Michael Lister and Emily Pia
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748633418
- eISBN:
- 9780748671977
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748633418.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This book seeks to analyse the impact of globalisation, European integration, mass migration, changing patterns of political participation and welfare state provision upon citizenship in Europe. ...
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This book seeks to analyse the impact of globalisation, European integration, mass migration, changing patterns of political participation and welfare state provision upon citizenship in Europe. Uniting theory with empirical examples, the central theme of the book is that how we view such changes is dependent upon how we view citizenship theoretically. The authors analyse the three main theoretical approaches to citizenship: [1] classical positions (liberal, communitarian, and republican), primarily concerned with questions of rights and responsibilities; [2] multiculturalist and feminist theories, concerned with the question of difference; and [3] postnational or cosmopolitan theories which emphasise how citizen rights and behaviours are increasingly located beyond the nation state. Using these theoretical perspectives, the second section of the book assesses four key social, economic and political developments which pose challenges for citizenship in Europe: migration, political participation, the welfare state and European integration. These, it is argued, represent the most significant challenges to and for citizenship in contemporary Europe.Less
This book seeks to analyse the impact of globalisation, European integration, mass migration, changing patterns of political participation and welfare state provision upon citizenship in Europe. Uniting theory with empirical examples, the central theme of the book is that how we view such changes is dependent upon how we view citizenship theoretically. The authors analyse the three main theoretical approaches to citizenship: [1] classical positions (liberal, communitarian, and republican), primarily concerned with questions of rights and responsibilities; [2] multiculturalist and feminist theories, concerned with the question of difference; and [3] postnational or cosmopolitan theories which emphasise how citizen rights and behaviours are increasingly located beyond the nation state. Using these theoretical perspectives, the second section of the book assesses four key social, economic and political developments which pose challenges for citizenship in Europe: migration, political participation, the welfare state and European integration. These, it is argued, represent the most significant challenges to and for citizenship in contemporary Europe.
Sruti Bala
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781526100771
- eISBN:
- 9781526138927
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526100771.001.0001
- Subject:
- Art, Visual Culture
The gestures of participatory art offers a critical investigation of key debates in relation to participatory art, spanning the domains of applied and community theatre, immersive performance as well ...
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The gestures of participatory art offers a critical investigation of key debates in relation to participatory art, spanning the domains of applied and community theatre, immersive performance as well as the visual arts. Rather than seeking a genre-based definition, it asks how artists, audiences and art practices approach the subject of participation beyond the predetermined options allocated to them. In doing so, it inquires into the ways that artworks participate in civic life. Participation is the utopian sweet dream that has turned into a nightmare in contemporary neoliberal societies. Yet can the participatory ideal be discarded or merely replaced with another term, just because it has become disemboweled into a tool of pacification? The gestures of participatory art insists that the concept of participation must be re-imagined and shifted onto other registers. It proposes the concept of the gesture as a rewarding way of theorizing participatory art. The gesture is simultaneously an expression of an inner attitude as well as a social habitude; it is situated in between image, speech and action. The study reads the gestural as a way to link discussions on participatory art to broader issues of citizenship and collective action. Moving from reflections on institutional critique and impact to concrete analyses of moments of unsolicited, delicate participation or refusal, the book examines a range of practices from India, Sudan, Guatemala and El Salvador, the Lebanon, the Netherlands and Germany. It engages with the critiques of participation and pleads for a critical reclaiming of participatory practices.Less
The gestures of participatory art offers a critical investigation of key debates in relation to participatory art, spanning the domains of applied and community theatre, immersive performance as well as the visual arts. Rather than seeking a genre-based definition, it asks how artists, audiences and art practices approach the subject of participation beyond the predetermined options allocated to them. In doing so, it inquires into the ways that artworks participate in civic life. Participation is the utopian sweet dream that has turned into a nightmare in contemporary neoliberal societies. Yet can the participatory ideal be discarded or merely replaced with another term, just because it has become disemboweled into a tool of pacification? The gestures of participatory art insists that the concept of participation must be re-imagined and shifted onto other registers. It proposes the concept of the gesture as a rewarding way of theorizing participatory art. The gesture is simultaneously an expression of an inner attitude as well as a social habitude; it is situated in between image, speech and action. The study reads the gestural as a way to link discussions on participatory art to broader issues of citizenship and collective action. Moving from reflections on institutional critique and impact to concrete analyses of moments of unsolicited, delicate participation or refusal, the book examines a range of practices from India, Sudan, Guatemala and El Salvador, the Lebanon, the Netherlands and Germany. It engages with the critiques of participation and pleads for a critical reclaiming of participatory practices.
