Christopher Hood
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198297659
- eISBN:
- 9780191599484
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198297653.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
In the four chapters of Part II, public management ideas that loosely correspond to each of the four polar world views identified by cultural theory are discussed. Here, the cultural‐theory framework ...
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In the four chapters of Part II, public management ideas that loosely correspond to each of the four polar world views identified by cultural theory are discussed. Here, the cultural‐theory framework is mixed with a historical perspective to survey recurring approaches to public management that can be loosely characterized as hierarchist (this chapter), individualist (Ch. 5), egalitarian (Ch. 6), and fatalist (Ch. 7). Looks briefly and selectively at four classic hierarchist approaches to public management. Two of them (Confucian public management in classical China and the cameralist tradition of early modern Europe) rarely receive a mention in conventional public‐management books—but those older traditions merit attention from present‐day students of public management, and not just for pietist or antiquarian reasons, for they show some of the different contexts in which hierarchist ideas have flourished, and their fate can help assess the strengths and weaknesses of doing public management the hierarchist way. The other two hierarchist approaches discussed are Progressivism and Fabianism.Less
In the four chapters of Part II, public management ideas that loosely correspond to each of the four polar world views identified by cultural theory are discussed. Here, the cultural‐theory framework is mixed with a historical perspective to survey recurring approaches to public management that can be loosely characterized as hierarchist (this chapter), individualist (Ch. 5), egalitarian (Ch. 6), and fatalist (Ch. 7). Looks briefly and selectively at four classic hierarchist approaches to public management. Two of them (Confucian public management in classical China and the cameralist tradition of early modern Europe) rarely receive a mention in conventional public‐management books—but those older traditions merit attention from present‐day students of public management, and not just for pietist or antiquarian reasons, for they show some of the different contexts in which hierarchist ideas have flourished, and their fate can help assess the strengths and weaknesses of doing public management the hierarchist way. The other two hierarchist approaches discussed are Progressivism and Fabianism.
Azar Gat
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207153
- eISBN:
- 9780191677519
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207153.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Military History, History of Ideas
This chapter examines the connection of fascist modernism and the visions of machine warfare by examining two other pronounced modernist ideologies: American Progressivism and Marxism. This chapter ...
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This chapter examines the connection of fascist modernism and the visions of machine warfare by examining two other pronounced modernist ideologies: American Progressivism and Marxism. This chapter discusses Charles A. Lindberg who became the greatest living symbol of the conquest for air which sparked the flames of the fascist expression in the Nazi regime. The present chapter seeks to suggest a more general explanation for the Lindbergh affair and his presumed influence in the insignificant yet influential emergence of fascism in America. The equivalents of the concept of fascism in the form of Populism, Progressivism, American ‘nativism’ and technological modernism are discussed in this chapter.Less
This chapter examines the connection of fascist modernism and the visions of machine warfare by examining two other pronounced modernist ideologies: American Progressivism and Marxism. This chapter discusses Charles A. Lindberg who became the greatest living symbol of the conquest for air which sparked the flames of the fascist expression in the Nazi regime. The present chapter seeks to suggest a more general explanation for the Lindbergh affair and his presumed influence in the insignificant yet influential emergence of fascism in America. The equivalents of the concept of fascism in the form of Populism, Progressivism, American ‘nativism’ and technological modernism are discussed in this chapter.
Lawrence A. Scaff
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691147796
- eISBN:
- 9781400836710
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691147796.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Population and Demography
This chapter examines the origins and direction of Max Weber's thinking as he set his sights on America. It first considers Weber's enthusiasm as a traveler, citing his trips to various countries as ...
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This chapter examines the origins and direction of Max Weber's thinking as he set his sights on America. It first considers Weber's enthusiasm as a traveler, citing his trips to various countries as well as the impact of these journeys on his spirits and his historical imagination. It then discusses one reason why Weber's travel to the United States in 1904: it came just as Weber had turned his attention to the problems of his most famous work—the theme of the relationships among economic action, economic development, and the moral order of society, explored in his two-part essay The Protestant Ethic and the “Spirit” of Capitalism. The chapter explains why the journey became a touchstone for a number of Weber's later reflections on issues on the agenda of American Progressivism, from immigration and race to education, religion, democracy, political economy, and capitalism.Less
This chapter examines the origins and direction of Max Weber's thinking as he set his sights on America. It first considers Weber's enthusiasm as a traveler, citing his trips to various countries as well as the impact of these journeys on his spirits and his historical imagination. It then discusses one reason why Weber's travel to the United States in 1904: it came just as Weber had turned his attention to the problems of his most famous work—the theme of the relationships among economic action, economic development, and the moral order of society, explored in his two-part essay The Protestant Ethic and the “Spirit” of Capitalism. The chapter explains why the journey became a touchstone for a number of Weber's later reflections on issues on the agenda of American Progressivism, from immigration and race to education, religion, democracy, political economy, and capitalism.
