Domietta Torlasco
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804758024
- eISBN:
- 9780804786775
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804758024.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Aesthetics
This book interrogates the relationship between time and vision as it emerges in five Italian films from the 1960s and 1970s: Antonioni's Blow-Up and The Passenger, Bertolucci's The Spider's ...
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This book interrogates the relationship between time and vision as it emerges in five Italian films from the 1960s and 1970s: Antonioni's Blow-Up and The Passenger, Bertolucci's The Spider's Stratagem, Cavani's The Night Porter, and Pasolini's Oedipus Rex. The center around which these films revolve is the image of the crime scene—the spatial and temporal configuration in which a crime is committed, witnessed, and investigated. By pushing the detective story to its extreme limits, they articulate forms of time that defy any clear-cut distinction between past, present, and future—presenting an uncertain temporality which can be made visible but not calculated, and challenging notions of visual mastery and social control. If the detective story proper begins with a death that has already taken place, the death which seems to count the most in these films is the one that is yet to occur—the investigator's own death. In a time of relentless anticipation, what appears in front of the investigator's eyes is not the past as it was, but the past as it will have been in relation to the time of his or her search.Less
This book interrogates the relationship between time and vision as it emerges in five Italian films from the 1960s and 1970s: Antonioni's Blow-Up and The Passenger, Bertolucci's The Spider's Stratagem, Cavani's The Night Porter, and Pasolini's Oedipus Rex. The center around which these films revolve is the image of the crime scene—the spatial and temporal configuration in which a crime is committed, witnessed, and investigated. By pushing the detective story to its extreme limits, they articulate forms of time that defy any clear-cut distinction between past, present, and future—presenting an uncertain temporality which can be made visible but not calculated, and challenging notions of visual mastery and social control. If the detective story proper begins with a death that has already taken place, the death which seems to count the most in these films is the one that is yet to occur—the investigator's own death. In a time of relentless anticipation, what appears in front of the investigator's eyes is not the past as it was, but the past as it will have been in relation to the time of his or her search.
Torsten Feys, Lewis R. Fischer, Stephane Hoste, and Stephen Vanfraechem (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780973893434
- eISBN:
- 9781786944610
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780973893434.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This study explores the connection between global maritime and migration networks to better understand the acceleration of the transatlantic migration rate that took place in the latter half of the ...
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This study explores the connection between global maritime and migration networks to better understand the acceleration of the transatlantic migration rate that took place in the latter half of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. It brings together the actions of migrants, government regulators, transatlantic shipping companies, and the agents who represented them to determine the motives and opportunities for transatlantic mass-migration. The study is comprised of an introductory chapter, seven essays by maritime scholars, and a conclusion. The subject is approached from three particular discussion points: the rate of development and the accessibility of transport networks for European migrants; the competition between shipping companies and the subsequent influence on migration; and the integration of labour markets in both Europe and America. It concludes by suggesting both maritime and migration historians should merge their respective fields by including the larger frameworks of each discipline to gain further understanding of their disciplines, and identifies the role of ports and shipping companies as crucial to any further study of mass migration.Less
This study explores the connection between global maritime and migration networks to better understand the acceleration of the transatlantic migration rate that took place in the latter half of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. It brings together the actions of migrants, government regulators, transatlantic shipping companies, and the agents who represented them to determine the motives and opportunities for transatlantic mass-migration. The study is comprised of an introductory chapter, seven essays by maritime scholars, and a conclusion. The subject is approached from three particular discussion points: the rate of development and the accessibility of transport networks for European migrants; the competition between shipping companies and the subsequent influence on migration; and the integration of labour markets in both Europe and America. It concludes by suggesting both maritime and migration historians should merge their respective fields by including the larger frameworks of each discipline to gain further understanding of their disciplines, and identifies the role of ports and shipping companies as crucial to any further study of mass migration.
Torsten Feys
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781927869000
- eISBN:
- 9781786944443
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781927869000.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This book approaches the well-documented study of European mass migration to the United States of America from the viewpoint of mass migration as a business venture. The overall purpose is to ...
