Neil M. Maher
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195306019
- eISBN:
- 9780199867820
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195306019.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Chapter One examines the ideological origins of New Deal conservation and the CCC. It begins by showing how the idea for the Corps originated both from Roosevelt's early experiences with the ...
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Chapter One examines the ideological origins of New Deal conservation and the CCC. It begins by showing how the idea for the Corps originated both from Roosevelt's early experiences with the Progressive conservation movement, and, more surprisingly, from his lifelong involvement with the Boy Scouts. Similar to many progressive reform efforts such as the city beautiful, playground, and urban parks movements, the Boy Scouts promoted the notion that social behavior could be shaped by manipulating one's physical surroundings or environment. Chapter One illustrates how this philosophy not only influenced Roosevelt's decision to create the Corps, which like the Boy Scouts took young men from diseased urban settings and placed them in healthful environments in nature, but also greatly influenced early New Deal politics. The creation of work relief programs that put urban men to work in rural areas, Roosevelt knew from experiences as governor of New York, significantly raised his political capital. Creating the Corps, this chapter concludes, not only introduced the Boy Scout philosophy to the conservation movement but also helped the new president jump-start the New Deal.Less
Chapter One examines the ideological origins of New Deal conservation and the CCC. It begins by showing how the idea for the Corps originated both from Roosevelt's early experiences with the Progressive conservation movement, and, more surprisingly, from his lifelong involvement with the Boy Scouts. Similar to many progressive reform efforts such as the city beautiful, playground, and urban parks movements, the Boy Scouts promoted the notion that social behavior could be shaped by manipulating one's physical surroundings or environment. Chapter One illustrates how this philosophy not only influenced Roosevelt's decision to create the Corps, which like the Boy Scouts took young men from diseased urban settings and placed them in healthful environments in nature, but also greatly influenced early New Deal politics. The creation of work relief programs that put urban men to work in rural areas, Roosevelt knew from experiences as governor of New York, significantly raised his political capital. Creating the Corps, this chapter concludes, not only introduced the Boy Scout philosophy to the conservation movement but also helped the new president jump-start the New Deal.
Nancy Woloch
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691002590
- eISBN:
- 9781400866366
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691002590.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter describes the context in which the Progressive campaign for protective laws arose, assessing reformers' rationales and the oppositions they faced. Passage of the 1893 Illinois law marked ...
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This chapter describes the context in which the Progressive campaign for protective laws arose, assessing reformers' rationales and the oppositions they faced. Passage of the 1893 Illinois law marked the start of the Progressive Era campaign for protective labor laws. Through law, reformers hoped to impose standards on factories and improve the lives of industrial workers. Resistance to laws that affected men—from courts, legislators, unions, and public opinion—made protective laws for women and children imperative; reformers hoped that they would provide precedents for more “general” laws. Thus, single-sex laws became a crucial link in protectionist plans. The campaign for protective laws involved a range of supporters but rested largely on a dynamic organization, the National Consumers' League (NCL), and its determined leader, Florence Kelley (1859–1932), and the small group of activists that shaped its development.Less
This chapter describes the context in which the Progressive campaign for protective laws arose, assessing reformers' rationales and the oppositions they faced. Passage of the 1893 Illinois law marked the start of the Progressive Era campaign for protective labor laws. Through law, reformers hoped to impose standards on factories and improve the lives of industrial workers. Resistance to laws that affected men—from courts, legislators, unions, and public opinion—made protective laws for women and children imperative; reformers hoped that they would provide precedents for more “general” laws. Thus, single-sex laws became a crucial link in protectionist plans. The campaign for protective laws involved a range of supporters but rested largely on a dynamic organization, the National Consumers' League (NCL), and its determined leader, Florence Kelley (1859–1932), and the small group of activists that shaped its development.
Justin Crowe
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691152936
- eISBN:
- 9781400842575
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691152936.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter considers the restructuring of the federal judiciary during the period of Republican dominance from the inauguration of Rutherford B. Hayes in 1877 to the inauguration of Woodrow Wilson ...
