Victoria Duckett
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719099564
- eISBN:
- 9781526109767
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719099564.003.0006
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
Sarah Bernhardt’s Queen Elizabeth (Henri Desfontaines and Louis Mercanton, 1911) was an international popular success, released in the US as a headline attraction for the Famous Players company ...
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Sarah Bernhardt’s Queen Elizabeth (Henri Desfontaines and Louis Mercanton, 1911) was an international popular success, released in the US as a headline attraction for the Famous Players company founded by Charles Frohman and Adolph Zukor in order to distribute the film. It drew other theatrical stars to the cinema and helped to inaugurate the longer playing narrative film, furthering a new category of spectacle in cinema itself. Yet scholars and historians have long denounced Queen Elizabeth as anachronistic and stagey, material proof of its star’s inability to engage with film. Examining specific scenes and shots, this chapter will show that the film’s appropriation of a rich history of the stage, painting and literature challenges us to think of early cinema in new and provocative ways. The aim is not to uncover a lost masterpiece, but to demonstrate that only today, at a point at which we can discuss intermediality, transnational art forms and feminism as related undertakings, is it possible to explore Bernhardt’s “moving” Tudor Queen.Less
Sarah Bernhardt’s Queen Elizabeth (Henri Desfontaines and Louis Mercanton, 1911) was an international popular success, released in the US as a headline attraction for the Famous Players company founded by Charles Frohman and Adolph Zukor in order to distribute the film. It drew other theatrical stars to the cinema and helped to inaugurate the longer playing narrative film, furthering a new category of spectacle in cinema itself. Yet scholars and historians have long denounced Queen Elizabeth as anachronistic and stagey, material proof of its star’s inability to engage with film. Examining specific scenes and shots, this chapter will show that the film’s appropriation of a rich history of the stage, painting and literature challenges us to think of early cinema in new and provocative ways. The aim is not to uncover a lost masterpiece, but to demonstrate that only today, at a point at which we can discuss intermediality, transnational art forms and feminism as related undertakings, is it possible to explore Bernhardt’s “moving” Tudor Queen.
Anne Sweeney
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719074189
- eISBN:
- 9781781701195
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719074189.003.0007
- Subject:
- Literature, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature
This chapter explains how Southwell was able to do his pastoral duty and update the martyr imagery that was being spread in order to gain support for the Catholic cause. It studies his two last known ...
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This chapter explains how Southwell was able to do his pastoral duty and update the martyr imagery that was being spread in order to gain support for the Catholic cause. It studies his two last known written works which were created while he was still free, and shows that his talent for affective English rhetoric was used to emphasise the pathos and inhumanity of the events surrounding the dethroning of Mary, Queen of Scots. The chapter also studies Southwell's criticisms and political comments during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, which were skilfully disguised under the light lyrics of his poetry.Less
This chapter explains how Southwell was able to do his pastoral duty and update the martyr imagery that was being spread in order to gain support for the Catholic cause. It studies his two last known written works which were created while he was still free, and shows that his talent for affective English rhetoric was used to emphasise the pathos and inhumanity of the events surrounding the dethroning of Mary, Queen of Scots. The chapter also studies Southwell's criticisms and political comments during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, which were skilfully disguised under the light lyrics of his poetry.
H. K. Woudhuysen
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198129660
- eISBN:
- 9780191671821
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198129660.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature, 17th-century and Restoration Literature
This is a book about manuscripts; about the men and women who wrote, read, bought, sold, presented, and received them. It is also a book about paper, pen, and ink, and a book about those for whom ...
