D. R. M. Irving
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195378269
- eISBN:
- 9780199864614
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195378269.003.0008
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter examines six areas of musical performance that were governed or influenced by ecclesiastical decrees or governmental legislation: Asian musics, vernacular‐language vocal music in sacred ...
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This chapter examines six areas of musical performance that were governed or influenced by ecclesiastical decrees or governmental legislation: Asian musics, vernacular‐language vocal music in sacred contexts (such as villancicos), musical practices for Marian devotions, liturgical music and the use of instruments in churches, theatrical performances, and music in processions, celebrations, and feasts. It draws on sources including manuals published by religious orders for the regulation of parochial life, religious statutes and ordinances, Papal Bulls, royal decrees, and archiepiscopal decrees. It also examines musical references found in the proceedings of the Provincial Council of Manila (1771) and the Synod of Calasiao (1773).Less
This chapter examines six areas of musical performance that were governed or influenced by ecclesiastical decrees or governmental legislation: Asian musics, vernacular‐language vocal music in sacred contexts (such as villancicos), musical practices for Marian devotions, liturgical music and the use of instruments in churches, theatrical performances, and music in processions, celebrations, and feasts. It draws on sources including manuals published by religious orders for the regulation of parochial life, religious statutes and ordinances, Papal Bulls, royal decrees, and archiepiscopal decrees. It also examines musical references found in the proceedings of the Provincial Council of Manila (1771) and the Synod of Calasiao (1773).
James D. Tracy
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199209118
- eISBN:
- 9780191706134
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199209118.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
Wars with France made Charles V's government in Brussels dependent on the creditworthiness of the provinces. The provincial states issued long‐term bonds (underline renten), using the capital to pay ...
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Wars with France made Charles V's government in Brussels dependent on the creditworthiness of the provinces. The provincial states issued long‐term bonds (underline renten), using the capital to pay off high‐interest bankers' loans, but the states (not the central government) collected the taxes by which bonds were funded. By 1557 things looked so desperate that Philip II summoned the States General—a risk his father had carefully avoided. While the revenue plan adopted was found to be unworkable, the fact that the larger assembly had been convened to deliberate on high policy did much to enhance its prestige. Meanwhile, Antwerp's bankers followed the money; they dealt not with government officials (who now had little disposable revenue) but with the provincial parliaments.Less
Wars with France made Charles V's government in Brussels dependent on the creditworthiness of the provinces. The provincial states issued long‐term bonds (underline renten), using the capital to pay off high‐interest bankers' loans, but the states (not the central government) collected the taxes by which bonds were funded. By 1557 things looked so desperate that Philip II summoned the States General—a risk his father had carefully avoided. While the revenue plan adopted was found to be unworkable, the fact that the larger assembly had been convened to deliberate on high policy did much to enhance its prestige. Meanwhile, Antwerp's bankers followed the money; they dealt not with government officials (who now had little disposable revenue) but with the provincial parliaments.
James D. Tracy
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199209118
- eISBN:
- 9780191706134
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199209118.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
When Prince Philip toured the Low Countries in 1549, lavish festivities allowed him to greet the great nobles who commanded Habsburg armies in the region, including young William of Orange. He also ...
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When Prince Philip toured the Low Countries in 1549, lavish festivities allowed him to greet the great nobles who commanded Habsburg armies in the region, including young William of Orange. He also met the bankers, based in Antwerp, whose loans kept Habsburg armies marching, while eating up revenues, often pledged far in advance. From Castile Philip knew the ways of nobles and bankers. But nothing there prepared him for the politics of this country, a loose union of semi‐autonomous provinces; as heir apparent to Charles V, Philip had to be acclaimed separately by each local parliament, as duke of Brabant, count of Flanders, count of Holland and Zeeland, etc. Moreover, in solemn entries laid on by the towns, His Catholic Majesty had unpleasant reminders that Protestant doctrine was making inroads.Less
When Prince Philip toured the Low Countries in 1549, lavish festivities allowed him to greet the great nobles who commanded Habsburg armies in the region, including young William of Orange. He also met the bankers, based in Antwerp, whose loans kept Habsburg armies marching, while eating up revenues, often pledged far in advance. From Castile Philip knew the ways of nobles and bankers. But nothing there prepared him for the politics of this country, a loose union of semi‐autonomous provinces; as heir apparent to Charles V, Philip had to be acclaimed separately by each local parliament, as duke of Brabant, count of Flanders, count of Holland and Zeeland, etc. Moreover, in solemn entries laid on by the towns, His Catholic Majesty had unpleasant reminders that Protestant doctrine was making inroads.