Benjamin Heber Johnson
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780300115505
- eISBN:
- 9780300227765
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300115505.001.0001
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Nature
This book is an exploration of the Progressive-era conservation movement, and its lasting effects on American culture, politics, and contemporary environmentalism. The turn of the twentieth century ...
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This book is an exploration of the Progressive-era conservation movement, and its lasting effects on American culture, politics, and contemporary environmentalism. The turn of the twentieth century caught America at a crossroads, shaking the dust from a bygone era and hurtling toward the promises of modernity. Factories, railroads, banks, and oil fields all reshaped the American landscape and people. In the gulf between growing wealth and the ills of an urbanizing nation, the spirit of Progressivism emerged. Promising a return to democracy and a check on concentrated wealth, Progressives confronted this changing relationship to the environment, not only in the countryside but also in dense industrial cities and leafy suburbs. Drawing on extensive work in urban history and Progressive politics, this book weaves together environmental history, material culture, and politics to reveal the successes and failures of the conservation movement and its lasting legacy. By following the efforts of a broad range of people and groups—women's clubs, labor advocates, architects, and politicians—the book shows how conservation embodied the ideals of Progressivism, ultimately becoming one of its most important legacies.Less
This book is an exploration of the Progressive-era conservation movement, and its lasting effects on American culture, politics, and contemporary environmentalism. The turn of the twentieth century caught America at a crossroads, shaking the dust from a bygone era and hurtling toward the promises of modernity. Factories, railroads, banks, and oil fields all reshaped the American landscape and people. In the gulf between growing wealth and the ills of an urbanizing nation, the spirit of Progressivism emerged. Promising a return to democracy and a check on concentrated wealth, Progressives confronted this changing relationship to the environment, not only in the countryside but also in dense industrial cities and leafy suburbs. Drawing on extensive work in urban history and Progressive politics, this book weaves together environmental history, material culture, and politics to reveal the successes and failures of the conservation movement and its lasting legacy. By following the efforts of a broad range of people and groups—women's clubs, labor advocates, architects, and politicians—the book shows how conservation embodied the ideals of Progressivism, ultimately becoming one of its most important legacies.
Merrill D. Peterson
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195096453
- eISBN:
- 9780199853939
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195096453.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
The chapter describes the events after the civil war and how the memory of Lincoln strengthened in the minds of the American nation. He became an object of study for his political thought and ...
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The chapter describes the events after the civil war and how the memory of Lincoln strengthened in the minds of the American nation. He became an object of study for his political thought and practice. This chapter discusses Ida M. Tarbell and her work called the Lincoln Series. She published “Lincoln's Lost Speech” which turned out to be a forgery. This chapter also describes Lincoln's twofold political legacy. The author also touches on “Lincoln's Prophecy” which also turned out to be a fake. The author also discusses Lincoln in relation to Progressivism, and the view of Lincoln in the eyes of the Negroes. This chapter also describes the commemoration of the one hundredth anniversary of Lincoln's birth.Less
The chapter describes the events after the civil war and how the memory of Lincoln strengthened in the minds of the American nation. He became an object of study for his political thought and practice. This chapter discusses Ida M. Tarbell and her work called the Lincoln Series. She published “Lincoln's Lost Speech” which turned out to be a forgery. This chapter also describes Lincoln's twofold political legacy. The author also touches on “Lincoln's Prophecy” which also turned out to be a fake. The author also discusses Lincoln in relation to Progressivism, and the view of Lincoln in the eyes of the Negroes. This chapter also describes the commemoration of the one hundredth anniversary of Lincoln's birth.
Yehouda Shenhav
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199250004
- eISBN:
- 9780191697869
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199250004.003.0007
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies, Business History
This chapter extends this analysis to the Progressive era. During this period the severity of industrial unrest was recognized, and engineers established themselves as arbiters of industrial ...
