Kathleen M. Blee
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199842766
- eISBN:
- 9780199951161
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199842766.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
Democracy in the Making looks at how activist groups form. By closely observing the dynamics of 60 emerging activist efforts on the left and right over a three year period in Pittsburgh, ...
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Democracy in the Making looks at how activist groups form. By closely observing the dynamics of 60 emerging activist efforts on the left and right over a three year period in Pittsburgh, it assesses the possibilities and limits of grassroots activism as a democratizing force in modern U.S. society. The book presents two broad findings. First, very early times matter. What an activist group initially does, even what it talks about, has long-lasting consequences. Early actions set up assumptions about how activist groups should operate that are difficult to dismantle or even perceive. Second, activist groups make decisions within a changing sense of what is possible. Over time, their sense of possibilities tends to narrow and options for action become more restricted. When action is too constrained, groups either collapse or dramatically reshape their sense of possibilities. By taking a close look at how ordinary people come together to change society, this book pinpoints both the potentials and the boundaries of democratization in grassroots activism. It shows how activism can broaden people’s sense of political engagement but also how activist groups can become mired in dysfunctional and undemocratic patterns that their members may dislike but don’t know how to change.Less
Democracy in the Making looks at how activist groups form. By closely observing the dynamics of 60 emerging activist efforts on the left and right over a three year period in Pittsburgh, it assesses the possibilities and limits of grassroots activism as a democratizing force in modern U.S. society. The book presents two broad findings. First, very early times matter. What an activist group initially does, even what it talks about, has long-lasting consequences. Early actions set up assumptions about how activist groups should operate that are difficult to dismantle or even perceive. Second, activist groups make decisions within a changing sense of what is possible. Over time, their sense of possibilities tends to narrow and options for action become more restricted. When action is too constrained, groups either collapse or dramatically reshape their sense of possibilities. By taking a close look at how ordinary people come together to change society, this book pinpoints both the potentials and the boundaries of democratization in grassroots activism. It shows how activism can broaden people’s sense of political engagement but also how activist groups can become mired in dysfunctional and undemocratic patterns that their members may dislike but don’t know how to change.
Lisa L. Miller
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195331684
- eISBN:
- 9780199867967
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331684.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter begins with a discussion of the need to re-vision political mobilization and interest group activity through the lens provided by politicized urban neighborhoods. The scholarly emphasis ...
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This chapter begins with a discussion of the need to re-vision political mobilization and interest group activity through the lens provided by politicized urban neighborhoods. The scholarly emphasis on formal organization, resource mobilization, and policy strategies often obscures low-income residents' active political engagement with a full range of quality-of-life issues, from graffiti, vandalism, and illegal billboard advertisements to aggressive drug dealing, hate crimes, and gun violence. The chapter details the interest group environment on the crime issue in two large urban locales, Philadelphia and Pittsburgh. At the urban level—unlike the state and national levels—this chapter reveals a stunning array of broadly focused citizen groups that are active and regular participants in crime control politics. These groups range from formal organizations, such as long-standing community councils, to informal and new organizations formed in the aftermath of tragic, violent crimes. They interact with lawmakers through legislative hearings but also through a wide range of informal contacts. In contrast, police and prosecutors are more limited in their interaction with legislators, which shifts problem definitions and policy frames away from punishing offenders and toward broader social problems facing high-crime communities.Less
This chapter begins with a discussion of the need to re-vision political mobilization and interest group activity through the lens provided by politicized urban neighborhoods. The scholarly emphasis on formal organization, resource mobilization, and policy strategies often obscures low-income residents' active political engagement with a full range of quality-of-life issues, from graffiti, vandalism, and illegal billboard advertisements to aggressive drug dealing, hate crimes, and gun violence. The chapter details the interest group environment on the crime issue in two large urban locales, Philadelphia and Pittsburgh. At the urban level—unlike the state and national levels—this chapter reveals a stunning array of broadly focused citizen groups that are active and regular participants in crime control politics. These groups range from formal organizations, such as long-standing community councils, to informal and new organizations formed in the aftermath of tragic, violent crimes. They interact with lawmakers through legislative hearings but also through a wide range of informal contacts. In contrast, police and prosecutors are more limited in their interaction with legislators, which shifts problem definitions and policy frames away from punishing offenders and toward broader social problems facing high-crime communities.
