Mushirul Hasan
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195693232
- eISBN:
- 9780199081882
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195693232.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Indian History
Little is known about the impact of the Partition on culture and social structure in Awadh. Nevertheless, the histories of a locality can be better understood by studying lives. Indeed, the Kidwais’ ...
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Little is known about the impact of the Partition on culture and social structure in Awadh. Nevertheless, the histories of a locality can be better understood by studying lives. Indeed, the Kidwais’ historical experience in Masauli reveals the engagement of a family and class with their colonial and post-colonial predicaments. The lives of the Masauli Kidwais offer a glimpse into qasbas, both past and present. In general, official identifications in the census alone were not enough to reify or solidify identities. The Kidwais and many other families in the Bara Banki district in the United Provinces interactively created meanings and identities which shaped their lives.Less
Little is known about the impact of the Partition on culture and social structure in Awadh. Nevertheless, the histories of a locality can be better understood by studying lives. Indeed, the Kidwais’ historical experience in Masauli reveals the engagement of a family and class with their colonial and post-colonial predicaments. The lives of the Masauli Kidwais offer a glimpse into qasbas, both past and present. In general, official identifications in the census alone were not enough to reify or solidify identities. The Kidwais and many other families in the Bara Banki district in the United Provinces interactively created meanings and identities which shaped their lives.
Hannah Holtschneider
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781474452595
- eISBN:
- 9781474476553
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474452595.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Jewish Studies
This book analyses the religious aspects of Jewish acculturation to Scotland through a transnational perspective on migration, focused through an examination of Jewish religious leadership and ...
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This book analyses the religious aspects of Jewish acculturation to Scotland through a transnational perspective on migration, focused through an examination of Jewish religious leadership and authority in the international context of Anglophone Jewish history in the first three decades of the twentieth century. Focusing on British Jewish history in the first half of the twentieth century, and on the biography of one significant actor in a so-called ‘provincial’ Jewish community, this monograph explores the development of a central feature of British Jewish religious history: power relations within Jewish religious institutions, and particularly relations between the assumed centre (London) and the ‘provinces’ at a time of massive demographic and cultural change. With immigration stagnating and immigrants now poised to stay rather than seeing Britain as a staging post in their journey west, Jewish communities had to come to terms with the majority of their congregants being first generation immigrants, and to deal with the resulting cultural conflicts amongst the migrants and with those resident Jews whose families had acculturated and anglicised one or more generations previously. Salis Daiches’s life journey (1880-1945) highlights central aspects of the processes of adjustment in communities across the United Kingdom from the perspective of the ‘provincial periphery’. Competing religious ideologies in the early twentieth century are a crucial element in the history of British Jewry, rather than a transient social phenomenon. Religion as performed, taught, and thought about at a local level by ‘religious professionals’ is a vehicle for the exploration of the migration.Less
This book analyses the religious aspects of Jewish acculturation to Scotland through a transnational perspective on migration, focused through an examination of Jewish religious leadership and authority in the international context of Anglophone Jewish history in the first three decades of the twentieth century. Focusing on British Jewish history in the first half of the twentieth century, and on the biography of one significant actor in a so-called ‘provincial’ Jewish community, this monograph explores the development of a central feature of British Jewish religious history: power relations within Jewish religious institutions, and particularly relations between the assumed centre (London) and the ‘provinces’ at a time of massive demographic and cultural change. With immigration stagnating and immigrants now poised to stay rather than seeing Britain as a staging post in their journey west, Jewish communities had to come to terms with the majority of their congregants being first generation immigrants, and to deal with the resulting cultural conflicts amongst the migrants and with those resident Jews whose families had acculturated and anglicised one or more generations previously. Salis Daiches’s life journey (1880-1945) highlights central aspects of the processes of adjustment in communities across the United Kingdom from the perspective of the ‘provincial periphery’. Competing religious ideologies in the early twentieth century are a crucial element in the history of British Jewry, rather than a transient social phenomenon. Religion as performed, taught, and thought about at a local level by ‘religious professionals’ is a vehicle for the exploration of the migration.
