Steven Horst
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195317114
- eISBN:
- 9780199871520
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195317114.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
Contemporary debates in philosophy of mind‐between reductionists, dualists, nonreductive materialists, and eliminativists‐have been based upon the perception that mental phenomena like consciousness ...
More
Contemporary debates in philosophy of mind‐between reductionists, dualists, nonreductive materialists, and eliminativists‐have been based upon the perception that mental phenomena like consciousness and intentionality are uniquely irreducible. The “explanatory gap” between mind and body seems to be an urgent and fascinating problem if one assumes that intertheoretic reductions are the rule in the special sciences, with the mind as the lone exception. While this debate was going on in philosophy of mind, however, philosophers of science were rejecting this very sort of reductionism: intertheoretic reductions are not ubiquitous but rare. This book argues that post‐reductionist philosophy of science poses problems for all the familiar positions in philosophy of mind and calls for a deep rethinking of the problematic. To this end, a new perspective, Cognitive Pluralism, is urged.Less
Contemporary debates in philosophy of mind‐between reductionists, dualists, nonreductive materialists, and eliminativists‐have been based upon the perception that mental phenomena like consciousness and intentionality are uniquely irreducible. The “explanatory gap” between mind and body seems to be an urgent and fascinating problem if one assumes that intertheoretic reductions are the rule in the special sciences, with the mind as the lone exception. While this debate was going on in philosophy of mind, however, philosophers of science were rejecting this very sort of reductionism: intertheoretic reductions are not ubiquitous but rare. This book argues that post‐reductionist philosophy of science poses problems for all the familiar positions in philosophy of mind and calls for a deep rethinking of the problematic. To this end, a new perspective, Cognitive Pluralism, is urged.
Allen Buchanan
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780198295358
- eISBN:
- 9780191600982
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198295359.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter grapples with the most controversial topic in the discourse of human rights: distributive justice. The chief questions to be addressed are (1) whether a justice‐based international legal ...
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This chapter grapples with the most controversial topic in the discourse of human rights: distributive justice. The chief questions to be addressed are (1) whether a justice‐based international legal order should include rights of distributive justice (sometimes called social and economic rights) for individuals that exceed the right to the means of subsistence that is already widely recognized in international and regional human rights instruments, and (2) whether international law should recognize not only individuals but collectivities such as states or “peoples” or nations as having rights of distributive justice. To situate these questions, the chapter begins by considering alternative explanations for widespread skepticism about the possibility that distributive justice can have a significant place in the international legal order. The remaining sections of the chapter discuss: I. The Place of Distributive Justice in International Law; II. Reasons for Rejecting a Prominent Role for Distributive Justice in International Law Today; III. Deep Distributive Pluralism; IV. Societal Distributive Autonomy; and V. Institutional Capacity and Lack of Political Will.Less
This chapter grapples with the most controversial topic in the discourse of human rights: distributive justice. The chief questions to be addressed are (1) whether a justice‐based international legal order should include rights of distributive justice (sometimes called social and economic rights) for individuals that exceed the right to the means of subsistence that is already widely recognized in international and regional human rights instruments, and (2) whether international law should recognize not only individuals but collectivities such as states or “peoples” or nations as having rights of distributive justice. To situate these questions, the chapter begins by considering alternative explanations for widespread skepticism about the possibility that distributive justice can have a significant place in the international legal order. The remaining sections of the chapter discuss: I. The Place of Distributive Justice in International Law; II. Reasons for Rejecting a Prominent Role for Distributive Justice in International Law Today; III. Deep Distributive Pluralism; IV. Societal Distributive Autonomy; and V. Institutional Capacity and Lack of Political Will.
Martin Hollis
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198296102
- eISBN:
- 9780191599583
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019829610X.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
Martin Hollis (in one of his last writings before his untimely death) opens up the first section, Is Universalism Ethnocentric?, with a fiery defence of Enlightenment universalism and an attack on ...