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This is a book about manuscripts; about the men and women who wrote, read, bought, sold, presented, and received them. It is also a book about paper, pen, and ink, and a book about those for whom writing by hand was a necessary and profitable part of their lives. Much of the writing described here took place at London, in the City and at court. This book began out of an interest in the text of Sir Philip Sidney's works, especially of his poems. The research for this book includes study of the production and circulation of manuscripts in England between the accession of Queen Elizabeth I and the eve of the Civil War. A comparative approach looking at manuscript publication throughout Europe during the Renaissance might provide clues for the student of English manuscripts.Less
This is a book about manuscripts; about the men and women who wrote, read, bought, sold, presented, and received them. It is also a book about paper, pen, and ink, and a book about those for whom writing by hand was a necessary and profitable part of their lives. Much of the writing described here took place at London, in the City and at court. This book began out of an interest in the text of Sir Philip Sidney's works, especially of his poems. The research for this book includes study of the production and circulation of manuscripts in England between the accession of Queen Elizabeth I and the eve of the Civil War. A comparative approach looking at manuscript publication throughout Europe during the Renaissance might provide clues for the student of English manuscripts.
Christopher Maginn
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199697151
- eISBN:
- 9780191739262
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199697151.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This book explores the complex relationship which existed between England and Ireland in the Tudor period using the long association of William Cecil (1520–98) with Ireland as a vehicle for ...
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This book explores the complex relationship which existed between England and Ireland in the Tudor period using the long association of William Cecil (1520–98) with Ireland as a vehicle for historical enquiry. That Cecil, Queen Elizabeth’s most trusted adviser and the most important figure in England after the queen herself, consistently devoted his attention and considerable energies to the kingdom of Ireland is a seldom‐explored aspect of his life and his place in the Tudor age. Yet amid his handling of a broad assortment of matters relating to England and Wales, the kingdom of Scotland, continental Europe, and beyond, William Cecil’s thoughts regularly turned to the kingdom of Ireland. He personally compiled genealogies of Ireland’s Irish and English families and pored over dozens of national and regional maps of Ireland. Cecil served as chancellor of Ireland’s first university and, most importantly for the historian, penned, received, and studied thousands of papers on subjects relating to Ireland and the crown’s political, economic, social, and religious policies there. Cecil would have understood all of this broadly as ‘Ireland matters’, a subject which he came to know in greater depth and detail than anyone at the court of Queen Elizabeth I. The book’s extended analysis of Cecil’s long relationship with Ireland helps to make sense of Anglo‐Irish interaction in Tudor times and shows that this relationship was characterized by more than the basic binary features of conquest and resistance. At another level, this book demonstrates that the second half of the sixteenth century witnessed the political, social, and cultural integration of Ireland into the multinational Tudor state and that it was William Cecil who, more than any other figure, consciously worked to achieve that integration.Less
This book explores the complex relationship which existed between England and Ireland in the Tudor period using the long association of William Cecil (1520–98) with Ireland as a vehicle for historical enquiry. That Cecil, Queen Elizabeth’s most trusted adviser and the most important figure in England after the queen herself, consistently devoted his attention and considerable energies to the kingdom of Ireland is a seldom‐explored aspect of his life and his place in the Tudor age. Yet amid his handling of a broad assortment of matters relating to England and Wales, the kingdom of Scotland, continental Europe, and beyond, William Cecil’s thoughts regularly turned to the kingdom of Ireland. He personally compiled genealogies of Ireland’s Irish and English families and pored over dozens of national and regional maps of Ireland. Cecil served as chancellor of Ireland’s first university and, most importantly for the historian, penned, received, and studied thousands of papers on subjects relating to Ireland and the crown’s political, economic, social, and religious policies there. Cecil would have understood all of this broadly as ‘Ireland matters’, a subject which he came to know in greater depth and detail than anyone at the court of Queen Elizabeth I. The book’s extended analysis of Cecil’s long relationship with Ireland helps to make sense of Anglo‐Irish interaction in Tudor times and shows that this relationship was characterized by more than the basic binary features of conquest and resistance. At another level, this book demonstrates that the second half of the sixteenth century witnessed the political, social, and cultural integration of Ireland into the multinational Tudor state and that it was William Cecil who, more than any other figure, consciously worked to achieve that integration.
Jayne Elisabeth Archer and Sarah Knight
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199673759
- eISBN:
- 9780191803697
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199673759.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature
This chapter provides an overview of the book's main themes. The chapters in this volume reflect current and future directions in research on the Elizabethan progresses. In differing ways, they ...
