Marisa Tellez
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780520098893
- eISBN:
- 9780520957367
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520098893.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology
Records of parasitism in crocodilians date back to the early 1800s, distributed among published works, unpublished manuscripts, and international parasite catalogs. It is possible that parasites of ...
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Records of parasitism in crocodilians date back to the early 1800s, distributed among published works, unpublished manuscripts, and international parasite catalogs. It is possible that parasites of crocodilians are highly host specific, resulting in a relationship that began over two hundred million years ago. Analyzing parasite-host specificity, geographic distribution, and taxonomy can provide otherwise cryptic details about crocodilian ecology and evolution, as well as their local food web dynamics. This information may also be useful for implementing improved conservation tactics for both crocodilians and their habitat. As climate change, anthropogenic conflict, and environmental pollution endanger crocodilian ecosystems, there is a need for organized information on crocodile, alligator, caiman, and gharial infectious diseases. This is the first checklist of crocodilians and their parasites. I trust this compilation will encourage further studies that incorporate ecology, parasitology, phylogeography, coevolution, and immunology to bring insight to crocodilian life history, evolution, and conservation. Additionally, this information may encourage veterinarians, biologists, and ecologists to expand studies of other reptilian-parasite systems, and it may improve our understanding of human impacts on ecosystems.Less
Records of parasitism in crocodilians date back to the early 1800s, distributed among published works, unpublished manuscripts, and international parasite catalogs. It is possible that parasites of crocodilians are highly host specific, resulting in a relationship that began over two hundred million years ago. Analyzing parasite-host specificity, geographic distribution, and taxonomy can provide otherwise cryptic details about crocodilian ecology and evolution, as well as their local food web dynamics. This information may also be useful for implementing improved conservation tactics for both crocodilians and their habitat. As climate change, anthropogenic conflict, and environmental pollution endanger crocodilian ecosystems, there is a need for organized information on crocodile, alligator, caiman, and gharial infectious diseases. This is the first checklist of crocodilians and their parasites. I trust this compilation will encourage further studies that incorporate ecology, parasitology, phylogeography, coevolution, and immunology to bring insight to crocodilian life history, evolution, and conservation. Additionally, this information may encourage veterinarians, biologists, and ecologists to expand studies of other reptilian-parasite systems, and it may improve our understanding of human impacts on ecosystems.
Claus Nielsen
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- December 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199606023
- eISBN:
- 9780191774706
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199606023.003.0031
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics, Animal Biology
The Gnathifera is a clade that originally comprised Gnathostomulida, Rotifera (known as Syndermata), and new group ‘A’ (Micrognathozoa) based on pronounced similarities of the jaw apparatus called ...
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The Gnathifera is a clade that originally comprised Gnathostomulida, Rotifera (known as Syndermata), and new group ‘A’ (Micrognathozoa) based on pronounced similarities of the jaw apparatus called mastax. Molecular analyses suggest that Rotifera and Micrognathozoa are sister groups, and Rotifera and Gnathostomulida as sister groups, but tend to mix them with the Gastrotricha when all three groups are included. All morphological and molecular analyses place the Gnathifera in the Spiralia, but provide little support for a more specific position. Evidence also indicates close relationships with the Gastroticha or the Platyhelminthes. Gnathifera, Gastrotricha, Platyhelminthes, and Cycliophora have been assigned to a group called Platyzoa.Less
The Gnathifera is a clade that originally comprised Gnathostomulida, Rotifera (known as Syndermata), and new group ‘A’ (Micrognathozoa) based on pronounced similarities of the jaw apparatus called mastax. Molecular analyses suggest that Rotifera and Micrognathozoa are sister groups, and Rotifera and Gnathostomulida as sister groups, but tend to mix them with the Gastrotricha when all three groups are included. All morphological and molecular analyses place the Gnathifera in the Spiralia, but provide little support for a more specific position. Evidence also indicates close relationships with the Gastroticha or the Platyhelminthes. Gnathifera, Gastrotricha, Platyhelminthes, and Cycliophora have been assigned to a group called Platyzoa.
Marisa Tellez
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780520098893
- eISBN:
- 9780520957367
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520098893.003.0004
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology
This chapter lists all of the major parasite groups identified from crocodilians and lists the crocodilian species infected with the particular parasite species.
This chapter lists all of the major parasite groups identified from crocodilians and lists the crocodilian species infected with the particular parasite species.
Claus Nielsen
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- December 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199606023
- eISBN:
- 9780191774706
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199606023.003.0023
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics, Animal Biology
The Spiralia (Lophotrochozoa) is a clade consisting of five phyla or groups of phyla whose interrelationships have proved difficult to resolve: Schizocoelia, Platyhelminthes, Gastrotricha, ...
