Eva Lloyd and Helen Penn (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781847429339
- eISBN:
- 9781447307679
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847429339.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
The viability, quality and sustainability of publicly supported early childhood education and care services is a lively issue in many countries, especially since the rights of the child imply equal ...
More
The viability, quality and sustainability of publicly supported early childhood education and care services is a lively issue in many countries, especially since the rights of the child imply equal access to provision for all young children. But equitable provision within childcare markets is highly problematic, as parents pay for what they can afford and parental income inequalities persist or widen. This book presents recent, significant research from eight nations where childcare markets are the norm. It also includes research about ‘raw’ and ‘emerging’ childcare markets operating with a minimum of government intervention, mostly in low income countries or post transition economies. Childcare markets compares these childcare marketisation and regulatory processes and the format of any public investment across the political and economic systems in which they are embedded. Contributions from economists, childcare policy specialists and educationalists address the question of what constraints need to be in place if childcare markets are to deliver an equitable service. Evidence is presented that marketisation and privatisation, including corporatisation, risk deepening, consolidating or widening inequalities of access to early childhood education and care provision and driving qualitative differences between types of provider. The book documents the varied economic and policy backdrops of current childcare market systems, examines their consequences for parents, children, providers and the systems themselves, and finally explores alternative approaches.Less
The viability, quality and sustainability of publicly supported early childhood education and care services is a lively issue in many countries, especially since the rights of the child imply equal access to provision for all young children. But equitable provision within childcare markets is highly problematic, as parents pay for what they can afford and parental income inequalities persist or widen. This book presents recent, significant research from eight nations where childcare markets are the norm. It also includes research about ‘raw’ and ‘emerging’ childcare markets operating with a minimum of government intervention, mostly in low income countries or post transition economies. Childcare markets compares these childcare marketisation and regulatory processes and the format of any public investment across the political and economic systems in which they are embedded. Contributions from economists, childcare policy specialists and educationalists address the question of what constraints need to be in place if childcare markets are to deliver an equitable service. Evidence is presented that marketisation and privatisation, including corporatisation, risk deepening, consolidating or widening inequalities of access to early childhood education and care provision and driving qualitative differences between types of provider. The book documents the varied economic and policy backdrops of current childcare market systems, examines their consequences for parents, children, providers and the systems themselves, and finally explores alternative approaches.
Andrew Farlow
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- April 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199578016
- eISBN:
- 9780191808623
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199578016.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
This chapter examines the rescue efforts put up by policymakers in the United States and around the world to address the financial crisis of 2008. It first considers the policymakers' use of ...
More
This chapter examines the rescue efforts put up by policymakers in the United States and around the world to address the financial crisis of 2008. It first considers the policymakers' use of taxpayers' money to stretch their existing deposit insurance schemes that guaranteed depositors up to specified limits. In particular, it looks at guarantee schemes aimed at capping the ‘toxic asset’ losses of financial institutions, such as the Asset Guarantee Program in the United States and the Asset Protection Scheme in the UK. The chapter then discusses government capital injections that followed stress tests, along with the US Treasury's Public-Private Investment Program designed to rescue ailing banks by facilitating price discovery in the markets for legacy commercial mortgage-backed securities and non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities. It also analyzes the proposal to break old failed banks into ‘good’ and ‘bad’ new banks before concluding with an assessment of whether the bank rescue worked and how it worked.Less
This chapter examines the rescue efforts put up by policymakers in the United States and around the world to address the financial crisis of 2008. It first considers the policymakers' use of taxpayers' money to stretch their existing deposit insurance schemes that guaranteed depositors up to specified limits. In particular, it looks at guarantee schemes aimed at capping the ‘toxic asset’ losses of financial institutions, such as the Asset Guarantee Program in the United States and the Asset Protection Scheme in the UK. The chapter then discusses government capital injections that followed stress tests, along with the US Treasury's Public-Private Investment Program designed to rescue ailing banks by facilitating price discovery in the markets for legacy commercial mortgage-backed securities and non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities. It also analyzes the proposal to break old failed banks into ‘good’ and ‘bad’ new banks before concluding with an assessment of whether the bank rescue worked and how it worked.
Licinio Velasco and Armando Castelar Pinheiro
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781447306849
- eISBN:
- 9781447310976
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447306849.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
This chapter focus on the public development bank and offer a historical analysis of the privatisation of State enterprises in Brazil through the – initially circumstantial – activities of the ...
More
This chapter focus on the public development bank and offer a historical analysis of the privatisation of State enterprises in Brazil through the – initially circumstantial – activities of the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) in developing the models for the transfer of ownership deployed particularly by the administrations of Fernando Henrique Cardoso in line with macroeconomic adjustment in the 1990s. The long period of divestment of major assets converged with the steadily growing authority and capacity of the BNDES and its technical staff to nurture each cycle of government with information and solutions for decision making. Despite the complexity of the factors that impelled and restrained cycles of privatisation under different governments, the authors highlight the capacity of the BNDES to influence the process, motivated both by interest as a quota-holder and by its policy agenda. The diagnoses, analyses and recommendations produced by its more strategic technical staff were crucial in reducing vetoes and taking circumstantial opportunities.Less
This chapter focus on the public development bank and offer a historical analysis of the privatisation of State enterprises in Brazil through the – initially circumstantial – activities of the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) in developing the models for the transfer of ownership deployed particularly by the administrations of Fernando Henrique Cardoso in line with macroeconomic adjustment in the 1990s. The long period of divestment of major assets converged with the steadily growing authority and capacity of the BNDES and its technical staff to nurture each cycle of government with information and solutions for decision making. Despite the complexity of the factors that impelled and restrained cycles of privatisation under different governments, the authors highlight the capacity of the BNDES to influence the process, motivated both by interest as a quota-holder and by its policy agenda. The diagnoses, analyses and recommendations produced by its more strategic technical staff were crucial in reducing vetoes and taking circumstantial opportunities.
