B. R. Nanda
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195633634
- eISBN:
- 9780199081332
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195633634.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Indian History
Mahatma Gandhi had been enmeshed in controversies ever since he plunged into the racial politics of Natal until he was assassinated fifty-four years later. He had to contend with the suspicious eyes ...
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Mahatma Gandhi had been enmeshed in controversies ever since he plunged into the racial politics of Natal until he was assassinated fifty-four years later. He had to contend with the suspicious eyes of the British, and also with discontent within the Congress Party. He infuriated orthodox Hindus for denouncing caste exclusiveness and untouchability and for advocating secular politics. He narrowly escaped a bomb attack in Poona in 1934, but fell victim to the bullets of a Poona Brahmin who accused him of betraying the Hindu cause fourteen years later. Curiously enough, for years protagonists of Pakistan had branded Gandhi as the leading enemy of Islam. This book chronicles the important events in the life of Gandhi. It looks at his views about India’s caste system, racialism in South Africa, the Amritsar massacre of 1919, British imperialism, and religion and politics and man versus machine. It also tackles his role in ending the rule of the British empire, his relationship with the Raj, his role in the Partition of India, his reaction to the Partition massacres in August-September 1947, and his adherence to non-violence.Less
Mahatma Gandhi had been enmeshed in controversies ever since he plunged into the racial politics of Natal until he was assassinated fifty-four years later. He had to contend with the suspicious eyes of the British, and also with discontent within the Congress Party. He infuriated orthodox Hindus for denouncing caste exclusiveness and untouchability and for advocating secular politics. He narrowly escaped a bomb attack in Poona in 1934, but fell victim to the bullets of a Poona Brahmin who accused him of betraying the Hindu cause fourteen years later. Curiously enough, for years protagonists of Pakistan had branded Gandhi as the leading enemy of Islam. This book chronicles the important events in the life of Gandhi. It looks at his views about India’s caste system, racialism in South Africa, the Amritsar massacre of 1919, British imperialism, and religion and politics and man versus machine. It also tackles his role in ending the rule of the British empire, his relationship with the Raj, his role in the Partition of India, his reaction to the Partition massacres in August-September 1947, and his adherence to non-violence.
A.G. Noorani (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195670561
- eISBN:
- 9780199080618
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195670561.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Indian History
This book presents important documents recording the reactions of Muslims in the aftermath of the Independence and Partition of India, and in the subsequent fifty years. Besides key political ...
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This book presents important documents recording the reactions of Muslims in the aftermath of the Independence and Partition of India, and in the subsequent fifty years. Besides key political developments, documents on topics such as Hindu revivalism and Muslim responses, the Babri Masjid question, the Supreme Court’s ruling on the Shah Bano case, Rajiv Gandhi’s discussions with Muslim leaders and the issue of personal laws, provide insights into Muslim participation in post-Independence polity and society. This book will interest scholars and students of modern Indian history and politics, journalists, and general readers.Less
This book presents important documents recording the reactions of Muslims in the aftermath of the Independence and Partition of India, and in the subsequent fifty years. Besides key political developments, documents on topics such as Hindu revivalism and Muslim responses, the Babri Masjid question, the Supreme Court’s ruling on the Shah Bano case, Rajiv Gandhi’s discussions with Muslim leaders and the issue of personal laws, provide insights into Muslim participation in post-Independence polity and society. This book will interest scholars and students of modern Indian history and politics, journalists, and general readers.
Vijayalakshmi Balakrishnan
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198071266
- eISBN:
- 9780199080779
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198071266.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This book aims to expand our understanding of the role of institutions, norms, and key players in shaping the evolution of child rights in India. It traces the evolution of the child rights discourse ...