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This chapter extends this analysis to the Progressive era. During this period the severity of industrial unrest was recognized, and engineers established themselves as arbiters of industrial conflicts. They perceived themselves as gatekeepers situated at the junction between politics and economics and offered management systems — to manufacturers and the public at large — as a solution to political instability. The chapter shows how system discourse gradually replaced the explicit ideological discourse, the process resulting in the depoliticization of the labour struggle.Less
This chapter extends this analysis to the Progressive era. During this period the severity of industrial unrest was recognized, and engineers established themselves as arbiters of industrial conflicts. They perceived themselves as gatekeepers situated at the junction between politics and economics and offered management systems — to manufacturers and the public at large — as a solution to political instability. The chapter shows how system discourse gradually replaced the explicit ideological discourse, the process resulting in the depoliticization of the labour struggle.
Rebecca Tinio McKenna
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780226417769
- eISBN:
- 9780226417936
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226417936.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
Through an exploration of a Daniel Burnham-designed colonial hill station in the mountains of northern Luzon called Baguio, this book examines the literal and figurative architecture of U.S. ...
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Through an exploration of a Daniel Burnham-designed colonial hill station in the mountains of northern Luzon called Baguio, this book examines the literal and figurative architecture of U.S. imperialism in the Philippines. Tracking the Pacific crossings of famed Progressives like Burnham and tracing the transformation of Philippine pastureland into American pastoral retreat, the book shows how colonial rule and subjects of rule were generated in the face of Philippine resistance, the contradictions of imperial ideology, and in place. Chapters examine subject and capital formation through acts of dispossession that underwrote the making of the colonial retreat in the first decades of the twentieth century. Collectively, they challenge the abstraction and seeming invisibility of the United States’ emergent market empire by excavating the formal aspects of American power and the labor of building it.Less
Through an exploration of a Daniel Burnham-designed colonial hill station in the mountains of northern Luzon called Baguio, this book examines the literal and figurative architecture of U.S. imperialism in the Philippines. Tracking the Pacific crossings of famed Progressives like Burnham and tracing the transformation of Philippine pastureland into American pastoral retreat, the book shows how colonial rule and subjects of rule were generated in the face of Philippine resistance, the contradictions of imperial ideology, and in place. Chapters examine subject and capital formation through acts of dispossession that underwrote the making of the colonial retreat in the first decades of the twentieth century. Collectively, they challenge the abstraction and seeming invisibility of the United States’ emergent market empire by excavating the formal aspects of American power and the labor of building it.
Rob Christensen
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781469651040
- eISBN:
- 9781469651064
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469651040.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Louisiana had the Longs, Virginia had the Byrds, Georgia had the Talmadges, and North Carolina had the Scotts. In this history of North Carolina’s most influential political family, Rob Christensen ...
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Louisiana had the Longs, Virginia had the Byrds, Georgia had the Talmadges, and North Carolina had the Scotts. In this history of North Carolina’s most influential political family, Rob Christensen tells the story of the Scotts and how they dominated Tar Heel politics. Three generations of Scotts – W. Kerr Scott, Robert Scott, and Meg Scott Phipps – held statewide office. Despite stereotypes about rural white southerners, the Scotts led a populist and progressive movement strongly supported by rural North Carolinians – the so-called Branchhead Boys, the rural grassroots voters who lived at the heads of tributaries throughout the heat of North Carolina. Though the Scotts held power in various government positions in North Carolina for generations, they were instrumental in their own downfall. From Kerr Scott’s regression into reactionary race politics to Meg Scott Phipps’s corruption trial and subsequent prison sentence, the Scott family lost favor in their home state, their influence dimmed and their legacy in question.
Weaving together interviews from dozens of political luminaries and deep archival research, Christensen offers an engaging and definitive historical account of not only the Scott family’s legacy but also how race and populism informed North Carolina politics during the twentieth century.Less
Louisiana had the Longs, Virginia had the Byrds, Georgia had the Talmadges, and North Carolina had the Scotts. In this history of North Carolina’s most influential political family, Rob Christensen tells the story of the Scotts and how they dominated Tar Heel politics. Three generations of Scotts – W. Kerr Scott, Robert Scott, and Meg Scott Phipps – held statewide office. Despite stereotypes about rural white southerners, the Scotts led a populist and progressive movement strongly supported by rural North Carolinians – the so-called Branchhead Boys, the rural grassroots voters who lived at the heads of tributaries throughout the heat of North Carolina. Though the Scotts held power in various government positions in North Carolina for generations, they were instrumental in their own downfall. From Kerr Scott’s regression into reactionary race politics to Meg Scott Phipps’s corruption trial and subsequent prison sentence, the Scott family lost favor in their home state, their influence dimmed and their legacy in question.
Weaving together interviews from dozens of political luminaries and deep archival research, Christensen offers an engaging and definitive historical account of not only the Scott family’s legacy but also how race and populism informed North Carolina politics during the twentieth century.