Tom Scott
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199274604
- eISBN:
- 9780191738685
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199274604.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
City‐states after 1500 were not a spent force; rather, they survived by transformation and adjustment, even if their increasingly aristocratic governments have been denounced as oligarchies which ...
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City‐states after 1500 were not a spent force; rather, they survived by transformation and adjustment, even if their increasingly aristocratic governments have been denounced as oligarchies which betrayed republican liberty. The Swiss Confederation continued to exert a political pull, though sometimes by overt aggression (Bernese conquest of the Vaud). The Dutch United Provinces display some similarities with city‐states. Many cities bargained with their rulers (especially capital cities and ports as outlets of commercial empires) to carve out autonomy. Others adapted to foreign rule internally or entered into new commercial/financial alliances externally. In Italy, the attraction of the city‐state encouraged lesser towns to emulate them, even acquiring their own small contadi (quasi‐città). Only a very few city‐states disappeared, in the sense of being stripped of territory and autonomy.Less
City‐states after 1500 were not a spent force; rather, they survived by transformation and adjustment, even if their increasingly aristocratic governments have been denounced as oligarchies which betrayed republican liberty. The Swiss Confederation continued to exert a political pull, though sometimes by overt aggression (Bernese conquest of the Vaud). The Dutch United Provinces display some similarities with city‐states. Many cities bargained with their rulers (especially capital cities and ports as outlets of commercial empires) to carve out autonomy. Others adapted to foreign rule internally or entered into new commercial/financial alliances externally. In Italy, the attraction of the city‐state encouraged lesser towns to emulate them, even acquiring their own small contadi (quasi‐città). Only a very few city‐states disappeared, in the sense of being stripped of territory and autonomy.
Thomas H. Jones
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807869536
- eISBN:
- 9781469602851
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807869543_jones
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
Originally published in order to raise money to purchase his son's freedom, Thomas Jones's autobiography first appeared in the 1850s. This version, published in 1885, includes not only Jones's ...
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Originally published in order to raise money to purchase his son's freedom, Thomas Jones's autobiography first appeared in the 1850s. This version, published in 1885, includes not only Jones's account of his childhood and young adult life as a slave in North Carolina, but also a long additional section in which Jones describes his experiences as a minister in North Carolina, while still enslaved, and then on the abolitionist lecture circuit in Massachusetts and the Maritime Provinces of Canada after he stowed away on a ship bound for New York in 1849. The narrative's most prominent focus is on Jones's ministry in and around Wilmington, North Carolina, before he escaped. The narrative puts a characteristically postbellum emphasis on shared religious devotion and even fondness between African Americans and whites. Perhaps the most compelling scene, however, is Jones's account of his forcible separation from his first wife and their three children, whom he never saw again.Less
Originally published in order to raise money to purchase his son's freedom, Thomas Jones's autobiography first appeared in the 1850s. This version, published in 1885, includes not only Jones's account of his childhood and young adult life as a slave in North Carolina, but also a long additional section in which Jones describes his experiences as a minister in North Carolina, while still enslaved, and then on the abolitionist lecture circuit in Massachusetts and the Maritime Provinces of Canada after he stowed away on a ship bound for New York in 1849. The narrative's most prominent focus is on Jones's ministry in and around Wilmington, North Carolina, before he escaped. The narrative puts a characteristically postbellum emphasis on shared religious devotion and even fondness between African Americans and whites. Perhaps the most compelling scene, however, is Jones's account of his forcible separation from his first wife and their three children, whom he never saw again.
Deborah Lavin
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198126164
- eISBN:
- 9780191671623
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198126164.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
Curtis went to India at the invitation of Sir James Meston, Governor of the United Provinces, advising unofficially on the constitutional changes that were to set India on the path to Dominion ...