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Martin Hollis (in one of his last writings before his untimely death) opens up the first section, Is Universalism Ethnocentric?, with a fiery defence of Enlightenment universalism and an attack on the relativist who says ‘Liberalism for the liberals; cannibalism for the cannibals.’ Focusing especially on universal claims about human nature, civil society, and the best forms of government, Hollis argues for a substantive and not merely procedural liberalism as a ‘fighting creed with universalist pretensions’ that can justify ‘robust and sharp‐edged moral declarations’. As Hollis argues, universalism works for minorities too. This is because excluded minorities must show that they have been wrongly excluded; they need a standpoint that is ‘not cognitively arbitrary’ to exclude racists and sexists.Less
Martin Hollis (in one of his last writings before his untimely death) opens up the first section, Is Universalism Ethnocentric?, with a fiery defence of Enlightenment universalism and an attack on the relativist who says ‘Liberalism for the liberals; cannibalism for the cannibals.’ Focusing especially on universal claims about human nature, civil society, and the best forms of government, Hollis argues for a substantive and not merely procedural liberalism as a ‘fighting creed with universalist pretensions’ that can justify ‘robust and sharp‐edged moral declarations’. As Hollis argues, universalism works for minorities too. This is because excluded minorities must show that they have been wrongly excluded; they need a standpoint that is ‘not cognitively arbitrary’ to exclude racists and sexists.
Steven Horst
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195317114
- eISBN:
- 9780199871520
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195317114.003.0008
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
This chapter examines two forms of pluralism in philosophy of mind that are suggested by explanatory pluralism in philosophy of science. The first is a radical ontological pluralism suggested by John ...
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This chapter examines two forms of pluralism in philosophy of mind that are suggested by explanatory pluralism in philosophy of science. The first is a radical ontological pluralism suggested by John Dupré. It holds that the explanatory pluralism of the sciences is due to a prior and profligate ontological plurality in nature itself. The second is a view called Cognitive Pluralism. This is the view that theory pluralism is a predictable consequence of our cognitive architecture and of the nature of scientific models, which are partial, domain‐specific, and idealized and employ proprietary representational systems. A model‐based account of cognition in general, and scientific understanding as a special case, is used to account for theory pluralism.Less
This chapter examines two forms of pluralism in philosophy of mind that are suggested by explanatory pluralism in philosophy of science. The first is a radical ontological pluralism suggested by John Dupré. It holds that the explanatory pluralism of the sciences is due to a prior and profligate ontological plurality in nature itself. The second is a view called Cognitive Pluralism. This is the view that theory pluralism is a predictable consequence of our cognitive architecture and of the nature of scientific models, which are partial, domain‐specific, and idealized and employ proprietary representational systems. A model‐based account of cognition in general, and scientific understanding as a special case, is used to account for theory pluralism.
Steven Horst
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195317114
- eISBN:
- 9780199871520
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195317114.003.0009
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
This chapter argues for the plausibility of Cognitive Pluralism as a general principle of cognitive architecture, and argues further that scientific pluralism is plausibly seen as a special case of ...
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This chapter argues for the plausibility of Cognitive Pluralism as a general principle of cognitive architecture, and argues further that scientific pluralism is plausibly seen as a special case of this general principle. Cognitive Pluralism is compared with existing ideas of modularity.Less
This chapter argues for the plausibility of Cognitive Pluralism as a general principle of cognitive architecture, and argues further that scientific pluralism is plausibly seen as a special case of this general principle. Cognitive Pluralism is compared with existing ideas of modularity.
Steven Horst
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195317114
- eISBN:
- 9780199871520
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195317114.003.0010
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
This chapter explores the metaphysical commitments of Cognitive Pluralism. Cognitive Pluralism, as a cognitivist/pragmatist thesis, is opposed to a native realism that assumes that the world divides ...
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This chapter explores the metaphysical commitments of Cognitive Pluralism. Cognitive Pluralism, as a cognitivist/pragmatist thesis, is opposed to a native realism that assumes that the world divides itself into objects and kinds in a single canonical and mind-independent way, and that it is the job of the mind to accurately reflect how things are in their own right. Cognitivism, by contrast, holds that any way of modeling the world, including our best scientific models, reflects features of the mind's cognitive architecture as well. Cognitivist and pluralist assumptions create further problems for the terms in which contemporary problems in metaphysics of mind are framed. Intuitions about supervenience, the Negative EMC, and even our standard ways of framing issues about modal metaphysics turn out to be problematic. The cognitivist turn also suggests a way in which the psychological gaps are unlike the other gaps, as they are concerned with the relation between subjects and objects, while the others are concerned with relations between two types of objects.Less
This chapter explores the metaphysical commitments of Cognitive Pluralism. Cognitive Pluralism, as a cognitivist/pragmatist thesis, is opposed to a native realism that assumes that the world divides itself into objects and kinds in a single canonical and mind-independent way, and that it is the job of the mind to accurately reflect how things are in their own right. Cognitivism, by contrast, holds that any way of modeling the world, including our best scientific models, reflects features of the mind's cognitive architecture as well. Cognitivist and pluralist assumptions create further problems for the terms in which contemporary problems in metaphysics of mind are framed. Intuitions about supervenience, the Negative EMC, and even our standard ways of framing issues about modal metaphysics turn out to be problematic. The cognitivist turn also suggests a way in which the psychological gaps are unlike the other gaps, as they are concerned with the relation between subjects and objects, while the others are concerned with relations between two types of objects.