Katy Layton-Jones
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719099694
- eISBN:
- 9781526104038
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719099694.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
Drawing on images that shaped the popular perception of British towns between 1780 and 1880, Beyond the Metropolis challenges enduring misconceptions about urbanization, its representation, and ...
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Drawing on images that shaped the popular perception of British towns between 1780 and 1880, Beyond the Metropolis challenges enduring misconceptions about urbanization, its representation, and interpretation throughout the long nineteenth century. Over the past century, historical reality has merged seamlessly with mythology, literature, and caricature, to create a dramatic, but utterly misleading representation of our urban past. Dark satanic mills, cobbled streets, and cholera have become common shorthand for the nineteenth-century British town. Yet, there is little to suggest that the Urban Renaissance identified by Peter Borsay ended in 1770, or that every town in Britain experienced the same topographical consequences of expansion. Using engaging and diverse evidence, including souvenirs, pocket panoramas, and ceramics, this book investigates the relationship between pictorial convention, visual innovation, and urban identity. In contrast to myriad publications that address London exclusively, it examines images that reflect the growing political, social, and cultural significance of British provincial towns in the wake of the Industrial Revolution. Covering locations from Bristol to Leeds, Glasgow to Birmingham, and Manchester to Swansea, it reveals a complex and compelling new narrative of British urbanisation. Subjects that currently enjoy the attention of historians, planners, and politicians alike, including public space, popular protest, civic identity, and residential development, are approached from unfamiliar vantage points provided by hitherto under-researched sources. The result is a timely and persuasive re-evaluation of the British city, its changing form, representation, and impact.Less
Drawing on images that shaped the popular perception of British towns between 1780 and 1880, Beyond the Metropolis challenges enduring misconceptions about urbanization, its representation, and interpretation throughout the long nineteenth century. Over the past century, historical reality has merged seamlessly with mythology, literature, and caricature, to create a dramatic, but utterly misleading representation of our urban past. Dark satanic mills, cobbled streets, and cholera have become common shorthand for the nineteenth-century British town. Yet, there is little to suggest that the Urban Renaissance identified by Peter Borsay ended in 1770, or that every town in Britain experienced the same topographical consequences of expansion. Using engaging and diverse evidence, including souvenirs, pocket panoramas, and ceramics, this book investigates the relationship between pictorial convention, visual innovation, and urban identity. In contrast to myriad publications that address London exclusively, it examines images that reflect the growing political, social, and cultural significance of British provincial towns in the wake of the Industrial Revolution. Covering locations from Bristol to Leeds, Glasgow to Birmingham, and Manchester to Swansea, it reveals a complex and compelling new narrative of British urbanisation. Subjects that currently enjoy the attention of historians, planners, and politicians alike, including public space, popular protest, civic identity, and residential development, are approached from unfamiliar vantage points provided by hitherto under-researched sources. The result is a timely and persuasive re-evaluation of the British city, its changing form, representation, and impact.
Toba Singer
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780813044026
- eISBN:
- 9780813046259
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813044026.003.0026
- Subject:
- Music, Dance
Two Ballet Nacional de Cuba principal dancers, Lázaro Carreño and his nephew Yoel, compare how they experienced Fernando as a teacher and a coach during the different generations to which they ...
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Two Ballet Nacional de Cuba principal dancers, Lázaro Carreño and his nephew Yoel, compare how they experienced Fernando as a teacher and a coach during the different generations to which they belonged, his emphasis on detail and discipline and insuring that steps and production values not be lost or compromised over time emphasizing that current dancers need to learn for the first time certain approaches that older dancers absorbed from Fernando from the very beginning of their dance education.Less
Two Ballet Nacional de Cuba principal dancers, Lázaro Carreño and his nephew Yoel, compare how they experienced Fernando as a teacher and a coach during the different generations to which they belonged, his emphasis on detail and discipline and insuring that steps and production values not be lost or compromised over time emphasizing that current dancers need to learn for the first time certain approaches that older dancers absorbed from Fernando from the very beginning of their dance education.