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Curtis went to India at the invitation of Sir James Meston, Governor of the United Provinces, advising unofficially on the constitutional changes that were to set India on the path to Dominion status. He had found a new line of approach that neither the Indian nationalists nor the Government of India had thought of applying to internal politics: the consideration of how far India should be adapted for inclusion on a Commonwealth of nations. He altered his plans and decided to stay in India indefinitely to publicise dyarchy and Commonwealth. He worked a practical example of dyarchy as it would apply to the United Provinces, and published in an open letter Letter to Bhupendra Nath Basu. He wanted the dyarchy scheme to be radical yet simple. Curtis had influenced the idea of dualistic dyarchy, its application in practice, and its acceptance in India and in England.Less
Curtis went to India at the invitation of Sir James Meston, Governor of the United Provinces, advising unofficially on the constitutional changes that were to set India on the path to Dominion status. He had found a new line of approach that neither the Indian nationalists nor the Government of India had thought of applying to internal politics: the consideration of how far India should be adapted for inclusion on a Commonwealth of nations. He altered his plans and decided to stay in India indefinitely to publicise dyarchy and Commonwealth. He worked a practical example of dyarchy as it would apply to the United Provinces, and published in an open letter Letter to Bhupendra Nath Basu. He wanted the dyarchy scheme to be radical yet simple. Curtis had influenced the idea of dualistic dyarchy, its application in practice, and its acceptance in India and in England.
Robert T. Handy
- Published in print:
- 1976
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198269106
- eISBN:
- 9780191683572
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198269106.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
This chapter describes the quite different history of the churches in Canada. During the 18th century, the struggle between Catholic France and Protestant Britain for political control of Canada was ...
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This chapter describes the quite different history of the churches in Canada. During the 18th century, the struggle between Catholic France and Protestant Britain for political control of Canada was decisively settled in favour of the latter. The dramatic events of the period 1720–1800 are of decisive importance for understanding Canadian religious history. The problems of a colonial Catholic establishment are first introduced. It then explores the French Catholicism under the British. In addition, description on the growth of Protestantism in the Maritime Provinces, and Protestant beginnings in Quebec and Ontario is provided.Less
This chapter describes the quite different history of the churches in Canada. During the 18th century, the struggle between Catholic France and Protestant Britain for political control of Canada was decisively settled in favour of the latter. The dramatic events of the period 1720–1800 are of decisive importance for understanding Canadian religious history. The problems of a colonial Catholic establishment are first introduced. It then explores the French Catholicism under the British. In addition, description on the growth of Protestantism in the Maritime Provinces, and Protestant beginnings in Quebec and Ontario is provided.
Mushirul Hasan
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195693232
- eISBN:
- 9780199081882
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195693232.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Indian History
Drawing on the family history of the Kidwais who lived in the little village of Masauli and its neighbouring areas in Bara Banki district in the United Provinces, this book provides a colourful ...
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Drawing on the family history of the Kidwais who lived in the little village of Masauli and its neighbouring areas in Bara Banki district in the United Provinces, this book provides a colourful account of the qasbati life in colonial Awadh and highlights the pluralism and multiculturalism that characterized it. Moreover, it explores the nature and strength of the social ties that have united the Kidwais and the social effects of these ties. In an attempt to present a social-family history, the book situates Wilayat Ali Kidwai (1885–1918) and his family in the qasbas, Muslim settlements that functioned as major centres of cultural and social activities in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The qasba is where life was ‘lived’, where literature, music, and poetry flourished, and the fusion of cultures took place. The book examines the communal aspect of qasba life, together with its manifestations in religion, rituals and festivities, fairs, inter-community relations, and the routines of everyday life. Finally, it discusses how popular culture influenced assimilative thought and liberal convictions, focusing on the particular and the specific of ‘composite culture’ and ‘pluralism’, and seeks to recover an important fragment of Awadh’s historical past.Less
Drawing on the family history of the Kidwais who lived in the little village of Masauli and its neighbouring areas in Bara Banki district in the United Provinces, this book provides a colourful account of the qasbati life in colonial Awadh and highlights the pluralism and multiculturalism that characterized it. Moreover, it explores the nature and strength of the social ties that have united the Kidwais and the social effects of these ties. In an attempt to present a social-family history, the book situates Wilayat Ali Kidwai (1885–1918) and his family in the qasbas, Muslim settlements that functioned as major centres of cultural and social activities in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The qasba is where life was ‘lived’, where literature, music, and poetry flourished, and the fusion of cultures took place. The book examines the communal aspect of qasba life, together with its manifestations in religion, rituals and festivities, fairs, inter-community relations, and the routines of everyday life. Finally, it discusses how popular culture influenced assimilative thought and liberal convictions, focusing on the particular and the specific of ‘composite culture’ and ‘pluralism’, and seeks to recover an important fragment of Awadh’s historical past.