Carlos Steel
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199639984
- eISBN:
- 9780191743337
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199639984.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Ancient Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
In chapter 6 Aristotle introduces Plato's views on the first principles. In the first part Aristotle offers a plausible account on how Plato came to develop the doctrine of the Forms. The second ...
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In chapter 6 Aristotle introduces Plato's views on the first principles. In the first part Aristotle offers a plausible account on how Plato came to develop the doctrine of the Forms. The second part, on the relation between numbers and Forms and on the ultimate principles of whatever exists (the One and the Great and the Small) , has inspired numerous speculations on the ‘unwritten’ doctrine of Plato Notwithstanding some misgivings we may have about Aristotle's transposition of Plato's doctrine in his own format, chapter 6 occupies within the composition of Alpha a central place as Aristotle expounds here how he understands the views, not of some remote predecessor, but of the philosopher who had the greatest influence on the formation of his own thought and who kept dominating and haunting the Academy to which Aristotle still intellectually belonged. Although his insistence on similarities with the Pythagoreans may have led him to integrate too easily the doctrine of the Forms and numbers — probably because in the Academy this Pythagorizing current was dominant — he recognizes Plato's essential contribution in the search for the first principles. Plato, is indeed, the first to have developed the doctrine of a formal cause, which is also central in Aristotle's explaining of the world. It is also Plato who first developed a notion of a material principle that is quite different from the material cause of the natural philosophers, a purely receptive principle that can only functions when ‘given form’ by the Forms. It is not without reason that this chapter set for centuries the perspective to understand Plato.Less
In chapter 6 Aristotle introduces Plato's views on the first principles. In the first part Aristotle offers a plausible account on how Plato came to develop the doctrine of the Forms. The second part, on the relation between numbers and Forms and on the ultimate principles of whatever exists (the One and the Great and the Small) , has inspired numerous speculations on the ‘unwritten’ doctrine of Plato Notwithstanding some misgivings we may have about Aristotle's transposition of Plato's doctrine in his own format, chapter 6 occupies within the composition of Alpha a central place as Aristotle expounds here how he understands the views, not of some remote predecessor, but of the philosopher who had the greatest influence on the formation of his own thought and who kept dominating and haunting the Academy to which Aristotle still intellectually belonged. Although his insistence on similarities with the Pythagoreans may have led him to integrate too easily the doctrine of the Forms and numbers — probably because in the Academy this Pythagorizing current was dominant — he recognizes Plato's essential contribution in the search for the first principles. Plato, is indeed, the first to have developed the doctrine of a formal cause, which is also central in Aristotle's explaining of the world. It is also Plato who first developed a notion of a material principle that is quite different from the material cause of the natural philosophers, a purely receptive principle that can only functions when ‘given form’ by the Forms. It is not without reason that this chapter set for centuries the perspective to understand Plato.
Eli M. Noam
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195188523
- eISBN:
- 9780199852574
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195188523.003.0014
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Information Technology
Mergers among content providers, distributors, retail outlets, and technology firms raise questions about vertical integration. The fear is of an extension of market power from one industry to a ...