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This chapter considers the restructuring of the federal judiciary during the period of Republican dominance from the inauguration of Rutherford B. Hayes in 1877 to the inauguration of Woodrow Wilson in 1913. It shows that Gilded Age and Progressive Era politicians pursued judicial reform that focused less on the extent of judicial power and more on the structural logic and internal consistency of the institutional judiciary more generally. The chapter discusses the two stages in which judicial institution building occurred during the period: first, the Gilded Age attempt to unburden the Supreme Court by appointing a new slate of judges to staff circuit courts (1877–1891); and second, the Progressive Era unification and synchronization of all laws concerning the judiciary in one statute (1892–1914). The role played by Republicans and Democrats in judicial institution building in the Gilded Age and Progressive Era is also examined.Less
This chapter considers the restructuring of the federal judiciary during the period of Republican dominance from the inauguration of Rutherford B. Hayes in 1877 to the inauguration of Woodrow Wilson in 1913. It shows that Gilded Age and Progressive Era politicians pursued judicial reform that focused less on the extent of judicial power and more on the structural logic and internal consistency of the institutional judiciary more generally. The chapter discusses the two stages in which judicial institution building occurred during the period: first, the Gilded Age attempt to unburden the Supreme Court by appointing a new slate of judges to staff circuit courts (1877–1891); and second, the Progressive Era unification and synchronization of all laws concerning the judiciary in one statute (1892–1914). The role played by Republicans and Democrats in judicial institution building in the Gilded Age and Progressive Era is also examined.
Christopher McKnight Nichols
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195342536
- eISBN:
- 9780199867042
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195342536.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter examines three important strands of progressive thought in the late nineteenth century to reveal the tensions between ideas about progress, religion, and science, and resulting ...
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This chapter examines three important strands of progressive thought in the late nineteenth century to reveal the tensions between ideas about progress, religion, and science, and resulting predictions about America's religious future. This chapter first delineates a populist‐secular group of thinkers, exemplified by Robert Ingersoll, “the great agnostic” proponent of freethinking, whose prophecies blended the older jeremiad form with a heightened emphasis on atheistical science and Enlightment rationality. The second strand of thought explored in this chapter came from the ranks of progressive intellectuals, represented in part by the powerful pragmatic philosophy of religion developed by William James in his book, Varieties of Religious Experience. Finally, this chapter argues for a third diverse group comprised largely of ministers and social gospel activists, such as Walter Rauschenbusch, who attempted to reform the nation along explicitly Christian lines.Less
This chapter examines three important strands of progressive thought in the late nineteenth century to reveal the tensions between ideas about progress, religion, and science, and resulting predictions about America's religious future. This chapter first delineates a populist‐secular group of thinkers, exemplified by Robert Ingersoll, “the great agnostic” proponent of freethinking, whose prophecies blended the older jeremiad form with a heightened emphasis on atheistical science and Enlightment rationality. The second strand of thought explored in this chapter came from the ranks of progressive intellectuals, represented in part by the powerful pragmatic philosophy of religion developed by William James in his book, Varieties of Religious Experience. Finally, this chapter argues for a third diverse group comprised largely of ministers and social gospel activists, such as Walter Rauschenbusch, who attempted to reform the nation along explicitly Christian lines.
Robert T. Handy
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195317145
- eISBN:
- 9780199851386
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195317145.003.0011
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This chapter shows how closely religious expectations fit with major political developments during the Progressive Era. This account of American religion at the turn of the twentieth century serves ...
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This chapter shows how closely religious expectations fit with major political developments during the Progressive Era. This account of American religion at the turn of the twentieth century serves also as a summary of ecclesiastical developments at that time and as a base from which to interpret the startling changes of the twentieth century.Less
This chapter shows how closely religious expectations fit with major political developments during the Progressive Era. This account of American religion at the turn of the twentieth century serves also as a summary of ecclesiastical developments at that time and as a base from which to interpret the startling changes of the twentieth century.
Neil M. Maher
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195306019
- eISBN:
- 9780199867820
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195306019.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This introduction asks two questions that are central to this book. First, how did Progressive Era conservation become post–World War II environmentalism? And second, how did Franklin Roosevelt forge ...