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This chapter provides an overview of the book's main themes. The chapters in this volume reflect current and future directions in research on the Elizabethan progresses. In differing ways, they reflect upon the progresses, entertainments, and pageants of Queen Elizabeth I as negotiations in power and meaning — a ceremonial dance in and through which hosts (civic and private), subjects, Queen, and Privy Counsellors compete to represent and advance their interests. The book is interdisciplinary, including work in history, literary history, drama and performance, art history, and antiquarian studies. It is divided into four broad, overlapping sections: patterns, themes, and contexts of the Elizabethan progresses; civic and academic receptions; private receptions; and the ‘afterlife’ of the Elizabethan progresses, as they were reinvented by subsequent generations.Less
This chapter provides an overview of the book's main themes. The chapters in this volume reflect current and future directions in research on the Elizabethan progresses. In differing ways, they reflect upon the progresses, entertainments, and pageants of Queen Elizabeth I as negotiations in power and meaning — a ceremonial dance in and through which hosts (civic and private), subjects, Queen, and Privy Counsellors compete to represent and advance their interests. The book is interdisciplinary, including work in history, literary history, drama and performance, art history, and antiquarian studies. It is divided into four broad, overlapping sections: patterns, themes, and contexts of the Elizabethan progresses; civic and academic receptions; private receptions; and the ‘afterlife’ of the Elizabethan progresses, as they were reinvented by subsequent generations.
Elisabeth Bronfen and Barbara Straumann
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719099564
- eISBN:
- 9781526109767
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719099564.003.0007
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
Elizabeth I anticipated the enmeshment between celebrity culture and political power that characterizes the modern diva. This chapter explores the ways that the body of the queen and its ...
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Elizabeth I anticipated the enmeshment between celebrity culture and political power that characterizes the modern diva. This chapter explores the ways that the body of the queen and its theatricalization intersect with the body of the modern film star, focusing on Flora Robson, Bette Davis and Cate Blanchett in their highly diverse enactments of this early modern monarch. Highlighting the double-voicing at play in cinema’s historical reimagination of Elizabeth I, it considers the political contexts in which she becomes culturally significant again (1930s national sovereignty, 1940s war eff01i, 1990s spin-doctoring). If the queen’s two bodies bring together her physical being and her symbolic mandate, the mediality of her material embodiment becomes foregrounded. Addressing the conflict between private person and public persona particular to female sovereignty, each of these film divas differently embodies the historical queen as a figure of twentieth century celebrity culture.Less
Elizabeth I anticipated the enmeshment between celebrity culture and political power that characterizes the modern diva. This chapter explores the ways that the body of the queen and its theatricalization intersect with the body of the modern film star, focusing on Flora Robson, Bette Davis and Cate Blanchett in their highly diverse enactments of this early modern monarch. Highlighting the double-voicing at play in cinema’s historical reimagination of Elizabeth I, it considers the political contexts in which she becomes culturally significant again (1930s national sovereignty, 1940s war eff01i, 1990s spin-doctoring). If the queen’s two bodies bring together her physical being and her symbolic mandate, the mediality of her material embodiment becomes foregrounded. Addressing the conflict between private person and public persona particular to female sovereignty, each of these film divas differently embodies the historical queen as a figure of twentieth century celebrity culture.
Mary Hill Cole
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199673759
- eISBN:
- 9780191803697
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199673759.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature
This chapter offers some purchase on the scope and nature of the otherwise sprawling, unwieldy phenomenon of Elizabethan progresses. Drawing on extant records in regional archives, it shows that the ...