H. Leith Spencer
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198112037
- eISBN:
- 9780191670664
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198112037.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, Early and Medieval Literature
This chapter discusses preaching of the gospel and the conflict between lay education and censorship. It describes the heretical preaching which the Church associates with John Wyclif. The Lollards ...
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This chapter discusses preaching of the gospel and the conflict between lay education and censorship. It describes the heretical preaching which the Church associates with John Wyclif. The Lollards or followers of Wyclif began circulating vernacular translations of the Bible which enabled those who are literate in English to read the Bible. Thomas Arundel, Archbishop of Canterbury, by means of his Provincial Constitutions, imposed restrictions on unlicensed preaching and circulation of vernacular scriptures.Less
This chapter discusses preaching of the gospel and the conflict between lay education and censorship. It describes the heretical preaching which the Church associates with John Wyclif. The Lollards or followers of Wyclif began circulating vernacular translations of the Bible which enabled those who are literate in English to read the Bible. Thomas Arundel, Archbishop of Canterbury, by means of his Provincial Constitutions, imposed restrictions on unlicensed preaching and circulation of vernacular scriptures.
Roy Hora
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198208846
- eISBN:
- 9780191678158
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208846.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
During the 1880s, the estancieros had been almost united in their political views: whatever their personal feelings towards the Partido Autonomista Nacional government, they all realized that ...
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During the 1880s, the estancieros had been almost united in their political views: whatever their personal feelings towards the Partido Autonomista Nacional government, they all realized that challenging the political elite was a difficult task. Criticism of the government was not uncommon in landed circles. However, the landowners never attempted to take an active stance in politics, a form of self-denial for which there were solid reasons. During the 1890s a more cohesive, potentially more hegemonic landed class undertook the formation of a political party, the Unión Provincial. This chapter explores the emergence and performance of estanciero-based political parties in Argentina. More generally, the relationship between political power and the landed class is scrutinized, as is the landowners' attitude towards the development of domestic industry and protectionist economic policy. This chapter also looks at Defensa Rural, a political party launched by landowners to provide the propertied classes of Buenos Aires with a weapon to parry the government's attacks on the rural interest.Less
During the 1880s, the estancieros had been almost united in their political views: whatever their personal feelings towards the Partido Autonomista Nacional government, they all realized that challenging the political elite was a difficult task. Criticism of the government was not uncommon in landed circles. However, the landowners never attempted to take an active stance in politics, a form of self-denial for which there were solid reasons. During the 1890s a more cohesive, potentially more hegemonic landed class undertook the formation of a political party, the Unión Provincial. This chapter explores the emergence and performance of estanciero-based political parties in Argentina. More generally, the relationship between political power and the landed class is scrutinized, as is the landowners' attitude towards the development of domestic industry and protectionist economic policy. This chapter also looks at Defensa Rural, a political party launched by landowners to provide the propertied classes of Buenos Aires with a weapon to parry the government's attacks on the rural interest.
Kit Morrell
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- June 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198755142
- eISBN:
- 9780191816512
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198755142.001.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
This book examines attempts to improve provincial governance from 70–50, particularly the contributions of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus and the younger Marcus Porcius Cato. It contends that Romans of the ...
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This book examines attempts to improve provincial governance from 70–50, particularly the contributions of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus and the younger Marcus Porcius Cato. It contends that Romans of the late republic were more concerned about the problems of their empire than is generally recognized, and were taking steps to address them. These efforts ranged well beyond the sanctions of the extortion law to encompass show trials, exemplary governance, and ideas drawn from moral philosophy, culminating in 52–50 in a reform programme which combined what Cicero called ‘Cato’s policy’ of ethical governance with Pompey’s lex de provinciis, a law which transformed the very nature of provincial command. The book also demonstrates that Pompey and Cato, two figures usually seen as combatants, were capable of collaborating in the cause of reform. The opening chapters examine Pompey’s engagement with problems of imperial governance in his first consulship and in his eastern campaigns, and Cato’s Stoic view of empire. Next, attention turns to the extortion law passed by Julius Caesar in 59 and subsequent attempts by Pompey and Cato to extend its penalties to equestrian officials. The final chapters detail the aims, context, legislative framework, and implementation of the reform programme pursued by Pompey, Cato, and others in 52–50, from the catalyzing effect of Marcus Crassus’ defeat in Parthia to Cato and Cicero’s efforts to promote a new ethos of provincial governance. This programme was cut short by civil war, but provided an important model for Augustus’ reforms.Less
This book examines attempts to improve provincial governance from 70–50, particularly the contributions of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus and the younger Marcus Porcius Cato. It contends that Romans of the late republic were more concerned about the problems of their empire than is generally recognized, and were taking steps to address them. These efforts ranged well beyond the sanctions of the extortion law to encompass show trials, exemplary governance, and ideas drawn from moral philosophy, culminating in 52–50 in a reform programme which combined what Cicero called ‘Cato’s policy’ of ethical governance with Pompey’s lex de provinciis, a law which transformed the very nature of provincial command. The book also demonstrates that Pompey and Cato, two figures usually seen as combatants, were capable of collaborating in the cause of reform. The opening chapters examine Pompey’s engagement with problems of imperial governance in his first consulship and in his eastern campaigns, and Cato’s Stoic view of empire. Next, attention turns to the extortion law passed by Julius Caesar in 59 and subsequent attempts by Pompey and Cato to extend its penalties to equestrian officials. The final chapters detail the aims, context, legislative framework, and implementation of the reform programme pursued by Pompey, Cato, and others in 52–50, from the catalyzing effect of Marcus Crassus’ defeat in Parthia to Cato and Cicero’s efforts to promote a new ethos of provincial governance. This programme was cut short by civil war, but provided an important model for Augustus’ reforms.