Jonathan Scott
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780300243598
- eISBN:
- 9780300249361
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300243598.003.0012
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
This chapter considers the period 1672–1702, during which time the Restoration was unravelling and England saw its relationship to the Netherlands changing once more. In 1670–2, England was ...
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This chapter considers the period 1672–1702, during which time the Restoration was unravelling and England saw its relationship to the Netherlands changing once more. In 1670–2, England was attempting to undo the religious settlement of 1662, ally with the most powerful monarch in Christendom, and embark on a war of annihilation against the United Provinces. The latter in particular would yield some cross-Channel territory and erase the memory of Chatham. These measures, though a desperate gamble, were not only opposed but abhorred by an overwhelming majority of England's subjects. And during this time, Protestantism was in decline not just in England, but across Europe, and certainly within the United Provinces as well.Less
This chapter considers the period 1672–1702, during which time the Restoration was unravelling and England saw its relationship to the Netherlands changing once more. In 1670–2, England was attempting to undo the religious settlement of 1662, ally with the most powerful monarch in Christendom, and embark on a war of annihilation against the United Provinces. The latter in particular would yield some cross-Channel territory and erase the memory of Chatham. These measures, though a desperate gamble, were not only opposed but abhorred by an overwhelming majority of England's subjects. And during this time, Protestantism was in decline not just in England, but across Europe, and certainly within the United Provinces as well.
Mushirul Hasan
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195693232
- eISBN:
- 9780199081882
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195693232.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Indian History
This book explores the history of the Kidwais, a small but well-known family in Awadh who lived in a little village called Masauli and its neighbouring areas in Bara Banki district in the United ...
More
This book explores the history of the Kidwais, a small but well-known family in Awadh who lived in a little village called Masauli and its neighbouring areas in Bara Banki district in the United Provinces. It focuses on the pluralism and multiculturalism that defined the family’s public and private lives, as well as the nature and strength of the social ties that have united them and the social effects of these ties. The book situates Wilayat Ali Kidwai (1885–1918) and his family in the qasbas, where literature, music, and poetry flourished and the fusion of cultures took place. It also examines the communal aspect of qasba life, together with its manifestations in religion, fairs, rituals and festivities, inter-community relations, and the routines of daily life. Finally, it explains the impact of popular culture on assimilative thought and liberal convictions, focusing on ‘composite culture’ and ‘pluralism’.Less
This book explores the history of the Kidwais, a small but well-known family in Awadh who lived in a little village called Masauli and its neighbouring areas in Bara Banki district in the United Provinces. It focuses on the pluralism and multiculturalism that defined the family’s public and private lives, as well as the nature and strength of the social ties that have united them and the social effects of these ties. The book situates Wilayat Ali Kidwai (1885–1918) and his family in the qasbas, where literature, music, and poetry flourished and the fusion of cultures took place. It also examines the communal aspect of qasba life, together with its manifestations in religion, fairs, rituals and festivities, inter-community relations, and the routines of daily life. Finally, it explains the impact of popular culture on assimilative thought and liberal convictions, focusing on ‘composite culture’ and ‘pluralism’.
Mushirul Hasan
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195693232
- eISBN:
- 9780199081882
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195693232.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Indian History
The men of Masauli and Baragaon used to be great storytellers, but people rarely talk about them nowadays. The family archives were destroyed when police conducted raids at the height of ...
