Timothy Besley
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263518
- eISBN:
- 9780191734021
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263518.003.0013
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This lecture discusses important issues that arise in the policy sphere. It is primarily concerned with extending the competence of economists to analyse issues that require some facility with ...
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This lecture discusses important issues that arise in the policy sphere. It is primarily concerned with extending the competence of economists to analyse issues that require some facility with economic and political decision-making. The lecture serves as a highly selective and personal view of the motivation behind the field and some of the key themes in the literature. It shows the value in focused research in asking a specific question and of using appropriate data. It also determines that the New Political Economy rises to specific challenges, is not about economic imperialism, and rarely discusses grand issues of states versus markets and democracy versus non-democracy.Less
This lecture discusses important issues that arise in the policy sphere. It is primarily concerned with extending the competence of economists to analyse issues that require some facility with economic and political decision-making. The lecture serves as a highly selective and personal view of the motivation behind the field and some of the key themes in the literature. It shows the value in focused research in asking a specific question and of using appropriate data. It also determines that the New Political Economy rises to specific challenges, is not about economic imperialism, and rarely discusses grand issues of states versus markets and democracy versus non-democracy.
Leonidas K. Cheliotis and Sappho Xenakis
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780197266922
- eISBN:
- 9780191938184
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266922.003.0013
- Subject:
- Law
The aim of this concluding essay is, first, to reflect on methodological difficulties of studying the trilateral relationship between inequality, crime and punishment; and second, to offer some ...
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The aim of this concluding essay is, first, to reflect on methodological difficulties of studying the trilateral relationship between inequality, crime and punishment; and second, to offer some thoughts about how these issues might be taken up in future work. In so doing, the essay pays particular attention to the use pertinent scholarship has made thus far of the concept of neoliberalism as a lens through which to identify the politico-economic determinants of inequality and its links to crime and punishment.Less
The aim of this concluding essay is, first, to reflect on methodological difficulties of studying the trilateral relationship between inequality, crime and punishment; and second, to offer some thoughts about how these issues might be taken up in future work. In so doing, the essay pays particular attention to the use pertinent scholarship has made thus far of the concept of neoliberalism as a lens through which to identify the politico-economic determinants of inequality and its links to crime and punishment.
Ha-Joon Chang and Robert Rowthorn
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198289845
- eISBN:
- 9780191684777
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198289845.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter deals with the role that the state may assume. According to the authors, there are four state interventions in the market: New Political Economy, welfare economics, institutional ...
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This chapter deals with the role that the state may assume. According to the authors, there are four state interventions in the market: New Political Economy, welfare economics, institutional economics and Austrian economics. The state has its different roles according to these views which varies from full state intervention up to a state-intervention-free market. The authors suggest that the state must possess all the strength of the argument offered by these views. To sum it all, the state must be a good and ultimate entrepreneur and conflict manager at the same time. Too much intervention on the part of the state may harm the market while on the other, too much leniency on the side of the state may make the state too weak or too corrupt.Less
This chapter deals with the role that the state may assume. According to the authors, there are four state interventions in the market: New Political Economy, welfare economics, institutional economics and Austrian economics. The state has its different roles according to these views which varies from full state intervention up to a state-intervention-free market. The authors suggest that the state must possess all the strength of the argument offered by these views. To sum it all, the state must be a good and ultimate entrepreneur and conflict manager at the same time. Too much intervention on the part of the state may harm the market while on the other, too much leniency on the side of the state may make the state too weak or too corrupt.
Gareth Stedman Jones
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264034
- eISBN:
- 9780191734601
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264034.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Historiography
This chapter examines the aim of Marx's theory and whether he succeeded in establishing what he was set out to prove. In 1883, at the graveside of Marx, Engels wrote of Marx's achievement as the ...