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This introduction asks two questions that are central to this book. First, how did Progressive Era conservation become post–World War II environmentalism? And second, how did Franklin Roosevelt forge and maintain his liberal New Deal coalition? One answer to both questions, the introduction argues, is the New Deal's unique brand of conservation. The introduction then describes the differences between conservation and environmentalism, explaining that while progressive conservation involved elites interested in the efficient use of natural resources, postwar environmentalism represented a more grassroots phenomenon concerned with more human-centered and non-utilitarian issues including wilderness preservation, ecological balance, and health through outdoor recreation. This introduction also explains the peculiar politics of Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal coalition, which brought together an unlikely alliance of eastern intellectuals and western farmers, urban immigrants and rural native-born Americans, the American working class and a particular type of industrial capitalist. The introduction concludes by suggesting that New Deal conservation in general, and the CCC in particular, helped transform progressive conservation into postwar environmentalism while simultaneously aiding Franklin Roosevelt in overcoming various divisions within this New Deal coalition.Less
This introduction asks two questions that are central to this book. First, how did Progressive Era conservation become post–World War II environmentalism? And second, how did Franklin Roosevelt forge and maintain his liberal New Deal coalition? One answer to both questions, the introduction argues, is the New Deal's unique brand of conservation. The introduction then describes the differences between conservation and environmentalism, explaining that while progressive conservation involved elites interested in the efficient use of natural resources, postwar environmentalism represented a more grassroots phenomenon concerned with more human-centered and non-utilitarian issues including wilderness preservation, ecological balance, and health through outdoor recreation. This introduction also explains the peculiar politics of Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal coalition, which brought together an unlikely alliance of eastern intellectuals and western farmers, urban immigrants and rural native-born Americans, the American working class and a particular type of industrial capitalist. The introduction concludes by suggesting that New Deal conservation in general, and the CCC in particular, helped transform progressive conservation into postwar environmentalism while simultaneously aiding Franklin Roosevelt in overcoming various divisions within this New Deal coalition.
Cybelle Fox
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691152233
- eISBN:
- 9781400842582
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691152233.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
This book examines the role of race and immigration in the development of the American social welfare system by comparing how blacks, Mexicans, and European immigrants were treated by welfare ...
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This book examines the role of race and immigration in the development of the American social welfare system by comparing how blacks, Mexicans, and European immigrants were treated by welfare policies during the Progressive Era and the New Deal. Taking readers from the turn of the twentieth century to the dark days of the Depression, the book finds that, despite rampant nativism, European immigrants received generous access to social welfare programs. The communities in which they lived invested heavily in relief. Social workers protected them from snooping immigration agents, and ensured that noncitizenship and illegal status did not prevent them from receiving the assistance they needed. But that same helping hand was not extended to Mexicans and blacks. The book reveals, for example, how blacks were relegated to racist and degrading public assistance programs, while Mexicans who asked for assistance were deported with the help of the very social workers they turned to for aid. Drawing on a wealth of archival evidence, the book paints a riveting portrait of how race, labor, and politics combined to create three starkly different worlds of relief. It debunks the myth that white America's immigrant ancestors pulled themselves up by their bootstraps, unlike immigrants and minorities today. The book challenges us to reconsider not only the historical record but also the implications of our past on contemporary debates about race, immigration, and the American welfare state.Less
This book examines the role of race and immigration in the development of the American social welfare system by comparing how blacks, Mexicans, and European immigrants were treated by welfare policies during the Progressive Era and the New Deal. Taking readers from the turn of the twentieth century to the dark days of the Depression, the book finds that, despite rampant nativism, European immigrants received generous access to social welfare programs. The communities in which they lived invested heavily in relief. Social workers protected them from snooping immigration agents, and ensured that noncitizenship and illegal status did not prevent them from receiving the assistance they needed. But that same helping hand was not extended to Mexicans and blacks. The book reveals, for example, how blacks were relegated to racist and degrading public assistance programs, while Mexicans who asked for assistance were deported with the help of the very social workers they turned to for aid. Drawing on a wealth of archival evidence, the book paints a riveting portrait of how race, labor, and politics combined to create three starkly different worlds of relief. It debunks the myth that white America's immigrant ancestors pulled themselves up by their bootstraps, unlike immigrants and minorities today. The book challenges us to reconsider not only the historical record but also the implications of our past on contemporary debates about race, immigration, and the American welfare state.
