Ron Johnston (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780197265277
- eISBN:
- 9780191754203
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265277.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This volume collects together lectures by distinguished scholars. One lecture examines medieval religious relics, focusing on what they actually comprised and asking how these paltry items came to be ...
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This volume collects together lectures by distinguished scholars. One lecture examines medieval religious relics, focusing on what they actually comprised and asking how these paltry items came to be so highly valued. Another lecture takes the authentic medieval Welsh literary corpus associated with Owain Glyndwr, consisting in the main of bardic eulogies rather than prophecies, and examines them in their historical context. A lecture on Alexander Pope asks what part Shaftesbury's polite wit, Mandeville's cynicism, and Augustan sentimentalism played in the poetry of England's greatest satirist. Another lecture focuses on the Romantic poets' fascination with the lens-made and projected images that the modern world has come to think of as the virtual image. A further lecture examines the choices made by young musicians in Renaissance Italy. The next lecture examines how the paradoxical doctrine of ‘the one and the multiple’ was translated into visual language in Chinese Buddhist art. In some cases, groups related to certain numbers bearing metaphorical significances; while in others, objects were simply replicated in large numbers to create a sense of awe. The final lecture explores the way the natural history of the Americas was exported to 16th-century northern European scientists and how they reacted intellectually and politically.Less
This volume collects together lectures by distinguished scholars. One lecture examines medieval religious relics, focusing on what they actually comprised and asking how these paltry items came to be so highly valued. Another lecture takes the authentic medieval Welsh literary corpus associated with Owain Glyndwr, consisting in the main of bardic eulogies rather than prophecies, and examines them in their historical context. A lecture on Alexander Pope asks what part Shaftesbury's polite wit, Mandeville's cynicism, and Augustan sentimentalism played in the poetry of England's greatest satirist. Another lecture focuses on the Romantic poets' fascination with the lens-made and projected images that the modern world has come to think of as the virtual image. A further lecture examines the choices made by young musicians in Renaissance Italy. The next lecture examines how the paradoxical doctrine of ‘the one and the multiple’ was translated into visual language in Chinese Buddhist art. In some cases, groups related to certain numbers bearing metaphorical significances; while in others, objects were simply replicated in large numbers to create a sense of awe. The final lecture explores the way the natural history of the Americas was exported to 16th-century northern European scientists and how they reacted intellectually and politically.
P. J. Marshall (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263518
- eISBN:
- 9780191734021
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263518.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This volume contains sixteen lectures given to the National Academy for the Humanities and Social Sciences in 2004. The topical issues debated in this volume include the patenting of AIDS drugs, the ...
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This volume contains sixteen lectures given to the National Academy for the Humanities and Social Sciences in 2004. The topical issues debated in this volume include the patenting of AIDS drugs, the future pensions crisis (a lecture given by the Governor of the Bank of England), Britain's universities, and Pan-Islam. There are studies of Shakespeare, Pope, Montaigne, Robert Graves, and William Faulkner. And there are lectures on the Inquisition, empires in history, and the journey towards spiritual fulfillment.Less
This volume contains sixteen lectures given to the National Academy for the Humanities and Social Sciences in 2004. The topical issues debated in this volume include the patenting of AIDS drugs, the future pensions crisis (a lecture given by the Governor of the Bank of England), Britain's universities, and Pan-Islam. There are studies of Shakespeare, Pope, Montaigne, Robert Graves, and William Faulkner. And there are lectures on the Inquisition, empires in history, and the journey towards spiritual fulfillment.
Henry Mayr-Harting
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199210718
- eISBN:
- 9780191705755
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199210718.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
Integrating the brilliant biography of Bruno, Archbishop of Cologne (953-65) and brother of Emperor Otto I, written by the otherwise obscure monk Ruotger, with the intellectual culture of Cologne ...
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Integrating the brilliant biography of Bruno, Archbishop of Cologne (953-65) and brother of Emperor Otto I, written by the otherwise obscure monk Ruotger, with the intellectual culture of Cologne Cathedral, this book provides a study of actual politics in conjunction with Ottonian ruler ethic. Our knowledge of Cologne intellectual activity in the period, apart from Ruotger, must be pieced together mainly from marginal annotations and glosses in surviving Cologne manuscripts, showing how and with what concerns some of the most important books of the Latin West were read in Bruno's and Ruotger's Cologne. These include Pope Gregory the Great's Letters, Prudentius's Psychomachia, Boethius's Arithmetic, and Martianus Capella's Marriage of Philology and Mercury. The writing in the margins of the manuscripts, besides enlarging our picture of thinking in Cologne in itself, can be drawn into comparison with the outlook of Ruotger. Exploring how distinctive Cologne was, compared with other centres, this book brings out an unexpectedly strong thread of Platonism in the 10th-century intellect. The book includes a critical edition of probably the earliest surviving, and hitherto unpublished, set of glosses to Boethius's Arithmetic, with an extensive study of their content.Less
Integrating the brilliant biography of Bruno, Archbishop of Cologne (953-65) and brother of Emperor Otto I, written by the otherwise obscure monk Ruotger, with the intellectual culture of Cologne Cathedral, this book provides a study of actual politics in conjunction with Ottonian ruler ethic. Our knowledge of Cologne intellectual activity in the period, apart from Ruotger, must be pieced together mainly from marginal annotations and glosses in surviving Cologne manuscripts, showing how and with what concerns some of the most important books of the Latin West were read in Bruno's and Ruotger's Cologne. These include Pope Gregory the Great's Letters, Prudentius's Psychomachia, Boethius's Arithmetic, and Martianus Capella's Marriage of Philology and Mercury. The writing in the margins of the manuscripts, besides enlarging our picture of thinking in Cologne in itself, can be drawn into comparison with the outlook of Ruotger. Exploring how distinctive Cologne was, compared with other centres, this book brings out an unexpectedly strong thread of Platonism in the 10th-century intellect. The book includes a critical edition of probably the earliest surviving, and hitherto unpublished, set of glosses to Boethius's Arithmetic, with an extensive study of their content.