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This book approaches the well-documented study of European mass migration to the United States of America from the viewpoint of mass migration as a business venture. The overall purpose is to demonstrate that maritime and migration histories are interlinked and dependent on a deeper understanding of the social, economic, and political factors at work in the nineteenth century Atlantic community. It centres on both the evolution of the port of Rotterdam as a migration gateway, and the crucial role of the Holland-America line as a regulator of the North American passenger trade. The first part of the book explores the simultaneous rise of transatlantic mass migration and long-distance steamshipping between 1830 to 1870. The second part, divided into five chapters, explores how mass migration became a big business between 1870 and 1914, and scrutinises how steamship companies organised and provided initiatives for transoceanic migration, plus the role of shipping agents and agent-networks, and how passenger services were constructed within transatlantic networks. Over the course of the text it becomes increasingly clear that by approaching mass migration as a trade issue, the role of steamship companies in the facilitation of transatlantic migration is rendered both intrinsic and pivotal. It consists of an introduction containing contextual information, two sections providing historical overviews, five chapters exploring different aspects of the shipping industry’s response to mass migration, conclusion, bibliography, and six appendices of passenger, destination, agent, and advertising statistics.Less
This book approaches the well-documented study of European mass migration to the United States of America from the viewpoint of mass migration as a business venture. The overall purpose is to demonstrate that maritime and migration histories are interlinked and dependent on a deeper understanding of the social, economic, and political factors at work in the nineteenth century Atlantic community. It centres on both the evolution of the port of Rotterdam as a migration gateway, and the crucial role of the Holland-America line as a regulator of the North American passenger trade. The first part of the book explores the simultaneous rise of transatlantic mass migration and long-distance steamshipping between 1830 to 1870. The second part, divided into five chapters, explores how mass migration became a big business between 1870 and 1914, and scrutinises how steamship companies organised and provided initiatives for transoceanic migration, plus the role of shipping agents and agent-networks, and how passenger services were constructed within transatlantic networks. Over the course of the text it becomes increasingly clear that by approaching mass migration as a trade issue, the role of steamship companies in the facilitation of transatlantic migration is rendered both intrinsic and pivotal. It consists of an introduction containing contextual information, two sections providing historical overviews, five chapters exploring different aspects of the shipping industry’s response to mass migration, conclusion, bibliography, and six appendices of passenger, destination, agent, and advertising statistics.
Lars U. Scholl
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780968128886
- eISBN:
- 9781786944764
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780968128886.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This chapter groups together passenger cargoes - the trade of slaves, emigrants, convicts, servants, and contract labourers - in order to determine the collective characteristics of their passage. ...
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This chapter groups together passenger cargoes - the trade of slaves, emigrants, convicts, servants, and contract labourers - in order to determine the collective characteristics of their passage. Williams examines a series of Passenger Acts, and the developing role the government undertook to ensure successful passenger cargoes. He determines that overcrowding, accommodation, dietary provisions, medical facilities, and the seaworthiness of vessels all became subject to government scrutiny and legislation. Williams’ most significant conclusion in this piece is the influence these measures and acts implemented at the start of the nineteenth century would have on the rights and welfare reforms for shipping employees at the end of it.Less
This chapter groups together passenger cargoes - the trade of slaves, emigrants, convicts, servants, and contract labourers - in order to determine the collective characteristics of their passage. Williams examines a series of Passenger Acts, and the developing role the government undertook to ensure successful passenger cargoes. He determines that overcrowding, accommodation, dietary provisions, medical facilities, and the seaworthiness of vessels all became subject to government scrutiny and legislation. Williams’ most significant conclusion in this piece is the influence these measures and acts implemented at the start of the nineteenth century would have on the rights and welfare reforms for shipping employees at the end of it.
Richard J. Orsi
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520200197
- eISBN:
- 9780520940864
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520200197.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter discusses the various promotional schemes of the Southern Pacific Company. It looks at the earliest organized promotional programs for the territories of the railroad, the first of which ...