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The Spiralia (Lophotrochozoa) is a clade consisting of five phyla or groups of phyla whose interrelationships have proved difficult to resolve: Schizocoelia, Platyhelminthes, Gastrotricha, Gnathifera, and Polyzoa. The presence of ciliated ectoderm and primary larvae in the Spiralia appears to be plesiomorphic. Compared to the Ecdysozoa, which is easy to define, the Spiralia shows a wide range of plesiomorphies. The clade was named after its spiral cleavage, which occurs in representatives of most of the phyla of the clade and exhibits strongly conserved blastomere fates. Fertilisation may take place anywhere on the egg, for example in some polychaetes, and some embryos, particularly those of molluscs and annelids, are characterised by cross-like patterns of more conspicuous blastomeres.Less
The Spiralia (Lophotrochozoa) is a clade consisting of five phyla or groups of phyla whose interrelationships have proved difficult to resolve: Schizocoelia, Platyhelminthes, Gastrotricha, Gnathifera, and Polyzoa. The presence of ciliated ectoderm and primary larvae in the Spiralia appears to be plesiomorphic. Compared to the Ecdysozoa, which is easy to define, the Spiralia shows a wide range of plesiomorphies. The clade was named after its spiral cleavage, which occurs in representatives of most of the phyla of the clade and exhibits strongly conserved blastomere fates. Fertilisation may take place anywhere on the egg, for example in some polychaetes, and some embryos, particularly those of molluscs and annelids, are characterised by cross-like patterns of more conspicuous blastomeres.
Claus Nielsen
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- December 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199606023
- eISBN:
- 9780191774706
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199606023.003.0029
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics, Animal Biology
Platyhelminthes, or flatworms, is a phylum consisting of about 25,000 described species of ‘turbellarians’, flukes, and tapeworms. The economically important parasitic flukes (Digenea and Monogenea) ...
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Platyhelminthes, or flatworms, is a phylum consisting of about 25,000 described species of ‘turbellarians’, flukes, and tapeworms. The economically important parasitic flukes (Digenea and Monogenea) and tapeworms (Cestoda) are regarded as classes parallel to ‘Turbellaria’, but only for practical reasons. The Platyhelminthes previously included the Acoela and Nemertodermatida, but morphology, embryology, and molecular phylogeny suggest that they belong to a separate clade, Acoelomorpha, which is basal to the Eubilateria. The Platyhelminthes is currently comprised of two groups, Catenulida and Rhabditophora. The catenulids are characterised by their single, biciliate protonephridia. The Rhabditophora includes the Macrostomorpha and Trepaxonemata. Hermaphroditism is common among the platyhelminths, which are considered a monophyletic group of spiralians.Less
Platyhelminthes, or flatworms, is a phylum consisting of about 25,000 described species of ‘turbellarians’, flukes, and tapeworms. The economically important parasitic flukes (Digenea and Monogenea) and tapeworms (Cestoda) are regarded as classes parallel to ‘Turbellaria’, but only for practical reasons. The Platyhelminthes previously included the Acoela and Nemertodermatida, but morphology, embryology, and molecular phylogeny suggest that they belong to a separate clade, Acoelomorpha, which is basal to the Eubilateria. The Platyhelminthes is currently comprised of two groups, Catenulida and Rhabditophora. The catenulids are characterised by their single, biciliate protonephridia. The Rhabditophora includes the Macrostomorpha and Trepaxonemata. Hermaphroditism is common among the platyhelminths, which are considered a monophyletic group of spiralians.
Peter J. Hayward and John S. Ryland
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780199549443
- eISBN:
- 9780191847943
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199549443.003.0005
- Subject:
- Biology, Aquatic Biology
A key is provided to common representative families of two flatworm phyla, Xenacoelomorpha and Platyhelminthes, together with concise descriptions and figures of exemplar species, and a key to some ...
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A key is provided to common representative families of two flatworm phyla, Xenacoelomorpha and Platyhelminthes, together with concise descriptions and figures of exemplar species, and a key to some conspicuous species of Euryleptidae. The introduction to the phylum Nemertea (ribbon worms) emphasizes the currently unsatisfactory systematic status of the group. This chapter provides keys to families, at class and subclass levels, and to common species. Identification is difficult, and classification often depends upon internal anatomy, although many species can be recognized by external morphology and colour patterns. However, for numerous species, descriptive accounts are incomplete.Less
A key is provided to common representative families of two flatworm phyla, Xenacoelomorpha and Platyhelminthes, together with concise descriptions and figures of exemplar species, and a key to some conspicuous species of Euryleptidae. The introduction to the phylum Nemertea (ribbon worms) emphasizes the currently unsatisfactory systematic status of the group. This chapter provides keys to families, at class and subclass levels, and to common species. Identification is difficult, and classification often depends upon internal anatomy, although many species can be recognized by external morphology and colour patterns. However, for numerous species, descriptive accounts are incomplete.