Walter van de Leur
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195124484
- eISBN:
- 9780199868711
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195124484.003.0001
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
This chapter plots the three lines along which Strayhorn’s music developed: classical music, theater music, and jazz. After a brief biographical narrative, it investigates Strayhorn’s surviving ...
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This chapter plots the three lines along which Strayhorn’s music developed: classical music, theater music, and jazz. After a brief biographical narrative, it investigates Strayhorn’s surviving counterpoint exercises. These bring up his education in classical music and his classical piano playing. Strayhorn’s early compositions in a classical vein that presage some of his later works are introduced, including Valse (Lento Sostenuto) and Concerto for Piano and Percussion. The chapter then moves to the theater show Fantastic Rhythm (1935), for which Strayhorn wrote the music and the lyrics. A discussion of the show follows, based on rediscovered manuscripts. Though youthful, this show too foreshadows Strayhorn’s later work. Other original early works are presented, including Lush Life, Something to Live For, and Your Love Has Faded. The chapter concludes with an exploration of Strayhorn’s jazz orchestrations from his pre-Ellington period.Less
This chapter plots the three lines along which Strayhorn’s music developed: classical music, theater music, and jazz. After a brief biographical narrative, it investigates Strayhorn’s surviving counterpoint exercises. These bring up his education in classical music and his classical piano playing. Strayhorn’s early compositions in a classical vein that presage some of his later works are introduced, including Valse (Lento Sostenuto) and Concerto for Piano and Percussion. The chapter then moves to the theater show Fantastic Rhythm (1935), for which Strayhorn wrote the music and the lyrics. A discussion of the show follows, based on rediscovered manuscripts. Though youthful, this show too foreshadows Strayhorn’s later work. Other original early works are presented, including Lush Life, Something to Live For, and Your Love Has Faded. The chapter concludes with an exploration of Strayhorn’s jazz orchestrations from his pre-Ellington period.
William E. Klunk and Chester A. Mathis
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195328875
- eISBN:
- 9780199864836
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195328875.003.0014
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Techniques, Development
One thing that has become clear from amyloid imaging studies is how early the full burden of plaques accumulate, often by the time a patient first develops symptoms. This finding brings with it the ...
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One thing that has become clear from amyloid imaging studies is how early the full burden of plaques accumulate, often by the time a patient first develops symptoms. This finding brings with it the challenge to define the earliest evidence of plaque accumulation, and this is very likely to be in the clinically unimpaired elderly. We will then need to understand the full significance of asymptomatic brain β-amyloidosis. Does it lead to sub-clinical cognitive deficits? Does it lead to Alzheimer's disease (AD)? If good anti-amyloid therapies can be developed, should they be started at this preclinical stage? Perhaps most importantly, if amyloid deposition can be reversed at this early stage, can AD be prevented? The current paradigm of diagnosing and treating AD during the clinically symptomatic period may not lead us to the treatment success we desire and a new paradigm for the treatment during pre-symptomatic period of AD seems to be required. Amyloid imaging may have its most important application in the detection and longitudinal follow-up of this prodromal state. It may lead to a new definition of what is “normal” aging.Less
One thing that has become clear from amyloid imaging studies is how early the full burden of plaques accumulate, often by the time a patient first develops symptoms. This finding brings with it the challenge to define the earliest evidence of plaque accumulation, and this is very likely to be in the clinically unimpaired elderly. We will then need to understand the full significance of asymptomatic brain β-amyloidosis. Does it lead to sub-clinical cognitive deficits? Does it lead to Alzheimer's disease (AD)? If good anti-amyloid therapies can be developed, should they be started at this preclinical stage? Perhaps most importantly, if amyloid deposition can be reversed at this early stage, can AD be prevented? The current paradigm of diagnosing and treating AD during the clinically symptomatic period may not lead us to the treatment success we desire and a new paradigm for the treatment during pre-symptomatic period of AD seems to be required. Amyloid imaging may have its most important application in the detection and longitudinal follow-up of this prodromal state. It may lead to a new definition of what is “normal” aging.
Kathleen M. Blee
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199842766
- eISBN:
- 9780199951161
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199842766.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
This chapter introduces major questions and arguments and outlines the direction of the book. It includes general descriptions of the data and logic of methodology and background on Pittsburgh and ...