Baojun Yang and Dongxiao Jin
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028504
- eISBN:
- 9789882206717
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028504.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter discusses the Pearl River Delta Urban Cluster Coordinated Development Plan (2004–20) (UCCDP). It discusses how this plan evolved out of the joint efforts of the Guangdong Provincial ...
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This chapter discusses the Pearl River Delta Urban Cluster Coordinated Development Plan (2004–20) (UCCDP). It discusses how this plan evolved out of the joint efforts of the Guangdong Provincial Government and Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development to strengthen Pan-Pearl River Delta (Pan-PRD) coordination and enhance the competitiveness of the PRD city cluster. It examines the background, methodology, objectives, significance, and implementation process of the plan to aid in the further understanding of the theory and practice of mega-city regional governance and planning in contemporary China.Less
This chapter discusses the Pearl River Delta Urban Cluster Coordinated Development Plan (2004–20) (UCCDP). It discusses how this plan evolved out of the joint efforts of the Guangdong Provincial Government and Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development to strengthen Pan-Pearl River Delta (Pan-PRD) coordination and enhance the competitiveness of the PRD city cluster. It examines the background, methodology, objectives, significance, and implementation process of the plan to aid in the further understanding of the theory and practice of mega-city regional governance and planning in contemporary China.
Howard Pashman
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780226334356
- eISBN:
- 9780226540573
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226540573.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
Chapter two examines how in the early months of the war, New Yorkers started to develop the authority of a revolutionary state. By spring 1776, New York's colonial government had collapsed: its ...
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Chapter two examines how in the early months of the war, New Yorkers started to develop the authority of a revolutionary state. By spring 1776, New York's colonial government had collapsed: its courts had ceased convening, the legislature no longer met, and the governor had fled to a British ship in New York Harbor. Local committees and other extra-legal groups emerged in the absence of central institutions. The British invaded New York City in the summer of 1776, spreading fear and confusion as people fled in all directions to escape the fighting. During this chaotic time, New York's provisional government created an ideological police force called the Committee for Detecting and Defeating Conspiracies. New Yorkers, desperate to stop people from collaborating with the invading army, came forward to help the Committee round up suspected British sympathizers, put them in jail, and send them to other provinces without any trial or investigation. This enforcement without due process resonated with New Yorkers who feared British sympathizers were helping the invading army. The policies of mass arrests and deportation to other provinces proved unsustainable. However, those policies had the surprising effect of beginning to consolidate the authority of a revolutionary state.Less
Chapter two examines how in the early months of the war, New Yorkers started to develop the authority of a revolutionary state. By spring 1776, New York's colonial government had collapsed: its courts had ceased convening, the legislature no longer met, and the governor had fled to a British ship in New York Harbor. Local committees and other extra-legal groups emerged in the absence of central institutions. The British invaded New York City in the summer of 1776, spreading fear and confusion as people fled in all directions to escape the fighting. During this chaotic time, New York's provisional government created an ideological police force called the Committee for Detecting and Defeating Conspiracies. New Yorkers, desperate to stop people from collaborating with the invading army, came forward to help the Committee round up suspected British sympathizers, put them in jail, and send them to other provinces without any trial or investigation. This enforcement without due process resonated with New Yorkers who feared British sympathizers were helping the invading army. The policies of mass arrests and deportation to other provinces proved unsustainable. However, those policies had the surprising effect of beginning to consolidate the authority of a revolutionary state.