Steven Horst
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195317114
- eISBN:
- 9780199871520
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195317114.003.0011
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
This final chapter returns to the topic of naturalism, exploring the implications of Cognitive Pluralism for naturalism. The answer depends on the type of “naturalism” that is in question. In ...
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This final chapter returns to the topic of naturalism, exploring the implications of Cognitive Pluralism for naturalism. The answer depends on the type of “naturalism” that is in question. In philosophy of science, naturalism indicates the view that philosophy of science should not proceed through a priori reasoning, but be guided by what is found in the sciences themselves. In this respect, this book has pursued a “naturalistic” approach. However, if naturalism means that the mind can be wholly accommodated in the world of nature as understood by the natural sciences, the conclusions to be drawn are antinaturalistic. Pluralism is antireductionistic. And cognitivism treats the mind as being in a special sense prior to our models of the world, including our scientific models.Less
This final chapter returns to the topic of naturalism, exploring the implications of Cognitive Pluralism for naturalism. The answer depends on the type of “naturalism” that is in question. In philosophy of science, naturalism indicates the view that philosophy of science should not proceed through a priori reasoning, but be guided by what is found in the sciences themselves. In this respect, this book has pursued a “naturalistic” approach. However, if naturalism means that the mind can be wholly accommodated in the world of nature as understood by the natural sciences, the conclusions to be drawn are antinaturalistic. Pluralism is antireductionistic. And cognitivism treats the mind as being in a special sense prior to our models of the world, including our scientific models.
Carool Kersten
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780748681839
- eISBN:
- 9781474434973
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748681839.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
This is the first single-volume study of the Islamisation of Indonesia from the first evidence of the acceptance of Islam by indigenous peoples until the present day. It offers an overview of the ...
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This is the first single-volume study of the Islamisation of Indonesia from the first evidence of the acceptance of Islam by indigenous peoples until the present day. It offers an overview of the religion’s growing significance in the formation of what is now the largest and most populous Muslim country in the world, the greatest political power in Southeast Asia, and a growing player on the world scene. With close to a quarter of a billion Muslims, Indonesia is still overlooked by historians of Islam and other specialists in the Muslim world, while Southeast Asianists often underestimate the importance of Islam in the shaping of Indonesia. This survey provides a comprehensive insight into the different roles played by Islam in Indonesia throughout history: From the earliest evidence of its presence in the late thirteenth century; the importance of Indian Ocean networks for connecting Indonesians with the wider Islamic world; the religion’s role as a means of resistance and tool for nation building; and postcolonial attempts to forge an ‘Indonesian Islam’.Less
This is the first single-volume study of the Islamisation of Indonesia from the first evidence of the acceptance of Islam by indigenous peoples until the present day. It offers an overview of the religion’s growing significance in the formation of what is now the largest and most populous Muslim country in the world, the greatest political power in Southeast Asia, and a growing player on the world scene. With close to a quarter of a billion Muslims, Indonesia is still overlooked by historians of Islam and other specialists in the Muslim world, while Southeast Asianists often underestimate the importance of Islam in the shaping of Indonesia. This survey provides a comprehensive insight into the different roles played by Islam in Indonesia throughout history: From the earliest evidence of its presence in the late thirteenth century; the importance of Indian Ocean networks for connecting Indonesians with the wider Islamic world; the religion’s role as a means of resistance and tool for nation building; and postcolonial attempts to forge an ‘Indonesian Islam’.
Sabina Alkire
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199245796
- eISBN:
- 9780191600838
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199245797.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Each of the four chapters of Part I of the book synthesizes one aspect that must be specified in the operationalization of the capability approach, then proposes a framework for doing so. This third ...