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This chapter introduces major questions and arguments and outlines the direction of the book. It includes general descriptions of the data and logic of methodology and background on Pittsburgh and its activist community. It also presents the complexities of defining emergence in grassroots activism.Less
This chapter introduces major questions and arguments and outlines the direction of the book. It includes general descriptions of the data and logic of methodology and background on Pittsburgh and its activist community. It also presents the complexities of defining emergence in grassroots activism.
Zed Adams and Jacob Browning (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780262035248
- eISBN:
- 9780262335850
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262035248.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
In his work, the philosopher John Haugeland (1945–2010) proposed a radical expansion of philosophy’s conceptual toolkit, calling for a wider range of resources for understanding the mind, the world, ...
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In his work, the philosopher John Haugeland (1945–2010) proposed a radical expansion of philosophy’s conceptual toolkit, calling for a wider range of resources for understanding the mind, the world, and how they relate. Haugeland argued that “giving a damn” is essential for having a mind, and suggested that traditional approaches to cognitive science mistakenly overlook the relevance of caring to the understanding of mindedness. Haugeland’s determination to expand philosophy’s array of concepts led him to write on a wide variety of subjects that may seem unrelated—from topics in cognitive science and philosophy of mind to examinations of such figures as Immanuel Kant, Martin Heidegger, and Thomas Kuhn. Haugeland’s two books with the MIT Press, Artificial Intelligence and Mind Design, show the range of his interests.
This book offers a collection of essays in conversation with Haugeland’s work. The essays, by prominent scholars, extend Haugeland’s work on a range of contemporary topics in philosophy of mind—from questions about intentionality to issues concerning objectivity and truth to the work of Heidegger. Giving a Damn also includes a previously unpublished paper by Haugeland, “Two Dogmas of Rationalism,” as well as critical responses to it. Finally, an appendix offers Haugeland’s outline of Kant’s "Transcendental Deduction of the Categories.”Less
In his work, the philosopher John Haugeland (1945–2010) proposed a radical expansion of philosophy’s conceptual toolkit, calling for a wider range of resources for understanding the mind, the world, and how they relate. Haugeland argued that “giving a damn” is essential for having a mind, and suggested that traditional approaches to cognitive science mistakenly overlook the relevance of caring to the understanding of mindedness. Haugeland’s determination to expand philosophy’s array of concepts led him to write on a wide variety of subjects that may seem unrelated—from topics in cognitive science and philosophy of mind to examinations of such figures as Immanuel Kant, Martin Heidegger, and Thomas Kuhn. Haugeland’s two books with the MIT Press, Artificial Intelligence and Mind Design, show the range of his interests.
This book offers a collection of essays in conversation with Haugeland’s work. The essays, by prominent scholars, extend Haugeland’s work on a range of contemporary topics in philosophy of mind—from questions about intentionality to issues concerning objectivity and truth to the work of Heidegger. Giving a Damn also includes a previously unpublished paper by Haugeland, “Two Dogmas of Rationalism,” as well as critical responses to it. Finally, an appendix offers Haugeland’s outline of Kant’s "Transcendental Deduction of the Categories.”
Daniel Kremer
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813165967
- eISBN:
- 9780813166742
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813165967.003.0002
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
Furie was born and raised in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. His parents, Polish-Jewish immigrants from the same European village, raised him with progressive values that were counter to the climate and ...
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Furie was born and raised in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. His parents, Polish-Jewish immigrants from the same European village, raised him with progressive values that were counter to the climate and spirit of the times. As a young man in Canada with big ideals, Furie finds himself constantly shortchanged by a nation with an inferiority complex. His progressive, supportive parents, however, agree to send him to the U.S. to continue his education. After attending Carnegie Tech in Pittsburgh and graduating with a theater degree, he returns home and scores a job at the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), where he is enlisted to watch 200 B movies. This provides his “film school,” and soon he is asked to direct a public-service announcement for the prevention of forest fires. He marries his first wife, Sheila Hiltz.Less
Furie was born and raised in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. His parents, Polish-Jewish immigrants from the same European village, raised him with progressive values that were counter to the climate and spirit of the times. As a young man in Canada with big ideals, Furie finds himself constantly shortchanged by a nation with an inferiority complex. His progressive, supportive parents, however, agree to send him to the U.S. to continue his education. After attending Carnegie Tech in Pittsburgh and graduating with a theater degree, he returns home and scores a job at the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), where he is enlisted to watch 200 B movies. This provides his “film school,” and soon he is asked to direct a public-service announcement for the prevention of forest fires. He marries his first wife, Sheila Hiltz.
