Search Results

Building Spatial Europe: An Environmental Justice Perspective 1

Jane Holder

in Environmental Protection: European Law and Governance

The EU's European Spatial Development Perspective (ESDP) and subsequent documents on spatial planning and territorial cohesion provide a framework for decision making about land use and development ... More

The EU's European Spatial Development Perspective (ESDP) and subsequent documents on spatial planning and territorial cohesion provide a framework for decision making about land use and development in the European Union. This chapter focuses on the origins of the ESDP and some of its key elements: sustainable development, territory, mobility, environment, and cohesion. Its main critique of the ESDP, and later spatial planning initiatives, is the absence of concern with environmental justice — a matter attributed to the fact that the ESDP been overridden by concerns about the acceleration of economic growth in the regions and in rural areas, firmly in keeping with the original economic aims and objectives of the Union, but distanced from a more progressive environmental and social justice agenda.Less

Unbounded Systems Thinking: The Fifth Way of Knowing

MITROFF IAN I. and LINSTONE HAROLD A.

in The Unbounded Mind: Breaking the Chains of Traditional Business Thinking

This chapter introduces Unbounded Systems Thinking (UST) and contends that it is the basis for the “new thinking” called for in the Information Age. The discussions in this chapter begin by briefly ... More

This chapter introduces Unbounded Systems Thinking (UST) and contends that it is the basis for the “new thinking” called for in the Information Age. The discussions in this chapter begin by briefly reviewing the four ways of knowing presented in the previous chapters. Agreement, Analysis, Multiple Realities, and Conflict as Idea System's all have strict limits. In contrast, UST asserts that “everything interacts with everything.” Every one of the sciences and professions is considered fundamental and none is superior to or better than any other. In UST, the supposed distinct and separate existence of the various ISs that was implied in the preceding chapters is a fiction. Given its complexity, a better understanding of this IS is demonstrated by the authors through a brief and general overview of the systems approach before they provide a concrete problem-solving method known as the Multiple Perspective Concept or Method to illustrate its application.Less

The Perspectivation of Simulations

Inge Hinterwaldner

in The Systemic Image: A New Theory of Interactive Real-Time Simulations

Computer simulations are introduced as processes shaped according to the ‘systems perspective’. This expression is a parallel to central perspective. While the latter is a specific medium to form ... More

Computer simulations are introduced as processes shaped according to the ‘systems perspective’. This expression is a parallel to central perspective. While the latter is a specific medium to form space, the former organizes dynamics. There exist various attempts to reformulate a kind of perspectivation in the domain of new media. They differ from the proposed as they are not elaborated with respect to the rules of its construction logic. In order to assimilate the new, for the ‘systems perspective’, the eye point is compared with parameters or variables, the vanishing point with the aspect of the real time, and the cut through the visual pyramid with the phase space. A first critique of the simulation dynamic is conveyed with the argumentative help of Jean Baudrillard. It touches the generalization through laws, the discretization of dynamic, and the specific mode of communication.Less

Philosophy and the Historical Perspective: A New Debate on an Old Topic

Marcel van Ackeren

Marcel van Ackeren and Lee Klein (eds)

in Philosophy and the Historical Perspective

Since the rise of analytical philosophy, the relation of current philosophy and its past is more hotly debated among philosophers than ever. In this Introduction, I first explain the main questions ... More

Since the rise of analytical philosophy, the relation of current philosophy and its past is more hotly debated among philosophers than ever. In this Introduction, I first explain the main questions of this debate: Does the study of the history of philosophy contribute to philosophy? What is this contribution? Is there a specific method relating the historical perspective to current philosophy? What does this mean for our view on philosophy in general? Second, I critically discuss doubts about the usefulness of the debate and defend its importance. Third, I briefly discuss the relation of the historical perspective and its relation to the philosophy of philosophy, and finally I summarize the evolution of the debate and some of its main positions.Less

Reformulating the Worldview Hypothesis

W. Underhill James

in Humboldt, Worldview and Language

This chapter begins by summarizing Humboldt's contribution to the contemporary study of comparative linguistics in six crucial points. It then proceeds to consider the relationship between language, ... More