Jeffrey Burton Russell
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195334586
- eISBN:
- 9780199851423
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195334586.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
Disenchantment grew greater in the nineteenth century, under the spell of alleged material Progress. Physicalism dominated elite circles and seeped down into popular assumptions. On the other hand, ...
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Disenchantment grew greater in the nineteenth century, under the spell of alleged material Progress. Physicalism dominated elite circles and seeped down into popular assumptions. On the other hand, various idealist philosophical systems and literary movements attacked physicalism from a variety of angles. For both sides, the idea of Progress through development was central. It was believed that humans are moving ahead to a better world here on earth rather than in heaven. The debate about physicalist Progress centered on the term “evolution”. One was asked to be for or against evolution or to believe or disbelieve in evolution. In the Christian tradition, the idea of Progress assumed that humanity progresses spiritually. By the nineteenth century, Progress meant that humanity progresses materially. Views of heaven, whether traditional, sentimental, or intellectual, were later challenged by the most important trend of the later nineteenth century, physicalist evolution.Less
Disenchantment grew greater in the nineteenth century, under the spell of alleged material Progress. Physicalism dominated elite circles and seeped down into popular assumptions. On the other hand, various idealist philosophical systems and literary movements attacked physicalism from a variety of angles. For both sides, the idea of Progress through development was central. It was believed that humans are moving ahead to a better world here on earth rather than in heaven. The debate about physicalist Progress centered on the term “evolution”. One was asked to be for or against evolution or to believe or disbelieve in evolution. In the Christian tradition, the idea of Progress assumed that humanity progresses spiritually. By the nineteenth century, Progress meant that humanity progresses materially. Views of heaven, whether traditional, sentimental, or intellectual, were later challenged by the most important trend of the later nineteenth century, physicalist evolution.
Stephen Skowronek, Stephen M Engel, and Bruce Ackerman (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780300204841
- eISBN:
- 9780300225099
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300204841.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This book looks at how the Progressive Era redefined the playing field for conservatives and liberals alike. During the 1912 presidential campaign, Progressivism emerged as an alternative to what was ...
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This book looks at how the Progressive Era redefined the playing field for conservatives and liberals alike. During the 1912 presidential campaign, Progressivism emerged as an alternative to what was then considered an outmoded system of government. A century later, a new generation of conservatives criticizes Progressivism as having abandoned America's founding values and miring the government in institutional gridlock. This book examines a broad range of issues, including Progressives' interpretation of the Constitution, their expansion and redistribution of individual rights, and reforms meant to shift power from political parties to ordinary citizens.Less
This book looks at how the Progressive Era redefined the playing field for conservatives and liberals alike. During the 1912 presidential campaign, Progressivism emerged as an alternative to what was then considered an outmoded system of government. A century later, a new generation of conservatives criticizes Progressivism as having abandoned America's founding values and miring the government in institutional gridlock. This book examines a broad range of issues, including Progressives' interpretation of the Constitution, their expansion and redistribution of individual rights, and reforms meant to shift power from political parties to ordinary citizens.
John Weber
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469625232
- eISBN:
- 9781469625256
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469625232.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter examines the ways in which the new farm elite sought to shape South Texas according to their interests. Newcomer farmers dismantled older political structures and established a strictly ...
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This chapter examines the ways in which the new farm elite sought to shape South Texas according to their interests. Newcomer farmers dismantled older political structures and established a strictly segregated social and political environment, culminating in efforts to immobilize the surplus labor pool within South Texas. Through their combined efforts, agricultural and political interests created the South Texas model of labor relations, whereby farming interests guaranteed themselves cheap and plentiful labor through a varied regime of labor controls and a reliance on continuous influxes of workers from Mexico. Through a complete overhaul of the political system and the establishment of rigid segregation, farming interests sought to impose labor controls on the working population that would guarantee an eternal oversupply of available labor.Less
This chapter examines the ways in which the new farm elite sought to shape South Texas according to their interests. Newcomer farmers dismantled older political structures and established a strictly segregated social and political environment, culminating in efforts to immobilize the surplus labor pool within South Texas. Through their combined efforts, agricultural and political interests created the South Texas model of labor relations, whereby farming interests guaranteed themselves cheap and plentiful labor through a varied regime of labor controls and a reliance on continuous influxes of workers from Mexico. Through a complete overhaul of the political system and the establishment of rigid segregation, farming interests sought to impose labor controls on the working population that would guarantee an eternal oversupply of available labor.