Thomas R. Nevin
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195307214
- eISBN:
- 9780199785032
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195307216.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
Thérèse of Lisieux (1873-1897), also known as St. Thérèse of the Child Jesus and the Holy Face, and popularly referred to as the Little Flower, is arguably one of the most beloved women in modern ...
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Thérèse of Lisieux (1873-1897), also known as St. Thérèse of the Child Jesus and the Holy Face, and popularly referred to as the Little Flower, is arguably one of the most beloved women in modern history. A Carmelite nun, doctor of the church, and patron of a score of causes, she was famously acclaimed by Pope Pius X as the greatest saint of modern times, and called a living icon of God by Pope John Paul II. Her autobiography, Story of a Soul, has been translated into more than sixty languages. Having long transcended national and linguistic boundaries, she has crossed even religious ones; as daughter of Allah, she is venerated widely in Islamic cultures. This book draws on previously untapped archival sources from the Carmel of Lisieux, numerous untranslated documents, formative texts of Carmelite spirituality, childhood readings, and unpublished photographs to provide a portrait of the saint's life and thoughts. It explores the dynamics of her family life and the early development of her spirituality, drawing on the correspondence of her mother and documenting her influence on Thérèse's autobiography and spirituality. It also charts the development of Thérèse 's career as a writer and gives close attention to her poetry and plays usually dismissed as undistinguished arguing that they have great value as texts by which she addressed and informed her Carmelite community.Less
Thérèse of Lisieux (1873-1897), also known as St. Thérèse of the Child Jesus and the Holy Face, and popularly referred to as the Little Flower, is arguably one of the most beloved women in modern history. A Carmelite nun, doctor of the church, and patron of a score of causes, she was famously acclaimed by Pope Pius X as the greatest saint of modern times, and called a living icon of God by Pope John Paul II. Her autobiography, Story of a Soul, has been translated into more than sixty languages. Having long transcended national and linguistic boundaries, she has crossed even religious ones; as daughter of Allah, she is venerated widely in Islamic cultures. This book draws on previously untapped archival sources from the Carmel of Lisieux, numerous untranslated documents, formative texts of Carmelite spirituality, childhood readings, and unpublished photographs to provide a portrait of the saint's life and thoughts. It explores the dynamics of her family life and the early development of her spirituality, drawing on the correspondence of her mother and documenting her influence on Thérèse's autobiography and spirituality. It also charts the development of Thérèse 's career as a writer and gives close attention to her poetry and plays usually dismissed as undistinguished arguing that they have great value as texts by which she addressed and informed her Carmelite community.
Robin Sowerby
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199286126
- eISBN:
- 9780191713873
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199286126.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 18th-century Literature
Where previous studies of ‘Augustanism’ have concentrated largely upon political concerns, this book explores the translation of the Roman Augustan aesthetic into a vernacular equivalent by English ...
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Where previous studies of ‘Augustanism’ have concentrated largely upon political concerns, this book explores the translation of the Roman Augustan aesthetic into a vernacular equivalent by English neoclassical poets and does so through the analysis of translations. It has its genesis in the claim made implicitly by Dryden at the conclusion of his Virgil that he had given English poetry the kind of refinement in language and style that Virgil had given the Latin. The opening chapter explores the mediation of the Augustan aesthetic to the early Renaissance by way of the De Arte Poetica of the neo Latin Renaissance poet Vida, represented here in the Augustan version of Pitt. The second chapter charts early English engagements with the classical inheritance before moving on to its chief focus, Dryden's relation to his early predecessors in the refinement of the heroic couplet, Denham and Waller, and the establishment of the full Augustan aesthetic represented in Dryden's Virgil. The third and fourth chapters consider the effect of the Augustan aesthetic upon the translation of silver Latin poets, concentrating on Dryden's Persius and Juvenal, Rowe's Lucan and Pope's Statius and finally on the climactic Augustan achievement, Pope's Homer. The distinguishing strengths of Augustan poetic artistry are shown to advantage in a brief epilogue juxtaposing Augustan and modern versions.Less
Where previous studies of ‘Augustanism’ have concentrated largely upon political concerns, this book explores the translation of the Roman Augustan aesthetic into a vernacular equivalent by English neoclassical poets and does so through the analysis of translations. It has its genesis in the claim made implicitly by Dryden at the conclusion of his Virgil that he had given English poetry the kind of refinement in language and style that Virgil had given the Latin. The opening chapter explores the mediation of the Augustan aesthetic to the early Renaissance by way of the De Arte Poetica of the neo Latin Renaissance poet Vida, represented here in the Augustan version of Pitt. The second chapter charts early English engagements with the classical inheritance before moving on to its chief focus, Dryden's relation to his early predecessors in the refinement of the heroic couplet, Denham and Waller, and the establishment of the full Augustan aesthetic represented in Dryden's Virgil. The third and fourth chapters consider the effect of the Augustan aesthetic upon the translation of silver Latin poets, concentrating on Dryden's Persius and Juvenal, Rowe's Lucan and Pope's Statius and finally on the climactic Augustan achievement, Pope's Homer. The distinguishing strengths of Augustan poetic artistry are shown to advantage in a brief epilogue juxtaposing Augustan and modern versions.
