Search Results

Beginning in the 1820s, a symbiotic relationship prevailed between the Perushim and the Protestant missionaries active in the Land of Israel such as Joseph Wolf and the London Society for the Promotion of Christianity Amongst the Jews. The missionaries saw the return of the Jews to the Promised Land as essential to the messianic process; the Perushim were happy to accept economic, medical, and other forms of material aid from the missionaries, and saw gentile involvement in the rebuilding of the land as part of the messianic process as they envisioned it. At the same time, there were tensions related to the missionaries’ efforts to convert the Jews. Matters grew more complex in the 1830s when the Perushim saw the enlightened, European (read: Christian)-style reign of Muhammad Ali as displacing to a degree the role of the Christian missionaries, and Jews and Christians throughout the world began to anticipate more intensely the fateful year of 1840. The atmosphere is vividly portrayed in Lehren’s correspondence. Ties between the Perushim’s leadership and the Christian missionaries were strengthened in the wake of the terrifying Damascus blood libel in March 1840, when the missionaries turned out to be the Jews’ only allies. At the same time, the missionaries increased their efforts to proselytize, taking steps as radical as the appointment of a Jewish convert as Anglican bishop in Jerusalem. The passing of 1840 without the Messiah’s appearance produced a crisis of faith, making many Jews more vulnerable to the missionaries’ efforts. Jewish writers (such as Aviezer of Ticktin) sought to play down the crisis, offering reasons for the Messiah’s delay.

Following Russell T. Davies’ successful 2005 reboot of the once dead franchise, Doctor Who is now the BBC’s chief television export to the world and a global brand. The Doctor has become a quintessential British superhero: his knowledge knows no bounds; he has the power to travel through time and space; his companions bring their own spirit, personality and abilities to his time travelling missions; and, most of all, he is driven to protect the innocent and save those in need. One sign of the Doctor’s international success comes at the annual San Diego Comic Con where BBC America has made a concerted effort to attract and build a loyal American audience - with the latest series of Doctor Who achieving a Comic Con first for the BBC by having its panel held in the famous Hall H (a 7,000 seat auditorium usually reserved for big Hollywood premieres, attracting star names and very long queues). This chapter investigates the importance of the San Diego Comic Con in the global circulation of popular media texts, but then builds on this by discussing the increasing significance and popularity of international superhero and science fiction franchises in the American media industry.

This chapter considers international perspectives in the area of health promotion. It begins with an overview of health promotion as a global enterprise, citing major developments such as the founding of the World Health Organization (WHO), the Alma Ata Declaration, and the introduction of the notion of the social determinants of health by Thomas McKeown. It then examines the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986) and the five health promotion areas that it identified for achieving better health: building healthy public policy, creating supportive environments, strengthening community action, developing personal skills, and reorienting health services. The chapter goes on to discuss other international health promotion initiatives, including the Bangkok Charter for Health Promotion in a Globalized World (2005) and the Helsinki Global Conference on Health Promotion (2013). Finally, it analyses the role of the WHO in health promotion, along with the issues of health inequalities and health inequities.

Drawing on a vast range of promotional ephemera, chapter four reveals the wide-ranging impact that commercial advertisements had upon the developing identities of British provincial towns. It demonstrates the process by which the priorities of private companies and speculators came to dominate and dictate the image of commercial and manufacturing centres throughout Great Britain. Incorporating evidence ranging from promotional porcelain to bills of trade and letterheads, this chapter interrogates and explains the process that led to the emergence of a collective and exclusively industrial identity for provincial urban Britain in the second half of the nineteenth century. In so doing it accounts for the extent to which the changing iconography of industrial and commercial Britain in the form of chimneys, bottle furnaces, warehouses and workshops were transcribed as visual motifs, creating a lexicon that artists and observers used to recognize, articulate and interpret the townscape. It concludes with a persuasive explanation for the eventual abandonment of pictorial conventions inherited from the eighteenth century and their replacement with a new formula defined by melodrama, expansive scale and discord.