Thomas L. Ahern
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813125619
- eISBN:
- 9780813135342
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813125619.003.0013
- Subject:
- History, Military History
The innovative aspects of the intelligence collection and exploitation staff (ICEX) system, or the Phoenix program, included the action capability that the Quang Nam team and Walter Roberts had built ...
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The innovative aspects of the intelligence collection and exploitation staff (ICEX) system, or the Phoenix program, included the action capability that the Quang Nam team and Walter Roberts had built into the District Intelligence and Operations Coordination Center when they assigned it a Provincial Reconnaissance Unit. In Robert Komer's view, the proposed structure would generate the integrated, organized attack on the Viet Cong infrastructure which had not been mounted. In addition to better intelligence coordination and more effective use of information, Komer expected ICEX to address two other perennial problems. One was the disorderly administrative and judicial processing of Viet Cong prisoners, with the attendant difficulty of tracking their disposition. Implementing ICEX meant a substantial change in the command arrangement governing military advisers, and Komer needed General William Westmoreland's approval.Less
The innovative aspects of the intelligence collection and exploitation staff (ICEX) system, or the Phoenix program, included the action capability that the Quang Nam team and Walter Roberts had built into the District Intelligence and Operations Coordination Center when they assigned it a Provincial Reconnaissance Unit. In Robert Komer's view, the proposed structure would generate the integrated, organized attack on the Viet Cong infrastructure which had not been mounted. In addition to better intelligence coordination and more effective use of information, Komer expected ICEX to address two other perennial problems. One was the disorderly administrative and judicial processing of Viet Cong prisoners, with the attendant difficulty of tracking their disposition. Implementing ICEX meant a substantial change in the command arrangement governing military advisers, and Komer needed General William Westmoreland's approval.
Jennifer Prah Ruger
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781469630359
- eISBN:
- 9781469630373
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469630359.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
This chapter discusses challenges of global health inequalities in the current global health policy system. It then describes provincial globalism and a shared health governance framework as ...
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This chapter discusses challenges of global health inequalities in the current global health policy system. It then describes provincial globalism and a shared health governance framework as approaches to these challenges. Moral philosophers have for some time argued that global poverty and associated human suffering are universal concerns and that there is a moral obligation, beyond matters of charity, for wealthier countries to do more. Being serious about addressing the problem of global health inequalities requires developing a conception of global health justice. Moreover, addressing global health inequalities requires a reexamination of the norms and principles underlying global institutions in order to offer proposals for a better global health policy. This chapter sketches analytical components of provincial globalism, a framework that takes individuals to be the moral unit in both domestic and global contexts and that improves the prospects of alleviating global health inequalities. Provincial globalism promotes the realization of individuals’ health capabilities and supports a shared health governance that enables institutions to reexamine the objectives, policy goals, and decision-making procedures of the global health architecture. Shared health governance, in turn, provides standards for regulating global and domestic institutions and practices to create the conditions for realizing individuals’ health capabilities.Less
This chapter discusses challenges of global health inequalities in the current global health policy system. It then describes provincial globalism and a shared health governance framework as approaches to these challenges. Moral philosophers have for some time argued that global poverty and associated human suffering are universal concerns and that there is a moral obligation, beyond matters of charity, for wealthier countries to do more. Being serious about addressing the problem of global health inequalities requires developing a conception of global health justice. Moreover, addressing global health inequalities requires a reexamination of the norms and principles underlying global institutions in order to offer proposals for a better global health policy. This chapter sketches analytical components of provincial globalism, a framework that takes individuals to be the moral unit in both domestic and global contexts and that improves the prospects of alleviating global health inequalities. Provincial globalism promotes the realization of individuals’ health capabilities and supports a shared health governance that enables institutions to reexamine the objectives, policy goals, and decision-making procedures of the global health architecture. Shared health governance, in turn, provides standards for regulating global and domestic institutions and practices to create the conditions for realizing individuals’ health capabilities.