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This chapter examines the aim of Marx's theory and whether he succeeded in establishing what he was set out to prove. In 1883, at the graveside of Marx, Engels wrote of Marx's achievement as the discovery of ‘laws’ of history. Engel's depiction of Marx has been followed by Marx's disciples and opponents. After the First World War, Marx's writings were subjected to distorted views and interpretations that turned Marx into a remote and opaque figure. In the 1950s, attempts to capture the true thoughts of Marx were made. These attempts disclosed his difficulty in applying a socially determinist approach to the explanation of the republicanism and the constitutional character of the struggle between the elected president and the elected assembly. His basic assumption of the ‘forces of production’ as a means for the proletariat to advance and the bourgeoisie to rescind failed to interpret the transition from Second Empire to Third Republic. Forced to abandon this evolutionary scenario of capitalist development, Marx developed his Critique of Political Economy, wherein his prime objective was not to construct a theory of history, but to discover the path of man to communism.Less
This chapter examines the aim of Marx's theory and whether he succeeded in establishing what he was set out to prove. In 1883, at the graveside of Marx, Engels wrote of Marx's achievement as the discovery of ‘laws’ of history. Engel's depiction of Marx has been followed by Marx's disciples and opponents. After the First World War, Marx's writings were subjected to distorted views and interpretations that turned Marx into a remote and opaque figure. In the 1950s, attempts to capture the true thoughts of Marx were made. These attempts disclosed his difficulty in applying a socially determinist approach to the explanation of the republicanism and the constitutional character of the struggle between the elected president and the elected assembly. His basic assumption of the ‘forces of production’ as a means for the proletariat to advance and the bourgeoisie to rescind failed to interpret the transition from Second Empire to Third Republic. Forced to abandon this evolutionary scenario of capitalist development, Marx developed his Critique of Political Economy, wherein his prime objective was not to construct a theory of history, but to discover the path of man to communism.
Marcelo Parreira do Amaral (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781447350361
- eISBN:
- 9781447350699
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447350361.003.0001
- Subject:
- Education, Educational Policy and Politics
In order to be successful, Lifelong Learning (LLL) policies in Europe have to reconcile numerous concurrent aspects related to their different contexts, timeframes, target groups and the specific ...
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In order to be successful, Lifelong Learning (LLL) policies in Europe have to reconcile numerous concurrent aspects related to their different contexts, timeframes, target groups and the specific issues they confront. Failing to recognise these specificities risks producing unintended effects and/or exacerbating the problems they intend to tackle. Further, these may have substantial impact on young adults’ life courses as the policies are often formulated at the national level while having to unfold at the regional level, but also because they often do not take into account the specific needs, diverse social and living conditions and regional/local infrastructures in education and labour markets. The first section introduces conceptual considerations drawn from Life Course Research, Governance Studies and Cultural Political Economy that help us identify and analyse these various aspects across countries in the interplay of levels. The second section describes the implementation of a mixed-method approach. The complementary approach results in a juxtaposition along the project’s sub-studies that generate insights for enhancing each other as we analyse different phenomena interwoven with our research object by approaching them from different viewpoints. The third section reflects on the possibilities, conditions and limits of producing comparative multilevel knowledge that is relevant for policy-making.Less
In order to be successful, Lifelong Learning (LLL) policies in Europe have to reconcile numerous concurrent aspects related to their different contexts, timeframes, target groups and the specific issues they confront. Failing to recognise these specificities risks producing unintended effects and/or exacerbating the problems they intend to tackle. Further, these may have substantial impact on young adults’ life courses as the policies are often formulated at the national level while having to unfold at the regional level, but also because they often do not take into account the specific needs, diverse social and living conditions and regional/local infrastructures in education and labour markets. The first section introduces conceptual considerations drawn from Life Course Research, Governance Studies and Cultural Political Economy that help us identify and analyse these various aspects across countries in the interplay of levels. The second section describes the implementation of a mixed-method approach. The complementary approach results in a juxtaposition along the project’s sub-studies that generate insights for enhancing each other as we analyse different phenomena interwoven with our research object by approaching them from different viewpoints. The third section reflects on the possibilities, conditions and limits of producing comparative multilevel knowledge that is relevant for policy-making.
Timothy Larsen
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- July 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198753155
- eISBN:
- 9780191814815
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198753155.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity, Philosophy of Religion
This chapter covers the two books that made Mill’s wider reputation as an intellectual: A System of Logic (1843) and Principles of Political Economy (1848). It explores what they reveal about how ...