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This chapter discusses the various promotional schemes of the Southern Pacific Company. It looks at the earliest organized promotional programs for the territories of the railroad, the first of which was the introduction of the slow emigrant cars, which were aimed at encouraging travel and settlement. The second was the sending of displays of Californian products to eastern and European fairs, which eventually became a permanent and productive feature of company policy. Finally, the third was the use of existing booster organizations to achieve the goals of the company of stimulating population and economic growth. The chapter then turns to the Immigration Plan of 1883 and the problems and scandals related to it, the takeover of the Passenger Department, and the traditional interpretation of the role of the Southern Pacific in the history of California and the West.Less
This chapter discusses the various promotional schemes of the Southern Pacific Company. It looks at the earliest organized promotional programs for the territories of the railroad, the first of which was the introduction of the slow emigrant cars, which were aimed at encouraging travel and settlement. The second was the sending of displays of Californian products to eastern and European fairs, which eventually became a permanent and productive feature of company policy. Finally, the third was the use of existing booster organizations to achieve the goals of the company of stimulating population and economic growth. The chapter then turns to the Immigration Plan of 1883 and the problems and scandals related to it, the takeover of the Passenger Department, and the traditional interpretation of the role of the Southern Pacific in the history of California and the West.
John Orr
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748640140
- eISBN:
- 9780748671090
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748640140.003.0007
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
The 1960s was the start of a new cinema in Britain, a neo-modern remake of 1920s modernism for the sound era: 1963 with the release of The Servant was as momentous as 1929, and the expatriate eye was ...
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The 1960s was the start of a new cinema in Britain, a neo-modern remake of 1920s modernism for the sound era: 1963 with the release of The Servant was as momentous as 1929, and the expatriate eye was an integral part of modernism's second wave, the aesthetic dominant in the rise of the British neo-modern an aesthetic which can be called the aesthetics of the parallax view. In general, the writing is native, and the fusion of expatriate eye and insider's text counts for so much — John and Penelope Mortimer with Otto Ludwig Preminger, Harold Pinter with Joseph Losey, Edward Bond and Mark Peploe with Michelangelo Antonioni, Anthony Burgess freely providing his brilliant novel for Stanley Kubrick, Martin Ritt and Sidney Lumet with Paul Dehn adapting John Le Carré. This chapter examines Joseph Losey's films The Servant and Accident; Michelangelo Antonioni's Blow-Up, The Passenger, and Profession: Reporter; Alain Resnais's Providence; and Chris Petit's Radio On.Less
The 1960s was the start of a new cinema in Britain, a neo-modern remake of 1920s modernism for the sound era: 1963 with the release of The Servant was as momentous as 1929, and the expatriate eye was an integral part of modernism's second wave, the aesthetic dominant in the rise of the British neo-modern an aesthetic which can be called the aesthetics of the parallax view. In general, the writing is native, and the fusion of expatriate eye and insider's text counts for so much — John and Penelope Mortimer with Otto Ludwig Preminger, Harold Pinter with Joseph Losey, Edward Bond and Mark Peploe with Michelangelo Antonioni, Anthony Burgess freely providing his brilliant novel for Stanley Kubrick, Martin Ritt and Sidney Lumet with Paul Dehn adapting John Le Carré. This chapter examines Joseph Losey's films The Servant and Accident; Michelangelo Antonioni's Blow-Up, The Passenger, and Profession: Reporter; Alain Resnais's Providence; and Chris Petit's Radio On.
Violeta Moreno-Lax
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198701002
- eISBN:
- 9780191770517
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198701002.003.0005
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
Member States started adopting carrier liability regulations from the mid-1980s, seemingly as a direct response to increasing numbers of asylum requests, with immigration liaison officer (ILO) ...