Frank M. Snowden
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300108996
- eISBN:
- 9780300128437
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300108996.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This chapter discusses a new stage in the world history of malaria began in the midst of the emergency that had engulfed the Pontine Marshes. In June 1945, Alberto Missiroli announced in a speech to ...
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This chapter discusses a new stage in the world history of malaria began in the midst of the emergency that had engulfed the Pontine Marshes. In June 1945, Alberto Missiroli announced in a speech to the Provincial Antimalarial Committee (CPA), over which he presided, the availability of the new and magic weapon of DDT (dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane). It was so powerful that he predicted to a dubious audience that within five years malaria would be vanquished both locally in Littoria and throughout Italy. In this unexpected declaration, Missiroli had proclaimed the beginning of a new era in malariology that was to last for a generation. It was characterized by American dominance, euphoric optimism, and reliance on DDT to slay the hydra of malaria.Less
This chapter discusses a new stage in the world history of malaria began in the midst of the emergency that had engulfed the Pontine Marshes. In June 1945, Alberto Missiroli announced in a speech to the Provincial Antimalarial Committee (CPA), over which he presided, the availability of the new and magic weapon of DDT (dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane). It was so powerful that he predicted to a dubious audience that within five years malaria would be vanquished both locally in Littoria and throughout Italy. In this unexpected declaration, Missiroli had proclaimed the beginning of a new era in malariology that was to last for a generation. It was characterized by American dominance, euphoric optimism, and reliance on DDT to slay the hydra of malaria.
Kit Morrell
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- June 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198755142
- eISBN:
- 9780191816512
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198755142.003.0008
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
This chapter presents a detailed analysis of the lex Pompeia de provinciis of 52. The law should be seen as the product of collaboration between Pompey and Cato in the first half of 52. Cato had been ...
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This chapter presents a detailed analysis of the lex Pompeia de provinciis of 52. The law should be seen as the product of collaboration between Pompey and Cato in the first half of 52. Cato had been instrumental in creating Pompey’s sole consulship and his role in Milo’s trial shows that their cooperation continued; moreover, Pompey’s law gave effect to a senatus consultum passed the previous year probably with Cato’s backing. Although Cassius Dio presents the law as an attempt to control electoral competition, the lex Pompeia was also a far-sighted provincial reform which transformed the way in which provincial commands were created and conceptualized. Besides requiring an interval between magistracy and promagistracy, the law gave the senate much greater control over provincial appointments and thus provided the framework for a policy of provincial governance closely associated with Cato.Less
This chapter presents a detailed analysis of the lex Pompeia de provinciis of 52. The law should be seen as the product of collaboration between Pompey and Cato in the first half of 52. Cato had been instrumental in creating Pompey’s sole consulship and his role in Milo’s trial shows that their cooperation continued; moreover, Pompey’s law gave effect to a senatus consultum passed the previous year probably with Cato’s backing. Although Cassius Dio presents the law as an attempt to control electoral competition, the lex Pompeia was also a far-sighted provincial reform which transformed the way in which provincial commands were created and conceptualized. Besides requiring an interval between magistracy and promagistracy, the law gave the senate much greater control over provincial appointments and thus provided the framework for a policy of provincial governance closely associated with Cato.
Trevor Herbert and Helen Barlow
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199898312
- eISBN:
- 9780199345526
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199898312.003.0005
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
The chapter explains how an aristocratic officer class, as the commanding officers of militia regiments, established a network of musical units throughout Britain and Ireland. It focuses on the role ...
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The chapter explains how an aristocratic officer class, as the commanding officers of militia regiments, established a network of musical units throughout Britain and Ireland. It focuses on the role of military bands in social and musical life outside London, including the influence of military music on domestic piano music. It deals with the social and martial functions in which these musicians were engaged, and in so doing, touches on instrumentation, repertoire, recruitment and training.Less
The chapter explains how an aristocratic officer class, as the commanding officers of militia regiments, established a network of musical units throughout Britain and Ireland. It focuses on the role of military bands in social and musical life outside London, including the influence of military music on domestic piano music. It deals with the social and martial functions in which these musicians were engaged, and in so doing, touches on instrumentation, repertoire, recruitment and training.
B. R. Nanda
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195693430
- eISBN:
- 9780199081387
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195693430.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Indian Politics
This chapter studies the Moderate leadership, specifically Gopal Krishna Gokhale, who was considered the ablest exponent of political moderation. Gokhale was also considered to be more than qualified ...