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This chapter covers the two books that made Mill’s wider reputation as an intellectual: A System of Logic (1843) and Principles of Political Economy (1848). It explores what they reveal about how Mill’s mind worked, as well as the ways that they shed a sidelight on his views on religion. A System of Logic, in particular, is surprisingly permeated with religious themes. Not even counting pronouns, Mill refers to God directly in this textbook on logic, ratiocinative and inductive, over eighty times. Attention is paid to religious reactions to these works—as well as to Mill’s reactions to these reactions. Through these two highly successful, major works, Mill first gained a place that he would never lose as an eminent Victorian.Less
This chapter covers the two books that made Mill’s wider reputation as an intellectual: A System of Logic (1843) and Principles of Political Economy (1848). It explores what they reveal about how Mill’s mind worked, as well as the ways that they shed a sidelight on his views on religion. A System of Logic, in particular, is surprisingly permeated with religious themes. Not even counting pronouns, Mill refers to God directly in this textbook on logic, ratiocinative and inductive, over eighty times. Attention is paid to religious reactions to these works—as well as to Mill’s reactions to these reactions. Through these two highly successful, major works, Mill first gained a place that he would never lose as an eminent Victorian.
Margaret Schabas
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226735696
- eISBN:
- 9780226735719
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226735719.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
This chapter examines John Stuart Mill's conception of nature and its implications for his political economy. It explains that in his 1836 “On the Definition of Political Economy” Mills addressed the ...
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This chapter examines John Stuart Mill's conception of nature and its implications for his political economy. It explains that in his 1836 “On the Definition of Political Economy” Mills addressed the problem of demarcating political economy from the physical sciences and suggested that the study of subjects such as physiology, chemistry, mechanics, and geology is important to the study of economic production. This chapter also describes how Mill aligned his concept of economic production with the concept of physical nature in his Principles of Political Economy.Less
This chapter examines John Stuart Mill's conception of nature and its implications for his political economy. It explains that in his 1836 “On the Definition of Political Economy” Mills addressed the problem of demarcating political economy from the physical sciences and suggested that the study of subjects such as physiology, chemistry, mechanics, and geology is important to the study of economic production. This chapter also describes how Mill aligned his concept of economic production with the concept of physical nature in his Principles of Political Economy.
Philipp Lepenies
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780231175104
- eISBN:
- 9780231541435
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231175104.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
Widely used since the mid-twentieth century, GDP (gross domestic product) has become the world’s most powerful statistical indicator of national development and progress. Practically all governments ...
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Widely used since the mid-twentieth century, GDP (gross domestic product) has become the world’s most powerful statistical indicator of national development and progress. Practically all governments adhere to the idea that GDP growth is a primary economic target, and while criticism of this measure has grown, neither its champions nor its detractors deny its central importance in our political culture. In The Power of a Single Number, Philipp Lepenies recounts the lively history of GDP’s political acceptance—and eventual dominance. Locating the origins of GDP measurements in Renaissance England, Lepenies explores the social and political factors that originally hindered its use. It was not until the early 1900s that an ingenuous lone-wolf economist revived and honed GDP’s statistical approach. These ideas were then extended by John Maynard Keynes, and a more focused study of national income was born. American economists furthered this work by emphasizing GDP’s ties to social well-being, setting the stage for its ascent. GDP finally achieved its singular status during World War II, assuming the importance it retains today. Lepenies’s absorbing account helps us understand the personalities and popular events that propelled GDP to supremacy and clarifies current debates over the wisdom of the number’s rule.Less
Widely used since the mid-twentieth century, GDP (gross domestic product) has become the world’s most powerful statistical indicator of national development and progress. Practically all governments adhere to the idea that GDP growth is a primary economic target, and while criticism of this measure has grown, neither its champions nor its detractors deny its central importance in our political culture. In The Power of a Single Number, Philipp Lepenies recounts the lively history of GDP’s political acceptance—and eventual dominance. Locating the origins of GDP measurements in Renaissance England, Lepenies explores the social and political factors that originally hindered its use. It was not until the early 1900s that an ingenuous lone-wolf economist revived and honed GDP’s statistical approach. These ideas were then extended by John Maynard Keynes, and a more focused study of national income was born. American economists furthered this work by emphasizing GDP’s ties to social well-being, setting the stage for its ascent. GDP finally achieved its singular status during World War II, assuming the importance it retains today. Lepenies’s absorbing account helps us understand the personalities and popular events that propelled GDP to supremacy and clarifies current debates over the wisdom of the number’s rule.