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This book aims to expand our understanding of the role of institutions, norms, and key players in shaping the evolution of child rights in India. It traces the evolution of the child rights discourse in post-Independence India, suggesting that there are different and political ways of thinking about childhoods. Divided into three parts, the book begins with analyses of the effects of Partition, which while creating new political and cultural identities framed the child-State relationship. The second part further examines the ways in which the multiplicity of discourses during the nationalist struggle gave way to a singular view, seen in later public conversations on children and their rights. The third part explores the narratives of continuity and change, and maps the departures of memory, history, and identity. The book emphasizes the point that more than any other event or process, the violence and fears aroused by Partition have influenced the course of modern child development related policy-making. The relationship between the political and cultural identities of all the actors, who influenced the experience of childhoods, had also been deeply affected by these events.Less
This book aims to expand our understanding of the role of institutions, norms, and key players in shaping the evolution of child rights in India. It traces the evolution of the child rights discourse in post-Independence India, suggesting that there are different and political ways of thinking about childhoods. Divided into three parts, the book begins with analyses of the effects of Partition, which while creating new political and cultural identities framed the child-State relationship. The second part further examines the ways in which the multiplicity of discourses during the nationalist struggle gave way to a singular view, seen in later public conversations on children and their rights. The third part explores the narratives of continuity and change, and maps the departures of memory, history, and identity. The book emphasizes the point that more than any other event or process, the violence and fears aroused by Partition have influenced the course of modern child development related policy-making. The relationship between the political and cultural identities of all the actors, who influenced the experience of childhoods, had also been deeply affected by these events.
Stanley Wolpert
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520266773
- eISBN:
- 9780520925755
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520266773.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
Beginning in 1947, when “India and Pakistan were born to conflict,” this book provides a primer on what is potentially the world's most dangerous crisis. It distills sixty-three years of complex ...
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Beginning in 1947, when “India and Pakistan were born to conflict,” this book provides a primer on what is potentially the world's most dangerous crisis. It distills sixty-three years of complex history, tracing the roots of the relationship between these two antagonists, explaining the many attempts to resolve their disputes, and assessing the dominant political leaders. While the tragic Partition left many urgent problems, none has been more difficult than the problem over Kashmir, claimed by both India and Pakistan. This intensely divisive issue has triggered two conventional wars, killed some 100,000 Kashmiris, and almost ignited two nuclear wars since 1998, when both India and Pakistan openly emerged as nuclear-weapon states. In addition to providing a comprehensive perspective on the origin and nature of this urgent conflict, the book examines all the proposed solutions and concludes with a road map for a brighter future for South Asia.Less
Beginning in 1947, when “India and Pakistan were born to conflict,” this book provides a primer on what is potentially the world's most dangerous crisis. It distills sixty-three years of complex history, tracing the roots of the relationship between these two antagonists, explaining the many attempts to resolve their disputes, and assessing the dominant political leaders. While the tragic Partition left many urgent problems, none has been more difficult than the problem over Kashmir, claimed by both India and Pakistan. This intensely divisive issue has triggered two conventional wars, killed some 100,000 Kashmiris, and almost ignited two nuclear wars since 1998, when both India and Pakistan openly emerged as nuclear-weapon states. In addition to providing a comprehensive perspective on the origin and nature of this urgent conflict, the book examines all the proposed solutions and concludes with a road map for a brighter future for South Asia.
Jerome Murphy‐O'Connor
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199592104
- eISBN:
- 9780191595608
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199592104.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies, Early Christian Studies
A break between these two verses is fundamental to all partition theories of 2 Cor. In fact there is a smooth and natural connection, once it is recognized that Paul's mention of his success at Troas ...
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A break between these two verses is fundamental to all partition theories of 2 Cor. In fact there is a smooth and natural connection, once it is recognized that Paul's mention of his success at Troas triggered a memory of the apostolic impact of the Macedonian churches (1 Thess 1:6‐8; Phil 2:14‐16), which evolved into a development on the nature of authentic apostolate.Less
A break between these two verses is fundamental to all partition theories of 2 Cor. In fact there is a smooth and natural connection, once it is recognized that Paul's mention of his success at Troas triggered a memory of the apostolic impact of the Macedonian churches (1 Thess 1:6‐8; Phil 2:14‐16), which evolved into a development on the nature of authentic apostolate.
Christopher Harding
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199548224
- eISBN:
- 9780191720697
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199548224.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Asian History, History of Religion
This chapter offers a brief postscript dealing with the effect of Partition upon the new Capuchin and CMS Christian communities of Punjab. This is followed by a summary and discussion of the book's ...
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This chapter offers a brief postscript dealing with the effect of Partition upon the new Capuchin and CMS Christian communities of Punjab. This is followed by a summary and discussion of the book's findings.Less
This chapter offers a brief postscript dealing with the effect of Partition upon the new Capuchin and CMS Christian communities of Punjab. This is followed by a summary and discussion of the book's findings.