Elizabeth Hayes Turner
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195086881
- eISBN:
- 9780199854578
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195086881.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This chapter discusses Galveston after the Hurricane of 1900 which was the worst natural disaster in the history of the North American continent. Historians of the Progressive Era recalled that out ...
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This chapter discusses Galveston after the Hurricane of 1900 which was the worst natural disaster in the history of the North American continent. Historians of the Progressive Era recalled that out of the destruction citizens implemented structural reform and turned a formerly aldermanic governing body into a five-man city commission. Thus, city commission government was born. The Women's Health Protective Association's activities were considerable. As leaders in the first democratic Progressive Era women's organization, they brought all the organizing skills learned in their earlier institution-building days to a more open organization and to a larger forum. Their enthusiasm and energy inspired other progressive organizations for men and women. They learned practical politics. They participated in women's political culture though their organizing talents were limited to mere influence.Less
This chapter discusses Galveston after the Hurricane of 1900 which was the worst natural disaster in the history of the North American continent. Historians of the Progressive Era recalled that out of the destruction citizens implemented structural reform and turned a formerly aldermanic governing body into a five-man city commission. Thus, city commission government was born. The Women's Health Protective Association's activities were considerable. As leaders in the first democratic Progressive Era women's organization, they brought all the organizing skills learned in their earlier institution-building days to a more open organization and to a larger forum. Their enthusiasm and energy inspired other progressive organizations for men and women. They learned practical politics. They participated in women's political culture though their organizing talents were limited to mere influence.
Jill Quadagno
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195160390
- eISBN:
- 9780199944026
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195160390.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
This chapter looks at how the physicians mobilized against the proposals for government health insurance. This period of mobilization was from the Progressive Era to the 1950s. The chapter starts ...
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This chapter looks at how the physicians mobilized against the proposals for government health insurance. This period of mobilization was from the Progressive Era to the 1950s. The chapter starts with a study of the campaign for compulsory health insurance, which was introduced during the Progressive Era and revived in 1929. It then examines the national health insurance during the postwar era and the conflict between the national health insurance campaign of the Truman administration and the Medical Lobby. The chapter also discusses the available subsidy for insurers.Less
This chapter looks at how the physicians mobilized against the proposals for government health insurance. This period of mobilization was from the Progressive Era to the 1950s. The chapter starts with a study of the campaign for compulsory health insurance, which was introduced during the Progressive Era and revived in 1929. It then examines the national health insurance during the postwar era and the conflict between the national health insurance campaign of the Truman administration and the Medical Lobby. The chapter also discusses the available subsidy for insurers.
Geoff K. Ward
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226873169
- eISBN:
- 9780226873190
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226873190.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
In the Progressive Era South, Reconstruction gave way to the rise of white supremacist redemption, subjecting black youths and communities to more explicitly neglectful, exploitative, and violent ...
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In the Progressive Era South, Reconstruction gave way to the rise of white supremacist redemption, subjecting black youths and communities to more explicitly neglectful, exploitative, and violent forms of Jim Crow juvenile justice. North and South, growing juvenile court communities embraced the racial project of white citizen and state building, prioritizing white youth opportunity and community interests in their pursuit of rehabilitative ideals. The institutionalization of separate and unequal juvenile justice throughout the United States, not a new multiracial democracy, was the Progressive Era legacy of juvenile justice reform in the African American experience. This chapter examines how Progressive Era black youths and communities experienced the emergence of the juvenile court, an encounter dramatized by mass black migration to urban centers where modern juvenile courts emerged.Less
In the Progressive Era South, Reconstruction gave way to the rise of white supremacist redemption, subjecting black youths and communities to more explicitly neglectful, exploitative, and violent forms of Jim Crow juvenile justice. North and South, growing juvenile court communities embraced the racial project of white citizen and state building, prioritizing white youth opportunity and community interests in their pursuit of rehabilitative ideals. The institutionalization of separate and unequal juvenile justice throughout the United States, not a new multiracial democracy, was the Progressive Era legacy of juvenile justice reform in the African American experience. This chapter examines how Progressive Era black youths and communities experienced the emergence of the juvenile court, an encounter dramatized by mass black migration to urban centers where modern juvenile courts emerged.