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The men of Masauli and Baragaon used to be great storytellers, but people rarely talk about them nowadays. The family archives were destroyed when police conducted raids at the height of non-cooperation in Bara Banki district in the United Provinces. Rafi Ahmed Kidwai did not leave any account of his life. Wilayat Ali Kidwai lived during the formative years of the fight for nationalism, which intensified in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in part due to the printed word. Wilayat Ali witnessed events in the Balkans that pushed Muslims into the mainstream of Indian nationalism. Wilayat Ali died in July 1918 due to cholera, leaving behind his twenty-eight-year-old wife and five children.Less
The men of Masauli and Baragaon used to be great storytellers, but people rarely talk about them nowadays. The family archives were destroyed when police conducted raids at the height of non-cooperation in Bara Banki district in the United Provinces. Rafi Ahmed Kidwai did not leave any account of his life. Wilayat Ali Kidwai lived during the formative years of the fight for nationalism, which intensified in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in part due to the printed word. Wilayat Ali witnessed events in the Balkans that pushed Muslims into the mainstream of Indian nationalism. Wilayat Ali died in July 1918 due to cholera, leaving behind his twenty-eight-year-old wife and five children.
Mushirul Hasan
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195693232
- eISBN:
- 9780199081882
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195693232.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Indian History
In 1877, Awadh was annexed to the neighbouring North-Western Provinces, which heightened the anxieties of Lakhnavis. This despite the fact that the ensuing changes had little effect on their city’s ...
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In 1877, Awadh was annexed to the neighbouring North-Western Provinces, which heightened the anxieties of Lakhnavis. This despite the fact that the ensuing changes had little effect on their city’s position vis-à-vis Allahabad, the new capital. Lucknow, British India’s fourth largest city, soon became the centre of political activism. Compared to Allahabad which was bustling with intense political activity, Lucknow was a benign city. This is where Wilayat Ali Kidwai’s children grew up. The educated professional classes and some wasiqadars lost political power and privileges after the annexation of Awadh. From 1885 to 1905, Lakhnavis constituted the majority of Muslim delegates in the United Provinces.Less
In 1877, Awadh was annexed to the neighbouring North-Western Provinces, which heightened the anxieties of Lakhnavis. This despite the fact that the ensuing changes had little effect on their city’s position vis-à-vis Allahabad, the new capital. Lucknow, British India’s fourth largest city, soon became the centre of political activism. Compared to Allahabad which was bustling with intense political activity, Lucknow was a benign city. This is where Wilayat Ali Kidwai’s children grew up. The educated professional classes and some wasiqadars lost political power and privileges after the annexation of Awadh. From 1885 to 1905, Lakhnavis constituted the majority of Muslim delegates in the United Provinces.
Mushirul Hasan
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195693232
- eISBN:
- 9780199081882
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195693232.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Indian History
The partition of the Indian subcontinent triggered one of the largest movements recorded in world history, with about 8 million Sikhs and Hindus leaving Pakistan to settle in India and 6–7 million ...
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The partition of the Indian subcontinent triggered one of the largest movements recorded in world history, with about 8 million Sikhs and Hindus leaving Pakistan to settle in India and 6–7 million Muslims moving to the so-called ‘God’s own country’. Some 500,000 Hindus and Sikhs arrived in the United Provinces during 1947–48, most of them settling in the Dehra Dun, Agra, Kanpur, Saharanpur, Lucknow, and Meerut districts. Today, the demographic crisis in West Bengal’s border districts can be attributed to migration. Numerous forces were at work in Bara Banki district in particular, and in Awadh society in general. This chapter examines exile, dislocation, and resettlement in the region. More generally, it explores how the Partition affected Muslim families in Awadh, their fragmentation, their anxieties of living in a society bruised by violence, and their sense of loss and deprivation.Less
The partition of the Indian subcontinent triggered one of the largest movements recorded in world history, with about 8 million Sikhs and Hindus leaving Pakistan to settle in India and 6–7 million Muslims moving to the so-called ‘God’s own country’. Some 500,000 Hindus and Sikhs arrived in the United Provinces during 1947–48, most of them settling in the Dehra Dun, Agra, Kanpur, Saharanpur, Lucknow, and Meerut districts. Today, the demographic crisis in West Bengal’s border districts can be attributed to migration. Numerous forces were at work in Bara Banki district in particular, and in Awadh society in general. This chapter examines exile, dislocation, and resettlement in the region. More generally, it explores how the Partition affected Muslim families in Awadh, their fragmentation, their anxieties of living in a society bruised by violence, and their sense of loss and deprivation.