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This chapter offers some purchase on the scope and nature of the otherwise sprawling, unwieldy phenomenon of Elizabethan progresses. Drawing on extant records in regional archives, it shows that the Elizabethan progresses afforded a unique opportunity for cities and towns to petition the Queen for grants, licences, charters, and privileges. Topics discussed include preparations for a progress; the role of hosts; the Queen's agenda and its limitations; and patterns of Elizabethan progresses.Less
This chapter offers some purchase on the scope and nature of the otherwise sprawling, unwieldy phenomenon of Elizabethan progresses. Drawing on extant records in regional archives, it shows that the Elizabethan progresses afforded a unique opportunity for cities and towns to petition the Queen for grants, licences, charters, and privileges. Topics discussed include preparations for a progress; the role of hosts; the Queen's agenda and its limitations; and patterns of Elizabethan progresses.
Patrick Collinson
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719084423
- eISBN:
- 9781781702031
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719084423.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This book is a response to a demand for a history which is no less social than political, investigating what it meant to be a citizen of England living through the 1570s and 1580s. It examines the ...
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This book is a response to a demand for a history which is no less social than political, investigating what it meant to be a citizen of England living through the 1570s and 1580s. It examines the growing conviction of ‘Englishness’ in the sixteenth century, through the rapidly developing English language; the reinforcement of cultural nationalism as a result of the Protestant Reformation; the national and international situation of England at a time of acute national catastrophe; and through Queen Elizabeth I, the last of her line, who remained unmarried throughout her reign, refusing to even discuss the succession to her throne. The book explores the conviction among leading Elizabethans that they were citizens and subjects, also responsible for the safety of their commonwealth. The tensions between this conviction, born from a childhood spent in the Renaissance classics and in the subjection to the Old Testament of the English Bible, and the dynastic claims of the Tudor monarchy, are all explored at length. Studies of a number of writers who fixed the image of sixteenth-century England for some time to come; Foxe, Camden and other pioneers of the discovery of England are also included.Less
This book is a response to a demand for a history which is no less social than political, investigating what it meant to be a citizen of England living through the 1570s and 1580s. It examines the growing conviction of ‘Englishness’ in the sixteenth century, through the rapidly developing English language; the reinforcement of cultural nationalism as a result of the Protestant Reformation; the national and international situation of England at a time of acute national catastrophe; and through Queen Elizabeth I, the last of her line, who remained unmarried throughout her reign, refusing to even discuss the succession to her throne. The book explores the conviction among leading Elizabethans that they were citizens and subjects, also responsible for the safety of their commonwealth. The tensions between this conviction, born from a childhood spent in the Renaissance classics and in the subjection to the Old Testament of the English Bible, and the dynastic claims of the Tudor monarchy, are all explored at length. Studies of a number of writers who fixed the image of sixteenth-century England for some time to come; Foxe, Camden and other pioneers of the discovery of England are also included.
Jayne Elisabeth Archer, Elizabeth Goldring, and Sarah Knight (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199673759
- eISBN:
- 9780191803697
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199673759.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature
More than any other English monarch before or since, Queen Elizabeth I used her annual progresses to shape her royal persona and to bolster her popularity and authority. During the spring and summer, ...