Daniel C. O'Neill
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9789888455966
- eISBN:
- 9789888455461
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888455966.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
The “ASEAN Way” is based on the principle of consensus; any individual member state effectively has a veto over any proposal it does not support. This book analyzes how China uses its financial power ...
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The “ASEAN Way” is based on the principle of consensus; any individual member state effectively has a veto over any proposal it does not support. This book analyzes how China uses its financial power and influence to divide the member countries of ASEAN in order to prevent them from acting collectively to resolve their territorial disputes with China in the South China Sea. Comparative case studies of China’s relations with Cambodia, the Philippines, and Myanmar illustrate that the regime type in the country with which China is interacting plays an important role in enhancing or constraining China’s ability to influence the governments of developing states within ASEAN and globally. Authoritarian institutions facilitate Chinese influence while democratic institutions inhibit that influence. The book argues that as long as ASEAN includes developing, authoritarian regimes, and given that the United States and other global powers are unlikely to risk any serious conflict over each push of China’s maritime boundaries, little by little, China will assert its sovereignty over the South China Sea. Nevertheless, the book contends that if China chooses to engage in more sophisticated bilateral politics with democratic states, such as providing incentives to a broader range of interest groups, then China will have more success in projecting its power globally.Less
The “ASEAN Way” is based on the principle of consensus; any individual member state effectively has a veto over any proposal it does not support. This book analyzes how China uses its financial power and influence to divide the member countries of ASEAN in order to prevent them from acting collectively to resolve their territorial disputes with China in the South China Sea. Comparative case studies of China’s relations with Cambodia, the Philippines, and Myanmar illustrate that the regime type in the country with which China is interacting plays an important role in enhancing or constraining China’s ability to influence the governments of developing states within ASEAN and globally. Authoritarian institutions facilitate Chinese influence while democratic institutions inhibit that influence. The book argues that as long as ASEAN includes developing, authoritarian regimes, and given that the United States and other global powers are unlikely to risk any serious conflict over each push of China’s maritime boundaries, little by little, China will assert its sovereignty over the South China Sea. Nevertheless, the book contends that if China chooses to engage in more sophisticated bilateral politics with democratic states, such as providing incentives to a broader range of interest groups, then China will have more success in projecting its power globally.
Andrew T. Price-Smith
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780262029063
- eISBN:
- 9780262327527
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262029063.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
The United States is addicted to crude oil. In this book, Andrew Price-Smith argues that this addiction has distorted the conduct of American foreign policy in profound and malign ways, resulting in ...
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The United States is addicted to crude oil. In this book, Andrew Price-Smith argues that this addiction has distorted the conduct of American foreign policy in profound and malign ways, resulting in interventionism, exploitation, and other illiberal behaviors that hide behind a facade of liberal internationalism. The symbiotic relationship between the state and the oil industry has produced deviations from rational foreign energy policy, including interventions in Iraq and elsewhere that have been (at the very least) counterproductive or (at worst) completely antithetical to national interests.
Price-Smith argues for a reformulation of liberal internationalism (which he terms shadow liberalism) that takes into account the dark side of American foreign policy. Price-Smith contends that the “free market” in international oil is largely a myth, rendered problematic by energy statism and the rise of national oil companies. He describes the United States' grand energy strategy, particularly in the Persian Gulf, as illiberal at its core, focused on the projection of power and on periodic bouts of violence. Washington’s perennial oscillation between liberal phases of institution building and provision of public goods and illiberal bellicosity, Price-Smith argues, represents the shadow liberalism that is at the core of US foreign policy.Less
The United States is addicted to crude oil. In this book, Andrew Price-Smith argues that this addiction has distorted the conduct of American foreign policy in profound and malign ways, resulting in interventionism, exploitation, and other illiberal behaviors that hide behind a facade of liberal internationalism. The symbiotic relationship between the state and the oil industry has produced deviations from rational foreign energy policy, including interventions in Iraq and elsewhere that have been (at the very least) counterproductive or (at worst) completely antithetical to national interests.