Jennifer Mori
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719082726
- eISBN:
- 9781781702703
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719082726.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
Tourists and the Grand Tour were an inescapable part of every diplomat's life, particularly for those posted to France, Italy and the United Provinces. The tour, a rite of passage for the scions of ...
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Tourists and the Grand Tour were an inescapable part of every diplomat's life, particularly for those posted to France, Italy and the United Provinces. The tour, a rite of passage for the scions of the nobility and gentry, required young men to travel in particular to France and Italy to acquire the social and culture polish that would make them complete gentlemen. The Grand Tour was supposed to be a transformative experience by which its participants were to shed the prejudices of youth and provincialism to become sophisticated men of the world. This chapter reveals many concerns about the tour: most notably the qualifications and reliability of bearleaders; the importance of keeping good company; and the moral pitfalls of travel abroad.Less
Tourists and the Grand Tour were an inescapable part of every diplomat's life, particularly for those posted to France, Italy and the United Provinces. The tour, a rite of passage for the scions of the nobility and gentry, required young men to travel in particular to France and Italy to acquire the social and culture polish that would make them complete gentlemen. The Grand Tour was supposed to be a transformative experience by which its participants were to shed the prejudices of youth and provincialism to become sophisticated men of the world. This chapter reveals many concerns about the tour: most notably the qualifications and reliability of bearleaders; the importance of keeping good company; and the moral pitfalls of travel abroad.
Caspar van Baerle
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780813036649
- eISBN:
- 9780813041599
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813036649.003.0014
- Subject:
- History, World Early Modern History
This chapter describes Brouwer's expedition to Chile and his orders. Also described in this chapter are the various provinces of Chile. Again, the people of the area are described and their customs ...
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This chapter describes Brouwer's expedition to Chile and his orders. Also described in this chapter are the various provinces of Chile. Again, the people of the area are described and their customs are outlined. Brouwer's actual journey is described at the end of the chapter. He was unable to complete his tasks, and died at the port of Castro.Less
This chapter describes Brouwer's expedition to Chile and his orders. Also described in this chapter are the various provinces of Chile. Again, the people of the area are described and their customs are outlined. Brouwer's actual journey is described at the end of the chapter. He was unable to complete his tasks, and died at the port of Castro.
Caspar van Baerle
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780813036649
- eISBN:
- 9780813041599
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813036649.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, World Early Modern History
Around this time, Crestofle Arciszewsky set sail for Brazil, and was then entrusted with command and supervision of the supplies of all arms and armor in Brazil. Although almost two months had passed ...
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Around this time, Crestofle Arciszewsky set sail for Brazil, and was then entrusted with command and supervision of the supplies of all arms and armor in Brazil. Although almost two months had passed in which affairs in Brazil were handled harmoniously, a letter written by Arciszewsky intended to discredit Count Maurits quickly angered both the Count and his councillors. Ultimately, Arciszewsky returned to the United Provinces, following a public and bitter feud with Maurits.Less
Around this time, Crestofle Arciszewsky set sail for Brazil, and was then entrusted with command and supervision of the supplies of all arms and armor in Brazil. Although almost two months had passed in which affairs in Brazil were handled harmoniously, a letter written by Arciszewsky intended to discredit Count Maurits quickly angered both the Count and his councillors. Ultimately, Arciszewsky returned to the United Provinces, following a public and bitter feud with Maurits.
Halidé Edib
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195699999
- eISBN:
- 9780199080540
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195699999.003.0026
- Subject:
- Literature, Women's Literature
Dr M.A. Ansari was a known advocate of single nationhood for India, but he was by no means the only representative of this ideal among the Muslims. The idea of a single nationhood for India had ...