Edward J. Larson
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195154719
- eISBN:
- 9780199849505
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195154719.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter begins by examining the initial anti-evolution crusade and its impact. It traces the reform heritage of Evangelicalism within the Progressive Era, the rise of the anti-evolution issue ...
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This chapter begins by examining the initial anti-evolution crusade and its impact. It traces the reform heritage of Evangelicalism within the Progressive Era, the rise of the anti-evolution issue among fundamentalist evangelicals, and the enactment of the first anti-evolution laws leading up to the Scopes trial. The crusade against evolution emerged as a mass movement fitting the interventionist pattern common to the Progressive reforms. William Jennings Bryan, William Bell Riley, and John Roach Straton were the three most prominent leaders of the national anti-evolution crusade. Of them, Bryan stood out the most in the public mind during the early 1920s as he used both his prominence as a respected politician and his magnificent speaking voice to battle evolutionary teaching.Less
This chapter begins by examining the initial anti-evolution crusade and its impact. It traces the reform heritage of Evangelicalism within the Progressive Era, the rise of the anti-evolution issue among fundamentalist evangelicals, and the enactment of the first anti-evolution laws leading up to the Scopes trial. The crusade against evolution emerged as a mass movement fitting the interventionist pattern common to the Progressive reforms. William Jennings Bryan, William Bell Riley, and John Roach Straton were the three most prominent leaders of the national anti-evolution crusade. Of them, Bryan stood out the most in the public mind during the early 1920s as he used both his prominence as a respected politician and his magnificent speaking voice to battle evolutionary teaching.
Judith N. McArthur and Harold L. Smith
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195304862
- eISBN:
- 9780199871537
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195304862.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter situates Minnie Fisher Cunningham in the voluntary association culture of the Progressive Era, and traces her emergence as an activist and social reformer in Galveston in the 1910s. ...
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This chapter situates Minnie Fisher Cunningham in the voluntary association culture of the Progressive Era, and traces her emergence as an activist and social reformer in Galveston in the 1910s. Through voluntary associations such as women's clubs and civic organizations, Cunningham and other urban middle-class women invented new roles for themselves as child welfare advocates and municipal housekeepers. Defining the city as an extension of the home and using maternalist rhetoric to deflect male criticism, they shaped a female public culture that was the precondition for the emergence of a broad-based woman suffrage movement. Cunningham followed the path from clubwoman and civic activist to suffragist, serving as president of the Galveston Equal Suffrage Association, and as a travelling organizer for the state suffrage association, which elected her as president in 1915.Less
This chapter situates Minnie Fisher Cunningham in the voluntary association culture of the Progressive Era, and traces her emergence as an activist and social reformer in Galveston in the 1910s. Through voluntary associations such as women's clubs and civic organizations, Cunningham and other urban middle-class women invented new roles for themselves as child welfare advocates and municipal housekeepers. Defining the city as an extension of the home and using maternalist rhetoric to deflect male criticism, they shaped a female public culture that was the precondition for the emergence of a broad-based woman suffrage movement. Cunningham followed the path from clubwoman and civic activist to suffragist, serving as president of the Galveston Equal Suffrage Association, and as a travelling organizer for the state suffrage association, which elected her as president in 1915.
Keith Gandal
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195338911
- eISBN:
- 9780199867127
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195338911.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory, American, 20th Century Literature
This chapter discusses methodology and places the book in the context of related scholarship on the subject. In particular, it takes issue with literary scholarship whose approach is based on a ...