Ashley Baggett
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781496815217
- eISBN:
- 9781496815255
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496815217.003.0008
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Gender Studies
After the South reversed intimate partner violence reform, the North did too. Progressivism emphasized reliance on experts, and science grew as a field during the early twentieth century. Biologists ...
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After the South reversed intimate partner violence reform, the North did too. Progressivism emphasized reliance on experts, and science grew as a field during the early twentieth century. Biologists warned against women’s growing rights, claiming family and the entire nation would suffer as a consequence. The field of psychology and social work also grew during the period. Social workers pushed for the creation of family courts, in which decisions of intimate partner violence would be decided. These new professions upheld conservative definitions of womanhood and pushed to uphold the family whatever the cost. This process effectively decriminalized abuseLess
After the South reversed intimate partner violence reform, the North did too. Progressivism emphasized reliance on experts, and science grew as a field during the early twentieth century. Biologists warned against women’s growing rights, claiming family and the entire nation would suffer as a consequence. The field of psychology and social work also grew during the period. Social workers pushed for the creation of family courts, in which decisions of intimate partner violence would be decided. These new professions upheld conservative definitions of womanhood and pushed to uphold the family whatever the cost. This process effectively decriminalized abuse
Stephen Skowronek, John A. Dearborn, and Desmond King
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- February 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780197543085
- eISBN:
- 9780197543115
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780197543085.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
As the nation’s chief executive, Donald Trump pitted himself repeatedly against the institutions and personnel of the executive branch. In the process, two once-obscure concepts came center stage in ...
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As the nation’s chief executive, Donald Trump pitted himself repeatedly against the institutions and personnel of the executive branch. In the process, two once-obscure concepts came center stage in an eerie face-off. On one side was the specter of a “Deep State” conspiracy – administrators threatening to thwart the will of the people and undercut the constitutional authority of the president they elected to lead them. On the other side was a raw personalization of presidential power, one that a theory of “the unitary executive” gussied up and allowed to run roughshod over reason and the rule of law. The Deep State and the unitary executive framed every major contest of the Trump presidency. Like phantom twins, they drew each other out and wrestled to light basic issues of governance long suppressed.
Though this conflict reached a fever pitch during the Trump presidency, it is not new. Stephen Skowronek, John A. Dearborn, and Desmond King trace the tensions between presidential power and the depth of the American state back through the decades and forward through the various settlements arrived at in previous eras. Phantoms of a Beleaguered Republic is about the breakdown of settlements and the abiding vulnerabilities of a Constitution that gave scant attention to administrative power. Rather than simply dump on Trump, the authors provide a richly historical perspective on the conflicts that rocked his presidency, and they explain why, if left untamed, the phantom twins will continue to pull American government apart.Less
As the nation’s chief executive, Donald Trump pitted himself repeatedly against the institutions and personnel of the executive branch. In the process, two once-obscure concepts came center stage in an eerie face-off. On one side was the specter of a “Deep State” conspiracy – administrators threatening to thwart the will of the people and undercut the constitutional authority of the president they elected to lead them. On the other side was a raw personalization of presidential power, one that a theory of “the unitary executive” gussied up and allowed to run roughshod over reason and the rule of law. The Deep State and the unitary executive framed every major contest of the Trump presidency. Like phantom twins, they drew each other out and wrestled to light basic issues of governance long suppressed.
Though this conflict reached a fever pitch during the Trump presidency, it is not new. Stephen Skowronek, John A. Dearborn, and Desmond King trace the tensions between presidential power and the depth of the American state back through the decades and forward through the various settlements arrived at in previous eras. Phantoms of a Beleaguered Republic is about the breakdown of settlements and the abiding vulnerabilities of a Constitution that gave scant attention to administrative power. Rather than simply dump on Trump, the authors provide a richly historical perspective on the conflicts that rocked his presidency, and they explain why, if left untamed, the phantom twins will continue to pull American government apart.
Bill Jenkins
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781474445788
- eISBN:
- 9781474476515
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474445788.003.0006
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Scottish Studies
The penultimate chapter looks at the longer-term impact of the efflorescence of evolutionary speculation in early-nineteenth-century Edinburgh on later generations of natural historians. First it ...