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This chapter studies the Moderate leadership, specifically Gopal Krishna Gokhale, who was considered the ablest exponent of political moderation. Gokhale was also considered to be more than qualified to lead a constitutional agitation. It first shows how Gokhale expressed the different hopes, illusions, and sentiments of the first generation of Congressmen. It then examines the direct conflict between the Extremists and the Moderates, which was apparent at the Benares session in December 1905. Next, it looks at Motilal’s term as Chair of the first Provincial Conference of the United Provinces. This conference considered the need to supplement the efforts of the Indian National Congress with ‘small Congresses’, defined and defended the Moderates’ creed, and denounced the Extremists’ tactics and programme.Less
This chapter studies the Moderate leadership, specifically Gopal Krishna Gokhale, who was considered the ablest exponent of political moderation. Gokhale was also considered to be more than qualified to lead a constitutional agitation. It first shows how Gokhale expressed the different hopes, illusions, and sentiments of the first generation of Congressmen. It then examines the direct conflict between the Extremists and the Moderates, which was apparent at the Benares session in December 1905. Next, it looks at Motilal’s term as Chair of the first Provincial Conference of the United Provinces. This conference considered the need to supplement the efforts of the Indian National Congress with ‘small Congresses’, defined and defended the Moderates’ creed, and denounced the Extremists’ tactics and programme.
Marcus Anthony Hunter and Zandria F. Robinson
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780520292826
- eISBN:
- 9780520966178
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520292826.003.0011
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
The first of three chapters on the power of chocolate cities, this chapter centers the life, activism, and pioneering efforts of abolitionist and black woman lawyer Mary Ann Shadd Cary. Exploring her ...
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The first of three chapters on the power of chocolate cities, this chapter centers the life, activism, and pioneering efforts of abolitionist and black woman lawyer Mary Ann Shadd Cary. Exploring her migrations above and below the Canadian border, the authors highlight her sophisticated and politically informed racial geography of the United States. Detailing the movement of black people throughout the domestic diaspora, this chapter illustrates the how gender, place, race, and power collided in the lives of black people before and after the Emancipation Proclamation.Less
The first of three chapters on the power of chocolate cities, this chapter centers the life, activism, and pioneering efforts of abolitionist and black woman lawyer Mary Ann Shadd Cary. Exploring her migrations above and below the Canadian border, the authors highlight her sophisticated and politically informed racial geography of the United States. Detailing the movement of black people throughout the domestic diaspora, this chapter illustrates the how gender, place, race, and power collided in the lives of black people before and after the Emancipation Proclamation.
Allan Blackstock
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780719085185
- eISBN:
- 9781781705001
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719085185.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
I love controversy’ claimed the Reverend William Richardson (1740–1820). Though a rural Irish rector, Richardson was a clerical polymath with wide-ranging interests in botany and geology who had ...
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I love controversy’ claimed the Reverend William Richardson (1740–1820). Though a rural Irish rector, Richardson was a clerical polymath with wide-ranging interests in botany and geology who had international connections at the highest level. This book explores all the dimensions of Richardson's extraordinary scientific career and assesses his interventions in Irish loyalist politics at the time of the 1798 rebellion. He was a prolific writer who contributed to the debate on the origin of basalt at the Giant's Causeway, refuting claims that it was volcanic. His main project, however, was agricultural improvement. He argued that the adoption of, Irish fiorin grass, a plant which flourished on bog-land, would help reclaim wastelands throughout Britain and enable farmers to make hay in wintertime. Though considered mad for attempting to overturn the conventional wisdom of ‘making hay while the sun shines’ Richardson was supported by leading British scientists like Sir Humphry Davy and Sir Joseph Banks. In truth he sits at the intersection between provincial and metropolitan science and his overall historical importance, like his career, is diverse. His scientific empiricism meant that he offered an alternative voice to that of the loyalist propagandist, Sir Richard Musgrave. Even more significantly, in the aftermath of legislative union, Richardson recommended Irish agriculture to remedy Britain's economic predicament during the ‘war of resources’ phase of the Napoleonic wars.Less
I love controversy’ claimed the Reverend William Richardson (1740–1820). Though a rural Irish rector, Richardson was a clerical polymath with wide-ranging interests in botany and geology who had international connections at the highest level. This book explores all the dimensions of Richardson's extraordinary scientific career and assesses his interventions in Irish loyalist politics at the time of the 1798 rebellion. He was a prolific writer who contributed to the debate on the origin of basalt at the Giant's Causeway, refuting claims that it was volcanic. His main project, however, was agricultural improvement. He argued that the adoption of, Irish fiorin grass, a plant which flourished on bog-land, would help reclaim wastelands throughout Britain and enable farmers to make hay in wintertime. Though considered mad for attempting to overturn the conventional wisdom of ‘making hay while the sun shines’ Richardson was supported by leading British scientists like Sir Humphry Davy and Sir Joseph Banks. In truth he sits at the intersection between provincial and metropolitan science and his overall historical importance, like his career, is diverse. His scientific empiricism meant that he offered an alternative voice to that of the loyalist propagandist, Sir Richard Musgrave. Even more significantly, in the aftermath of legislative union, Richardson recommended Irish agriculture to remedy Britain's economic predicament during the ‘war of resources’ phase of the Napoleonic wars.