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This chapter discusses methodology and places the book in the context of related scholarship on the subject. In particular, it takes issue with literary scholarship whose approach is based on a history of ideas or discourses and thus eschews attention to authors' biographies, or experiences of authors — and thus ultimately ignores historical experiences.(It addresses Walter Michaels' Our America, which is an influential example of such scholarship that addresses modernist novels and their relationship to 1920s nativism.) The chapter also argues with studies of the relationship between modernist style and politics that give attention to stylistics per se, apart from plot and character. It discusses the common plot that unifies the 1920s novels at issue, discusses why critics have missed this plot, and offers an alternative argument about modernist style in the context of modernist plots and characters, as well as the historical context of the mobilization. In so doing, it traces the deconstruction of the sentimental novel of seduction by Progressive Era realist writers and the rise of the modernist, racist promiscuity plot, which the three 1920s novels at issue here share with each other, and with Djuna Barnes' Nightwood and Nathanael West's The Day of the Locust.Less
This chapter discusses methodology and places the book in the context of related scholarship on the subject. In particular, it takes issue with literary scholarship whose approach is based on a history of ideas or discourses and thus eschews attention to authors' biographies, or experiences of authors — and thus ultimately ignores historical experiences.(It addresses Walter Michaels' Our America, which is an influential example of such scholarship that addresses modernist novels and their relationship to 1920s nativism.) The chapter also argues with studies of the relationship between modernist style and politics that give attention to stylistics per se, apart from plot and character. It discusses the common plot that unifies the 1920s novels at issue, discusses why critics have missed this plot, and offers an alternative argument about modernist style in the context of modernist plots and characters, as well as the historical context of the mobilization. In so doing, it traces the deconstruction of the sentimental novel of seduction by Progressive Era realist writers and the rise of the modernist, racist promiscuity plot, which the three 1920s novels at issue here share with each other, and with Djuna Barnes' Nightwood and Nathanael West's The Day of the Locust.
CATHERINE BIRD, CARRIE KOSTER, and ROCHELLE LURIE
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813034225
- eISBN:
- 9780813039602
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813034225.003.0007
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
Historical and contextual limitations hindered the use of artifacts recovered from privies to answer questions regarding gender roles, ethnicity, and school versus nonschool activities. For example, ...
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Historical and contextual limitations hindered the use of artifacts recovered from privies to answer questions regarding gender roles, ethnicity, and school versus nonschool activities. For example, in Will County, Illinois, 1855, 1901, and the mid-twentieth century provide incremental watershed moments in the movement of control over education away from the parent and local community. Schools that predate 1855 and the establishment of free public schools in the state are more likely to contain an ethnic/local imprint. Artifacts recovered from sanitary privies provide limited information about schoolhouse activities other than at the time of abandonment. However, site plans indicating locations of schoolhouses, wells, privies, fences, and other features can address the relationship between changes to the physical school plant and reform movements. In particular, examination of the sanitation facilities at the three excavated rural schools illustrates reforms advocated by the Clean Living Movement of the Progressive Era.Less
Historical and contextual limitations hindered the use of artifacts recovered from privies to answer questions regarding gender roles, ethnicity, and school versus nonschool activities. For example, in Will County, Illinois, 1855, 1901, and the mid-twentieth century provide incremental watershed moments in the movement of control over education away from the parent and local community. Schools that predate 1855 and the establishment of free public schools in the state are more likely to contain an ethnic/local imprint. Artifacts recovered from sanitary privies provide limited information about schoolhouse activities other than at the time of abandonment. However, site plans indicating locations of schoolhouses, wells, privies, fences, and other features can address the relationship between changes to the physical school plant and reform movements. In particular, examination of the sanitation facilities at the three excavated rural schools illustrates reforms advocated by the Clean Living Movement of the Progressive Era.
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226514543
- eISBN:
- 9780226514567
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226514567.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
American government became maternal because it became identified as a legitimate instrument for caring for people, whether the recipients of that care were men or women, adults or children, American ...
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American government became maternal because it became identified as a legitimate instrument for caring for people, whether the recipients of that care were men or women, adults or children, American citizens or newly arrived immigrants. Liberal individualism alone was clearly insufficient for attaining women's political inclusion as voters. Class and race biases impacted the implementation of maternal public policies. The use in the Progressive Era of two different sets of arguments for woman suffrage corresponds to the fledgling hybrid character of American public policies. The United States differs from most other comparable democracies in its failure to sustain public policies representing maternalism. The United States has never adopted gender quotas; it long ago destroyed its monarchical heritage, and failed to sustain the maternal impetus marking the Progressive Era.Less
American government became maternal because it became identified as a legitimate instrument for caring for people, whether the recipients of that care were men or women, adults or children, American citizens or newly arrived immigrants. Liberal individualism alone was clearly insufficient for attaining women's political inclusion as voters. Class and race biases impacted the implementation of maternal public policies. The use in the Progressive Era of two different sets of arguments for woman suffrage corresponds to the fledgling hybrid character of American public policies. The United States differs from most other comparable democracies in its failure to sustain public policies representing maternalism. The United States has never adopted gender quotas; it long ago destroyed its monarchical heritage, and failed to sustain the maternal impetus marking the Progressive Era.