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The penultimate chapter looks at the longer-term impact of the efflorescence of evolutionary speculation in early-nineteenth-century Edinburgh on later generations of natural historians. First it examines the evangelical reaction against progressive models of the history of life and its role in the eclipse of the ‘Edinburgh Lamarckians.’ Next it examines to the evolutionary theory proposed by Robert Chambers in his anonymously published Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation (1844) to assess its possible debt to the Edinburgh transformists of the 1820s and 1830s. Finally it turns to the important question of the possible influence of the ‘Edinburgh Lamarckians’ on Charles Darwin during his time as a medical student in Edinburgh in the years 1825 to 1827, during which period he rubbed shoulders with many of the key proponents of evolutionary ideas in the city.Less
The penultimate chapter looks at the longer-term impact of the efflorescence of evolutionary speculation in early-nineteenth-century Edinburgh on later generations of natural historians. First it examines the evangelical reaction against progressive models of the history of life and its role in the eclipse of the ‘Edinburgh Lamarckians.’ Next it examines to the evolutionary theory proposed by Robert Chambers in his anonymously published Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation (1844) to assess its possible debt to the Edinburgh transformists of the 1820s and 1830s. Finally it turns to the important question of the possible influence of the ‘Edinburgh Lamarckians’ on Charles Darwin during his time as a medical student in Edinburgh in the years 1825 to 1827, during which period he rubbed shoulders with many of the key proponents of evolutionary ideas in the city.
Nathaniel Cadle
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9781469618456
- eISBN:
- 9781469618470
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469618456.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, American, 20th Century Literature
This book examines conceptualizations of globalization that coalesced in American culture during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, as well as the intersection between late realism ...
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This book examines conceptualizations of globalization that coalesced in American culture during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, as well as the intersection between late realism and Progressivism. Citing Woodrow Wilson's concept of the United States as a mediating nation, which he articulated in his April 1915 speech, the book explores how some of the most articulate writers and intellectuals of the period—such as William Dean Howells, Henry James, Abraham Cahan, Knut Hamsun, Jane Addams, W. E. B. Du Bois, Louis Brandeis, and Randolph Bourne—explained and exploited America's growing global power. It demonstrates how realism emerged as a literary mode that represented the increasingly global currents of U.S. society and culture in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and how the modes of transnational circulation that preoccupy Wilson in his speech were exploited to help define or redefine the United States' role in the world.Less
This book examines conceptualizations of globalization that coalesced in American culture during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, as well as the intersection between late realism and Progressivism. Citing Woodrow Wilson's concept of the United States as a mediating nation, which he articulated in his April 1915 speech, the book explores how some of the most articulate writers and intellectuals of the period—such as William Dean Howells, Henry James, Abraham Cahan, Knut Hamsun, Jane Addams, W. E. B. Du Bois, Louis Brandeis, and Randolph Bourne—explained and exploited America's growing global power. It demonstrates how realism emerged as a literary mode that represented the increasingly global currents of U.S. society and culture in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and how the modes of transnational circulation that preoccupy Wilson in his speech were exploited to help define or redefine the United States' role in the world.
Nathaniel Cadle
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9781469618456
- eISBN:
- 9781469618470
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469618456.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, American, 20th Century Literature
This chapter explores the relationship between shifting notions of literary cosmopolitanism, emerging discourse about internationalism, and the concept of world-salvation. It looks at the efforts of ...
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This chapter explores the relationship between shifting notions of literary cosmopolitanism, emerging discourse about internationalism, and the concept of world-salvation. It looks at the efforts of intellectuals and elite literary figures to articulate the role of the state in an increasingly globalized society at the turn of the twentieth century. More specifically, it considers the literary use of cosmopolitanism, internationalism, and world-salvation within a wider social and political context, focusing on how these words were deployed by prominent intellectuals such as William James and W. E. B. Du Bois. It also discusses cosmopolitanism in relation to contemporaneous discussions of world literature. Finally, the chapter examines Progressivism in the United States as well as the political and social context in which late realism was embedded and sought to intervene.Less
This chapter explores the relationship between shifting notions of literary cosmopolitanism, emerging discourse about internationalism, and the concept of world-salvation. It looks at the efforts of intellectuals and elite literary figures to articulate the role of the state in an increasingly globalized society at the turn of the twentieth century. More specifically, it considers the literary use of cosmopolitanism, internationalism, and world-salvation within a wider social and political context, focusing on how these words were deployed by prominent intellectuals such as William James and W. E. B. Du Bois. It also discusses cosmopolitanism in relation to contemporaneous discussions of world literature. Finally, the chapter examines Progressivism in the United States as well as the political and social context in which late realism was embedded and sought to intervene.
Donald Worster
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780195092646
- eISBN:
- 9780197560693
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780195092646.003.0009
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmentalist Thought and Ideology
Last year marked the fiftieth anniversary of a landmark event in American agricultural and conservation history, and few seem to be aware of the fact. In April 1935, ...