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Dr M.A. Ansari was a known advocate of single nationhood for India, but he was by no means the only representative of this ideal among the Muslims. The idea of a single nationhood for India had spread to the Frontier Provinces, with Abdul-Gaffar Khan leading the campaign. His movement, erroneously called the ‘Red Shirts’, was also a politico-religious one. Compared with other movements, the Red Shirts aimed at independence and unity of all India and advocated non-violence. One personality that influenced Abdul-Gaffar Khan's career was his father, Bahram Khan. Abdul-Gaffar Khan later joined the Khilafat movement. While he was in Punjab jail, he formed friendships with Hindus and Sikhs and studied the Hindu scriptures, especially the Gita, and the Granth Saheb. Another trend in Muslim India during the time of Abdul-Gaffar Khan was the so-called Muslim communalism.Less
Dr M.A. Ansari was a known advocate of single nationhood for India, but he was by no means the only representative of this ideal among the Muslims. The idea of a single nationhood for India had spread to the Frontier Provinces, with Abdul-Gaffar Khan leading the campaign. His movement, erroneously called the ‘Red Shirts’, was also a politico-religious one. Compared with other movements, the Red Shirts aimed at independence and unity of all India and advocated non-violence. One personality that influenced Abdul-Gaffar Khan's career was his father, Bahram Khan. Abdul-Gaffar Khan later joined the Khilafat movement. While he was in Punjab jail, he formed friendships with Hindus and Sikhs and studied the Hindu scriptures, especially the Gita, and the Granth Saheb. Another trend in Muslim India during the time of Abdul-Gaffar Khan was the so-called Muslim communalism.
Geoffrey Carnall
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748640454
- eISBN:
- 9780748651948
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748640454.003.0009
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
This chapter discusses Alexander's return to India and the number of issues which plagued the country during that time, first examining the real prospect of famine, which was estimated to be worse ...
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This chapter discusses Alexander's return to India and the number of issues which plagued the country during that time, first examining the real prospect of famine, which was estimated to be worse than the 1943 Bengal famine. It reveals that Alexander and his colleagues discovered a good food procurement and rationing system in the United Provinces, despite the looming threat of famine in the area. The chapter then shifts to Gandhi's determination to meet the challenge of his vision of a non-violent and united India, as well as his efforts to gain good relations between the Muslims and Hindus in rural Bengal. It also looks at the arrival of a new Vicereine, the World Pacifist Meeting, and the violence crisis in Bengal and Punjab.Less
This chapter discusses Alexander's return to India and the number of issues which plagued the country during that time, first examining the real prospect of famine, which was estimated to be worse than the 1943 Bengal famine. It reveals that Alexander and his colleagues discovered a good food procurement and rationing system in the United Provinces, despite the looming threat of famine in the area. The chapter then shifts to Gandhi's determination to meet the challenge of his vision of a non-violent and united India, as well as his efforts to gain good relations between the Muslims and Hindus in rural Bengal. It also looks at the arrival of a new Vicereine, the World Pacifist Meeting, and the violence crisis in Bengal and Punjab.
Francesca Trivellato
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780691178592
- eISBN:
- 9780691185378
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691178592.003.0008
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Finance, Accounting, and Banking
This chapter analyzes the echoes of the legend of the Jewish invention of bills of exchange beyond France up to 1800 and how they intersected with a variety of discourses about the morality of ...