Anna Bigelow
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195368239
- eISBN:
- 9780199867622
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195368239.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Sacred and civic spaces in religiously plural communities are peacefully shared all the time, yet we rarely hear about such places. This book is a finely grained study of Malerkotla, an Indian town ...
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Sacred and civic spaces in religiously plural communities are peacefully shared all the time, yet we rarely hear about such places. This book is a finely grained study of Malerkotla, an Indian town where Muslim, Sikh, and Hindu have coexisted for centuries and attended the same sacred site: the tomb shrine of the Sufi saint who founded the settlement. Situated in Punjab, the region most severely affected by the violence of India’s partition and independence, the town of Malerkotla illuminates the microstrategies of accommodation that make overall congenial interreligious relations possible. This study highlights the roles of shared sacred sites, social spaces, and collective memories in grounding the experiences of residents and visitors and forging a shared vision of Malerkotla as a zone of peace and as an idealized example of Indian secularism. It emerges that peace is a process requiring a great deal of work. This book explores how local explanations for the harmony of Malerkotla provide windows into the daily practice of congenial group life in a diverse community. Through these windows we see how the stories Malerkotlans tell themselves and those that others tell about Malerkotla combine to generate an explanatory web that both makes sense of the anomalous peace during Partition and provides a basis for continuing community engagement and interreligious harmony. Malerkotla thus becomes an object lesson in how a complex multireligious society is imagined, produced, and perpetuated.Less
Sacred and civic spaces in religiously plural communities are peacefully shared all the time, yet we rarely hear about such places. This book is a finely grained study of Malerkotla, an Indian town where Muslim, Sikh, and Hindu have coexisted for centuries and attended the same sacred site: the tomb shrine of the Sufi saint who founded the settlement. Situated in Punjab, the region most severely affected by the violence of India’s partition and independence, the town of Malerkotla illuminates the microstrategies of accommodation that make overall congenial interreligious relations possible. This study highlights the roles of shared sacred sites, social spaces, and collective memories in grounding the experiences of residents and visitors and forging a shared vision of Malerkotla as a zone of peace and as an idealized example of Indian secularism. It emerges that peace is a process requiring a great deal of work. This book explores how local explanations for the harmony of Malerkotla provide windows into the daily practice of congenial group life in a diverse community. Through these windows we see how the stories Malerkotlans tell themselves and those that others tell about Malerkotla combine to generate an explanatory web that both makes sense of the anomalous peace during Partition and provides a basis for continuing community engagement and interreligious harmony. Malerkotla thus becomes an object lesson in how a complex multireligious society is imagined, produced, and perpetuated.
Stanley Wolpert
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520266773
- eISBN:
- 9780520925755
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520266773.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
The only way in which India and Pakistan have remained virtually unchanged after sixty-three years is in their persistent conflict over the state of Jammu and Kashmir, the final tragic legacy of ...
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The only way in which India and Pakistan have remained virtually unchanged after sixty-three years is in their persistent conflict over the state of Jammu and Kashmir, the final tragic legacy of British India's 1947 Partition. More than ten million terrified Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs fled their ancestral homes that August, one million of whom died before reaching safe havens. In May 1998, India and Pakistan each successfully exploded five underground atomic bombs, joining the world's nuclear club. With their capitals and major cities less than ten ballistic missile-minutes from each other, the two countries have become the world's most dangerous match for the potential ignition of a nuclear war that could decimate South Asia and poison every region on Earth. Many proposals and plans have been made to expedite the draft of a road map to peace on which India and Pakistan could finally agree. The UN Security Council's call for a plebiscite was perhaps the best and fairest self-determination solution. That remains Pakistan's preferred solution, but since 1954, it has been completely rejected by India.Less
The only way in which India and Pakistan have remained virtually unchanged after sixty-three years is in their persistent conflict over the state of Jammu and Kashmir, the final tragic legacy of British India's 1947 Partition. More than ten million terrified Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs fled their ancestral homes that August, one million of whom died before reaching safe havens. In May 1998, India and Pakistan each successfully exploded five underground atomic bombs, joining the world's nuclear club. With their capitals and major cities less than ten ballistic missile-minutes from each other, the two countries have become the world's most dangerous match for the potential ignition of a nuclear war that could decimate South Asia and poison every region on Earth. Many proposals and plans have been made to expedite the draft of a road map to peace on which India and Pakistan could finally agree. The UN Security Council's call for a plebiscite was perhaps the best and fairest self-determination solution. That remains Pakistan's preferred solution, but since 1954, it has been completely rejected by India.