This chapter begins by summarizing Humboldt's contribution to the contemporary study of comparative linguistics in six crucial points. It then proceeds to consider the relationship between language, world, thought, and worldview. Each of these concepts is defined singly. Then, the interaction of the four forces at work in constructing the way we apprehend the world and act within it is considered. The term, ‘worldview’ is not rejected, but the section devoted to this concept serves to break down this problematic and controversial notion into five distinct and clearly defined sub-concepts: cultural mindset, personal world, perspective, world-perceiving and world-conceiving.Less

Encoding, representing, and estimating event frequencies: a multiple strategy perspective

Norman R. Brown

in Etc. Frequency Processing and Cognition

People use several formats to represent frequency information and they use several strategies to generate frequency judgements. These observations are at the core of an approach to event frequency ... More

People use several formats to represent frequency information and they use several strategies to generate frequency judgements. These observations are at the core of an approach to event frequency called the Multiple Strategy Perspective (MSP). This chapter provides an overview of the MSP and a review of pertinent research methods and findings. The overview catalogues the common frequency formats, estimation strategies, and performance patterns. It also identifies a set of systemic relations which first links encoding factors and event properties to frequency representations, then links these frequency representations to strategy selection, and finally links strategy selection to estimation performance (i.e. speed, accuracy, and bias). Strategy selection and implication for basic and applied research are considered in the concluding sections of the chapter.Less

Introduction to embodied communication: why communication needs the body

Ipke Wachsmuth, Manuela Lenzen, and Günther Knoblich

in Embodied Communication in Humans and Machines

The aim of this book is to launch and explore a new integrated and interdisciplinary perspective, the Embodied Communication Perspective. The embodied communication perspective creates a new ... More

The aim of this book is to launch and explore a new integrated and interdisciplinary perspective, the Embodied Communication Perspective. The embodied communication perspective creates a new framework to reinterpret empirical findings in the cognitive and neurosciences, and to integrate findings from different research fields that have explored similar topics without much crosstalk between them. At the same time, the embodied communication perspective can serve as a guide for engineers who construct artificial agents and robots which should be able to interact with humans.Less

Interface as Utopia

Michael F. Leruth

in Fred Forest's Utopia: Media Art and Activism

The Conclusion looks more closely at the utopian thread that runs through Forest’s artistic practice beginning with an overview of his lifelong preoccupation with immaterial forms of territoriality ... More

The Conclusion looks more closely at the utopian thread that runs through Forest’s artistic practice beginning with an overview of his lifelong preoccupation with immaterial forms of territoriality and his personal preference for more “realistic” forms of utopia. After outlining the symptoms of a postmodern crisis in western utopian thinking in its dominant perspectival form emphasizing visual projection, collective projects, and social-technological progress, it goes on to examine the ways in which Forest’s art represents a fundamental reconfiguration of the notion of utopia that differs from the enfeebled western paradigm in several important respects. Foremost among these differences is that Forest puts utopia in reverse by making utopia (i.e., the everyday pseudo-utopia of the modern mediascape, which he subjects to defamiliarizing realism) the mundane starting point rather than the ideal culmination of his utopian artistic practice. The Conclusion closes with a retrospective look at Forest’s body of work through the lens of the four main types of utopian interfaces he creates: the specular interface, the subversive interface, the metacommunicational interface, and the liminal interface.Less

Participation and Union with Christ in New Testament Scholarship

Grant Macaskill

in Union with Christ in the New Testament

This chapter surveys modern research on participatory accounts of salvation in the New Testament, particularly those developed in Pauline scholarship, with a view to establishing key considerations ... More

This chapter surveys modern research on participatory accounts of salvation in the New Testament, particularly those developed in Pauline scholarship, with a view to establishing key considerations for the rest of the study. The connections between participation in Christ and the discussions of justification theology in the ‘New Perspective on Paul’ will be noted, as will the significance of the so-called ‘apocalyptic’ approach to Paul, with its hostility to covenant theology. The growing interest in theosis and the problems associated with this will also be explored. In each of these areas, the relevance of historical theology to New Testament scholarship will be demonstrated, highlighting the need for an integrative study of union with Christ, particularly one that pays attention to primary theological literature.Less