Mark K. Bauman
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813123639
- eISBN:
- 9780813134758
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813123639.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This chapter explores the heavy Jewish involvement in factional city politics in Atlanta, Georgia, from the end of the Civil War through the Progressive Era. It highlights the tension between the ...
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This chapter explores the heavy Jewish involvement in factional city politics in Atlanta, Georgia, from the end of the Civil War through the Progressive Era. It highlights the tension between the older German Jews and newer, poorer Russian Jews, and the conflict between the German Jews and both the labor unions and the African Americans. Despite the tensions and conflicts, the German Jews were able to emerge as well-established, politically and commercially savvy and successful in various business ventures.Less
This chapter explores the heavy Jewish involvement in factional city politics in Atlanta, Georgia, from the end of the Civil War through the Progressive Era. It highlights the tension between the older German Jews and newer, poorer Russian Jews, and the conflict between the German Jews and both the labor unions and the African Americans. Despite the tensions and conflicts, the German Jews were able to emerge as well-established, politically and commercially savvy and successful in various business ventures.
Price Fishback
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226251271
- eISBN:
- 9780226251295
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226251295.003.0010
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
In the United States, the period between the mid-1890s and the early 1920s is known as the Progressive Era. Many general studies of the period and biographies of leading reformers emphasize the ...
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In the United States, the period between the mid-1890s and the early 1920s is known as the Progressive Era. Many general studies of the period and biographies of leading reformers emphasize the economic and political reform movements. The economic reforms included expanded regulation, increased antitrust activity, establishment of an income tax, and the development of social insurance programs. This chapter examines the changes that took place during the Progressive Era as a kaleidoscope of interest groups pushed to establish new forms of government activity. Most of the changes were small steps that set the stage for larger expansions of government in response to three major crises. This chapter first provides an overview of the American economy during the Progressive Era and then discusses major policy changes of the period. It also describes the Progressives and looks at workers' compensation laws, protective legislation codifying preexisting trends, tariff reform, antitrust laws, and workplace safety regulation. The chapter concludes by discussing the legacy of the Progressive Era.Less
In the United States, the period between the mid-1890s and the early 1920s is known as the Progressive Era. Many general studies of the period and biographies of leading reformers emphasize the economic and political reform movements. The economic reforms included expanded regulation, increased antitrust activity, establishment of an income tax, and the development of social insurance programs. This chapter examines the changes that took place during the Progressive Era as a kaleidoscope of interest groups pushed to establish new forms of government activity. Most of the changes were small steps that set the stage for larger expansions of government in response to three major crises. This chapter first provides an overview of the American economy during the Progressive Era and then discusses major policy changes of the period. It also describes the Progressives and looks at workers' compensation laws, protective legislation codifying preexisting trends, tariff reform, antitrust laws, and workplace safety regulation. The chapter concludes by discussing the legacy of the Progressive Era.
William E. Ellis
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813129778
- eISBN:
- 9780813135724
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813129778.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
The period from the 1890s to 1920 is often termed the Progressive Era, and for good reason. Kentucky's common schools of the nineteenth century slowly evolved into the graded public schools of the ...