Fred Parker
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199253180
- eISBN:
- 9780191719189
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199253180.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 18th-century Literature
‘The more we enquire, the less we can resolve’, wrote Johnson. Scepticism — a reasoned emphasis on the severe limitations of rationality — would seem to undermine the grounds of belief and action. ...
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‘The more we enquire, the less we can resolve’, wrote Johnson. Scepticism — a reasoned emphasis on the severe limitations of rationality — would seem to undermine the grounds of belief and action. But in some of the best 18th-century literature, a theoretically paralysing critique of the pretensions of reason, precept, and language went hand in hand with a vigorous intellectual, ethical, and linguistic confidence. The conjunction of philosophy with literature is crucial; to realize philosophical scepticism as literature was effectively to transform it; and to perceive this transformation is to understand how and where intelligent thinking may be necessarily literary. The book traces the presence of this life-giving irony in works by Pope (An Essay on Man and the Horatian Epistle to Bolingbroke), Hume (the Treatise, Enquiries, and Dialogues), Sterne (Tristram Shandy), and Johnson (especially Rasselas); discusses its source in Locke and its inspiration in Montaigne, and relates it more broadly to the social self-consciousness of 18th-century culture, and to the pressures on religious belief. The argument serves as a reminder that radical scepticism is not a peculiarly modern (or postmodern) invention, and that its strategies and implications have never been more interestingly explored than in the 18th-century, to ultimately affirmative effect.Less
‘The more we enquire, the less we can resolve’, wrote Johnson. Scepticism — a reasoned emphasis on the severe limitations of rationality — would seem to undermine the grounds of belief and action. But in some of the best 18th-century literature, a theoretically paralysing critique of the pretensions of reason, precept, and language went hand in hand with a vigorous intellectual, ethical, and linguistic confidence. The conjunction of philosophy with literature is crucial; to realize philosophical scepticism as literature was effectively to transform it; and to perceive this transformation is to understand how and where intelligent thinking may be necessarily literary. The book traces the presence of this life-giving irony in works by Pope (An Essay on Man and the Horatian Epistle to Bolingbroke), Hume (the Treatise, Enquiries, and Dialogues), Sterne (Tristram Shandy), and Johnson (especially Rasselas); discusses its source in Locke and its inspiration in Montaigne, and relates it more broadly to the social self-consciousness of 18th-century culture, and to the pressures on religious belief. The argument serves as a reminder that radical scepticism is not a peculiarly modern (or postmodern) invention, and that its strategies and implications have never been more interestingly explored than in the 18th-century, to ultimately affirmative effect.
Antony Black
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199533206
- eISBN:
- 9780191714498
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199533206.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
The papalist revolution of the 11th century led to greater divergence between the political thought of the West and of Islam and Byzantium. Pope Gregory VII's views on papal sovereignty provided a ...
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The papalist revolution of the 11th century led to greater divergence between the political thought of the West and of Islam and Byzantium. Pope Gregory VII's views on papal sovereignty provided a prototype for the modern Western state. He and his supporters desacralized kingship. Their attempt to subordinate the state to the church provoked a reaction which led to secular theories of the state. This ‘first European revolution’ coincided with the rise of city republics and economic development. Sunni Islam was consolidated through a firmer alliance between the sultans and the 'ulama. But the Mongol invasions hastened economic and cultural decline. The Shi'ite revolution in 16th-century Iran resulted in social dominance for the Shi'ite 'ulama. This laid a basis for their rise to political power in the 20th century. These changes in the relationship between religion and politics had the opposite results in the West and in Islam.Less
The papalist revolution of the 11th century led to greater divergence between the political thought of the West and of Islam and Byzantium. Pope Gregory VII's views on papal sovereignty provided a prototype for the modern Western state. He and his supporters desacralized kingship. Their attempt to subordinate the state to the church provoked a reaction which led to secular theories of the state. This ‘first European revolution’ coincided with the rise of city republics and economic development. Sunni Islam was consolidated through a firmer alliance between the sultans and the 'ulama. But the Mongol invasions hastened economic and cultural decline. The Shi'ite revolution in 16th-century Iran resulted in social dominance for the Shi'ite 'ulama. This laid a basis for their rise to political power in the 20th century. These changes in the relationship between religion and politics had the opposite results in the West and in Islam.