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Each of the four chapters of Part I of the book synthesizes one aspect that must be specified in the operationalization of the capability approach, then proposes a framework for doing so. This third chapter considers the kind of ethical rationality that accompanies the capability approach, in which free choice between plural ends is given central place, and the information required to complete rational comparisons of diverse human development initiatives. The chapter proposes ingredients for making substantive and value judgements in dialogue with Amartya Sen's writings and concerns on related subjects. It is argued that the wider conception of rationality identified by Sen and John Finnis offer systematic ways of approaching substantive and value judgements that retain the fundamental incompleteness of the capability approach and do not impose a comprehensive doctrine of good. The different sections of the chapter are: Multidimensionality and Evaluation; Ethical Rationality in Poverty Reduction; Sen's Informational Pluralism; Sen's Principle Pluralism; Finnis's Principle Pluralism; Ethical Rationality Reconsidered; and Operational Considerations.Less
Each of the four chapters of Part I of the book synthesizes one aspect that must be specified in the operationalization of the capability approach, then proposes a framework for doing so. This third chapter considers the kind of ethical rationality that accompanies the capability approach, in which free choice between plural ends is given central place, and the information required to complete rational comparisons of diverse human development initiatives. The chapter proposes ingredients for making substantive and value judgements in dialogue with Amartya Sen's writings and concerns on related subjects. It is argued that the wider conception of rationality identified by Sen and John Finnis offer systematic ways of approaching substantive and value judgements that retain the fundamental incompleteness of the capability approach and do not impose a comprehensive doctrine of good. The different sections of the chapter are: Multidimensionality and Evaluation; Ethical Rationality in Poverty Reduction; Sen's Informational Pluralism; Sen's Principle Pluralism; Finnis's Principle Pluralism; Ethical Rationality Reconsidered; and Operational Considerations.
Don M. Tucker
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195316988
- eISBN:
- 9780199786848
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195316988.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
Contemporary debates in philosophy of mind‐between reductionists, dualists, nonreductive materialists, and eliminativists‐have been based upon the perception that mental phenomena like consciousness ...
More
Contemporary debates in philosophy of mind‐between reductionists, dualists, nonreductive materialists, and eliminativists‐have been based upon the perception that mental phenomena like consciousness and intentionality are uniquely irreducible. The “explanatory gap” between mind and body seems to be an urgent and fascinating problem if one assumes that intertheoretic reductions are the rule in the special sciences, with the mind as the lone exception. While this debate was going on in philosophy of mind, however, philosophers of science were rejecting this very sort of reductionism: intertheoretic reductions are not ubiquitous but rare. This book argues that post‐reductionist philosophy of science poses problems for all the familiar positions in philosophy of mind and calls for a deep rethinking of the problematic. To this end, a new perspective, Cognitive Pluralism, is urged.Less
Contemporary debates in philosophy of mind‐between reductionists, dualists, nonreductive materialists, and eliminativists‐have been based upon the perception that mental phenomena like consciousness and intentionality are uniquely irreducible. The “explanatory gap” between mind and body seems to be an urgent and fascinating problem if one assumes that intertheoretic reductions are the rule in the special sciences, with the mind as the lone exception. While this debate was going on in philosophy of mind, however, philosophers of science were rejecting this very sort of reductionism: intertheoretic reductions are not ubiquitous but rare. This book argues that post‐reductionist philosophy of science poses problems for all the familiar positions in philosophy of mind and calls for a deep rethinking of the problematic. To this end, a new perspective, Cognitive Pluralism, is urged.
Ian Breward
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198263562
- eISBN:
- 9780191600418
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198263562.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
Distinctive forms of Christianity have emerged in Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific Islands since the late eighteenth century. With European and North American roots, they have successfully ...
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Distinctive forms of Christianity have emerged in Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific Islands since the late eighteenth century. With European and North American roots, they have successfully intermixed with local cultures, despite the influence of the colonizing powers and their missionaries. Pacific Island Christians, both the Melanesians and the Polynesians, have successfully retained a unitive religion and social order, though that was much less possible for Aborigines, Kanaks and Maori, because they were so outnumbered by their colonizers. Protestantism and Roman Catholicism have been the dominant forms of Christianity, though Orthodoxy has been significant in Australia since the 1950s. In two centuries, significant changes have occurred in worship, theology, and patterns of discipleship, as well as in relationships with government and in the public face of religion. Since the 1960s, there has been a major decline of numbers attending worship and professing denomination allegiance, especially in the under 40s. Widening roles for women, including ordination, ecumenical cooperation, reunion, a growing emphasis on social justice, and liberalized views on sexuality, marriage, and parenting have been divisive and underlined Christian pluralism. Migration has brought all the major world religions to Australia. The churches have continued to be major partners with governments in education, the social services, as well as the economy, with members contributing substantially to philanthropy, voluntary community service, and civil society.Less
Distinctive forms of Christianity have emerged in Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific Islands since the late eighteenth century. With European and North American roots, they have successfully intermixed with local cultures, despite the influence of the colonizing powers and their missionaries. Pacific Island Christians, both the Melanesians and the Polynesians, have successfully retained a unitive religion and social order, though that was much less possible for Aborigines, Kanaks and Maori, because they were so outnumbered by their colonizers. Protestantism and Roman Catholicism have been the dominant forms of Christianity, though Orthodoxy has been significant in Australia since the 1950s. In two centuries, significant changes have occurred in worship, theology, and patterns of discipleship, as well as in relationships with government and in the public face of religion. Since the 1960s, there has been a major decline of numbers attending worship and professing denomination allegiance, especially in the under 40s. Widening roles for women, including ordination, ecumenical cooperation, reunion, a growing emphasis on social justice, and liberalized views on sexuality, marriage, and parenting have been divisive and underlined Christian pluralism. Migration has brought all the major world religions to Australia. The churches have continued to be major partners with governments in education, the social services, as well as the economy, with members contributing substantially to philanthropy, voluntary community service, and civil society.