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Member States started adopting carrier liability regulations from the mid-1980s, seemingly as a direct response to increasing numbers of asylum requests, with immigration liaison officer (ILO) schemes proliferating afterwards. Techniques of ‘remote control’ have now been communautarised, providing an additional layer of control. Both carriers and ILOs have privileged access to migrants bound to the EU already at the pre-entry phase. Making them responsible for the anticipated enforcement of visas has the potential to block lines of regular (and safe) access to those in need of international protection. This chapter is concerned with these developments. It analyses carrier sanctions and ILOs legislation, comparing the EU regime with its international counterparts. The review encompasses the pre- and post-Schengen periods as well as recent innovations concerning the automated treatment and transfer of advance passenger information (API) and the creation of ‘Frontex liaison officers’. The impact of carrier sanctions and ILO activities on refugee flows is scrutinized at the end, pointing at a structural incompatibility of advance border enforcement, through a model of ‘imperfect delegation’/’hidden coercion’, with basic guarantees against denial of entry.Less
Member States started adopting carrier liability regulations from the mid-1980s, seemingly as a direct response to increasing numbers of asylum requests, with immigration liaison officer (ILO) schemes proliferating afterwards. Techniques of ‘remote control’ have now been communautarised, providing an additional layer of control. Both carriers and ILOs have privileged access to migrants bound to the EU already at the pre-entry phase. Making them responsible for the anticipated enforcement of visas has the potential to block lines of regular (and safe) access to those in need of international protection. This chapter is concerned with these developments. It analyses carrier sanctions and ILOs legislation, comparing the EU regime with its international counterparts. The review encompasses the pre- and post-Schengen periods as well as recent innovations concerning the automated treatment and transfer of advance passenger information (API) and the creation of ‘Frontex liaison officers’. The impact of carrier sanctions and ILO activities on refugee flows is scrutinized at the end, pointing at a structural incompatibility of advance border enforcement, through a model of ‘imperfect delegation’/’hidden coercion’, with basic guarantees against denial of entry.
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804758024
- eISBN:
- 9780804786775
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804758024.003.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Aesthetics
This introductory chapter discusses the theme of this volume which is about crime in Italian films in the early 1960s and late 1970s. It explores the phenomenology and provides a psychoanalysis of ...
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This introductory chapter discusses the theme of this volume which is about crime in Italian films in the early 1960s and late 1970s. It explores the phenomenology and provides a psychoanalysis of the films Blow-Up and The Passenger directed by Michelangelo Antonioni, The Night Porter directed by Liliana Cavani, Oedipus Rex directed by Pier Paolo Pasolini and The Spider's Stratagem directed by Bernardo Bertolucci. These films revolve around the image of the crime scene and present a crime to be “seen” in the folds of the landscape as well as on the faces of people and things. This volume discusses the vicissitudes of cinematic vision through an intermingling of media and proposes a writing of spectatorship that attempts to retrace the patterns and rhythms through which each film says or shows that something “will have been.”Less
This introductory chapter discusses the theme of this volume which is about crime in Italian films in the early 1960s and late 1970s. It explores the phenomenology and provides a psychoanalysis of the films Blow-Up and The Passenger directed by Michelangelo Antonioni, The Night Porter directed by Liliana Cavani, Oedipus Rex directed by Pier Paolo Pasolini and The Spider's Stratagem directed by Bernardo Bertolucci. These films revolve around the image of the crime scene and present a crime to be “seen” in the folds of the landscape as well as on the faces of people and things. This volume discusses the vicissitudes of cinematic vision through an intermingling of media and proposes a writing of spectatorship that attempts to retrace the patterns and rhythms through which each film says or shows that something “will have been.”
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804758024
- eISBN:
- 9780804786775
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804758024.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Aesthetics
This chapter examines the depiction of the crime scene in Michelangelo Antonioni's films Blow-Up and The Passenger. It explains that the subversive use of perspective in these films lead the ...
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This chapter examines the depiction of the crime scene in Michelangelo Antonioni's films Blow-Up and The Passenger. It explains that the subversive use of perspective in these films lead the spectators to see death not as a fact but as a possibility and that the crime scene in both films is organized according to the rules of perspective. This chapter also argues that Antonioni's spatial arrangements coincide with forms of convoluted time, configuration where the present cannot be isolated from the past and the future and where death cannot be relegated to a single temporal dimension.Less
This chapter examines the depiction of the crime scene in Michelangelo Antonioni's films Blow-Up and The Passenger. It explains that the subversive use of perspective in these films lead the spectators to see death not as a fact but as a possibility and that the crime scene in both films is organized according to the rules of perspective. This chapter also argues that Antonioni's spatial arrangements coincide with forms of convoluted time, configuration where the present cannot be isolated from the past and the future and where death cannot be relegated to a single temporal dimension.