Thomas Karshan
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199603985
- eISBN:
- 9780191725333
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199603985.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
In a speech given in December 1925, Vladimir Nabokov declared that ‘everything in the world plays’, including ‘love, nature, the arts, and domestic puns’. Each of Nabokov's novels contains a scene of ...
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In a speech given in December 1925, Vladimir Nabokov declared that ‘everything in the world plays’, including ‘love, nature, the arts, and domestic puns’. Each of Nabokov's novels contains a scene of games: chess, Scrabble, cards, football, croquet, tennis, and boxing, the play of light and the play of thought, the play of language, of forms, and of ideas, children's games, cruel games of exploitation, and erotic play. This book studies this central theme in Nabokov, and the first work apart from Boyd's critical biography to draw in detail on Nabokov's untranslated early essays and poems, only collected and republished in 1999 to 2000, and on highly restricted archival material in New York and Washington. It argues that play is Nabokov's signature theme, and indeed that Nabokov's novels form one of the most sophisticated treatments of play ever achieved. It traces the idea of art as play back to German aesthetics, and shows how Nabokov's aesthetic outlook was formed by various Russian émigré writers who espoused those aesthetics. It then follows Nabokov's exploration of play as subject and style through his whole oeuvre, outlining the relation of play to other important themes such as faith, make-believe, violence, freedom, order, work, Marxism, desire, childhood, art, and scholarship. As it does so it demonstrates a series of new literary sources, contexts, and parallels for Nabokov's writing, in writers as diverse as Kant, Schiller, and Nietzsche, Pushkin, Dostoyevsky, and Bely, the Joyce of Finnegans Wake, and Alexander Pope and the humanist tradition of the literary game. As such it provides what is the fullest scholarly-critical reading of Nabokov to date, and defines the ludic aspect of his work that has been such a vital example for and influence on contemporary writers, from Orhan Pamuk, W. G. Sebald, and Georges Perec, to John Updike, Martin Amis, and Tom Stoppard.Less
In a speech given in December 1925, Vladimir Nabokov declared that ‘everything in the world plays’, including ‘love, nature, the arts, and domestic puns’. Each of Nabokov's novels contains a scene of games: chess, Scrabble, cards, football, croquet, tennis, and boxing, the play of light and the play of thought, the play of language, of forms, and of ideas, children's games, cruel games of exploitation, and erotic play. This book studies this central theme in Nabokov, and the first work apart from Boyd's critical biography to draw in detail on Nabokov's untranslated early essays and poems, only collected and republished in 1999 to 2000, and on highly restricted archival material in New York and Washington. It argues that play is Nabokov's signature theme, and indeed that Nabokov's novels form one of the most sophisticated treatments of play ever achieved. It traces the idea of art as play back to German aesthetics, and shows how Nabokov's aesthetic outlook was formed by various Russian émigré writers who espoused those aesthetics. It then follows Nabokov's exploration of play as subject and style through his whole oeuvre, outlining the relation of play to other important themes such as faith, make-believe, violence, freedom, order, work, Marxism, desire, childhood, art, and scholarship. As it does so it demonstrates a series of new literary sources, contexts, and parallels for Nabokov's writing, in writers as diverse as Kant, Schiller, and Nietzsche, Pushkin, Dostoyevsky, and Bely, the Joyce of Finnegans Wake, and Alexander Pope and the humanist tradition of the literary game. As such it provides what is the fullest scholarly-critical reading of Nabokov to date, and defines the ludic aspect of his work that has been such a vital example for and influence on contemporary writers, from Orhan Pamuk, W. G. Sebald, and Georges Perec, to John Updike, Martin Amis, and Tom Stoppard.
Daniel K. Finn (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199858354
- eISBN:
- 9780199949472
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199858354.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Caritas in veritate (Charity in Truth) is the “social” encyclical of Pope Benedict XVI, one of many papal encyclicals over the last 120 years that address economic life. This volume ...
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Caritas in veritate (Charity in Truth) is the “social” encyclical of Pope Benedict XVI, one of many papal encyclicals over the last 120 years that address economic life. This volume analyzes the situation of the Church and the theological basis for Benedict’s thinking about the person, community, and the globalized economy. This book engages Benedict’s analysis of “relation,” the characteristics of contemporary social and economic relationships, and the implications of a relational, Trinitarian God for daily human life. Crucial here is the Pope’s notion of “reciprocity,” an economic relationship characterized by help freely given, but which forms an expectation that the recipient will “reciprocate,” either to the donor or, often, to someone else. This “logic of gift,” Benedict argues, should influence daily economic life, especially within what he calls “hybrid” firms, which make a profit and invest a share of that profit in service to needs outside the firm. Similarly, development—whether of an individual or of a nation—must be integral, neither simply economic nor personal nor psychological nor spiritual, but a comprehensive development that engages all dimensions of a flourishing human life. The chapters engage, extend, and critique Benedict’s views on these issues, as well as his call for deeper dialogue and a morally based transformation of social and economic structures.Less
Caritas in veritate (Charity in Truth) is the “social” encyclical of Pope Benedict XVI, one of many papal encyclicals over the last 120 years that address economic life. This volume analyzes the situation of the Church and the theological basis for Benedict’s thinking about the person, community, and the globalized economy. This book engages Benedict’s analysis of “relation,” the characteristics of contemporary social and economic relationships, and the implications of a relational, Trinitarian God for daily human life. Crucial here is the Pope’s notion of “reciprocity,” an economic relationship characterized by help freely given, but which forms an expectation that the recipient will “reciprocate,” either to the donor or, often, to someone else. This “logic of gift,” Benedict argues, should influence daily economic life, especially within what he calls “hybrid” firms, which make a profit and invest a share of that profit in service to needs outside the firm. Similarly, development—whether of an individual or of a nation—must be integral, neither simply economic nor personal nor psychological nor spiritual, but a comprehensive development that engages all dimensions of a flourishing human life. The chapters engage, extend, and critique Benedict’s views on these issues, as well as his call for deeper dialogue and a morally based transformation of social and economic structures.