Perspective, Empathy, and Activism: Neil Gaiman’s The View from the Cheap Seats

Tara Prescott

in The Artistry of Neil Gaiman: Finding Light in the Shadows

The chapter poses a unique question: How does Gaiman's writing construct images in moments where no visuals are presented?An analysis of Gaiman's most recent nonfiction collection, The View From the ... More

The chapter poses a unique question: How does Gaiman's writing construct images in moments where no visuals are presented?An analysis of Gaiman's most recent nonfiction collection, The View From the Cheap Seats, it takes as its starting point the notion of situatednessvis-à-vis points of view, contending that it is precisely Gaiman's disarming "view from the nosebleed section" that allows him to make his incisive, meaningful interventions into the world outside his writing through his writing: activism by any other measure. The visual inflections in Prescott's reading of View are metaphorical as it examines the concepts of sight and blindness, position and disposition, visibility and invisibility. However, as Prescott reminds us, Gaiman's work, fictional and nonfictional, is intently focused on the project of "seeing further by building doors instead of walls."Less

Community Orders and the Mental Health Court pilot: a service user perspective of what constitutes a quality, effective intervention

Jane Winstone and Francis Pakes

in Risk and rehabilitation: Management and treatment of substance misuse and mental health problems in the criminal justice system

The authors examined a recent pilot of Mental Health Courts in Stratford and Brighton, to explore service-user views of arrangements for offenders with mental health needs who are sentenced ... More

The authors examined a recent pilot of Mental Health Courts in Stratford and Brighton, to explore service-user views of arrangements for offenders with mental health needs who are sentenced differently ie with a MHTR. The interviews reveal ways in which tailored provision that meets the complex needs of the offenders could augment the legitimacy of the professional role with the Court sentence. This research investigates emerging ideas that could inform developments within the practice.Less

Temporal Perspective: Narrative Futurity and the Distribution of Knowledge

Mark Currie

in The Unexpected: Narrative Temporality and the Philosophy of Surprise

This chapter continues the argument about the systematic suppression of futurity in narrative theory by looking at phenomenological approaches to the reading process. It focuses on the work of Roman ... More

This chapter continues the argument about the systematic suppression of futurity in narrative theory by looking at phenomenological approaches to the reading process. It focuses on the work of Roman Ingarden and the concept of temporal perspective, and introduces the key distinction between the cognition of the work of art during reading and the cognition of the work of art after reading. This distinction serves as the basis of a more general argument that the question of surprise can only be properly understood in relation to the question of the distribution of information and knowledge as controlled by narrative perspective, and so tries to answer a call, from cognitive narratology, for e rethinking of focalization in narrative.Less

The Governance of Religious Diversity in the Public Space: Indonesia in Comparative Perspective

Alfred Stepan

in The Problem of Religious Diversity: European Challenges, Asian Approaches

This chapter investigates whether there should be more or less secularism in Indonesia and particularly, since religions can be neither wholly privatised nor allowed to dominate political life, what ... More

This chapter investigates whether there should be more or less secularism in Indonesia and particularly, since religions can be neither wholly privatised nor allowed to dominate political life, what are the best ways of accommodating it in a democratic society, in line with this volume’s overall focus. Indeed, it should be pointed out that Indonesia lived under a military dictatorship from 1965 till 1998 so the question needs to be addressed first by asking if Indonesia is a democracy now; and if it is, what types of accommodations about religion Indonesians have made and why. I come at these questions as a specialist in subjects such as authoritarian regimes, military governments, the breakdown of democracies, failed and successful democratic transitions, and recently the role of religion and politics. My writing is normally comparative, and has often been based on field research in Brazil, Chile, Spain, India, Sri Lanka, Tunisia, Senegal and Indonesia.Less

Stretching our “Antennae”: Converging Worlds of the Seen and the Unseen in “Kew Gardens”

Joyce E. Kelley

in Virginia Woolf: Writing the World

This essay focuses on an organizing principle in Virginia Woolf’s “Kew Gardens” that many critics miss: each couple highlights the worlds of the seen and the unseen by tapping into a presence not ... More