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This chapter analyzes the echoes of the legend of the Jewish invention of bills of exchange beyond France up to 1800 and how they intersected with a variety of discourses about the morality of commercial credit. The legend that pointed to Jews as the creators of European private finance did not travel along confessional lines. Developed in Catholic France, the legend also appeared in England, the Reformed areas of the Holy Roman Empire, and the United Provinces. A lag of more than fifty years separates the legend's appearance in French and its circulation in other languages. Translations of works by the Savary family and Montesquieu were the legend's most influential vehicles of diffusion and transmutation. Most non-French versions of the legend, however, adapted the tale to make it palatable to new readerships. At the same time, an increasing number of writers challenged the legend's accuracy.Less
This chapter analyzes the echoes of the legend of the Jewish invention of bills of exchange beyond France up to 1800 and how they intersected with a variety of discourses about the morality of commercial credit. The legend that pointed to Jews as the creators of European private finance did not travel along confessional lines. Developed in Catholic France, the legend also appeared in England, the Reformed areas of the Holy Roman Empire, and the United Provinces. A lag of more than fifty years separates the legend's appearance in French and its circulation in other languages. Translations of works by the Savary family and Montesquieu were the legend's most influential vehicles of diffusion and transmutation. Most non-French versions of the legend, however, adapted the tale to make it palatable to new readerships. At the same time, an increasing number of writers challenged the legend's accuracy.
B. R. Nanda
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195693430
- eISBN:
- 9780199081387
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195693430.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Indian Politics
This chapter studies the Moderate leadership, specifically Gopal Krishna Gokhale, who was considered the ablest exponent of political moderation. Gokhale was also considered to be more than qualified ...
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This chapter studies the Moderate leadership, specifically Gopal Krishna Gokhale, who was considered the ablest exponent of political moderation. Gokhale was also considered to be more than qualified to lead a constitutional agitation. It first shows how Gokhale expressed the different hopes, illusions, and sentiments of the first generation of Congressmen. It then examines the direct conflict between the Extremists and the Moderates, which was apparent at the Benares session in December 1905. Next, it looks at Motilal’s term as Chair of the first Provincial Conference of the United Provinces. This conference considered the need to supplement the efforts of the Indian National Congress with ‘small Congresses’, defined and defended the Moderates’ creed, and denounced the Extremists’ tactics and programme.Less
This chapter studies the Moderate leadership, specifically Gopal Krishna Gokhale, who was considered the ablest exponent of political moderation. Gokhale was also considered to be more than qualified to lead a constitutional agitation. It first shows how Gokhale expressed the different hopes, illusions, and sentiments of the first generation of Congressmen. It then examines the direct conflict between the Extremists and the Moderates, which was apparent at the Benares session in December 1905. Next, it looks at Motilal’s term as Chair of the first Provincial Conference of the United Provinces. This conference considered the need to supplement the efforts of the Indian National Congress with ‘small Congresses’, defined and defended the Moderates’ creed, and denounced the Extremists’ tactics and programme.
B. R. Nanda
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195693430
- eISBN:
- 9780199081387
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195693430.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, Indian Politics
This chapter looks at Motilal’s term in the Moderate party. It first examines his presidential speech for the third United Provinces Social Conference, where he talked about social reform and the ...
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This chapter looks at Motilal’s term in the Moderate party. It first examines his presidential speech for the third United Provinces Social Conference, where he talked about social reform and the removal of caste and purdah. It then looks at Motilal’s expectations of the Secretary of State, John Morley’s ability and desire to open a new chapter in Indo-British relations. However, Morley’s true agenda was discovered after the reform proposals were published. Still, Motilal was elected into the larger provincial council under the ‘reformed’ constitution, where he criticized the little allocations given for education and sanitation. The chapter also studies the twenty–sixth session of the Indian National Congress. This session was held in Allahabad and included a convening of a Hindu-Muslim conference and the formation of the Hindu Mahasabha.Less
This chapter looks at Motilal’s term in the Moderate party. It first examines his presidential speech for the third United Provinces Social Conference, where he talked about social reform and the removal of caste and purdah. It then looks at Motilal’s expectations of the Secretary of State, John Morley’s ability and desire to open a new chapter in Indo-British relations. However, Morley’s true agenda was discovered after the reform proposals were published. Still, Motilal was elected into the larger provincial council under the ‘reformed’ constitution, where he criticized the little allocations given for education and sanitation. The chapter also studies the twenty–sixth session of the Indian National Congress. This session was held in Allahabad and included a convening of a Hindu-Muslim conference and the formation of the Hindu Mahasabha.