In this chapter, the author reflects on health care in Haiti in the post-earthquake period. Public health and medical care are two arenas in which the earthquake amplified preexisting social catastrophes. The state of Haiti's Ministry of Public Health reflected the country's health care after the earthquake. The quake also destroyed eight major hospitals and seriously damaged twenty-two more, in addition to medical and nursing schools. Before disaster struck, the country had about twenty-five physicians and eleven nurses for every 100,000 people. The quake killed hundreds of doctors and nurses, along with other health care workers. The author first provides an overview of health care in post-earthquake Haiti before discussing the links between politics and health. She then considers issues regarding health care access and goes on to describe the work of two organizations, Partners in Health and the Association for the Promotion of Integrated Family Health.

Religious outreach to the maritime world in the later seventeenth and eighteenth centuries constituted a movement to overcome the moral hazard of the ocean and to inscribe the sea and seafaring peoples within the Protestant moral order that was increasingly becoming constitutive of English national identity in this period. An analysis of the networks of largely Anglican religious and charitable associations engaged in Christianization efforts throughout the maritime empire opens up the analysis of mercantilism to a plurality of actors that constituted civil society and political authority in the early modern world; as such, it offers a new narrative by which one can understand the multiple processes by which the oceanic space of the Atlantic came to be controlled, patrolled, and nationalized in the eighteenth century.

The recruitment, selection, and evaluation of faculty are covered in this chapter. An examination of the research on interviewing, background checks, and other selection criteria is set forth based on the perspectives of industrial and organizational psychologists. The structure of academic ranks and the way in which faculty move through these ranks and achieve (or do not achieve) promotion and tenure.

This chapter examines health promotion campaigns and policies designed to raise the profile of mental health, and more specifically to help those suffering from mental illness. It begins with an overview of mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, eating disorders, and personality disorders. It then considers the NHS policy on mental health; the mental health promotion strategies in the UK, including the Scottish Health Survey of 2016, the All Wales Mental Health Promotion Network, and the Mental Health Foundation report in Northern Ireland; the implications of the coexistence of physical and mental illness for policy makers and practitioners; and mental health charities such as Anxiety UK, Centre for Mental Health, Rethink Mental Illness, SANE and Time to Change. The chapter also discusses various mental health promotion strategies throughout the UK, locations for mental health promotion, and economic evaluations of mental health promotion.

This chapter provides the theoretic background and working hypotheses for the empirical tests that follow in subsequent chapters. The book is informed by substantial literature in several academic subfields, including but not limited to international political economy, international business studies, development economics, and global value chain research. This chapter builds a cumulative theoretic framework for interpreting multinational innovation and comparative institutionalist perspectives. Prior literature and debate inform the hypotheses presented in this chapter, which involve both country and firm level attributes and resulting investment patterns. The chapter considers ideas from international development studies regarding the role of multinational firms in processes of country growth and technological upgrading, theories of the firm and contemporary pressures for polycentric innovation models, and institutionalist perspectives from political science and political economy. This chapter also provides working definitions for key concepts and how institutions might be analytically separated from host country policies. The chapter emphasizes the theoretic support for the causal mechanisms supposed in the various hypotheses.

This chapter adds a case study of Ireland’s experience with FDI, as a complement to the cross-national investigations of preceding chapters. By considering a single country and its policies and institutions through time, this chapter adds context and policy relevance to the larger claims of the book. Ireland’s potential example for developing countries is considered, as well as its limitations. While Ireland has attracted a large amount of FDI since the 1990s, the country has not consistently exhibited innovation-intensive investment patterns. This chapter empirically examines the investment models adopted by firms in Ireland, and connects these strategies to the history of investment promotion and institutional development. This chapter demonstrates that institutions in Ireland did not until recently prioritize multinational embeddedness in the local economy, and that policymakers missed opportunities for innovation-intensive forms of investment. This chapter utilizes firm surveys, and also considers government support for innovation and domestic linkages. The chapter also contains a discussion of the possible implications of the Irish case.