Anna Bigelow
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195368239
- eISBN:
- 9780199867622
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195368239.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Immediately before Partition in 1947 Malerkotla underwent several periods of interreligious turmoil. From the 1920s to the 1940s, that challenged the popular image of the town as an island of peace. ...
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Immediately before Partition in 1947 Malerkotla underwent several periods of interreligious turmoil. From the 1920s to the 1940s, that challenged the popular image of the town as an island of peace. For example, when a Hindu ceremony interfered with the Muslim prayer at two separate mosques within a few years of each other, the resulting conflict endured for more than a decade. Yet these troubles — including a Hindu-Muslim riot in which a Hindu was killed — were mitigated to such an extent that Malerkotla was able to survive the tumult of Partition without loss of life and with no interreligious conflict. This chapter illuminates grass-roots conflict resolution in practice.Less
Immediately before Partition in 1947 Malerkotla underwent several periods of interreligious turmoil. From the 1920s to the 1940s, that challenged the popular image of the town as an island of peace. For example, when a Hindu ceremony interfered with the Muslim prayer at two separate mosques within a few years of each other, the resulting conflict endured for more than a decade. Yet these troubles — including a Hindu-Muslim riot in which a Hindu was killed — were mitigated to such an extent that Malerkotla was able to survive the tumult of Partition without loss of life and with no interreligious conflict. This chapter illuminates grass-roots conflict resolution in practice.
Anna Bigelow
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195368239
- eISBN:
- 9780199867622
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195368239.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
According to all available sources (archives and interviews), no one in Malerkotla was killed in the interreligious violence of Partition, and most of the Muslim population remained. Explanations for ...
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According to all available sources (archives and interviews), no one in Malerkotla was killed in the interreligious violence of Partition, and most of the Muslim population remained. Explanations for this situation draw on Malerkotla’s particular history, selectively referencing certain events, such as the blessing of Haider Shaikh or the Sikh Guru Gobind Singh, to construct a coherent narrative for what otherwise appears as a gross aberration from the Partition experience of most Punjabis. In combination, these explanations are often contradictory or even mutually exclusive, and yet the range and variety of accounts form a web of meaning that allows everyone access to the grand narrative. Through continual repetition and reinforcement this metanarrative of peace becomes a hegemonic discourse, silencing opposition and dominating all accounts of Malerkotla.Less
According to all available sources (archives and interviews), no one in Malerkotla was killed in the interreligious violence of Partition, and most of the Muslim population remained. Explanations for this situation draw on Malerkotla’s particular history, selectively referencing certain events, such as the blessing of Haider Shaikh or the Sikh Guru Gobind Singh, to construct a coherent narrative for what otherwise appears as a gross aberration from the Partition experience of most Punjabis. In combination, these explanations are often contradictory or even mutually exclusive, and yet the range and variety of accounts form a web of meaning that allows everyone access to the grand narrative. Through continual repetition and reinforcement this metanarrative of peace becomes a hegemonic discourse, silencing opposition and dominating all accounts of Malerkotla.
Judith Herrin
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691153018
- eISBN:
- 9781400845224
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691153018.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, World Medieval History
This chapter offers a historical background on the island of Kythera during the Byzantine period. During the early Christian and Byzantine era, Kythera maintained the same close connection to the ...