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More than any other English monarch before or since, Queen Elizabeth I used her annual progresses to shape her royal persona and to bolster her popularity and authority. During the spring and summer, accompanied by her court, Elizabeth toured southern England, the Midlands, and parts of the West Country, staying with private and civic hosts, and at the universities of Oxford and Cambridge. The progresses provided hosts with unique opportunities to impress and influence the Queen, and became occasions for magnificent and ingenious entertainments and pageants, drawing on the skills of architects, artists, and craftsmen, as well as dramatic performances, formal orations, poetic recitations, parades, masques, dances, and bear baiting. This book includes chapters which examine some of the principal Elizabethan progress entertainments, including the coronation pageant Veritas temporis filia (1559), Kenilworth (1575), Norwich (1578), Cowdray (1591), Bisham (1592), and Harefield (1602), while other chapters consider the themes raised by these events, including the ritual of gift-giving; the conduct of government whilst on progress; the significance of the visual arts in the entertainments; regional identity and militarism; elite and learned women as hosts; the circulation and publication of entertainment and pageant texts; the afterlife of the Elizabethan progresses, including their reappropriation in Caroline England and the documenting of Elizabeth's reign by late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century antiquarians such as John Nichols, who went on to compile the monumental The Progresses of Queen Elizabeth (1788–1823).Less
More than any other English monarch before or since, Queen Elizabeth I used her annual progresses to shape her royal persona and to bolster her popularity and authority. During the spring and summer, accompanied by her court, Elizabeth toured southern England, the Midlands, and parts of the West Country, staying with private and civic hosts, and at the universities of Oxford and Cambridge. The progresses provided hosts with unique opportunities to impress and influence the Queen, and became occasions for magnificent and ingenious entertainments and pageants, drawing on the skills of architects, artists, and craftsmen, as well as dramatic performances, formal orations, poetic recitations, parades, masques, dances, and bear baiting. This book includes chapters which examine some of the principal Elizabethan progress entertainments, including the coronation pageant Veritas temporis filia (1559), Kenilworth (1575), Norwich (1578), Cowdray (1591), Bisham (1592), and Harefield (1602), while other chapters consider the themes raised by these events, including the ritual of gift-giving; the conduct of government whilst on progress; the significance of the visual arts in the entertainments; regional identity and militarism; elite and learned women as hosts; the circulation and publication of entertainment and pageant texts; the afterlife of the Elizabethan progresses, including their reappropriation in Caroline England and the documenting of Elizabeth's reign by late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century antiquarians such as John Nichols, who went on to compile the monumental The Progresses of Queen Elizabeth (1788–1823).
Felicity Heal
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199673759
- eISBN:
- 9780191803697
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199673759.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature
This chapter examines in detail the ritual of gift-giving — an essential component of a royal visit — by which hosts sought to entangle the Queen within a relationship of mutual obligations. Despite ...
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This chapter examines in detail the ritual of gift-giving — an essential component of a royal visit — by which hosts sought to entangle the Queen within a relationship of mutual obligations. Despite their objections to the expense and disruption caused by the sometimes lengthy and chaotic summer progresses, Privy Counsellors could exploit these journeys into the regions in order to further their own policies and interests. Topics discussed include patterns of giving and receiving; the material gift; and whether prodigality was the norm for the Queen's hosts.Less
This chapter examines in detail the ritual of gift-giving — an essential component of a royal visit — by which hosts sought to entangle the Queen within a relationship of mutual obligations. Despite their objections to the expense and disruption caused by the sometimes lengthy and chaotic summer progresses, Privy Counsellors could exploit these journeys into the regions in order to further their own policies and interests. Topics discussed include patterns of giving and receiving; the material gift; and whether prodigality was the norm for the Queen's hosts.
Elizabeth Goldring
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199673759
- eISBN:
- 9780191803697
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199673759.003.0009
- Subject:
- Literature, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature
This chapter considers Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester's use of portraiture and maps, displayed in his picture gallery as part of the 1575 Kenilworth festivities, to promote visually his desire to ...
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This chapter considers Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester's use of portraiture and maps, displayed in his picture gallery as part of the 1575 Kenilworth festivities, to promote visually his desire to advance his interests — personal, political, and religious. It begins with an overview of the Earl's collection of paintings at Kenilworth and goes on to a reading of its central quartet of portraits in the context of the entertainments occasioned by Elizabeth's 1575 visit. It then considers the fate of Leicester's picture collection at Kenilworth after 1575, as well as its influence on subsequent Elizabethan progress entertainments, including those staged at Woodstock and Ditchley by Sir Henry Lee.Less
This chapter considers Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester's use of portraiture and maps, displayed in his picture gallery as part of the 1575 Kenilworth festivities, to promote visually his desire to advance his interests — personal, political, and religious. It begins with an overview of the Earl's collection of paintings at Kenilworth and goes on to a reading of its central quartet of portraits in the context of the entertainments occasioned by Elizabeth's 1575 visit. It then considers the fate of Leicester's picture collection at Kenilworth after 1575, as well as its influence on subsequent Elizabethan progress entertainments, including those staged at Woodstock and Ditchley by Sir Henry Lee.