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The period from the 1890s to 1920 is often termed the Progressive Era, and for good reason. Kentucky's common schools of the nineteenth century slowly evolved into the graded public schools of the early twentieth century, this also happened in most other states. Throughout its history, education in Kentucky often seemed to take nearly as many steps backward as forward. After the Civil War, the movement for state-supported normal schools in Kentucky languished. However, most colleges soon added teaching programs or moves towards normal education, providing a service as well as producing revenue. Education in Kentucky appeared to be on the march, the state finally recognizing the need for a state-funded normal school program. Most Kentucky educators of the early twentieth century grew up in the same educational milieu they had entered as teachers in their late teens and early twenties. From the mid-1920s through the Great Depression, several battles were waged in public education, the most important being over free textbooks, equalization, and certification. Kentucky's educational system had been nearly studied to death from 1900 to the early 1940s.Less
The period from the 1890s to 1920 is often termed the Progressive Era, and for good reason. Kentucky's common schools of the nineteenth century slowly evolved into the graded public schools of the early twentieth century, this also happened in most other states. Throughout its history, education in Kentucky often seemed to take nearly as many steps backward as forward. After the Civil War, the movement for state-supported normal schools in Kentucky languished. However, most colleges soon added teaching programs or moves towards normal education, providing a service as well as producing revenue. Education in Kentucky appeared to be on the march, the state finally recognizing the need for a state-funded normal school program. Most Kentucky educators of the early twentieth century grew up in the same educational milieu they had entered as teachers in their late teens and early twenties. From the mid-1920s through the Great Depression, several battles were waged in public education, the most important being over free textbooks, equalization, and certification. Kentucky's educational system had been nearly studied to death from 1900 to the early 1940s.
Kolan Thomas Morelock
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813125046
- eISBN:
- 9780813135113
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813125046.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Margaret Wickliffe Preston was the daughter of Robert Wickliffe Preston—one whom Joseph Tanner remembered as a “real feller” and a “high roller.” Although from a well-known Bluegrass family, Wick ...
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Margaret Wickliffe Preston was the daughter of Robert Wickliffe Preston—one whom Joseph Tanner remembered as a “real feller” and a “high roller.” Although from a well-known Bluegrass family, Wick Preston lost a great deal of money. This chapter illustrates the early beginnings of Margaret Wickliffe's family, as well as providing an account of Margaret's school days, summer at Meadow Wood, college days, and other such significant aspects of her life. Generally, it attempts to draw attention to how Margaret Wickliffe Preston contributed to the Progressive Era through leading a civically active life. Her contributions were perceived by many to be significant to the progressive reform effort.Less
Margaret Wickliffe Preston was the daughter of Robert Wickliffe Preston—one whom Joseph Tanner remembered as a “real feller” and a “high roller.” Although from a well-known Bluegrass family, Wick Preston lost a great deal of money. This chapter illustrates the early beginnings of Margaret Wickliffe's family, as well as providing an account of Margaret's school days, summer at Meadow Wood, college days, and other such significant aspects of her life. Generally, it attempts to draw attention to how Margaret Wickliffe Preston contributed to the Progressive Era through leading a civically active life. Her contributions were perceived by many to be significant to the progressive reform effort.
Anya Jabour
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780252042676
- eISBN:
- 9780252051524
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252042676.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Social History
Chapter 4 examines Breckinridge’s participation in social reform in the Progressive era. In conjunction with Jane Addams and other women reformers associated with Hull House, Breckinridge advocated ...
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Chapter 4 examines Breckinridge’s participation in social reform in the Progressive era. In conjunction with Jane Addams and other women reformers associated with Hull House, Breckinridge advocated for a wide range of reforms and formulated the doctrine of a national minimum standard of living that would inform her later participation in the creation of the welfare state. She also fused her participation in social reform circles with her leadership in the emerging social work profession by using social science as the basis for social reform. Through her teaching and research first at the Chicago School of Civics and Philanthropy and then at the University of Chicago’s School of Social Service Administration, Breckinridge established a niche for herself in Progressive-era reform that relied upon her professional status and her scholarly expertise to legitimize political protest and advance social reform.Less
Chapter 4 examines Breckinridge’s participation in social reform in the Progressive era. In conjunction with Jane Addams and other women reformers associated with Hull House, Breckinridge advocated for a wide range of reforms and formulated the doctrine of a national minimum standard of living that would inform her later participation in the creation of the welfare state. She also fused her participation in social reform circles with her leadership in the emerging social work profession by using social science as the basis for social reform. Through her teaching and research first at the Chicago School of Civics and Philanthropy and then at the University of Chicago’s School of Social Service Administration, Breckinridge established a niche for herself in Progressive-era reform that relied upon her professional status and her scholarly expertise to legitimize political protest and advance social reform.