Jessie B. Ramey
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252036903
- eISBN:
- 9780252094422
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252036903.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This innovative study examines the development of institutional child care from 1878 to 1929, based on a comparison of two “sister” orphanages in Pittsburgh: the all-white United Presbyterian ...
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This innovative study examines the development of institutional child care from 1878 to 1929, based on a comparison of two “sister” orphanages in Pittsburgh: the all-white United Presbyterian Orphan's Home and the all-black Home for Colored Children. Drawing on quantitative analysis of the records of more than 1,500 children living at the two orphanages, as well as census data, city logs, and contemporary social science surveys, this study raises new questions about the role of child care in constructing and perpetrating social inequality in the United States.The book explores how working families shaped institutional child care. The term “child care” is used to mean assistance with the daily labor of caring for children; and specifically in the case of orphanages, parents' tactic of placing their children temporarily in institutions with the intention of retrieving them after a relatively short time. The book argues that the development of institutional child care was premised upon and rife with gender, race, and class inequities—these persistent ideologies had consequences for the evolution of social welfare and modern child care.Less
This innovative study examines the development of institutional child care from 1878 to 1929, based on a comparison of two “sister” orphanages in Pittsburgh: the all-white United Presbyterian Orphan's Home and the all-black Home for Colored Children. Drawing on quantitative analysis of the records of more than 1,500 children living at the two orphanages, as well as census data, city logs, and contemporary social science surveys, this study raises new questions about the role of child care in constructing and perpetrating social inequality in the United States.The book explores how working families shaped institutional child care. The term “child care” is used to mean assistance with the daily labor of caring for children; and specifically in the case of orphanages, parents' tactic of placing their children temporarily in institutions with the intention of retrieving them after a relatively short time. The book argues that the development of institutional child care was premised upon and rife with gender, race, and class inequities—these persistent ideologies had consequences for the evolution of social welfare and modern child care.
Magda Stouthamer-Loeber
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199917938
- eISBN:
- 9780199950430
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199917938.003.0012
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
This chapter examines the important role that David Farrington has played in the start-up and design of the Pittsburgh Youth Study and how he always stressed hands-on data collection and management. ...
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This chapter examines the important role that David Farrington has played in the start-up and design of the Pittsburgh Youth Study and how he always stressed hands-on data collection and management. It contrasts past with future data collection techniques and improved issues of confidentiality in the current world of data sharing. It also discusses optimal management conditions for the execution of longitudinal studies, stressing the need for ongoing quality controls for data collection, and advances in methods of data storage, multidisciplinary collaboration within and across studies, and the need to optimize the yields of longitudinal studies through secondary data analyses.Less
This chapter examines the important role that David Farrington has played in the start-up and design of the Pittsburgh Youth Study and how he always stressed hands-on data collection and management. It contrasts past with future data collection techniques and improved issues of confidentiality in the current world of data sharing. It also discusses optimal management conditions for the execution of longitudinal studies, stressing the need for ongoing quality controls for data collection, and advances in methods of data storage, multidisciplinary collaboration within and across studies, and the need to optimize the yields of longitudinal studies through secondary data analyses.
Kathleen M. German
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781496812353
- eISBN:
- 9781496812391
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496812353.003.0010
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
The black press had a tremendous impact on shaping and solidifying attitudes in the African American community. This chapter identifies the impact of black journalists who shaped minority public ...
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The black press had a tremendous impact on shaping and solidifying attitudes in the African American community. This chapter identifies the impact of black journalists who shaped minority public opinion and generated government anxiety during World Wars I and II. It explores the themes that dominated news stories as well as the federal response to the black press.Less
The black press had a tremendous impact on shaping and solidifying attitudes in the African American community. This chapter identifies the impact of black journalists who shaped minority public opinion and generated government anxiety during World Wars I and II. It explores the themes that dominated news stories as well as the federal response to the black press.
Neil Gould
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780823228713
- eISBN:
- 9780823241798
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823228713.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
This chapter sets the stage for Victor Herbert's upbringing. It traces Herbert's Irish roots and influential people in his life, such as his grandfather Samuel Lover who was an artist, author, ...