Cameron Robert and Brian Levy
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- November 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198824053
- eISBN:
- 9780191862748
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198824053.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The focus of this chapter is the management and governance of education at provincial level—specifically on efforts to introduce performance management into education by the Western Cape Education ...
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The focus of this chapter is the management and governance of education at provincial level—specifically on efforts to introduce performance management into education by the Western Cape Education Department (WCED), and their impact. Post-1994 the WCED inherited a bureaucracy that was well placed to manage the province’s large public education system. Subsequently, irrespective of which political party has been in power, the WCED consistently has sought to implement performance management. This chapter explores to what extent determined, top-down efforts, led by the public sector, can improve dismal educational performance. It concludes that the WCED is a relatively well-run public bureaucracy. However, efforts to strengthen the operation of the WCED’s bureaucracy have not translated into systematic improvements in schools in poorer areas. One possible implication is that efforts to strengthen hierarchy might usefully be complemented with additional effort to support more horizontal, peer-to-peer governance at the school level.Less
The focus of this chapter is the management and governance of education at provincial level—specifically on efforts to introduce performance management into education by the Western Cape Education Department (WCED), and their impact. Post-1994 the WCED inherited a bureaucracy that was well placed to manage the province’s large public education system. Subsequently, irrespective of which political party has been in power, the WCED consistently has sought to implement performance management. This chapter explores to what extent determined, top-down efforts, led by the public sector, can improve dismal educational performance. It concludes that the WCED is a relatively well-run public bureaucracy. However, efforts to strengthen the operation of the WCED’s bureaucracy have not translated into systematic improvements in schools in poorer areas. One possible implication is that efforts to strengthen hierarchy might usefully be complemented with additional effort to support more horizontal, peer-to-peer governance at the school level.
Zukiswa Kota, Monica Hendricks, Eric Matambo, and Vinothan Naidoo
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- November 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198824053
- eISBN:
- 9780191862748
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198824053.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter examines the politics and governance of education policy and delivery in South Africa’s Eastern Cape province. The Eastern Cape experienced extensive governmental re-organization ...
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This chapter examines the politics and governance of education policy and delivery in South Africa’s Eastern Cape province. The Eastern Cape experienced extensive governmental re-organization following the country’s 1994 democratic transition. Over the subsequent two decades, governance under the incumbency of the African National Congress has been fraught with clientelistic conflict amongst a factionalized coalition of interests, which has severely hampered the delivery of key public services such as education. In this chapter, we describe how the province’s general governance characteristics and those in the education sector have impeded the growth of a rule-compliant, insulated and performance-driven bureaucracy. We illustrate how chronic leadership instability, political interference, and financial mismanagement in the Eastern Cape Department of Education have severely undermined the resourcing and oversight of the province’s public schooling system.Less
This chapter examines the politics and governance of education policy and delivery in South Africa’s Eastern Cape province. The Eastern Cape experienced extensive governmental re-organization following the country’s 1994 democratic transition. Over the subsequent two decades, governance under the incumbency of the African National Congress has been fraught with clientelistic conflict amongst a factionalized coalition of interests, which has severely hampered the delivery of key public services such as education. In this chapter, we describe how the province’s general governance characteristics and those in the education sector have impeded the growth of a rule-compliant, insulated and performance-driven bureaucracy. We illustrate how chronic leadership instability, political interference, and financial mismanagement in the Eastern Cape Department of Education have severely undermined the resourcing and oversight of the province’s public schooling system.