Josiah Royce
Scott L. Pratt and Shannon Sullivan (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823231324
- eISBN:
- 9780823235568
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823231324.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, American Philosophy
In 1908, American philosopher Josiah Royce foresaw the future. Race questions and prejudices, he said, “promise to become, in the near future, still more important than they have ever ...
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In 1908, American philosopher Josiah Royce foresaw the future. Race questions and prejudices, he said, “promise to become, in the near future, still more important than they have ever been before”. Royce recognized that the problem of the next century would be, as W.E.B. Du Bois put it, “the problem of the color line”. The twentieth century saw vast changes in race relations, but even after the election of the first African-American U.S. president, questions of race and the nature of community persist. Royce's work provided the conceptual starting place for the Cultural Pluralism movement of the 1920s and 1930s, and his notion of the Beloved Community influenced the work and vision of Martin Luther King, Jr., and the civil rights movement. Communities, whether they are understood as racial or geographic, religious or scientific, Royce argued, are formed by the commitments of individuals to causes or shared ideals. This starting point—the philosophy of loyalty—provides a means to understand the nature of communities, their conflicts, and their potential for growth and coexistence. This volume also includes six supplementary essays by Royce that raise questions about his views and show the potential of those views to inform other discussions about religious pluralism, the philosophy of science, the role of history, and the future of the American community.Less
In 1908, American philosopher Josiah Royce foresaw the future. Race questions and prejudices, he said, “promise to become, in the near future, still more important than they have ever been before”. Royce recognized that the problem of the next century would be, as W.E.B. Du Bois put it, “the problem of the color line”. The twentieth century saw vast changes in race relations, but even after the election of the first African-American U.S. president, questions of race and the nature of community persist. Royce's work provided the conceptual starting place for the Cultural Pluralism movement of the 1920s and 1930s, and his notion of the Beloved Community influenced the work and vision of Martin Luther King, Jr., and the civil rights movement. Communities, whether they are understood as racial or geographic, religious or scientific, Royce argued, are formed by the commitments of individuals to causes or shared ideals. This starting point—the philosophy of loyalty—provides a means to understand the nature of communities, their conflicts, and their potential for growth and coexistence. This volume also includes six supplementary essays by Royce that raise questions about his views and show the potential of those views to inform other discussions about religious pluralism, the philosophy of science, the role of history, and the future of the American community.
Jessica M. Parr
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781628461985
- eISBN:
- 9781626744998
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781628461985.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
Following Whitefield’s death and entombment (and some would say enshrinement) in the Old South Presbyterian Church in Newburyport, MA, his followers worked quickly to preserve his memory. They ...
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Following Whitefield’s death and entombment (and some would say enshrinement) in the Old South Presbyterian Church in Newburyport, MA, his followers worked quickly to preserve his memory. They republished many of his writings and sermons. They printed memoirs. They perpetuated a legacy that continued to defy denominational and geographic boundaries. His tomb became a sight of pilgrimage, including ritualized handling of his skull and removal of trophies from his coffin. In many ways, Whitefield became more powerful as a symbol in death than he was in life.Less
Following Whitefield’s death and entombment (and some would say enshrinement) in the Old South Presbyterian Church in Newburyport, MA, his followers worked quickly to preserve his memory. They republished many of his writings and sermons. They printed memoirs. They perpetuated a legacy that continued to defy denominational and geographic boundaries. His tomb became a sight of pilgrimage, including ritualized handling of his skull and removal of trophies from his coffin. In many ways, Whitefield became more powerful as a symbol in death than he was in life.
Robert Tobin
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199641567
- eISBN:
- 9780191738418
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199641567.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This final chapter covers the last two decades of Butler's life, a time of profound social change in Ireland. It notes the emerging liberalization within Irish society during the sixties and ...