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This chapter sets the stage for Victor Herbert's upbringing. It traces Herbert's Irish roots and influential people in his life, such as his grandfather Samuel Lover who was an artist, author, composer, and entertainer and his mother Fanny Lover. Herbert's father, Edward Herbert tragically disappeared during a trip to Paris in 1862. Schooled in the arts by his mother and grandfather, Herbert was fluent in several languages. Since he was fluent in German, when the time came for Herbert's formal education, Fanny decided to have him educated in Germany where he took up the cello. After graduation the family's financial situation caused Herbert to find work. Herbert traveled to the United States to play in the Pittsburgh Orchestra and began touring. He met and married Theresa Forster, a dramatic soprano.Less
This chapter sets the stage for Victor Herbert's upbringing. It traces Herbert's Irish roots and influential people in his life, such as his grandfather Samuel Lover who was an artist, author, composer, and entertainer and his mother Fanny Lover. Herbert's father, Edward Herbert tragically disappeared during a trip to Paris in 1862. Schooled in the arts by his mother and grandfather, Herbert was fluent in several languages. Since he was fluent in German, when the time came for Herbert's formal education, Fanny decided to have him educated in Germany where he took up the cello. After graduation the family's financial situation caused Herbert to find work. Herbert traveled to the United States to play in the Pittsburgh Orchestra and began touring. He met and married Theresa Forster, a dramatic soprano.
Neil Gould
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780823228713
- eISBN:
- 9780823241798
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823228713.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
By the late 1880s Herbert has composed six successful operettas when he is offered a one-year contract for the Pittsburgh Orchestra. Herbert's motivation for accepting the contract can be traced to ...
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By the late 1880s Herbert has composed six successful operettas when he is offered a one-year contract for the Pittsburgh Orchestra. Herbert's motivation for accepting the contract can be traced to two elements that motivated him—a new artistic challenge and the opportunity to add to his income. During this period he created two of his greatest stage works, The Fortune Teller and Babes in Toyland. He firmly established himself as the outstanding American composer of music entertainment of his time. The Victor Herbert Orchestra reaches the height of John Phillip Sousa's Band.Less
By the late 1880s Herbert has composed six successful operettas when he is offered a one-year contract for the Pittsburgh Orchestra. Herbert's motivation for accepting the contract can be traced to two elements that motivated him—a new artistic challenge and the opportunity to add to his income. During this period he created two of his greatest stage works, The Fortune Teller and Babes in Toyland. He firmly established himself as the outstanding American composer of music entertainment of his time. The Victor Herbert Orchestra reaches the height of John Phillip Sousa's Band.
Neil Gould
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780823228713
- eISBN:
- 9780823241798
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823228713.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
Herbert decided to part ways with the Pittsburgh Orchestra at the turn of th twentieth century. The Victor Herbert Orchestra which had begun in the last three years of Herbert's residency in ...
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Herbert decided to part ways with the Pittsburgh Orchestra at the turn of th twentieth century. The Victor Herbert Orchestra which had begun in the last three years of Herbert's residency in Pittsburgh decides to come to New York City. Herbert scheduled a spring tour with sit-down engagements at Willow Grove Park, near Philadelphia, and at Saratoga Springs, New York. His success grew and he was awarded an honorary Doctor of Music Degree by Villanova University.Less
Herbert decided to part ways with the Pittsburgh Orchestra at the turn of th twentieth century. The Victor Herbert Orchestra which had begun in the last three years of Herbert's residency in Pittsburgh decides to come to New York City. Herbert scheduled a spring tour with sit-down engagements at Willow Grove Park, near Philadelphia, and at Saratoga Springs, New York. His success grew and he was awarded an honorary Doctor of Music Degree by Villanova University.
Tamara Dubowitz, Theresa L. Osypuk, and Kristen Kurland
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847423207
- eISBN:
- 9781447303398
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847423207.003.0003
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter highlights the effect of the overall social environment on health, showing how poverty in a high-inequality society (such as the US) is spatially associated with factors that make ...