Donald Fairbairn
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199256143
- eISBN:
- 9780191600586
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199256144.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
In the light of the book's treatment of grace and christology, this chapter argues that the central issue in patristic christology was not whether Christ was one person or two or whether one spoke of ...
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In the light of the book's treatment of grace and christology, this chapter argues that the central issue in patristic christology was not whether Christ was one person or two or whether one spoke of one nature or two, but whether God the Son was personally present on earth through the incarnation. The chapter asserts that the key phrase expressing this issue was the ‘double birth’ of the Logos. Those who insisted that God the Son must be and was personally present insisted that the Logos was born twice (of the Father eternally and of Mary in time). This chapter looks briefly at John Chrysostom, John of Antioch, Celestine, Leo, and the Chalcedonian Definition and concludes that belief in the double birth of the Logos was the faith of the entire Church in the fifth century, with only a small handful of dissenters.Less
In the light of the book's treatment of grace and christology, this chapter argues that the central issue in patristic christology was not whether Christ was one person or two or whether one spoke of one nature or two, but whether God the Son was personally present on earth through the incarnation. The chapter asserts that the key phrase expressing this issue was the ‘double birth’ of the Logos. Those who insisted that God the Son must be and was personally present insisted that the Logos was born twice (of the Father eternally and of Mary in time). This chapter looks briefly at John Chrysostom, John of Antioch, Celestine, Leo, and the Chalcedonian Definition and concludes that belief in the double birth of the Logos was the faith of the entire Church in the fifth century, with only a small handful of dissenters.
Edward A. Siecienski
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195372045
- eISBN:
- 9780199777297
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195372045.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
Following the death of Maximus the Confessor in 662 there was a centuries-long silence about the filioque from Eastern sources although the West continued to embrace and teach the doctrine as an ...
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Following the death of Maximus the Confessor in 662 there was a centuries-long silence about the filioque from Eastern sources although the West continued to embrace and teach the doctrine as an integral part of the orthodox faith. However, with the beginning of the iconoclastic controversy in the eighth century, tension between Byzantium and the West increased (exacerbated by the political and cultural divisions created by the Charlemagne’s imperial coronation), and the filioque was quickly catapulted from the obscure theological backwaters to became a casus belli. This was especially true during the time of the so-called Photian Schism when the terms of the debate were framed as a simple choice—either the Spirit proceeded from the Father alone (as Photius and the East maintained) or he proceeded from the Father and the Son (according to the Carolingian teaching). It was this dynamic that came to characterize the filioque debates for the next several centuries.Less
Following the death of Maximus the Confessor in 662 there was a centuries-long silence about the filioque from Eastern sources although the West continued to embrace and teach the doctrine as an integral part of the orthodox faith. However, with the beginning of the iconoclastic controversy in the eighth century, tension between Byzantium and the West increased (exacerbated by the political and cultural divisions created by the Charlemagne’s imperial coronation), and the filioque was quickly catapulted from the obscure theological backwaters to became a casus belli. This was especially true during the time of the so-called Photian Schism when the terms of the debate were framed as a simple choice—either the Spirit proceeded from the Father alone (as Photius and the East maintained) or he proceeded from the Father and the Son (according to the Carolingian teaching). It was this dynamic that came to characterize the filioque debates for the next several centuries.
Edward A. Siecienski
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195372045
- eISBN:
- 9780199777297
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195372045.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
By any standard the “reunion council” of Ferrara-Florence was a disaster. Yet whether it was a success that failed or a failure that almost succeeded, the Council of Florence warrants a special place ...