Price-Smith argues for a reformulation of liberal internationalism (which he terms shadow liberalism) that takes into account the dark side of American foreign policy. Price-Smith contends that the “free market” in international oil is largely a myth, rendered problematic by energy statism and the rise of national oil companies. He describes the United States' grand energy strategy, particularly in the Persian Gulf, as illiberal at its core, focused on the projection of power and on periodic bouts of violence. Washington’s perennial oscillation between liberal phases of institution building and provision of public goods and illiberal bellicosity, Price-Smith argues, represents the shadow liberalism that is at the core of US foreign policy.
Besnik Pula
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781503605138
- eISBN:
- 9781503605985
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9781503605138.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
Today, by a number of measures, the ex-socialist economies of Central and Eastern Europe are among the most globalized in the world. This book argues that the origins of Central and Eastern Europe’s ...
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Today, by a number of measures, the ex-socialist economies of Central and Eastern Europe are among the most globalized in the world. This book argues that the origins of Central and Eastern Europe’s heavily transnationalized economies should be sought in their socialist past and the efforts of reformers in the 1970s and 1980s to expand ties between domestic industry and transnational corporations (TNCs). The book’s comparative-historical analysis examines the trajectories of six socialist and postsocialist economies, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia. The second part of the book focuses on the region’s deepening specialization in the 2000s as a TNC-dominated transnational manufacturing hub. It identifies three international market roles that the region’s state came to occupy in the transformation: assembly platform, intermediate producer, and combined. It explains divergence within the region through the comparative analysis of the politics of institutional adjustment after socialism.Less
Today, by a number of measures, the ex-socialist economies of Central and Eastern Europe are among the most globalized in the world. This book argues that the origins of Central and Eastern Europe’s heavily transnationalized economies should be sought in their socialist past and the efforts of reformers in the 1970s and 1980s to expand ties between domestic industry and transnational corporations (TNCs). The book’s comparative-historical analysis examines the trajectories of six socialist and postsocialist economies, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia. The second part of the book focuses on the region’s deepening specialization in the 2000s as a TNC-dominated transnational manufacturing hub. It identifies three international market roles that the region’s state came to occupy in the transformation: assembly platform, intermediate producer, and combined. It explains divergence within the region through the comparative analysis of the politics of institutional adjustment after socialism.
Gerard Strange and Owen Worth (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780719085734
- eISBN:
- 9781781704615
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719085734.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
Written against a background of global economic and political turmoil, including crisis and uncertainty surrounding the European Union, European Regionalism and the Left offers new critical insights ...
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Written against a background of global economic and political turmoil, including crisis and uncertainty surrounding the European Union, European Regionalism and the Left offers new critical insights into a range of fundamental problems facing the project of European integration. Issues covered include: the limits and possibilities of European Monetary Union; the impact of European regionalism on the political organisations of the European left; European regionalism and the crisis of social democracy; Russia and the limits to EU regionalism; and the contradictions of Eurocentric politics in an age of globalisation. The book brings together contributions from international scholars drawing on a rich diversity of critical approaches to international political economy, European integration studies, European politics and social theory. Unlike many earlier critical studies of this subject, European Regionalism and the Left consciously eschews any specific radical theoretical narrative or research programme in favour of an open-ended critical engagement with the political economy of contemporary Europe. As such it attempts to open up left analyses of Europe to broader traditions of critical inquiry.Less
Written against a background of global economic and political turmoil, including crisis and uncertainty surrounding the European Union, European Regionalism and the Left offers new critical insights into a range of fundamental problems facing the project of European integration. Issues covered include: the limits and possibilities of European Monetary Union; the impact of European regionalism on the political organisations of the European left; European regionalism and the crisis of social democracy; Russia and the limits to EU regionalism; and the contradictions of Eurocentric politics in an age of globalisation. The book brings together contributions from international scholars drawing on a rich diversity of critical approaches to international political economy, European integration studies, European politics and social theory. Unlike many earlier critical studies of this subject, European Regionalism and the Left consciously eschews any specific radical theoretical narrative or research programme in favour of an open-ended critical engagement with the political economy of contemporary Europe. As such it attempts to open up left analyses of Europe to broader traditions of critical inquiry.