Elizabeth Sinn
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9789888139712
- eISBN:
- 9789888180172
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888139712.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
Hong Kong assumed a new identity as a safe and free embarkation port when thousands of Chinese emigrants began pouring through it for Gold Mountain, and thrived. This significantly distinguished it ...
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Hong Kong assumed a new identity as a safe and free embarkation port when thousands of Chinese emigrants began pouring through it for Gold Mountain, and thrived. This significantly distinguished it from ports for coerced migration, often called the “coolie trade”. Its popularity among free emigrants exiting and returning to China was maintained long after the gold rush as Chinese continued going to California to work on the railroads and other occupations, and through San Francisco to other parts of the North America. Besides the legal structure, other elements in Hong Kong society, including Chinese-language newspapers and Chinese organizations –– especially the Tung Wah Hospital –– brought security and comfort to emigrants. The chapter also offers rare descriptions of passenger experienceLess
Hong Kong assumed a new identity as a safe and free embarkation port when thousands of Chinese emigrants began pouring through it for Gold Mountain, and thrived. This significantly distinguished it from ports for coerced migration, often called the “coolie trade”. Its popularity among free emigrants exiting and returning to China was maintained long after the gold rush as Chinese continued going to California to work on the railroads and other occupations, and through San Francisco to other parts of the North America. Besides the legal structure, other elements in Hong Kong society, including Chinese-language newspapers and Chinese organizations –– especially the Tung Wah Hospital –– brought security and comfort to emigrants. The chapter also offers rare descriptions of passenger experience
Lars U. Scholl
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780968128886
- eISBN:
- 9781786944764
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780968128886.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This final chapter is divided into three sections. The first concerns the skills of maritime labourers; the second addresses the alleged shortages of seamen; and the third is the contemporary ...
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This final chapter is divided into three sections. The first concerns the skills of maritime labourers; the second addresses the alleged shortages of seamen; and the third is the contemporary perception of and responses to these concerns. Williams examines public concerns over perceived lack of maritime employment in relation to nostalgia, and a pervasive, romanticised view of sailing and sailing culture. Williams finds, and concludes, that nostalgia for traditional sailing, yearning for a glorified British Empire, and an emotional public mindset, made little impression on the economic progress made during the age of steam, expansion, and technological development.Less
This final chapter is divided into three sections. The first concerns the skills of maritime labourers; the second addresses the alleged shortages of seamen; and the third is the contemporary perception of and responses to these concerns. Williams examines public concerns over perceived lack of maritime employment in relation to nostalgia, and a pervasive, romanticised view of sailing and sailing culture. Williams finds, and concludes, that nostalgia for traditional sailing, yearning for a glorified British Empire, and an emotional public mindset, made little impression on the economic progress made during the age of steam, expansion, and technological development.
Nicholas J. Evans
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780973893434
- eISBN:
- 9781786944610
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780973893434.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This chapter examines how Britain profited from the foreign component of the passenger trade through the employment of foreign-born agents in the development of British business ventures. It ...
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This chapter examines how Britain profited from the foreign component of the passenger trade through the employment of foreign-born agents in the development of British business ventures. It considers the role of commercial agents, translators, and lodging-house keepers on land, and merchant marines, Lascar seamen, and various maritime crew at sea, in effort to determine how pivotal foreign-born labour was to the British shipping industry. It argues that without the aid of foreign-born agents, British shipping companies would have lost their competitive international advantage fairly quickly. By analysing the British emigration market over the course of the nineteenth century; the activity of British ports; and actions of British shipping companies including Cunard and White Star, it concludes that foreign agents ensured that the revolution in transoceanic passenger shipping flowed through British companies, rectifying the historical assumption that foreign agents took advantage of the British market.Less
This chapter examines how Britain profited from the foreign component of the passenger trade through the employment of foreign-born agents in the development of British business ventures. It considers the role of commercial agents, translators, and lodging-house keepers on land, and merchant marines, Lascar seamen, and various maritime crew at sea, in effort to determine how pivotal foreign-born labour was to the British shipping industry. It argues that without the aid of foreign-born agents, British shipping companies would have lost their competitive international advantage fairly quickly. By analysing the British emigration market over the course of the nineteenth century; the activity of British ports; and actions of British shipping companies including Cunard and White Star, it concludes that foreign agents ensured that the revolution in transoceanic passenger shipping flowed through British companies, rectifying the historical assumption that foreign agents took advantage of the British market.