This chapter summarizes the main arguments of the book and repeats the central empirical findings. Following a brief discussion of the data sources used to support the varied arguments, this chapter considers the lessons for theory and its strong comparative institutionalist perspective. Policy implications of the book are also considered in this chapter, and the link between institutional and policy reform and innovation outcomes is again emphasized. This chapter considers also the limitations of the book, and the ways the book’s arguments and analysis might be constructively challenged/amended in the future. There are a number of issues not explicitly addressed in the book because of its domestic institutionalist focus, including international treaties on intellectual property rights. The chapter concludes with some suggestions on how these future research agendas might be integrated with existing literature.

The Chapter explores the various types and sub-types of investment incentives, including not only the usually considered financial, fiscal and regulatory incentives, but also the less studied but very often used information and technical services, that can be particularly relevant in determining the final location of investment. The chapter also discusses other stimuli to investment location, specifically focusing on the role of investment promotion institutions/agencies (IPAs).

In order to capitalize on local particularities, there was no single blueprint for selling Florida. “The Sunshine State” was both a descriptor of the weather and a hint at the imagined possibilities; but there was also a set of enforcement mechanisms that sought to maintain this hologram of paradise. This chapter lays bare the careful construction of Florida as a product to be sold on the increasingly competitive tourism market. This chapter examines both the image and the support/enforcement structure to show how “The Sunshine State” was deliberately crafted through promotion to outsiders, advice on good citizenship to residents, and selective enforcement of morality through agencies such as the John's Committee. “The Sunshine State” was a product, it was a destination, and it was a dream, but queer men and women were not welcome.

Johnston took a sick leave in 1915 to 1916 to China and was attracted to her charm again. Meanwhile the war effect and the stuck career in the service discouraged him to continue his office. In June 1916, Isabella, Johnston's mother passed away, he once again felt that he had no wish to hear from his family again. Around the same time, Yuan Shikai's reign ended in failure that aroused disappointment of Johnston's wish of "a cleared up China", he wanted to leave the service as soon as the war in Europe was over. Soon when the Great War ended with the surrender of Germany and victory of Britain in late 1918, it was time Johnston could think of his future options: whether to leave Weihai once and for all. Nonetheless, the president of China had decided to appoint an English-speaking tutor for emperor Puyi , this started the new life of Johnston as the imperial tutor since 1919.

Thanks to the rapid expansion of private colleges and universities, India has been able to raise gross enrollment ratios in higher education at a satisfactory pace during the last twenty years. There has not been similar success in raising the quality of higher education, however. India has no universities in the top one hundred in any international rankings, particularly lagging behind in social sciences and humanities. This chapter argues that the key bottleneck is the highly centralized governance system flowing from the archaic University Grants Commission (UGC) Act of 1956. Drawing on the experiences of the United States, United Kingdom, and China, this chapter suggests a complete overhaul of the system, giving autonomy to colleges and universities in all matters and establishing an accreditation system that would evaluate all institutions, with better-performing institutions receiving a larger volume of government funds. Institutions will also be freed to raise their own resources.

This chapter explores how official National Football League publications encouraged and attempted to manage a range of interpretations of professional football. These books set out a playing field and opened it for discussion. Even as liberal social observers worried about pro football’s rising appeal, conservatives celebrated its meritocratic traditionalism, radicals found it terrifying, and journalists increasingly made fun of its pretentions to gravitas, David Boss’s books conveyed the broad notion that football mattered in the broader culture and was worthy of serious intellectual consideration. Without centering on a particular meaning, they emphasized the idea that football mattered in the wider culture.

Bryan Hikari Hartzheim examines how a growing number of top-grossing and popular mobile game titles are extensions of larger media franchises that also stem from other media properties. He posits the licensed mobile game as a flexible, promotional paratext within Japanese video game and anime transmedia franchises such as Dragon Ball and Final Fantasy. As such, his chapter considers the increasingly important role of ancillary, low-budget texts and how they can quickly adapt to changing market conditions to effectively monetize audience interests.