Alain Bresson
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780691183411
- eISBN:
- 9781400852451
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691183411.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Ancient History / Archaeology
This chapter describes the conceptual framework used by the book to study the economy of ancient Greece. It begins with a discussion of the debate between “primitivists,” represented by Karl Bücher, ...
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This chapter describes the conceptual framework used by the book to study the economy of ancient Greece. It begins with a discussion of the debate between “primitivists,” represented by Karl Bücher, and “modernists,” represented by Eduard Meyer, over the nature of the ancient Greek economy. It considers Bücher's adherence to the so-called German Historical School of Political Economy and goes on to examine the views of Moses I. Finley and Max Weber regarding the ancient economy, Karl Polanyi's use of institutionalism as an approach to the study of the ancient economy, and the main assumptions of New Institutional Economics (NIE) with regard to the genesis and evolution of institutions. The chapter also analyzes the transaction costs theory and concludes with an assessment of criticisms against the classical economists' economic agent, the homo economicus, and the influence of constrained choices and limited rationality on economic performance.Less
This chapter describes the conceptual framework used by the book to study the economy of ancient Greece. It begins with a discussion of the debate between “primitivists,” represented by Karl Bücher, and “modernists,” represented by Eduard Meyer, over the nature of the ancient Greek economy. It considers Bücher's adherence to the so-called German Historical School of Political Economy and goes on to examine the views of Moses I. Finley and Max Weber regarding the ancient economy, Karl Polanyi's use of institutionalism as an approach to the study of the ancient economy, and the main assumptions of New Institutional Economics (NIE) with regard to the genesis and evolution of institutions. The chapter also analyzes the transaction costs theory and concludes with an assessment of criticisms against the classical economists' economic agent, the homo economicus, and the influence of constrained choices and limited rationality on economic performance.
Christopher Ali
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252040726
- eISBN:
- 9780252099168
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252040726.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
Local media is at a turning point. Legacy outlets – television and newspapers – are declining while emerging platforms are failing to take their place. When it comes to the policies and regulations ...
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Local media is at a turning point. Legacy outlets – television and newspapers – are declining while emerging platforms are failing to take their place. When it comes to the policies and regulations governing local television, regulators are struggling to address audience gravitation and fragmentation, the declining commercial viability of broadcasting, and the ongoing crisis of journalism. In an era of digital platforms such as YouTube and Facebook, regulators are also grappling with a question they had never anticipated: What does it mean to be local in the digital age? The lack of an answer has left them unsure of how to define a locality, what counts as local news, if the information needs of communities are being met, and the larger role of local media in a democracy. Through comparative analysis, Media Localism explains, assesses, and critiques these issues and asks how communication regulators in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom defined, mobilized and regulated “the local” in broadcasting from 2000 to 2012. Using critical theories of space and place, critical regionalism and critical political economy, and based on document analysis and interviews, Ali offers a fresh approach to localism in media policy. Through policy critique and intervention Ali argues that it is only through redefining the scope of localism that regulators can properly understand and encourage local media in the 21st century.Less
Local media is at a turning point. Legacy outlets – television and newspapers – are declining while emerging platforms are failing to take their place. When it comes to the policies and regulations governing local television, regulators are struggling to address audience gravitation and fragmentation, the declining commercial viability of broadcasting, and the ongoing crisis of journalism. In an era of digital platforms such as YouTube and Facebook, regulators are also grappling with a question they had never anticipated: What does it mean to be local in the digital age? The lack of an answer has left them unsure of how to define a locality, what counts as local news, if the information needs of communities are being met, and the larger role of local media in a democracy. Through comparative analysis, Media Localism explains, assesses, and critiques these issues and asks how communication regulators in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom defined, mobilized and regulated “the local” in broadcasting from 2000 to 2012. Using critical theories of space and place, critical regionalism and critical political economy, and based on document analysis and interviews, Ali offers a fresh approach to localism in media policy. Through policy critique and intervention Ali argues that it is only through redefining the scope of localism that regulators can properly understand and encourage local media in the 21st century.