This essay focuses on an organizing principle in Virginia Woolf’s “Kew Gardens” that many critics miss: each couple highlights the worlds of the seen and the unseen by tapping into a presence not readily witnessed by normal vision. Standing near the flower-bed, at least one member of each couple has a moment of epiphany realized in the spiritual versus the material world before moving back into his or her usual routine.Less

Opening Remarks to the Jesuit Justice Conference, June 18, 2009

Rev. Jeffrey SJ Von Arx

in Transforming Ourselves, Transforming the World: Justice in Jesuit Higher Education

In this Chapter, the reader hears the challenges presented by Rev. Jeffrey von Arx, S. J. as he opened the conference at Fairfield University, “Transforming the World and Being Transformed.” ... More

In this Chapter, the reader hears the challenges presented by Rev. Jeffrey von Arx, S. J. as he opened the conference at Fairfield University, “Transforming the World and Being Transformed.” Initially, he prepared conferees in the spirit of the Jesuit tradition for the “Examination of Conscience”, and reflected on what has been accomplished since the first justice conference at Santa Clara. Then he called all to act upon three major issues. First, he dealt with the rising costs of higher education and how these costs deter talented students from entering colleges and universities. He believes that we must find ways to solve this problem. Second, he explained the need to shift to a “global perspective,” if we are to be in solidarity with the “gritty reality” of injustice. He stated that Catholic “solidarity” is the understanding that each of us is made in the image of God and each individual should be treated with dignity. Finally, he touched on the obligation we have as Jesuit educators to teach and encourage the Catholic Faith. He stated that the promotion of justice can not be split from our obligation to serve the Faith. The road we are called to follow requires the service of faith and the promotion of justice.Less

Policy analysis in the German-speaking countries: common traditions, different cultures, in Germany, Austria and Switzerland

Nils C. Bandelow, Fritz Sager, and Peter Biegelbauer

in Policy analysis in Germany

This chapter takes a comparative perspective of policy analysis in the German-speaking countries Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Policy analysis there does not only share common scientific and ... More

This chapter takes a comparative perspective of policy analysis in the German-speaking countries Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Policy analysis there does not only share common scientific and political traditions but there are also established common journals (e.g. German Policy Studies), regular joint conferences, and an extensive exchange of researchers. The language contributes to a common tradition and to the use of similar analytical frameworks and methods in the three countries. Quite often, the German-speaking countries only slowly adapt to Anglo-American theoretical lenses. German-speaking policy analysis has established some own variations of theoretical frameworks (like the Actor-centered Institutionalism). Nonetheless, each of the three countries has established substantial peculiarities that relate to the respective political and higher education environment. While policy analysis in Switzerland displays both an applied practice-oriented focus as well as an international orientation in terms of basic research, Austria has developed its own constructivist perspectives. Germany as the largest of the three German-speaking countries combines both perspectives.Less

The Chthonic Sublime

Patrick R. Crowley

in The Phantom Image: Seeing the Dead in Ancient Rome

This chapter examines the Underworld in relation to ancient notions of perspective and the sublime. It demonstrates how ancient attempts to conceptualize, depict, and even construct the spaces of the ... More

This chapter examines the Underworld in relation to ancient notions of perspective and the sublime. It demonstrates how ancient attempts to conceptualize, depict, and even construct the spaces of the Underworld, particularly in the cramped space of the tomb, were achieved by establishing the limits of the field of vision itself—limits that were constituted reflexively by their capacity to be exceeded or transgressed.Less

Conclusions: Competition across time

Brian MacWhinney

in Competing Motivations in Grammar and Usage

Like other biological systems, language emerges as a product of competing motivations that interact at the moment of speaking. These many different motivations are each linked to different timeframes ... More

Like other biological systems, language emerges as a product of competing motivations that interact at the moment of speaking. These many different motivations are each linked to different timeframes for neural processing, social usage, and consolidation. Functionalist accounts of language usage need to pay increased attention to the ways in which motivations are distributed across timeframes in order to understand how the meshing of motivations at the moment of speaking produces long‐term impacts on speakers and language communities. Adoption of this perspective provides us with ways of integrating the many insights presented in the chapters in the current volume.Less