Tony Prosser
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199644537
- eISBN:
- 9780191747816
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199644537.003.0005
- Subject:
- Law, Company and Commercial Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
Public expenditure is a relatively neglected area for constitutional examination in the UK. This chapter describes the constitutional principles which may apply to public spending, and the ...
More
Public expenditure is a relatively neglected area for constitutional examination in the UK. This chapter describes the constitutional principles which may apply to public spending, and the administrative controls which operate; particular attention is given to the Spending Review process which is now of fundamental importance in shaping government and administration and in attempting to secure a coherent approach across government. The UK process is compared to that in Scotland and it is argued that the latter is a more open and participative process. There is also an account of the audit and scrutiny of expenditure through the work of the National Audit Office and of the Public Accounts Committee, and of recent innovations such as resource accounting and budgeting and whole of government accounts.Less
Public expenditure is a relatively neglected area for constitutional examination in the UK. This chapter describes the constitutional principles which may apply to public spending, and the administrative controls which operate; particular attention is given to the Spending Review process which is now of fundamental importance in shaping government and administration and in attempting to secure a coherent approach across government. The UK process is compared to that in Scotland and it is argued that the latter is a more open and participative process. There is also an account of the audit and scrutiny of expenditure through the work of the National Audit Office and of the Public Accounts Committee, and of recent innovations such as resource accounting and budgeting and whole of government accounts.
Daniel Stevens and Nick Vaughan-Williams
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780719096068
- eISBN:
- 9781526120953
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719096068.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Security Studies
This book explores citizens’ perceptions and experiences of security threats in contemporary Britain, drawing on perspectives from International Security Studies and Political Psychology. The ...
More
This book explores citizens’ perceptions and experiences of security threats in contemporary Britain, drawing on perspectives from International Security Studies and Political Psychology. The empirical chapters are based on twenty focus groups across six British cities and a large sample survey conducted between April and September 2012. These data are used to investigate the extent to which diverse publics share government framings of certain issues as the most pressing security threats, to assess the origins of perceptions of specific security threats ranging from terrorism to environmental degradation, to investigate what makes some people feel more threatened by these issues than others, to examine the effects of threats on other areas of politics such as harbouring stereotypes of minorities or prioritising public spending on border control over health, and to evaluate the effectiveness of government messages about security threats and attempts to change citizens’ behaviour as part of the risk management cycle. The book demonstrates widespread heterogeneity in perceptions of issues as security threats and in their origins, with implications for the extent to which shared understandings of threats are an attainable goal. The concluding chapter summarises the findings and discusses their implications for government and public opinion in the future. While this study focuses on the British case, its combination of quantitative and qualitative methods seeks to make broader theoretical and methodological contributions to scholarship produced in Political Science, International Relations, Political Psychology, and Security Studies.Less
This book explores citizens’ perceptions and experiences of security threats in contemporary Britain, drawing on perspectives from International Security Studies and Political Psychology. The empirical chapters are based on twenty focus groups across six British cities and a large sample survey conducted between April and September 2012. These data are used to investigate the extent to which diverse publics share government framings of certain issues as the most pressing security threats, to assess the origins of perceptions of specific security threats ranging from terrorism to environmental degradation, to investigate what makes some people feel more threatened by these issues than others, to examine the effects of threats on other areas of politics such as harbouring stereotypes of minorities or prioritising public spending on border control over health, and to evaluate the effectiveness of government messages about security threats and attempts to change citizens’ behaviour as part of the risk management cycle. The book demonstrates widespread heterogeneity in perceptions of issues as security threats and in their origins, with implications for the extent to which shared understandings of threats are an attainable goal. The concluding chapter summarises the findings and discusses their implications for government and public opinion in the future. While this study focuses on the British case, its combination of quantitative and qualitative methods seeks to make broader theoretical and methodological contributions to scholarship produced in Political Science, International Relations, Political Psychology, and Security Studies.
Philippe Grandjean
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199985388
- eISBN:
- 9780199346233
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199985388.003.0008
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
Brain damage is not just a biochemical effect or physiological change, as the brain is crucial for who we are and what we can achieve. Economists argue that cost estimates are necessary to prioritize ...
More
Brain damage is not just a biochemical effect or physiological change, as the brain is crucial for who we are and what we can achieve. Economists argue that cost estimates are necessary to prioritize allocation of public spending. Thus, intelligence can be expressed in terms of life-time earnings that increase at higher intelligence quotients. Costs in terms of health care, special education, delinquency, and other problems can be expressed in terms of dollars. For the few chemicals with detailed information available, calculations suggest that brain drain costs us billions of dollars per year. These costs do not include the suffering of exposed children and their families.Less
Brain damage is not just a biochemical effect or physiological change, as the brain is crucial for who we are and what we can achieve. Economists argue that cost estimates are necessary to prioritize allocation of public spending. Thus, intelligence can be expressed in terms of life-time earnings that increase at higher intelligence quotients. Costs in terms of health care, special education, delinquency, and other problems can be expressed in terms of dollars. For the few chemicals with detailed information available, calculations suggest that brain drain costs us billions of dollars per year. These costs do not include the suffering of exposed children and their families.