Drew Keeling
Torsten Feys, Lewis R. Fischer, Stéphane Hoste, Stephan Vanfraechem, Torsten Feys, Lewis R. Fischer, Stéphane Hoste, Stephan Vanfraechem, Torsten Feys, Lewis R. Fischer, Stéphane Hoste, Stephan Vanfraechem, Torsten Feys, Lewis R. Fischer, Stéphane Hoste, Stephan Vanfraechem, Torsten Feys, Lewis R. Fischer, Stéphane Hoste, Stephan Vanfraechem, Torsten Feys, Lewis R. Fischer, Stéphane Hoste, Stephan Vanfraechem, Torsten Feys, Lewis R. Fischer, Stéphane Hoste, Stephan Vanfraechem, Torsten Feys, Lewis R. Fischer, Stéphane Hoste, Stephan Vanfraechem, Torsten Feys, Lewis R. Fischer, Stéphane Hoste, Stephan Vanfraechem, Torsten Feys, Lewis R. Fischer, Stéphane Hoste, Stephan Vanfraechem, Torsten Feys, Lewis R. Fischer, Stéphane Hoste, Stephan Vanfraechem, Torsten Feys, Lewis R. Fischer, Stéphane Hoste, Stephan Vanfraechem, Torsten Feys, Lewis R. Fischer, Stéphane Hoste, and Stephan Vanfraechem (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780973893434
- eISBN:
- 9781786944610
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780973893434.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This essays explores the peak period of voluntary mass migration between Europe and the United States - 1900 to 1914. It focuses on the four major networks that enabled migration in such high ...
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This essays explores the peak period of voluntary mass migration between Europe and the United States - 1900 to 1914. It focuses on the four major networks that enabled migration in such high numbers: kinship and community; steamship agents; steamship conferences; and government regulatory bodies. It analyses the push and pull factors of mass migration; the business risks plaguing passenger cargo over freight cargo; the US political responses to mass migration; the cost of migration; and the approaches to risk management in migration networks. It concludes by claiming that the well-documented risk-mitigating networks during the ‘Great Migration’ offers insights into the migration networks of the early twenty-first century and provides possible solutions for coping with the contemporary risks of globalisation.Less
This essays explores the peak period of voluntary mass migration between Europe and the United States - 1900 to 1914. It focuses on the four major networks that enabled migration in such high numbers: kinship and community; steamship agents; steamship conferences; and government regulatory bodies. It analyses the push and pull factors of mass migration; the business risks plaguing passenger cargo over freight cargo; the US political responses to mass migration; the cost of migration; and the approaches to risk management in migration networks. It concludes by claiming that the well-documented risk-mitigating networks during the ‘Great Migration’ offers insights into the migration networks of the early twenty-first century and provides possible solutions for coping with the contemporary risks of globalisation.
David M. Williams and Andrew P. White
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780969588504
- eISBN:
- 9781786944931
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780969588504.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
A bibliography of post-graduate theses concerning Passenger Trades, with particular emphasis on the Slave Trade; Emigration across Countries; the Transportation of Convicts; Indentured Labour and ...
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A bibliography of post-graduate theses concerning Passenger Trades, with particular emphasis on the Slave Trade; Emigration across Countries; the Transportation of Convicts; Indentured Labour and ‘Coolie’ Trades.Less
A bibliography of post-graduate theses concerning Passenger Trades, with particular emphasis on the Slave Trade; Emigration across Countries; the Transportation of Convicts; Indentured Labour and ‘Coolie’ Trades.
Vassilis Kardasis
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780968128848
- eISBN:
- 9781786944801
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780968128848.003.0013
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This chapter studies the career of Demetrios Moraitis, a successful Greek shipowner who established the Transoceanic Greek Steam Navigation Company, and brought Greek shipping into the passenger ...