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By any standard the “reunion council” of Ferrara-Florence was a disaster. Yet whether it was a success that failed or a failure that almost succeeded, the Council of Florence warrants a special place in any study of the filioque debates, for during the Florentine debates all the evidence and all the historic arguments—biblical, patristic, scholastic—either proving or disproving the orthodoxy of the doctrine were brought forward. It was, in many ways, the history of the debate in miniature. Unwilling to bend or compromise, and convinced that the other was in error, Latins and Greeks argued back and forth for months without result. Although the Byzantines (with the notable exception of Mark of Ephesus) finally relented, essentially embracing the Latin teaching as their own, the Latin victory was too great ever to be accepted in the East, leading to the council’s ultimate rejection by the Eastern Church.Less
By any standard the “reunion council” of Ferrara-Florence was a disaster. Yet whether it was a success that failed or a failure that almost succeeded, the Council of Florence warrants a special place in any study of the filioque debates, for during the Florentine debates all the evidence and all the historic arguments—biblical, patristic, scholastic—either proving or disproving the orthodoxy of the doctrine were brought forward. It was, in many ways, the history of the debate in miniature. Unwilling to bend or compromise, and convinced that the other was in error, Latins and Greeks argued back and forth for months without result. Although the Byzantines (with the notable exception of Mark of Ephesus) finally relented, essentially embracing the Latin teaching as their own, the Latin victory was too great ever to be accepted in the East, leading to the council’s ultimate rejection by the Eastern Church.
Jacalyn Duffin
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195336504
- eISBN:
- 9780199868612
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195336504.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This chapter presents the history and role of miracles in the canonization process since reforms of the Council of Trent to the late twentieth century. The existing literature on this topic and on ...
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This chapter presents the history and role of miracles in the canonization process since reforms of the Council of Trent to the late twentieth century. The existing literature on this topic and on medical miracles in general is reviewed. A brief description of the sources and methods for the book appears here and a longer presentation is found in appendix A. Special attention is devoted to the writings of physician Paolo Zacchia and of Pope Benedict XIV (Prospero Lambertini).Less
This chapter presents the history and role of miracles in the canonization process since reforms of the Council of Trent to the late twentieth century. The existing literature on this topic and on medical miracles in general is reviewed. A brief description of the sources and methods for the book appears here and a longer presentation is found in appendix A. Special attention is devoted to the writings of physician Paolo Zacchia and of Pope Benedict XIV (Prospero Lambertini).
Jerome P. Baggett
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195326956
- eISBN:
- 9780199870301
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326956.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter begins with a discussion of the dramatic changes in American Catholicism that have occurred within the past century. Topics covered include the theological tumult caused by the 1899 ...
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This chapter begins with a discussion of the dramatic changes in American Catholicism that have occurred within the past century. Topics covered include the theological tumult caused by the 1899 encyclical Testem benevolentiae (A Testament of Esteem), which Pope Leo XIII addressed to Cardinal James Gibbons; Catholicism in the 1950s, and the ideological impact of Vatican II reforms. The chapter then details the rationale and research methods used in this book.Less
This chapter begins with a discussion of the dramatic changes in American Catholicism that have occurred within the past century. Topics covered include the theological tumult caused by the 1899 encyclical Testem benevolentiae (A Testament of Esteem), which Pope Leo XIII addressed to Cardinal James Gibbons; Catholicism in the 1950s, and the ideological impact of Vatican II reforms. The chapter then details the rationale and research methods used in this book.
H. E. J. Cowdrey
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199259601
- eISBN:
- 9780191717406
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199259601.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
Lanfranc of Pavia was Archbishop of Canterbury from 1070 to 1089, and so for nineteen critical years in the history of the Anglo-Norman church and kingdom after the Norman conquest of 1066. He came ...
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Lanfranc of Pavia was Archbishop of Canterbury from 1070 to 1089, and so for nineteen critical years in the history of the Anglo-Norman church and kingdom after the Norman conquest of 1066. He came to Canterbury with long experience of intellectual and ecclesiastical currents in mid-11th-century western Europe. At first concerned with the liberal arts, after migrating to Normandy he turned to sacred study; he commented upon the Pauline Epistles and engaged Berengar of Tours in eucharistic controversy. He became prominent in the flourishing monastic life of Normandy at Bec and as abbot of Duke William's foundation of Saint-Étienne at Caen. At Canterbury, he was King William's loyal and effective collaborator in renewing and reordering church life, using councils as a principal means. By no means a ‘court-prelate’, Lanfranc may be best characterized as a monk-archbishop, a role in which he was reinforced by being ex-officio abbot of a cathedral monastery at Canterbury. Canterbury's prestige and interests were a major concern; Lanfranc claimed for the see a primacy over the whole British Isles. Towards the great pope of his day, Gregory VII (1073-85), he was surprisingly cool. This is a full scholarly study of Lanfranc. It reconsiders his career and outstanding achievements in all major aspects, focusing on his qualities of wisdom, diligence, and statesmanship.Less
Lanfranc of Pavia was Archbishop of Canterbury from 1070 to 1089, and so for nineteen critical years in the history of the Anglo-Norman church and kingdom after the Norman conquest of 1066. He came to Canterbury with long experience of intellectual and ecclesiastical currents in mid-11th-century western Europe. At first concerned with the liberal arts, after migrating to Normandy he turned to sacred study; he commented upon the Pauline Epistles and engaged Berengar of Tours in eucharistic controversy. He became prominent in the flourishing monastic life of Normandy at Bec and as abbot of Duke William's foundation of Saint-Étienne at Caen. At Canterbury, he was King William's loyal and effective collaborator in renewing and reordering church life, using councils as a principal means. By no means a ‘court-prelate’, Lanfranc may be best characterized as a monk-archbishop, a role in which he was reinforced by being ex-officio abbot of a cathedral monastery at Canterbury. Canterbury's prestige and interests were a major concern; Lanfranc claimed for the see a primacy over the whole British Isles. Towards the great pope of his day, Gregory VII (1073-85), he was surprisingly cool. This is a full scholarly study of Lanfranc. It reconsiders his career and outstanding achievements in all major aspects, focusing on his qualities of wisdom, diligence, and statesmanship.