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This final chapter covers the last two decades of Butler's life, a time of profound social change in Ireland. It notes the emerging liberalization within Irish society during the sixties and seventies, as well as its growing internationalization. It charts Butler's belated recognition both in Ireland and abroad in the 1980s as a gifted essayist and social critic after the publication of successive volumes of his essays by Lilliput Press in Dublin. It identifies him as a forerunner of the pluralistic values that came to prominence in the Republic at the time of his death.Less
This final chapter covers the last two decades of Butler's life, a time of profound social change in Ireland. It notes the emerging liberalization within Irish society during the sixties and seventies, as well as its growing internationalization. It charts Butler's belated recognition both in Ireland and abroad in the 1980s as a gifted essayist and social critic after the publication of successive volumes of his essays by Lilliput Press in Dublin. It identifies him as a forerunner of the pluralistic values that came to prominence in the Republic at the time of his death.
George Rupp
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231174282
- eISBN:
- 9780231539869
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231174282.003.0011
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy
A global quest for inclusive communities inescapably must struggle with conflict situations worldwide, but it in the end unavoidably must also engage the most encompassing challenge that confronts ...
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A global quest for inclusive communities inescapably must struggle with conflict situations worldwide, but it in the end unavoidably must also engage the most encompassing challenge that confronts the human community, namely the ecological threat to the viability of life on Earth.Less
A global quest for inclusive communities inescapably must struggle with conflict situations worldwide, but it in the end unavoidably must also engage the most encompassing challenge that confronts the human community, namely the ecological threat to the viability of life on Earth.
Gul Ozyegin
- Published in print:
- 1937
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814762349
- eISBN:
- 9780814762356
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814762349.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
The conclusion intertwines a review of the book's principal themes and theoretical arguments with details of the author's own coming of age in a staunchly secular Turkish household in the 1960s and ...
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The conclusion intertwines a review of the book's principal themes and theoretical arguments with details of the author's own coming of age in a staunchly secular Turkish household in the 1960s and 1970s. Arguing that the AKP's 12 years in office have been characterized by the abandonment of the democratic ideals of their campaign platform in favor of top-down Islamization and the criminalization of dissent, the author suggests that this generation's youth - and particularly the pious youth now favored by the law - must insist on pluralism and a democratic political future. Romantic and sexual relationships have emerged in the book as significant sites for both challenges to and reproductions of patriarchy in Turkey. Across identity categories, the young men and women in these pages have rejected the selfless feminine and protective masculine roles embodied by their parents in favor of identities based on self-expansion and self-determination. Yet as the author reminds us, they are frequently reproducing female submission and male domination in their own romantic relationships. To this end, the author argues that it is the alternative discourses provided by feminism and liberated female role models that allow women to transcend patriarchal models and in turn incite the men with whom they form relationships to do the same.Less
The conclusion intertwines a review of the book's principal themes and theoretical arguments with details of the author's own coming of age in a staunchly secular Turkish household in the 1960s and 1970s. Arguing that the AKP's 12 years in office have been characterized by the abandonment of the democratic ideals of their campaign platform in favor of top-down Islamization and the criminalization of dissent, the author suggests that this generation's youth - and particularly the pious youth now favored by the law - must insist on pluralism and a democratic political future. Romantic and sexual relationships have emerged in the book as significant sites for both challenges to and reproductions of patriarchy in Turkey. Across identity categories, the young men and women in these pages have rejected the selfless feminine and protective masculine roles embodied by their parents in favor of identities based on self-expansion and self-determination. Yet as the author reminds us, they are frequently reproducing female submission and male domination in their own romantic relationships. To this end, the author argues that it is the alternative discourses provided by feminism and liberated female role models that allow women to transcend patriarchal models and in turn incite the men with whom they form relationships to do the same.
Taraneh Wilkinson
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781474441537
- eISBN:
- 9781474464871
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474441537.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
Discussions of Turkish Islam are still frequently dominated by political considerations and dualistic paradigms: modern vs. traditional, secular vs. religious. Yet there exists a body of Muslim ...
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Discussions of Turkish Islam are still frequently dominated by political considerations and dualistic paradigms: modern vs. traditional, secular vs. religious. Yet there exists a body of Muslim institutions in Turkey, Turkish theology faculties, or ilahiyat faculties, whose work cannot always be so easily reduced to political considerations or black and white paradigms. By taking Turkish theology up on its theological rather than political concerns, this book sheds light on complex Muslim theological voices already entangled in encounters with a largely Western and Christian modernity.