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This chapter studies the career of Demetrios Moraitis, a successful Greek shipowner who established the Transoceanic Greek Steam Navigation Company, and brought Greek shipping into the passenger shipping business in 1907 by emulating the passenger steamer technology and methodology of European neighbours. The chapter focuses his fundraising tactics, his risk-taking, and the obstacles present in his attempt order to bypass the traditional Greek shipowning business in favour of transatlantic trade, and concludes by asserting that his career had a strong effect on the direction of the Greek shipping industryLess
This chapter studies the career of Demetrios Moraitis, a successful Greek shipowner who established the Transoceanic Greek Steam Navigation Company, and brought Greek shipping into the passenger shipping business in 1907 by emulating the passenger steamer technology and methodology of European neighbours. The chapter focuses his fundraising tactics, his risk-taking, and the obstacles present in his attempt order to bypass the traditional Greek shipowning business in favour of transatlantic trade, and concludes by asserting that his career had a strong effect on the direction of the Greek shipping industry
Lon Kurashige
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781469629438
- eISBN:
- 9781469629452
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469629438.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
This chapter examines the first policy to restrict Chinese immigration to the United States by tracing its background in broad political transformations during the Gilded Age, including the end of ...
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This chapter examines the first policy to restrict Chinese immigration to the United States by tracing its background in broad political transformations during the Gilded Age, including the end of Reconstruction, rapid industrialization, and swings in the business cycle. It provides a close analysis of congressional voting patterns during two Congresses that approved bills to restrict Chinese labor immigrants, the first (passed in 1879) was vetoed by the president, while the second (passed in 1882) became the law of the land. The debate over both policies revealed the polarization of views in Congress and the broader society about the Chinese. The return of the Democrats to power and the Midwestern revolt against big businesses (often identified with the Republicans) combined with racial prejudice to win support for the restriction of Chinese workers.Less
This chapter examines the first policy to restrict Chinese immigration to the United States by tracing its background in broad political transformations during the Gilded Age, including the end of Reconstruction, rapid industrialization, and swings in the business cycle. It provides a close analysis of congressional voting patterns during two Congresses that approved bills to restrict Chinese labor immigrants, the first (passed in 1879) was vetoed by the president, while the second (passed in 1882) became the law of the land. The debate over both policies revealed the polarization of views in Congress and the broader society about the Chinese. The return of the Democrats to power and the Midwestern revolt against big businesses (often identified with the Republicans) combined with racial prejudice to win support for the restriction of Chinese workers.
Gordon Boyce
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780986497391
- eISBN:
- 9781786944450
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780986497391.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This chapter explores the response the Furness Group’s response to J. P Morgan’s acquisition and combination of five major transatlantic passenger lines, including the enormous White Star Line, into ...
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This chapter explores the response the Furness Group’s response to J. P Morgan’s acquisition and combination of five major transatlantic passenger lines, including the enormous White Star Line, into a single American based holding company - International Mercantile Marine (IMM). It uses Furness Group records to analyse Furness’ response, which was the intent to create a rival enterprise, and contrasts this with the response of a smaller, Liverpool-based shipowner. It then aims to fill the gaps of previous IMM studies by exploring route-allocation agreements across shipping firms; rail-borne cargo contracts; the position of smaller transatlantic operators; the impact of the merger on American ports; and the emergence of the transatlantic Canadian Pacific Railroad as another powerful competitor. It concludes by asserting that Furness’ plan to create a rival enterprise failed due to a combination of financial overambition, unpopular imperialistic intentions with regard to trade routes, the aggressiveness of the proposal and its failure to gain government support, and ill-will between Furness and his shipowning contemporaries.Less
This chapter explores the response the Furness Group’s response to J. P Morgan’s acquisition and combination of five major transatlantic passenger lines, including the enormous White Star Line, into a single American based holding company - International Mercantile Marine (IMM). It uses Furness Group records to analyse Furness’ response, which was the intent to create a rival enterprise, and contrasts this with the response of a smaller, Liverpool-based shipowner. It then aims to fill the gaps of previous IMM studies by exploring route-allocation agreements across shipping firms; rail-borne cargo contracts; the position of smaller transatlantic operators; the impact of the merger on American ports; and the emergence of the transatlantic Canadian Pacific Railroad as another powerful competitor. It concludes by asserting that Furness’ plan to create a rival enterprise failed due to a combination of financial overambition, unpopular imperialistic intentions with regard to trade routes, the aggressiveness of the proposal and its failure to gain government support, and ill-will between Furness and his shipowning contemporaries.