Katy Hull
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780691208107
- eISBN:
- 9780691208121
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691208107.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
In the interwar years, the United States grappled with economic volatility, and Americans expressed anxieties about a decline in moral values, the erosion of families and communities, and the decay ...
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In the interwar years, the United States grappled with economic volatility, and Americans expressed anxieties about a decline in moral values, the erosion of families and communities, and the decay of democracy. These issues prompted a profound ambivalence toward modernity, leading some individuals to turn to Italian fascism as a possible solution for the problems facing the country. This book delves into why Americans of all stripes sympathized with Italian fascism, and shows that fascism's appeal rested in the image of Mussolini's regime as “the machine which will run and has a soul” — a seemingly efficient and technologically advanced system that upheld tradition, religion, and family. This book focuses on four prominent American sympathizers: Richard Washburn Child, a conservative diplomat and Republican operative; Anne O'Hare McCormick, a distinguished New York Times journalist; Generoso Pope, an Italian-American publisher and Democratic political broker; and Herbert Wallace Schneider, a Columbia University professor of moral philosophy. In fascism's violent squads they saw youthful glamour and impeccable manners, in the megalomaniacal Mussolini they perceived someone both current and old-fashioned, and in the corporate state they witnessed a politics that could revive addled minds. They argued that with the right course of action, the United States could use fascism to take the best from modernity while withstanding its harmful effects. Investigating the motivations of American fascist sympathizers, the book offers provocative lessons about authoritarianism's appeal during times of intense cultural, social, and economic strain.Less
In the interwar years, the United States grappled with economic volatility, and Americans expressed anxieties about a decline in moral values, the erosion of families and communities, and the decay of democracy. These issues prompted a profound ambivalence toward modernity, leading some individuals to turn to Italian fascism as a possible solution for the problems facing the country. This book delves into why Americans of all stripes sympathized with Italian fascism, and shows that fascism's appeal rested in the image of Mussolini's regime as “the machine which will run and has a soul” — a seemingly efficient and technologically advanced system that upheld tradition, religion, and family. This book focuses on four prominent American sympathizers: Richard Washburn Child, a conservative diplomat and Republican operative; Anne O'Hare McCormick, a distinguished New York Times journalist; Generoso Pope, an Italian-American publisher and Democratic political broker; and Herbert Wallace Schneider, a Columbia University professor of moral philosophy. In fascism's violent squads they saw youthful glamour and impeccable manners, in the megalomaniacal Mussolini they perceived someone both current and old-fashioned, and in the corporate state they witnessed a politics that could revive addled minds. They argued that with the right course of action, the United States could use fascism to take the best from modernity while withstanding its harmful effects. Investigating the motivations of American fascist sympathizers, the book offers provocative lessons about authoritarianism's appeal during times of intense cultural, social, and economic strain.
Richard H. Armstrong
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199288076
- eISBN:
- 9780191713439
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199288076.003.0009
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter discusses the retranslation of Greek epic poetry and argues for its importance in understanding how literary traditions shape the translation scenario. First, it treats the epic ...
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This chapter discusses the retranslation of Greek epic poetry and argues for its importance in understanding how literary traditions shape the translation scenario. First, it treats the epic adaptations and translational practices of Roman authors, with particular focus on Ennius and Virgil. It also treats lesser-known translations of Greek epic from Roman times, and outlines the continuing history of Latin translation during the Renaissance, which was very influential for the burgeoning literatures of Western Europe. Then it details how this Latin tradition still informs the ‘classic’ English translations of George Chapman, John Dryden, Alexander Pope, and William Cowper, who still read their Greek under the strong influence not only of Latin literary values, but also of Latin translational practices. While the Latin tradition was highly influential in shaping European retranslation of Greek epic, that tradition itself effectively produced no translation on a par with Chapman's Homer or Dryden's Virgil.Less
This chapter discusses the retranslation of Greek epic poetry and argues for its importance in understanding how literary traditions shape the translation scenario. First, it treats the epic adaptations and translational practices of Roman authors, with particular focus on Ennius and Virgil. It also treats lesser-known translations of Greek epic from Roman times, and outlines the continuing history of Latin translation during the Renaissance, which was very influential for the burgeoning literatures of Western Europe. Then it details how this Latin tradition still informs the ‘classic’ English translations of George Chapman, John Dryden, Alexander Pope, and William Cowper, who still read their Greek under the strong influence not only of Latin literary values, but also of Latin translational practices. While the Latin tradition was highly influential in shaping European retranslation of Greek epic, that tradition itself effectively produced no translation on a par with Chapman's Homer or Dryden's Virgil.
Patrick Nold
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199268757
- eISBN:
- 9780191708510
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199268757.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
The debate over the poverty of Christ and his apostles under Pope John XXII (1316-1334) is one of the most famous intellectual controversies of the Middle Ages. The story of the uncompromising pope ...