Rather than ask whether or not Turkish Muslim theology is “modern,” this book aims to re-frame the binary implied in such a question by delving into the conceptual worlds of Turkish Muslim theologians. As part of this reframing, this book examines how Turkish theology dialectically mediates multiple intellectual traditions, lending particular focus to Turkish Muslim engagement with Western Christian thought.
Featuring the work of RecepAlpyağıl (Istanbul University) and Şaban Ali Düzgün (Ankara University), this study provides a concise survey of Turkish Muslim positions on religious pluralism and atheism as well as detailed treatments of both critical and appreciative Turkish Muslim perspectives on Western Christianity. The result is a critical reframing of the category of modernity through responses of Turkish theologians to the Western intellectual tradition alongside a detailed exploration of an ongoing chapter in Muslim-Christian relations.Less
Discussions of Turkish Islam are still frequently dominated by political considerations and dualistic paradigms: modern vs. traditional, secular vs. religious. Yet there exists a body of Muslim institutions in Turkey, Turkish theology faculties, or ilahiyat faculties, whose work cannot always be so easily reduced to political considerations or black and white paradigms. By taking Turkish theology up on its theological rather than political concerns, this book sheds light on complex Muslim theological voices already entangled in encounters with a largely Western and Christian modernity.
Rather than ask whether or not Turkish Muslim theology is “modern,” this book aims to re-frame the binary implied in such a question by delving into the conceptual worlds of Turkish Muslim theologians. As part of this reframing, this book examines how Turkish theology dialectically mediates multiple intellectual traditions, lending particular focus to Turkish Muslim engagement with Western Christian thought.
Featuring the work of RecepAlpyağıl (Istanbul University) and Şaban Ali Düzgün (Ankara University), this study provides a concise survey of Turkish Muslim positions on religious pluralism and atheism as well as detailed treatments of both critical and appreciative Turkish Muslim perspectives on Western Christianity. The result is a critical reframing of the category of modernity through responses of Turkish theologians to the Western intellectual tradition alongside a detailed exploration of an ongoing chapter in Muslim-Christian relations.
Bryce Lease
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781784992958
- eISBN:
- 9781526115263
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781784992958.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This monograph takes as its subject the dynamic new range of performance practices that have been developed since the demise of communism in the flourishing theatrical landscape of Poland. After ...
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This monograph takes as its subject the dynamic new range of performance practices that have been developed since the demise of communism in the flourishing theatrical landscape of Poland. After 1989, Lease argues, the theatre has retained its historical role as the crucial space for debating and interrogating cultural and political identities. Providing access to scholarship and criticism not readily accessible to an English-speaking readership, this study surveys the rebirth of the theatre as a site of public intervention and social criticism since the establishment of democracy and the proliferation of theatre makers that have flaunted cultural commonplaces and begged new questions of Polish culture. Lease suggests that a radical democratic pluralism is only tenable through the destabilization of attempts to essentialize Polish national identity, focusing on the development of new theatre practices that interrogate the rise of nationalism, alternative sexual identities and forms of kinship, gender equality, contested histories of antisemitism, and postcolonial encounters. Lease elaborates a new theory of political theatre as part of the public sphere. The main contention is that the most significant change in performance practice after 1989 has been from opposition to the state to a more pluralistic practice that engages with marginalized identities purposefully left out of the rhetoric of freedom and independence.Less
This monograph takes as its subject the dynamic new range of performance practices that have been developed since the demise of communism in the flourishing theatrical landscape of Poland. After 1989, Lease argues, the theatre has retained its historical role as the crucial space for debating and interrogating cultural and political identities. Providing access to scholarship and criticism not readily accessible to an English-speaking readership, this study surveys the rebirth of the theatre as a site of public intervention and social criticism since the establishment of democracy and the proliferation of theatre makers that have flaunted cultural commonplaces and begged new questions of Polish culture. Lease suggests that a radical democratic pluralism is only tenable through the destabilization of attempts to essentialize Polish national identity, focusing on the development of new theatre practices that interrogate the rise of nationalism, alternative sexual identities and forms of kinship, gender equality, contested histories of antisemitism, and postcolonial encounters. Lease elaborates a new theory of political theatre as part of the public sphere. The main contention is that the most significant change in performance practice after 1989 has been from opposition to the state to a more pluralistic practice that engages with marginalized identities purposefully left out of the rhetoric of freedom and independence.
Jeremy Barris
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780823262144
- eISBN:
- 9780823266647
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823262144.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy
Sometimes Always True aims to resolve three connected problems. First, we need an undogmatic pluralist standpoint in political theory, epistemology, and metaphysics. But genuine pluralism suffers ...