Piers H. G. Stephens
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780262028059
- eISBN:
- 9780262325264
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262028059.003.0011
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmental Studies
Piers H. G. Stephens discusses John Stuart Mill and, by distinguishing Mill’s brand of individualism from possessive individualism, concludes that liberal individualism is not necessarily opposed to ...
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Piers H. G. Stephens discusses John Stuart Mill and, by distinguishing Mill’s brand of individualism from possessive individualism, concludes that liberal individualism is not necessarily opposed to environmentalism. Challenging a common criticism that Mill’s essay “Nature” sanctions human conquest of nature, Stephens argues that the essay actually critiques of the use of nature to support conservative, religiously based ethics. Stephens also highlights Mill’s embrace of a stationary-state economy, his willingness to accept regulation of the economy, and his support for small-scale agriculture and land preservation. More fundamentally, Mill, who had affinities with Romanticism, rejects the self-interested, economistic individualism espoused by Jeremy Bentham and others and instead posits an individualism, or individuality, that is relational, complex, and oriented toward natural spiritedness. Mill also connects appreciation of nonhuman nature to the development of character. Millian individualism thus suggests a strong affinity between freedom and diversity on the one hand and ecological consciousness on the other.Less
Piers H. G. Stephens discusses John Stuart Mill and, by distinguishing Mill’s brand of individualism from possessive individualism, concludes that liberal individualism is not necessarily opposed to environmentalism. Challenging a common criticism that Mill’s essay “Nature” sanctions human conquest of nature, Stephens argues that the essay actually critiques of the use of nature to support conservative, religiously based ethics. Stephens also highlights Mill’s embrace of a stationary-state economy, his willingness to accept regulation of the economy, and his support for small-scale agriculture and land preservation. More fundamentally, Mill, who had affinities with Romanticism, rejects the self-interested, economistic individualism espoused by Jeremy Bentham and others and instead posits an individualism, or individuality, that is relational, complex, and oriented toward natural spiritedness. Mill also connects appreciation of nonhuman nature to the development of character. Millian individualism thus suggests a strong affinity between freedom and diversity on the one hand and ecological consciousness on the other.
Dotan Leshem
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780231177764
- eISBN:
- 9780231541749
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231177764.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, History of Ideas
The fourth chapter (Economy and Politics) re-introduces the much-ignored chapter of Greek Patristic political theory into the history of political thought and political theology. It answers ...
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The fourth chapter (Economy and Politics) re-introduces the much-ignored chapter of Greek Patristic political theory into the history of political thought and political theology. It answers Foucault’s enigma concerning the relation between sovereign and ecclesiastical power formations in the Christian East and backdates the subjection of politics in the service of the economy to the turn of the fourth century C.E.Less
The fourth chapter (Economy and Politics) re-introduces the much-ignored chapter of Greek Patristic political theory into the history of political thought and political theology. It answers Foucault’s enigma concerning the relation between sovereign and ecclesiastical power formations in the Christian East and backdates the subjection of politics in the service of the economy to the turn of the fourth century C.E.
Christopher Ali
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252040726
- eISBN:
- 9780252099168
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252040726.003.0007
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
In Chapter 6, the case studies are analyzed through the frameworks of critical regionalism and critical political economy. The first section describes how a political economy of localism has come to ...
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In Chapter 6, the case studies are analyzed through the frameworks of critical regionalism and critical political economy. The first section describes how a political economy of localism has come to exist within media policy discourse. This system favors the status quo over alternatives, tethers local media exclusively to specific places, and impedes our ability to think through ways to bridge the spatial and social divides of localism. The second section reintroduces critical regionalism as an approach that tempers this political economy. The chapter argues that while the political economy of localism works to stifle policy alternatives, there are policy windows – “moments of critical regionalism” – that require our attention. The chapter offers a definition of media localism based on critical regionalism and the case studies.Less
In Chapter 6, the case studies are analyzed through the frameworks of critical regionalism and critical political economy. The first section describes how a political economy of localism has come to exist within media policy discourse. This system favors the status quo over alternatives, tethers local media exclusively to specific places, and impedes our ability to think through ways to bridge the spatial and social divides of localism. The second section reintroduces critical regionalism as an approach that tempers this political economy. The chapter argues that while the political economy of localism works to stifle policy alternatives, there are policy windows – “moments of critical regionalism” – that require our attention. The chapter offers a definition of media localism based on critical regionalism and the case studies.