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The debate over the poverty of Christ and his apostles under Pope John XXII (1316-1334) is one of the most famous intellectual controversies of the Middle Ages. The story of the uncompromising pope on collision course with a united Franciscan Order has often been told, most memorably by Umberto Eco in The Name of the Rose. In this book, the author sets out to investigate the Franciscan Cardinal Bertrand de la Tour, a man apparently torn between the pope who was his patron and the Order to which he had devoted his life. Until now Bertrand has been considered of little importance, owing to his neglect by the primary sources conventionally relied upon by historians. The author suggests that these sources are unreliable: they were written years after the fact by disaffected Franciscans such as William of Ockham. From unpublished manuscript sources, he reconstructs the beginnings of the controversy and reveals the crucial role played by the Franciscan Cardinal. His discovery of Bertrand's significance undermines the common scholarly understanding of this episode and of the character of John XXII himself. He provides a major reinterpretation of the apostolic poverty controversy that has far-reaching consequences for issues such as papal infallibility, natural rights theory, and Ockham's political writings.Less
The debate over the poverty of Christ and his apostles under Pope John XXII (1316-1334) is one of the most famous intellectual controversies of the Middle Ages. The story of the uncompromising pope on collision course with a united Franciscan Order has often been told, most memorably by Umberto Eco in The Name of the Rose. In this book, the author sets out to investigate the Franciscan Cardinal Bertrand de la Tour, a man apparently torn between the pope who was his patron and the Order to which he had devoted his life. Until now Bertrand has been considered of little importance, owing to his neglect by the primary sources conventionally relied upon by historians. The author suggests that these sources are unreliable: they were written years after the fact by disaffected Franciscans such as William of Ockham. From unpublished manuscript sources, he reconstructs the beginnings of the controversy and reveals the crucial role played by the Franciscan Cardinal. His discovery of Bertrand's significance undermines the common scholarly understanding of this episode and of the character of John XXII himself. He provides a major reinterpretation of the apostolic poverty controversy that has far-reaching consequences for issues such as papal infallibility, natural rights theory, and Ockham's political writings.
PATRICK NOLD
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199268757
- eISBN:
- 9780191708510
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199268757.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
This chapter focuses on re-mapping the famous theological controversy over the poverty of Christ and his apostles with a view towards pinpointing the position of Bertrand de la Tour. It investigates ...
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This chapter focuses on re-mapping the famous theological controversy over the poverty of Christ and his apostles with a view towards pinpointing the position of Bertrand de la Tour. It investigates the true identity of ‘Nicholas the Minorite’ and the role that he played in the controversy. It explains that the Chronicle's usefulness as an historical source lies precisely in its unoriginality, in reproducing documents in their original form. It discusses that the sources indicate that consistories on apostolic poverty were held in Avignon during the spring of 1322, suggestive that several Franciscans had replied to Pope John on the question of apostolic poverty before the Order made its ‘official response’ at Perugia in June, which is the first Franciscan reaction in the sequence of the Chronicle. It argues that the Chronicle cannot stand alone as an account of the debate on apostolic poverty.Less
This chapter focuses on re-mapping the famous theological controversy over the poverty of Christ and his apostles with a view towards pinpointing the position of Bertrand de la Tour. It investigates the true identity of ‘Nicholas the Minorite’ and the role that he played in the controversy. It explains that the Chronicle's usefulness as an historical source lies precisely in its unoriginality, in reproducing documents in their original form. It discusses that the sources indicate that consistories on apostolic poverty were held in Avignon during the spring of 1322, suggestive that several Franciscans had replied to Pope John on the question of apostolic poverty before the Order made its ‘official response’ at Perugia in June, which is the first Franciscan reaction in the sequence of the Chronicle. It argues that the Chronicle cannot stand alone as an account of the debate on apostolic poverty.
PATRICK NOLD
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199268757
- eISBN:
- 9780191708510
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199268757.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
This chapter emphasises the importance of other sources for the origins of the apostolic poverty controversy under Pope John XXII. It discusses that the first of these sources is a manuscript, known ...
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This chapter emphasises the importance of other sources for the origins of the apostolic poverty controversy under Pope John XXII. It discusses that the first of these sources is a manuscript, known as the MS BAV vat. lat. 3740, which has been a part of the papal library since the time of John XXII himself. It explains that the manuscript contains almost entirely responses to the question of whether it is heretical to assert that Christ and the apostles did not possess anything. It discusses that several other sources are anomalous and seem have a different origin. It narrates that Dominican enthusiasm for discussing apostolic poverty was second only to that of the Franciscans themselves.Less
This chapter emphasises the importance of other sources for the origins of the apostolic poverty controversy under Pope John XXII. It discusses that the first of these sources is a manuscript, known as the MS BAV vat. lat. 3740, which has been a part of the papal library since the time of John XXII himself. It explains that the manuscript contains almost entirely responses to the question of whether it is heretical to assert that Christ and the apostles did not possess anything. It discusses that several other sources are anomalous and seem have a different origin. It narrates that Dominican enthusiasm for discussing apostolic poverty was second only to that of the Franciscans themselves.