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Sometimes Always True aims to resolve three connected problems. First, we need an undogmatic pluralist standpoint in political theory, epistemology, and metaphysics. But genuine pluralism suffers from the contradiction that making room for fundamental differences in outlook means making room for outlooks that exclude pluralism. Second, philosophy involves reflecting on the world and meaning as a whole, yet this means adopting a vantage point in some way outside of meaning. Third, our lived experience of the sense of our lives similarly undermines its own sense, as it involves having a vantage point in some way wholly outside ourselves. In detailed engagement with, among others, Davidson, Rorty, Heidegger, Foucault Wilde, and gender and sexuality theory, the book argues that these contradictions are so thoroughgoing that, like the Liar’s Paradox, they cancel the bases of their own meaning. Consequently, it argues, they resolve themselves, and do so in a way that produces a vantage point on these issues that is not dogmatically circular because it is, workably, both within and outside these issues’ sense. The solution to a genuinely undogmatic pluralism, then, is to enter into these contradictions and the process of their self-resolution.Less
Sometimes Always True aims to resolve three connected problems. First, we need an undogmatic pluralist standpoint in political theory, epistemology, and metaphysics. But genuine pluralism suffers from the contradiction that making room for fundamental differences in outlook means making room for outlooks that exclude pluralism. Second, philosophy involves reflecting on the world and meaning as a whole, yet this means adopting a vantage point in some way outside of meaning. Third, our lived experience of the sense of our lives similarly undermines its own sense, as it involves having a vantage point in some way wholly outside ourselves. In detailed engagement with, among others, Davidson, Rorty, Heidegger, Foucault Wilde, and gender and sexuality theory, the book argues that these contradictions are so thoroughgoing that, like the Liar’s Paradox, they cancel the bases of their own meaning. Consequently, it argues, they resolve themselves, and do so in a way that produces a vantage point on these issues that is not dogmatically circular because it is, workably, both within and outside these issues’ sense. The solution to a genuinely undogmatic pluralism, then, is to enter into these contradictions and the process of their self-resolution.
Sami Pihlstrom
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780823251582
- eISBN:
- 9780823252763
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823251582.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, American Philosophy
This book responds to the currently unclear situation in the philosophy of religion by developing a version of pragmatic pluralism. This position is developed through a critical articulation and ...
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This book responds to the currently unclear situation in the philosophy of religion by developing a version of pragmatic pluralism. This position is developed through a critical articulation and defense of pragmatist philosophy of religion, largely based on William James’s and John Dewey’s ideas. The historical background of pragmatism in Kantian transcendental philosophy as well as more recent neopragmatist developments in the philosophy of religion (e.g., Richard Rorty, Hilary Putnam) are also taken into account. The book thus seeks to move beyond the mainstream debates on theism and its standard alternatives by understanding religion as, primarily, a set of human practices with their distinctive goals and interests different from those operative in other practices. In addition to thus critically transforming the available accounts of religious belief and religious language, special problems in contemporary philosophy of religion, such as the problem of evil, are also discussed from a pragmatist and pluralist perspective. In particular, it is argued that pragmatism should avoid any attempts to justify, or explain away, evil in terms of a “theodicy”. More generally, it is suggested that an adequate pragmatist philosophy of religion must remain antireductionistic – seeking to incorporate a plurality of perspectives on religion – and ought to view the ethical and metaphysical dimensions of the philosophy of religion as inextricably entangled.Less
This book responds to the currently unclear situation in the philosophy of religion by developing a version of pragmatic pluralism. This position is developed through a critical articulation and defense of pragmatist philosophy of religion, largely based on William James’s and John Dewey’s ideas. The historical background of pragmatism in Kantian transcendental philosophy as well as more recent neopragmatist developments in the philosophy of religion (e.g., Richard Rorty, Hilary Putnam) are also taken into account. The book thus seeks to move beyond the mainstream debates on theism and its standard alternatives by understanding religion as, primarily, a set of human practices with their distinctive goals and interests different from those operative in other practices. In addition to thus critically transforming the available accounts of religious belief and religious language, special problems in contemporary philosophy of religion, such as the problem of evil, are also discussed from a pragmatist and pluralist perspective. In particular, it is argued that pragmatism should avoid any attempts to justify, or explain away, evil in terms of a “theodicy”. More generally, it is suggested that an adequate pragmatist philosophy of religion must remain antireductionistic – seeking to incorporate a plurality of perspectives on religion – and ought to view the ethical and metaphysical dimensions of the philosophy of religion as inextricably entangled.