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This chapter offers a historical background on the island of Kythera during the Byzantine period. During the early Christian and Byzantine era, Kythera maintained the same close connection to the mainland that had existed from the time of the Argive–Spartan rivalry. The introduction of Christianity in the fourth century AD was allegedly due to Hosia Elesse, and its tenth-century revival was almost certainly the responsibility of Hosios Theodoros. Settlers from the mainland repopulated Kythera after its devastation or abandonment. The chapter describes the status of Kythera, first between the fourth and seventh centuries, and then from the mid-tenth century to 1205. It also examines how Kythera came under Venetian rule following the signing of the Partition Treaty of 1204 that divided the Byzantine Empire between the Venetians, the Franks, and the pilgrims of the Fourth Crusade. Kythera remained a stronghold of Byzantine Orthodoxy long after the fall of Constantinople in 1453.Less
This chapter offers a historical background on the island of Kythera during the Byzantine period. During the early Christian and Byzantine era, Kythera maintained the same close connection to the mainland that had existed from the time of the Argive–Spartan rivalry. The introduction of Christianity in the fourth century AD was allegedly due to Hosia Elesse, and its tenth-century revival was almost certainly the responsibility of Hosios Theodoros. Settlers from the mainland repopulated Kythera after its devastation or abandonment. The chapter describes the status of Kythera, first between the fourth and seventh centuries, and then from the mid-tenth century to 1205. It also examines how Kythera came under Venetian rule following the signing of the Partition Treaty of 1204 that divided the Byzantine Empire between the Venetians, the Franks, and the pilgrims of the Fourth Crusade. Kythera remained a stronghold of Byzantine Orthodoxy long after the fall of Constantinople in 1453.
Zoltan Barany
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691137681
- eISBN:
- 9781400845491
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691137681.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter looks at two pivotal states of South Asia: India and Pakistan. India and Pakistan gained their independence in 1947. India succeeded in placing its armed forces under firm and virtually ...
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This chapter looks at two pivotal states of South Asia: India and Pakistan. India and Pakistan gained their independence in 1947. India succeeded in placing its armed forces under firm and virtually unchallenged state control right from the beginning of independence. However, civil–military relations in Pakistan have been far more “eventful.” The chapter makes three arguments. First and most important, by the end of the first postcolonial decade, the patterns for the drastically different military politics of India and Pakistan were already set. Second, of the numerous reasons for the evolution of different civil–military relations in the two countries, several lie in the circumstances of the 1947 Partition and in the immediate post-Partition period. Third, the British colonial period left behind profound legacies, most of which have positively influenced military affairs in the Subcontinent. The chapter also addresses Bangladesh—from its independence in 1971 to the military take-over in 2007—and what sets its military politics apart from Pakistan's.Less
This chapter looks at two pivotal states of South Asia: India and Pakistan. India and Pakistan gained their independence in 1947. India succeeded in placing its armed forces under firm and virtually unchallenged state control right from the beginning of independence. However, civil–military relations in Pakistan have been far more “eventful.” The chapter makes three arguments. First and most important, by the end of the first postcolonial decade, the patterns for the drastically different military politics of India and Pakistan were already set. Second, of the numerous reasons for the evolution of different civil–military relations in the two countries, several lie in the circumstances of the 1947 Partition and in the immediate post-Partition period. Third, the British colonial period left behind profound legacies, most of which have positively influenced military affairs in the Subcontinent. The chapter also addresses Bangladesh—from its independence in 1971 to the military take-over in 2007—and what sets its military politics apart from Pakistan's.
Nonica Datta
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195699340
- eISBN:
- 9780199080236
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195699340.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gender and Sexuality
This book presents the oral testimony of Subhashini (1914–2003), the woman head of a well-known Arya Samaj institution devoted to women's education in rural north India. Subhashini's narrative ...
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This book presents the oral testimony of Subhashini (1914–2003), the woman head of a well-known Arya Samaj institution devoted to women's education in rural north India. Subhashini's narrative unfolds a story, within a sea of stories, which has remained silent in the dominant historical discourse. Her memory evokes contrasting images of violence, martyrdom, and Partition. Not 1947 but 1942 — the year of her father's ‘martyrdom’ — is recalled as a violent rupture in her memory. Partition is a moment of celebration, revenge, divine retribution, empathy, remorse, tragedy, and fear. Translating Subhashini's oral testimony, the author recreates the memory of a colonial subject, living in postcolonial times, as a historical narrative. Moving beyond a historical event and well-established historical facts, Violence, Martyrdom and Partition is a parallel history of events and non-events, memory and history, testimony and experience. The book also includes photographs of Subhashini and a map of the Rohtak District and Dujana State.Less
This book presents the oral testimony of Subhashini (1914–2003), the woman head of a well-known Arya Samaj institution devoted to women's education in rural north India. Subhashini's narrative unfolds a story, within a sea of stories, which has remained silent in the dominant historical discourse. Her memory evokes contrasting images of violence, martyrdom, and Partition. Not 1947 but 1942 — the year of her father's ‘martyrdom’ — is recalled as a violent rupture in her memory. Partition is a moment of celebration, revenge, divine retribution, empathy, remorse, tragedy, and fear. Translating Subhashini's oral testimony, the author recreates the memory of a colonial subject, living in postcolonial times, as a historical narrative. Moving beyond a historical event and well-established historical facts, Violence, Martyrdom and Partition is a parallel history of events and non-events, memory and history, testimony and experience. The book also includes photographs of Subhashini and a map of the Rohtak District and Dujana State.