Torsten Feys
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781927869000
- eISBN:
- 9781786944443
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781927869000.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This chapter explores the relationship between the transatlantic migration movement and passenger shipping conferences. By analysing records from the New York Continental Conference, which regulated ...
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This chapter explores the relationship between the transatlantic migration movement and passenger shipping conferences. By analysing records from the New York Continental Conference, which regulated prepaid and return business, it reconstructs the price brackets for major shipping firms in the final quarter of the nineteenth century. It also reveals how conferences attempted to neutralise internal and external competition. Analysis of the head agent’s correspondence offers a view of the organisation of passenger business that proves particularly insightful due to a scarcity of other contemporary sources.Less
This chapter explores the relationship between the transatlantic migration movement and passenger shipping conferences. By analysing records from the New York Continental Conference, which regulated prepaid and return business, it reconstructs the price brackets for major shipping firms in the final quarter of the nineteenth century. It also reveals how conferences attempted to neutralise internal and external competition. Analysis of the head agent’s correspondence offers a view of the organisation of passenger business that proves particularly insightful due to a scarcity of other contemporary sources.
John Armstrong
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780986497308
- eISBN:
- 9781786944542
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780986497308.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This chapter attempts to fill in some of the gaps in data in the history of the British coastal liner trade from the beginning of the twentieth century up to the outbreak of the First World War. It ...
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This chapter attempts to fill in some of the gaps in data in the history of the British coastal liner trade from the beginning of the twentieth century up to the outbreak of the First World War. It explores the various vessels and cargo within the trade; estimates the volume of work performed by coastal liners; and seeks to determine the capacity and frequency of routes used. It provides figures that correlate with previous studies, and suggests in conclusion that the coastal liner trade was made up of three sectors - liner, coal, and the miscellaneous remainder - all of which thrived in Britain during this period.Less
This chapter attempts to fill in some of the gaps in data in the history of the British coastal liner trade from the beginning of the twentieth century up to the outbreak of the First World War. It explores the various vessels and cargo within the trade; estimates the volume of work performed by coastal liners; and seeks to determine the capacity and frequency of routes used. It provides figures that correlate with previous studies, and suggests in conclusion that the coastal liner trade was made up of three sectors - liner, coal, and the miscellaneous remainder - all of which thrived in Britain during this period.
Sue Leaf
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816675647
- eISBN:
- 9781452947457
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816675647.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This chapter looks into the life of Thomas Sadler Roberts as he began his medical career. At the same time he had to be a dutiful son to an ailing father, and a good husband, and father. Following ...
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This chapter looks into the life of Thomas Sadler Roberts as he began his medical career. At the same time he had to be a dutiful son to an ailing father, and a good husband, and father. Following his graduation from the University of Pennsylvania in 1885, Roberts returned briefly to Minneapolis to see his parents and to propose to Jennie Cleveland. After a period of residency, he returned in 1886 where he got married and was able to buy a home. That space would also serve as his office. Soon after, Roberts became a father to three children, Thomas Cleveland, Catharine Lyon, and John Carroll. Adjacent to changes in Roberts’ life, Minnesota was experiencing changes of its own brought by rapid modernization and urbanization, which Roberts noted in his journal, severely affected the wildlife. One notable example was when he discovered that the last Passenger Pigeon was recorded in 1895.Less
This chapter looks into the life of Thomas Sadler Roberts as he began his medical career. At the same time he had to be a dutiful son to an ailing father, and a good husband, and father. Following his graduation from the University of Pennsylvania in 1885, Roberts returned briefly to Minneapolis to see his parents and to propose to Jennie Cleveland. After a period of residency, he returned in 1886 where he got married and was able to buy a home. That space would also serve as his office. Soon after, Roberts became a father to three children, Thomas Cleveland, Catharine Lyon, and John Carroll. Adjacent to changes in Roberts’ life, Minnesota was experiencing changes of its own brought by rapid modernization and urbanization, which Roberts noted in his journal, severely affected the wildlife. One notable example was when he discovered that the last Passenger Pigeon was recorded in 1895.