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This chapter highlights the effect of the overall social environment on health, showing how poverty in a high-inequality society (such as the US) is spatially associated with factors that make healthy living more difficult: a lack of quality food outlets and green spaces. It focuses on the built and social residential environment of individuals, with the implicit understanding that there are myriad factors on biological and social levels that contribute towards obesity and its related consequences. The chapter also stresses how the residential environment of individuals can frame their health-related behaviours related to obesity, specifically diet and physical activity. It uses the example of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to examine the distribution of obesity within the city in relation to the green space environment, the distribution of food purchasing venues and the sociodemographic characteristics of neighbourhoods within the city.Less
This chapter highlights the effect of the overall social environment on health, showing how poverty in a high-inequality society (such as the US) is spatially associated with factors that make healthy living more difficult: a lack of quality food outlets and green spaces. It focuses on the built and social residential environment of individuals, with the implicit understanding that there are myriad factors on biological and social levels that contribute towards obesity and its related consequences. The chapter also stresses how the residential environment of individuals can frame their health-related behaviours related to obesity, specifically diet and physical activity. It uses the example of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to examine the distribution of obesity within the city in relation to the green space environment, the distribution of food purchasing venues and the sociodemographic characteristics of neighbourhoods within the city.
John Stratton Hawley and Vasudha Narayanan
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520249134
- eISBN:
- 9780520940079
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520249134.003.0016
- Subject:
- Religion, Hinduism
This chapter, on the impressive temple to Vishnu as Ventakesvara (Lord of the Venkata Hill) in Pittsburgh, describes what it took to transplant this major deity from the hills of Andhra Pradesh to ...
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This chapter, on the impressive temple to Vishnu as Ventakesvara (Lord of the Venkata Hill) in Pittsburgh, describes what it took to transplant this major deity from the hills of Andhra Pradesh to Penn Hills, Pennsylvania. It concludes with some observations about the cardinal features of Hinduism as understood not just in Pittsburgh but in the American Hindu diaspora at large, and also notes the conviction that Hinduism is a tolerant religion.Less
This chapter, on the impressive temple to Vishnu as Ventakesvara (Lord of the Venkata Hill) in Pittsburgh, describes what it took to transplant this major deity from the hills of Andhra Pradesh to Penn Hills, Pennsylvania. It concludes with some observations about the cardinal features of Hinduism as understood not just in Pittsburgh but in the American Hindu diaspora at large, and also notes the conviction that Hinduism is a tolerant religion.
Jon Shelton
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252040870
- eISBN:
- 9780252099373
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252040870.003.0002
- Subject:
- Education, Educational Policy and Politics
This chapter outlines the parameters of the “public sector labor problem.” When private sector unions grew powerful after World War II, public employees organized for similar rights. In many states ...
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This chapter outlines the parameters of the “public sector labor problem.” When private sector unions grew powerful after World War II, public employees organized for similar rights. In many states they acquired the right to organize but not the right to strike. The chapter chronicles the early history of teacher unions—especially the American Federation of Teachers (AFT)—and their quest for meaningful collective bargaining. It uses Pennsylvania—the state that passed the furthest reaching attempt to ensure union rights for teachers—and teacher strikes in Pittsburgh (1968, 1971) and Philadelphia (1970) to highlight the failure of liberal labor policy to prevent teacher strikes.Less
This chapter outlines the parameters of the “public sector labor problem.” When private sector unions grew powerful after World War II, public employees organized for similar rights. In many states they acquired the right to organize but not the right to strike. The chapter chronicles the early history of teacher unions—especially the American Federation of Teachers (AFT)—and their quest for meaningful collective bargaining. It uses Pennsylvania—the state that passed the furthest reaching attempt to ensure union rights for teachers—and teacher strikes in Pittsburgh (1968, 1971) and Philadelphia (1970) to highlight the failure of liberal labor policy to prevent teacher strikes.
Jon Shelton
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252040870
- eISBN:
- 9780252099373
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252040870.003.0006
- Subject:
- Education, Educational Policy and Politics
This chapter documents the nation’s longest and most contentious teacher strike in the immediate wake of the New York City fiscal crisis of 1975, after which New York and many other cities were ...