Ravinder Kaur
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195683776
- eISBN:
- 9780199081844
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195683776.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
‘Since 1947’, an oft-encountered phrase in Delhi, has been used in this book for an incursion into the embedded themes of disruption in one's everyday life: forced migration, and then reparation; ...
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‘Since 1947’, an oft-encountered phrase in Delhi, has been used in this book for an incursion into the embedded themes of disruption in one's everyday life: forced migration, and then reparation; rearrangement; and renewed embodiment of the migrant's personal and social bearings. The book broadly explores how past is employed to repair ruptures in people’s ordinary lives. It specifically delves into the Partition experience used by Punjabi Hindu refugees to evolve coping strategies when forced to leave their homes in 1947, and examines the emerging identification process. The book is organized around the twin courses travelled by the Punjabi migrants—from ordinary people to refugees and from refugees to locals in Delhi city—over a period of half-a-century. The main focus is on the period between 1947 and 1965, addressing the themes of displacement, loss, resettlement, and restoration. It discusses the last journey undertaken by millions of Hindus and Sikhs from West Punjab, and challenges the popular narrative that represents migration essentially as chaotic, disorderly, and hurried. It then discusses the government policies and practices of resettlement, wherein ‘compensation’ against property lost in Pakistan was the key criterion. Finally, the historicity of the identification processes among the Punjabi migrants in Delhi is examined.Less
‘Since 1947’, an oft-encountered phrase in Delhi, has been used in this book for an incursion into the embedded themes of disruption in one's everyday life: forced migration, and then reparation; rearrangement; and renewed embodiment of the migrant's personal and social bearings. The book broadly explores how past is employed to repair ruptures in people’s ordinary lives. It specifically delves into the Partition experience used by Punjabi Hindu refugees to evolve coping strategies when forced to leave their homes in 1947, and examines the emerging identification process. The book is organized around the twin courses travelled by the Punjabi migrants—from ordinary people to refugees and from refugees to locals in Delhi city—over a period of half-a-century. The main focus is on the period between 1947 and 1965, addressing the themes of displacement, loss, resettlement, and restoration. It discusses the last journey undertaken by millions of Hindus and Sikhs from West Punjab, and challenges the popular narrative that represents migration essentially as chaotic, disorderly, and hurried. It then discusses the government policies and practices of resettlement, wherein ‘compensation’ against property lost in Pakistan was the key criterion. Finally, the historicity of the identification processes among the Punjabi migrants in Delhi is examined.
Stuart Schaar
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231171564
- eISBN:
- 9780231539920
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231171564.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, History of Ideas
Surrounded by violence (father's brutal murder with Eqbal close by, the Partition of India and the trek to Pakistan, fighting in Kashmir, family problems in his elder brother's home, the death of his ...
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Surrounded by violence (father's brutal murder with Eqbal close by, the Partition of India and the trek to Pakistan, fighting in Kashmir, family problems in his elder brother's home, the death of his younger brother Saghir in a freak accident.) Gandhi and Tagore; growing up an extrovert; Princeton University as catalyst for his critical stance; taking on unpopular causes, hiding Dan Berrigan from the FBI. think tank work including directing the Transnational Institute in Amsterdam; championing the underdog: Palestinians, Bosnians, Kosavars, legacy of his father, mother, elder brother, teachers at Forman Christian College, establishing a salon to meet interesting and informed people from around the globe.Less
Surrounded by violence (father's brutal murder with Eqbal close by, the Partition of India and the trek to Pakistan, fighting in Kashmir, family problems in his elder brother's home, the death of his younger brother Saghir in a freak accident.) Gandhi and Tagore; growing up an extrovert; Princeton University as catalyst for his critical stance; taking on unpopular causes, hiding Dan Berrigan from the FBI. think tank work including directing the Transnational Institute in Amsterdam; championing the underdog: Palestinians, Bosnians, Kosavars, legacy of his father, mother, elder brother, teachers at Forman Christian College, establishing a salon to meet interesting and informed people from around the globe.