Benjamin F. Soares
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748622856
- eISBN:
- 9780748670635
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748622856.003.0007
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, African Studies
This chapter discusses the development of the prayer economy, whereby gifts are exchanged for blessings, prayers, and intercession with God. It argue that certain processes of commodification have ...
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This chapter discusses the development of the prayer economy, whereby gifts are exchanged for blessings, prayers, and intercession with God. It argue that certain processes of commodification have been central to the personalization of religious authority in the figures of certain Muslim religious leaders with reputations as saints who have become more privatized religious figures akin to free-floating sanctifiers in a religious economy that is more like a market.Less
This chapter discusses the development of the prayer economy, whereby gifts are exchanged for blessings, prayers, and intercession with God. It argue that certain processes of commodification have been central to the personalization of religious authority in the figures of certain Muslim religious leaders with reputations as saints who have become more privatized religious figures akin to free-floating sanctifiers in a religious economy that is more like a market.
Georg Menz
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- November 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780199579983
- eISBN:
- 9780191846779
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199579983.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
During the second half of the twentieth century, the foundation was laid for the discovery of distinct models of capitalism. Organized and tightly regulated models underwent liberalizing changes from ...
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During the second half of the twentieth century, the foundation was laid for the discovery of distinct models of capitalism. Organized and tightly regulated models underwent liberalizing changes from the 1970s onwards, reflecting new thinking in public administration, economics, and real world politics. At the same time, the tumultuous geo-political landscape of the 1970s inspired the subfield of international political economy, a related field that occasionally veers into the same territory and related questions, yet sits analytically separate from Comparative Political Economy. Debates about neocorporatism and cross-over contributions that straddle the divide between the field are explored in depth. Finally, the Varieties of Capitalism debate is briefly introduced which was inspired by the globalization literature of the 1990s and its claim of convergence. This chapter concludes the critical review of the foundations of the field.Less
During the second half of the twentieth century, the foundation was laid for the discovery of distinct models of capitalism. Organized and tightly regulated models underwent liberalizing changes from the 1970s onwards, reflecting new thinking in public administration, economics, and real world politics. At the same time, the tumultuous geo-political landscape of the 1970s inspired the subfield of international political economy, a related field that occasionally veers into the same territory and related questions, yet sits analytically separate from Comparative Political Economy. Debates about neocorporatism and cross-over contributions that straddle the divide between the field are explored in depth. Finally, the Varieties of Capitalism debate is briefly introduced which was inspired by the globalization literature of the 1990s and its claim of convergence. This chapter concludes the critical review of the foundations of the field.
Georg Menz
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- November 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780199579983
- eISBN:
- 9780191846779
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199579983.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter summarizes some of the book’s main arguments and provides avenues for future research. We point to the ideational turn as well as to culturally based enquiries into Comparative Political ...
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This chapter summarizes some of the book’s main arguments and provides avenues for future research. We point to the ideational turn as well as to culturally based enquiries into Comparative Political Economy as offering particular promise. Finally, this chapter additionally points to two major sources of societal and economic transformation, discussing in passing other major economic changes, such as increasing automation, advances in artificial intelligence, and the roll-out of robots across a variety of economic sectors. These two potentially explosive sources of change include energy security, a field in which the race for autarchy is juxtaposed with limits to the practical applicability of renewable energy sources. Environmental factors and environmental degradation similarly impose dramatic constraints to further economic development and might induce a dramatic reconfiguration.Less
This chapter summarizes some of the book’s main arguments and provides avenues for future research. We point to the ideational turn as well as to culturally based enquiries into Comparative Political Economy as offering particular promise. Finally, this chapter additionally points to two major sources of societal and economic transformation, discussing in passing other major economic changes, such as increasing automation, advances in artificial intelligence, and the roll-out of robots across a variety of economic sectors. These two potentially explosive sources of change include energy security, a field in which the race for autarchy is juxtaposed with limits to the practical applicability of renewable energy sources. Environmental factors and environmental degradation similarly impose dramatic constraints to further economic development and might induce a dramatic reconfiguration.
