usurped by later rulers. Merenptah replaced Khaemwaset as crown prince, just as many years earlier, Amenhirkopeshef A was replaced on his death by his brothers Rameses B and Khaemwaset C. Messuy and Khaemtjitry are the two viceroys who served under Merenptah.