Stuart Schaar
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231171564
- eISBN:
- 9780231539920
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231171564.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, History of Ideas
Opposition to partitioning states, especiually dividing Pakistan, and Bagladesh from India, and creating a separate Palestinian state, which he saw emerging as another "Zionist entity".
Opposition to partitioning states, especiually dividing Pakistan, and Bagladesh from India, and creating a separate Palestinian state, which he saw emerging as another "Zionist entity".
Mary Burke
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199566464
- eISBN:
- 9780191721670
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199566464.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
Chapter Four examines the manner in which the idealization of the tinker figure disappeared after Partition, when it functioned as a symbol of threatening outside forces; although Synge had ...
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Chapter Four examines the manner in which the idealization of the tinker figure disappeared after Partition, when it functioned as a symbol of threatening outside forces; although Synge had Hibernicized tinkers, nativist discourse did not allow for the inclusion of any element of dubious origin in the putatively homogenous state. Ironically, in post-Independence Ireland, the tinker’s alien patina was reinforced by the fact that earlier interest in the minority had emanated from Anglo-Irish quarters. However, accretions of ‘foreignness’ were sometimes exorcized in literary depictions by a compensatory stress on the tinker’s orthodox Catholicism and Irish language ability, such as will be noted in Maurice Walsh’s prose. Additionally, the tinker was utilized for differing but related ideological purposes by the two sedentary territories on the divided island: liberal humanist nationalist discourse attempted to re-Hibernicize the tinker even as post-war Northern Unionists labelled tinkers a potential contaminant emanating from the hostile South.Less
Chapter Four examines the manner in which the idealization of the tinker figure disappeared after Partition, when it functioned as a symbol of threatening outside forces; although Synge had Hibernicized tinkers, nativist discourse did not allow for the inclusion of any element of dubious origin in the putatively homogenous state. Ironically, in post-Independence Ireland, the tinker’s alien patina was reinforced by the fact that earlier interest in the minority had emanated from Anglo-Irish quarters. However, accretions of ‘foreignness’ were sometimes exorcized in literary depictions by a compensatory stress on the tinker’s orthodox Catholicism and Irish language ability, such as will be noted in Maurice Walsh’s prose. Additionally, the tinker was utilized for differing but related ideological purposes by the two sedentary territories on the divided island: liberal humanist nationalist discourse attempted to re-Hibernicize the tinker even as post-war Northern Unionists labelled tinkers a potential contaminant emanating from the hostile South.
Udayon Misra
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- February 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780199478361
- eISBN:
- 9780199090914
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199478361.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Indian History, Political History
The work attempts to show how the shadow of Partition continues to fall over the society and politics of the state of Assam and how issues such as immigration, demographic change, language, and ...
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The work attempts to show how the shadow of Partition continues to fall over the society and politics of the state of Assam and how issues such as immigration, demographic change, language, and identity as well as citizenship that occupied the centre stage in the years immediately before and after the Partition have not only retained their relevance but have also gained an extra sense of urgency in the contemporary politics of the region. It is interesting to note that in the archive of the colonial state, the reader is often confronted with the region’s colonial past. The quest to define the Assamese identity still continues as it did in the 1940s and 1950s, and the historical effects of Partition have certainly had a long afterlife in the region. Not only did the Partition radically transform the political geography of the region and turn it overnight into a landlocked one, its aftereffects continued to be felt in the socio-political and economic life of the region in diverse ways. This book focuses primarily on the issues of immigration, land, language, and identity, which are seen as the unresolved issues of Partition politics. It attempts to show how after seven decades of Independence, the issues that almost exclusively engaged the public mind in the pre-Partition days continue to do so in today’s Assam. It is as if Assam has been caught in a rather eerie time warp.Less
The work attempts to show how the shadow of Partition continues to fall over the society and politics of the state of Assam and how issues such as immigration, demographic change, language, and identity as well as citizenship that occupied the centre stage in the years immediately before and after the Partition have not only retained their relevance but have also gained an extra sense of urgency in the contemporary politics of the region. It is interesting to note that in the archive of the colonial state, the reader is often confronted with the region’s colonial past. The quest to define the Assamese identity still continues as it did in the 1940s and 1950s, and the historical effects of Partition have certainly had a long afterlife in the region. Not only did the Partition radically transform the political geography of the region and turn it overnight into a landlocked one, its aftereffects continued to be felt in the socio-political and economic life of the region in diverse ways. This book focuses primarily on the issues of immigration, land, language, and identity, which are seen as the unresolved issues of Partition politics. It attempts to show how after seven decades of Independence, the issues that almost exclusively engaged the public mind in the pre-Partition days continue to do so in today’s Assam. It is as if Assam has been caught in a rather eerie time warp.