Siobhan Keenan
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199673759
- eISBN:
- 9780191803697
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199673759.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature
This chapter examines Elizabeth's progresses to the English universities — Cambridge in 1564; Oxford in 1566 and 1592 — in order to identify the political advice proffered in the plays, orations, and ...
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This chapter examines Elizabeth's progresses to the English universities — Cambridge in 1564; Oxford in 1566 and 1592 — in order to identify the political advice proffered in the plays, orations, and debates performed before the Queen. It considers how the programme of entertainments was arranged, and what these royal visits and performances have to reveal about the relationship between the universities and the monarch, and the functions of her progress visits.Less
This chapter examines Elizabeth's progresses to the English universities — Cambridge in 1564; Oxford in 1566 and 1592 — in order to identify the political advice proffered in the plays, orations, and debates performed before the Queen. It considers how the programme of entertainments was arranged, and what these royal visits and performances have to reveal about the relationship between the universities and the monarch, and the functions of her progress visits.
Patrick Collinson
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199673759
- eISBN:
- 9780191803697
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199673759.003.0007
- Subject:
- Literature, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature
This chapter presents an account of the 1578 progress through East Anglia based, in part, on the correspondences of William Cecil, Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, and Francis Walsingham among ...
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This chapter presents an account of the 1578 progress through East Anglia based, in part, on the correspondences of William Cecil, Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, and Francis Walsingham among others. It addresses the politics — and, in particular, the religious factor in the politics — of the 1578 progress.Less
This chapter presents an account of the 1578 progress through East Anglia based, in part, on the correspondences of William Cecil, Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, and Francis Walsingham among others. It addresses the politics — and, in particular, the religious factor in the politics — of the 1578 progress.
R. B. Wernham
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198204435
- eISBN:
- 9780191676277
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198204435.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
The defeat of the Spanish Armada did not put an end to Spanish sea power, nor to Spain's ambitions in northern Europe. By the mid-1590s, Spain had recovered from the disaster of 1588, and the renewed ...
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The defeat of the Spanish Armada did not put an end to Spanish sea power, nor to Spain's ambitions in northern Europe. By the mid-1590s, Spain had recovered from the disaster of 1588, and the renewed naval wars together with the outbreak of rebellion in Ireland form the principal themes of this book. This book examines these major events of the last years of the Queen Elizabeth's reign and assesses their impact on English policy. It shows how much of the impetus in foreign policy derived from the Earl of Essex, whose personal ambition and practical incompetence brought frustration and danger, and ultimately led him through rebellion to the Scaffold. It was left to Mountjoy in Ireland, to Leveson and a new generation of sea commanders, and above all to Robert Cecil, to bring war and rebellion to a reasonably satisfactory conclusion.Less
The defeat of the Spanish Armada did not put an end to Spanish sea power, nor to Spain's ambitions in northern Europe. By the mid-1590s, Spain had recovered from the disaster of 1588, and the renewed naval wars together with the outbreak of rebellion in Ireland form the principal themes of this book. This book examines these major events of the last years of the Queen Elizabeth's reign and assesses their impact on English policy. It shows how much of the impetus in foreign policy derived from the Earl of Essex, whose personal ambition and practical incompetence brought frustration and danger, and ultimately led him through rebellion to the Scaffold. It was left to Mountjoy in Ireland, to Leveson and a new generation of sea commanders, and above all to Robert Cecil, to bring war and rebellion to a reasonably satisfactory conclusion.
James D. Tracy
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199209118
- eISBN:
- 9780191706134
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199209118.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
As towns and provinces fell away, the Council of State recruited troops from France, from Germany, and from England, where Elizabeth I named the earl of Leicester as governor in the Low Countries, in ...