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This chapter documents the nation’s longest and most contentious teacher strike in the immediate wake of the New York City fiscal crisis of 1975, after which New York and many other cities were forced on the path of municipal austerity. In December, 1975 the Pittsburgh school board worried about the high cost of teacher salary increases, even though the city was in a very strong financial position. The Pittsburgh teacher union went on strike and the local court issued an injunction. In the Steel City, a contentious public discussion erupted over the teachers’ illegal strike and the connection between teacher salaries and taxes. Indeed, a robust version of taxpayer resistance to teachers had emerged by the end of the strike.Less
This chapter documents the nation’s longest and most contentious teacher strike in the immediate wake of the New York City fiscal crisis of 1975, after which New York and many other cities were forced on the path of municipal austerity. In December, 1975 the Pittsburgh school board worried about the high cost of teacher salary increases, even though the city was in a very strong financial position. The Pittsburgh teacher union went on strike and the local court issued an injunction. In the Steel City, a contentious public discussion erupted over the teachers’ illegal strike and the connection between teacher salaries and taxes. Indeed, a robust version of taxpayer resistance to teachers had emerged by the end of the strike.
Osizwe Raena Jamila Harwell
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781496807588
- eISBN:
- 9781496807625
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496807588.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
Chapter one commences with a detailed account of Bebe Moore Campbell’s experiences at the University of Pittsburgh. Blending social history with biography, the chapter explores Campbell’s activism ...
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Chapter one commences with a detailed account of Bebe Moore Campbell’s experiences at the University of Pittsburgh. Blending social history with biography, the chapter explores Campbell’s activism within the Black Action Society at the University of Pittsburgh from 1967-1971 and narrates her activities as a student in this period. Accounts of key organizations, political events, protests, and campus events are used to establish the general climate of the campus and to consider the author’s participation and leadership therein.Less
Chapter one commences with a detailed account of Bebe Moore Campbell’s experiences at the University of Pittsburgh. Blending social history with biography, the chapter explores Campbell’s activism within the Black Action Society at the University of Pittsburgh from 1967-1971 and narrates her activities as a student in this period. Accounts of key organizations, political events, protests, and campus events are used to establish the general climate of the campus and to consider the author’s participation and leadership therein.
Jonathan D. Karmel
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781501709982
- eISBN:
- 9781501714382
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501709982.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Employment Law
This chapter traces workplace safety laws and regulations from after the Civil War to the passage of the OSHAct. It features the activists, journalists,social scientists and workplace disasters that ...
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This chapter traces workplace safety laws and regulations from after the Civil War to the passage of the OSHAct. It features the activists, journalists,social scientists and workplace disasters that were instrumental in raising public awareness of the need for worker safety laws that finally resulted in national legislation in 1970, as well as the opposition to the OSHAct that continues today.Less
This chapter traces workplace safety laws and regulations from after the Civil War to the passage of the OSHAct. It features the activists, journalists,social scientists and workplace disasters that were instrumental in raising public awareness of the need for worker safety laws that finally resulted in national legislation in 1970, as well as the opposition to the OSHAct that continues today.
Bruce Dancis
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801452420
- eISBN:
- 9780801470417
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801452420.003.0018
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
The author discusses his release on parole from the Federal Youth Center on December 23, 1970. He first went up for parole during his fifth month of imprisonment in Ashland. His parole was quickly ...
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The author discusses his release on parole from the Federal Youth Center on December 23, 1970. He first went up for parole during his fifth month of imprisonment in Ashland. His parole was quickly denied, and the next parole hearing was scheduled for October 1970. The author talks about his parole plan and his “Christmas release”—a release date just before Christmas Day—on December 3, 1970; the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s monitoring of his parole plans; his flight to Pittsburgh en route to New York City after his release; and his “Certificate of Parole,” which listed, under “Conditions of Parole,” all the things that parolees like him were not allowed to do. According to the terms of his release, the author could remain on parole until May 19, 1975, which was equivalent to an additional 1,608 days.Less
The author discusses his release on parole from the Federal Youth Center on December 23, 1970. He first went up for parole during his fifth month of imprisonment in Ashland. His parole was quickly denied, and the next parole hearing was scheduled for October 1970. The author talks about his parole plan and his “Christmas release”—a release date just before Christmas Day—on December 3, 1970; the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s monitoring of his parole plans; his flight to Pittsburgh en route to New York City after his release; and his “Certificate of Parole,” which listed, under “Conditions of Parole,” all the things that parolees like him were not allowed to do. According to the terms of his release, the author could remain on parole until May 19, 1975, which was equivalent to an additional 1,608 days.