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Last year marked the fiftieth anniversary of a landmark event in American agricultural and conservation history, and few seem to be aware of the fact. In April 1935, Congress passed the Soil Erosion Act, the first effort in the United States to establish a nationwide, comprehensive program to preserve the very earth on which farming and rural life depend. That act committed the nation to a permanent program of research and action to stop “the wastage of soil and moisture resources on farm, grazing, and forest lands.” Describing erosion as “a menace to the national welfare,” it promised action on private as well as public lands, even to the point of condemning and purchasing private properties when inducements to good practices proved ineffective. And the act established within the Department of Agriculture a new agency, the Soil Conservation Service (SCS), to carry out the work. Now, after fifty years, it is appropriate to ask what cultural forces produced this 1935 commitment and to speculate about what our attitude, our commitment, is today. What have we as a people done with our soil since the act was passed? What have we learned about preserving the soil and what have we forgotten? The South, soil-conscious and erosion-plagued beyond other regions, played an extraordinary role in preparing the way for the 1935 act. It furnished both lessons in consequences and leaders for reform. From an earlier period, a succession of southern leaders had warned of the dangers of soil depletion and erosion. Thomas Jefferson, for example, wrote in 1819 of a land carelessness that, if not ended, would force planters to abandon their Virginia fields and “run away to Alibama (sic), as so many of our countrymen are doing, who find it easier to resolve on quitting their country, than to change the practices in husbandry to which they have been brought up.” After him, men like Edmund Ruffin preached the gospel of lime, of “calcareous manure,” up and down the land, earnestly calling for stability, conservation, and a permanent agriculture for the region.
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Last year marked the fiftieth anniversary of a landmark event in American agricultural and conservation history, and few seem to be aware of the fact. In April 1935, Congress passed the Soil Erosion Act, the first effort in the United States to establish a nationwide, comprehensive program to preserve the very earth on which farming and rural life depend. That act committed the nation to a permanent program of research and action to stop “the wastage of soil and moisture resources on farm, grazing, and forest lands.” Describing erosion as “a menace to the national welfare,” it promised action on private as well as public lands, even to the point of condemning and purchasing private properties when inducements to good practices proved ineffective. And the act established within the Department of Agriculture a new agency, the Soil Conservation Service (SCS), to carry out the work. Now, after fifty years, it is appropriate to ask what cultural forces produced this 1935 commitment and to speculate about what our attitude, our commitment, is today. What have we as a people done with our soil since the act was passed? What have we learned about preserving the soil and what have we forgotten? The South, soil-conscious and erosion-plagued beyond other regions, played an extraordinary role in preparing the way for the 1935 act. It furnished both lessons in consequences and leaders for reform. From an earlier period, a succession of southern leaders had warned of the dangers of soil depletion and erosion. Thomas Jefferson, for example, wrote in 1819 of a land carelessness that, if not ended, would force planters to abandon their Virginia fields and “run away to Alibama (sic), as so many of our countrymen are doing, who find it easier to resolve on quitting their country, than to change the practices in husbandry to which they have been brought up.” After him, men like Edmund Ruffin preached the gospel of lime, of “calcareous manure,” up and down the land, earnestly calling for stability, conservation, and a permanent agriculture for the region.
Amy Aronson
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780199948734
- eISBN:
- 9780190912864
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199948734.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century, Social History
Crystal Eastman was a central figure in many of the defining social movements of the twentieth century—labor, feminism, internationalism, free speech, peace. She drafted America’s first serious ...