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As towns and provinces fell away, the Council of State recruited troops from France, from Germany, and from England, where Elizabeth I named the earl of Leicester as governor in the Low Countries, in keeping with the Treaty of Nonsuch (August 1585). Some contingents never came; those that did could not blunt Parma's advance. Meanwhile, the Lords States of Holland husbanded their resources for needs of the Union of Utrecht: garrisons at the “gateways” to Holland were paid regularly, those in Brussels were not. When Nijmegen went over to Spain, breaching the line of the Waal, funds were found to hold the line of the Rhine. This strategy did not counter Parma's, but it worked as well; at key points in Gelderland and Overijssel, the forward frontier was secured. As a protected island of peace in a sea of war, Holland would prosper as never before.Less
As towns and provinces fell away, the Council of State recruited troops from France, from Germany, and from England, where Elizabeth I named the earl of Leicester as governor in the Low Countries, in keeping with the Treaty of Nonsuch (August 1585). Some contingents never came; those that did could not blunt Parma's advance. Meanwhile, the Lords States of Holland husbanded their resources for needs of the Union of Utrecht: garrisons at the “gateways” to Holland were paid regularly, those in Brussels were not. When Nijmegen went over to Spain, breaching the line of the Waal, funds were found to hold the line of the Rhine. This strategy did not counter Parma's, but it worked as well; at key points in Gelderland and Overijssel, the forward frontier was secured. As a protected island of peace in a sea of war, Holland would prosper as never before.
Farah Karim-Cooper
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748619931
- eISBN:
- 9780748652204
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748619931.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, Shakespeare Studies
This chapter presents a context for the dramatic appropriation and revaluation of cosmetic signifiers by examining the religious, political and social opposition to cosmetics as well as some of the ...
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This chapter presents a context for the dramatic appropriation and revaluation of cosmetic signifiers by examining the religious, political and social opposition to cosmetics as well as some of the recipes, which provide a unique history of the materials and technology of beauty. Polemicists argued that face paints, lip colours, wigs, perfumes and other accessories which serve to alter or enhance the external body destroyed divine workmanship. Women of all social backgrounds wore cosmetics in the early modern period. Prostitutes were particularly notorious for their painted faces. Queen Elizabeth I, before Princess Diana, was the most gazed-upon monarch in English history. She did not begin to paint her face until she was established on the throne. It was her youthful appearance that she tried so desperately to maintain, curiously using fabric to puff out her cheeks. The Queen's painted face haunts many dramatic representations of face painting and painted ladies.Less
This chapter presents a context for the dramatic appropriation and revaluation of cosmetic signifiers by examining the religious, political and social opposition to cosmetics as well as some of the recipes, which provide a unique history of the materials and technology of beauty. Polemicists argued that face paints, lip colours, wigs, perfumes and other accessories which serve to alter or enhance the external body destroyed divine workmanship. Women of all social backgrounds wore cosmetics in the early modern period. Prostitutes were particularly notorious for their painted faces. Queen Elizabeth I, before Princess Diana, was the most gazed-upon monarch in English history. She did not begin to paint her face until she was established on the throne. It was her youthful appearance that she tried so desperately to maintain, curiously using fabric to puff out her cheeks. The Queen's painted face haunts many dramatic representations of face painting and painted ladies.
C. E. McGee
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199673759
- eISBN:
- 9780191803697
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199673759.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature
This chapter goes back to the 1570s, where civic theatre in the provinces was transformed for, and by, Elizabethan progresses. The shows produced by provincial towns and cities for Elizabeth I in ...
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This chapter goes back to the 1570s, where civic theatre in the provinces was transformed for, and by, Elizabethan progresses. The shows produced by provincial towns and cities for Elizabeth I in those years differed in crucial ways from those that they presented to her forebears. Norwich and Bristol, not trusting to their own playwrights or to local theatrical resources, imported outsiders to write their shows, imported courtly forms of entertainment to replace civic drama, and privileged the monarch's agenda as if it were more important than their own. The result was a militarization of provincial civic pageantry and theatre in accordance with the Elizabethan project of building, and defending, a strong Protestant nation.Less
This chapter goes back to the 1570s, where civic theatre in the provinces was transformed for, and by, Elizabethan progresses. The shows produced by provincial towns and cities for Elizabeth I in those years differed in crucial ways from those that they presented to her forebears. Norwich and Bristol, not trusting to their own playwrights or to local theatrical resources, imported outsiders to write their shows, imported courtly forms of entertainment to replace civic drama, and privileged the monarch's agenda as if it were more important than their own. The result was a militarization of provincial civic pageantry and theatre in accordance with the Elizabethan project of building, and defending, a strong Protestant nation.