Butterwick Richard
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207016
- eISBN:
- 9780191677441
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207016.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
While the Partition looked unavoidable, Stanislaw August hoped that the Commonwealth might be able to trade its ratification of it for an improved form of government, and that Austria would support ...
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While the Partition looked unavoidable, Stanislaw August hoped that the Commonwealth might be able to trade its ratification of it for an improved form of government, and that Austria would support his stand. Stanislaw August made clear his preference for a government constructed logically and working harmoniously. The English constitution remained Stanislaw August's preferred model for Poland despite of all its imperfection. His forebodings of English collapse vanished. He continued to think the English constitution is the best in Europe, based upon a wise and moderate liberty that afforded security to all. It was not a vision that was shared by many of his compatriots though. Polish political culture remained firmly republican, albeit with some signs of modernization by the late 1780s, and when Russian control was lifted, the king's carefully built system came crashing down.Less
While the Partition looked unavoidable, Stanislaw August hoped that the Commonwealth might be able to trade its ratification of it for an improved form of government, and that Austria would support his stand. Stanislaw August made clear his preference for a government constructed logically and working harmoniously. The English constitution remained Stanislaw August's preferred model for Poland despite of all its imperfection. His forebodings of English collapse vanished. He continued to think the English constitution is the best in Europe, based upon a wise and moderate liberty that afforded security to all. It was not a vision that was shared by many of his compatriots though. Polish political culture remained firmly republican, albeit with some signs of modernization by the late 1780s, and when Russian control was lifted, the king's carefully built system came crashing down.
Stephen Howe
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199249909
- eISBN:
- 9780191697845
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199249909.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter discusses British domination over Ireland and Irish nationalism. By the late medieval period, the English Crown had a long-established claim to sovereignty over Ireland. Between then and ...
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This chapter discusses British domination over Ireland and Irish nationalism. By the late medieval period, the English Crown had a long-established claim to sovereignty over Ireland. Between then and the early seventeenth century, that drive for domination and assimilation both intensified and faced new challenges. Historical research depicts an eighteenth-century Ireland economically more dynamic, socially and culturally more variegated, politically more pluralist, and less oppressive power wielded either by landlords or by London. The failure of the United Irishmen, ushered in legislative Union with Britain. For the next 120 years Ireland was, legislatively, to be part of a unitary Kingdom: on a constitutional level at least they never clearly defined that ‘colonial’ status of Ireland had ended. It gained legislative independence in 1921–2 and was accompanied by Partition, and by civil war in the newly self-governing South — which soon settled into peaceable constitutional politics accompanied by what many came to view as economic stagnation and cultural parochialism.Less
This chapter discusses British domination over Ireland and Irish nationalism. By the late medieval period, the English Crown had a long-established claim to sovereignty over Ireland. Between then and the early seventeenth century, that drive for domination and assimilation both intensified and faced new challenges. Historical research depicts an eighteenth-century Ireland economically more dynamic, socially and culturally more variegated, politically more pluralist, and less oppressive power wielded either by landlords or by London. The failure of the United Irishmen, ushered in legislative Union with Britain. For the next 120 years Ireland was, legislatively, to be part of a unitary Kingdom: on a constitutional level at least they never clearly defined that ‘colonial’ status of Ireland had ended. It gained legislative independence in 1921–2 and was accompanied by Partition, and by civil war in the newly self-governing South — which soon settled into peaceable constitutional politics accompanied by what many came to view as economic stagnation and cultural parochialism.