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Crystal Eastman was a central figure in many of the defining social movements of the twentieth century—labor, feminism, internationalism, free speech, peace. She drafted America’s first serious workers’ compensation law. She helped found the National Woman’s Party and is credited as coauthor of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). She helped found the Woman’s Peace Party—today, the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF)—and the American Union against Militarism. She copublished the Liberator magazine. And she engineered the founding the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). Eastman worked side by side with national and international suffrage leaders, renowned Progressive reformers and legislators, birth control advocates, civil rights champions, and revolutionary writers and artists. She traveled with a transatlantic crowd of boundary breakers and innovators. And in virtually every arena she entered, she was one of the most memorable women known to her allies and adversaries alike. Yet today, her legacy is oddly ambiguous. She is commemorated, paradoxically, as one of the most neglected feminist leaders in American history. This first full-length biography recovers the revealing story of a woman who attained rare political influence and left a thought-provoking legacy in ongoing struggles. The social justice issues she cared about—gender equality and human rights, nationalism and globalization, political censorship and media control, worker benefits and family balance, and the monumental questions of war, sovereignty, force, and freedom—remain some of the most consequential questions of our own time.Less
Crystal Eastman was a central figure in many of the defining social movements of the twentieth century—labor, feminism, internationalism, free speech, peace. She drafted America’s first serious workers’ compensation law. She helped found the National Woman’s Party and is credited as coauthor of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). She helped found the Woman’s Peace Party—today, the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF)—and the American Union against Militarism. She copublished the Liberator magazine. And she engineered the founding the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). Eastman worked side by side with national and international suffrage leaders, renowned Progressive reformers and legislators, birth control advocates, civil rights champions, and revolutionary writers and artists. She traveled with a transatlantic crowd of boundary breakers and innovators. And in virtually every arena she entered, she was one of the most memorable women known to her allies and adversaries alike. Yet today, her legacy is oddly ambiguous. She is commemorated, paradoxically, as one of the most neglected feminist leaders in American history. This first full-length biography recovers the revealing story of a woman who attained rare political influence and left a thought-provoking legacy in ongoing struggles. The social justice issues she cared about—gender equality and human rights, nationalism and globalization, political censorship and media control, worker benefits and family balance, and the monumental questions of war, sovereignty, force, and freedom—remain some of the most consequential questions of our own time.
Johnathan O'Neill
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780823251940
- eISBN:
- 9780823253012
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823251940.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
For decades scholars have argued that social Darwinism and laissez- faire ideology transfixed early twentieth-century American constitutionalism. This view has been considerably undermined by a wave ...
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For decades scholars have argued that social Darwinism and laissez- faire ideology transfixed early twentieth-century American constitutionalism. This view has been considerably undermined by a wave of revisionism which argues that conservatives of the so-called Lochner-era respected the law and the Constitution. This chapter builds on this revisionism by examining non-jurisprudential constitutional commentary among a small but notable group of intellectuals, officials, and scholars who responded to progressivism and socialism based on their self- understanding as constitutional conservatives. Frequently they measured the constitutional challenges of their time against those of the Civil War and Reconstruction era. At the center of this development was the National Association for Constitutional Government (NACG) and its journal, Constitutional Review, which ran from 1917 to 1929. The publication's circulation was never large, but NACG, the Review, and a few other like-minded public figures sustained a conservative constitutional position throughout the1920s.Less
For decades scholars have argued that social Darwinism and laissez- faire ideology transfixed early twentieth-century American constitutionalism. This view has been considerably undermined by a wave of revisionism which argues that conservatives of the so-called Lochner-era respected the law and the Constitution. This chapter builds on this revisionism by examining non-jurisprudential constitutional commentary among a small but notable group of intellectuals, officials, and scholars who responded to progressivism and socialism based on their self- understanding as constitutional conservatives. Frequently they measured the constitutional challenges of their time against those of the Civil War and Reconstruction era. At the center of this development was the National Association for Constitutional Government (NACG) and its journal, Constitutional Review, which ran from 1917 to 1929. The publication's circulation was never large, but NACG, the Review, and a few other like-minded public figures sustained a conservative constitutional position throughout the1920s.
Kathleen Sprows Cummings
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807831021
- eISBN:
- 9781469605173
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807867990_brekus.11
- Subject:
- Religion, Religious Studies
This chapter examines the Americanist controversy and the relationship between Catholicism and Progressivism in the early twentieth century. Focusing on the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur, and ...
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This chapter examines the Americanist controversy and the relationship between Catholicism and Progressivism in the early twentieth century. Focusing on the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur, and drawing on both social history and gender history, it shows how Progressive ideals have shaped Catholicism and links Americanism, a late nineteenth-century ideological conflict in the Catholic Church, to anxieties over the “new woman.” The chapter also considers the founding of Trinity College for Catholic women in Washington, D.C. in the context of women's history, as well as the college's connection to Americanism. By doing so, it shows that the construction of gender was related to the articulation of religious identity in America during the Progressive Era.Less
This chapter examines the Americanist controversy and the relationship between Catholicism and Progressivism in the early twentieth century. Focusing on the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur, and drawing on both social history and gender history, it shows how Progressive ideals have shaped Catholicism and links Americanism, a late nineteenth-century ideological conflict in the Catholic Church, to anxieties over the “new woman.” The chapter also considers the founding of Trinity College for Catholic women in Washington, D.C. in the context of women's history, as well as the college's connection to Americanism. By doing so, it shows that the construction of gender was related to the articulation of religious identity in America during the Progressive Era.