Diarmaid MacCulloch
- Published in print:
- 1986
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198229148
- eISBN:
- 9780191678868
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198229148.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter discusses the differences between Queen Elizabeth I's reign and that of her predecessors. The important people who surrounded the reigning monarch are highlighted in this chapter. The ...
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This chapter discusses the differences between Queen Elizabeth I's reign and that of her predecessors. The important people who surrounded the reigning monarch are highlighted in this chapter. The effects of the rise of a new monarch in Suffolk are discussed as well. Unlike other gentries in Suffolk, the gentry of east Suffolk seemed to have been more ready to seek the rewards of office at the royal court. One significant fact provided in this discussion is that the group that provided the largest number of knights of the shire was also that with the closest and most enduring contacts with the Elizabethan court and central government.Less
This chapter discusses the differences between Queen Elizabeth I's reign and that of her predecessors. The important people who surrounded the reigning monarch are highlighted in this chapter. The effects of the rise of a new monarch in Suffolk are discussed as well. Unlike other gentries in Suffolk, the gentry of east Suffolk seemed to have been more ready to seek the rewards of office at the royal court. One significant fact provided in this discussion is that the group that provided the largest number of knights of the shire was also that with the closest and most enduring contacts with the Elizabethan court and central government.
Elizabeth Heale
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199673759
- eISBN:
- 9780191803697
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199673759.003.0010
- Subject:
- Literature, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature
This chapter examines the Queen's visit to Cowdray in 1591. It looks at the imaginative, yet surprisingly bold, strategies of the 1591 entertainment, in terms of a contest over representations of ...
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This chapter examines the Queen's visit to Cowdray in 1591. It looks at the imaginative, yet surprisingly bold, strategies of the 1591 entertainment, in terms of a contest over representations of Catholicism and of loyalty that had characterized Lord Montague's relationship with the Elizabethan government from the earliest years of the reign. It was a contest in which neither side had any interest in provoking the other too far. However, as the entertainment acknowledged, the final power of representation lay with the Queen.Less
This chapter examines the Queen's visit to Cowdray in 1591. It looks at the imaginative, yet surprisingly bold, strategies of the 1591 entertainment, in terms of a contest over representations of Catholicism and of loyalty that had characterized Lord Montague's relationship with the Elizabethan government from the earliest years of the reign. It was a contest in which neither side had any interest in provoking the other too far. However, as the entertainment acknowledged, the final power of representation lay with the Queen.
Peter Davidson and Jane Stevenson
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199673759
- eISBN:
- 9780191803697
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199673759.003.0011
- Subject:
- Literature, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature
This chapter examines the Bisham entertainment of 1592 in the context of Elizabeth, Lady Russell's lifelong programme of self-promotion, which took in funeral inscriptions, Latin verse, and the ...
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This chapter examines the Bisham entertainment of 1592 in the context of Elizabeth, Lady Russell's lifelong programme of self-promotion, which took in funeral inscriptions, Latin verse, and the commissioning of funerary monuments. In so doing, it not only sheds new light on the 1592 entertainment at Bisham, but also posits the concept of ‘devisership’ as a new category of early modern women's cultural production.Less
This chapter examines the Bisham entertainment of 1592 in the context of Elizabeth, Lady Russell's lifelong programme of self-promotion, which took in funeral inscriptions, Latin verse, and the commissioning of funerary monuments. In so doing, it not only sheds new light on the 1592 entertainment at Bisham, but also posits the concept of ‘devisership’ as a new category of early modern women's cultural production.