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Mergers among content providers, distributors, retail outlets, and technology firms raise questions about vertical integration. The fear is of an extension of market power from one industry to a related one. However, vertical integration may also result in efficiency gains, commonly referred to as synergies. To what extent is the American information sector vertically integrated? And how much more now than twenty years ago? This chapter analyzes market concentration trends for the largest fifty information industry firms, as well as the top twenty-five mass media companies, for the year 1984 and subsequent years. These firms are ranked according to their information sector revenue. All revenues are those in the United States, whether by American or non-American firms. Three measures for vertical integration are described: Participation Index, Sector Share Index, and Company Power Index.Less
Mergers among content providers, distributors, retail outlets, and technology firms raise questions about vertical integration. The fear is of an extension of market power from one industry to a related one. However, vertical integration may also result in efficiency gains, commonly referred to as synergies. To what extent is the American information sector vertically integrated? And how much more now than twenty years ago? This chapter analyzes market concentration trends for the largest fifty information industry firms, as well as the top twenty-five mass media companies, for the year 1984 and subsequent years. These firms are ranked according to their information sector revenue. All revenues are those in the United States, whether by American or non-American firms. Three measures for vertical integration are described: Participation Index, Sector Share Index, and Company Power Index.
Simon Peplow
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781526125286
- eISBN:
- 9781526144690
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526125286.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
In 1980–1, anti-police collective violence spread across England. This was the earliest confrontation between the state and members of the British public during Thatcher’s divisive government. This ...
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In 1980–1, anti-police collective violence spread across England. This was the earliest confrontation between the state and members of the British public during Thatcher’s divisive government. This powerful and original book locates these disturbances within a longer struggle against racism and disadvantage faced by black Britons, which had seen a growth in more militant forms of resistance since World War II. In this first full-length historical study of 1980–1, three case studies – of Bristol, Brixton, and Manchester – emphasise the importance of local factors and the wider situation, concluding that these events should be viewed as ‘collective bargaining by riot’ – as a tool attempting increased political inclusion for marginalised black Britons. Focussing on the political activities of black Britons themselves, it explores the actions of community organisations in the aftermath of disorders to highlight dichotomous valuations of state mechanisms. A key focus is public inquiries, which were contrastingly viewed by black Britons as either a governmental diversionary tactic, or a method of legitimising their inclusion with the British constitutional system. Through study of a wide range of newly-available archives, interviews, understudied local sources, and records of grassroots black political organisations, this work expands understandings of protest movements and community activism in modern democracies while highlighting the often-problematic reliance upon ‘official’ sources when forming historical narratives. Of interest to researchers of race, ethnicity, and migration history, as well as modern British political and social history more generally, its interdisciplinary nature will also appeal to wider fields, including sociology, political sciences, and criminology.Less
In 1980–1, anti-police collective violence spread across England. This was the earliest confrontation between the state and members of the British public during Thatcher’s divisive government. This powerful and original book locates these disturbances within a longer struggle against racism and disadvantage faced by black Britons, which had seen a growth in more militant forms of resistance since World War II. In this first full-length historical study of 1980–1, three case studies – of Bristol, Brixton, and Manchester – emphasise the importance of local factors and the wider situation, concluding that these events should be viewed as ‘collective bargaining by riot’ – as a tool attempting increased political inclusion for marginalised black Britons. Focussing on the political activities of black Britons themselves, it explores the actions of community organisations in the aftermath of disorders to highlight dichotomous valuations of state mechanisms. A key focus is public inquiries, which were contrastingly viewed by black Britons as either a governmental diversionary tactic, or a method of legitimising their inclusion with the British constitutional system. Through study of a wide range of newly-available archives, interviews, understudied local sources, and records of grassroots black political organisations, this work expands understandings of protest movements and community activism in modern democracies while highlighting the often-problematic reliance upon ‘official’ sources when forming historical narratives. Of interest to researchers of race, ethnicity, and migration history, as well as modern British political and social history more generally, its interdisciplinary nature will also appeal to wider fields, including sociology, political sciences, and criminology.
Catherine E. Clifford
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469625294
- eISBN:
- 9781469625317
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469625294.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This essay takes a broad look at the concept and the exercise of authority in the Catholic tradition and then focuses on the process of decision making during the Council, leading to the Constitution ...
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This essay takes a broad look at the concept and the exercise of authority in the Catholic tradition and then focuses on the process of decision making during the Council, leading to the Constitution on the Church (Lumen Gentium) and to the Decree on bishops (Christus Dominus). While these documents mark a definitive shift to a more collegial and less monarchical structure of authority, the postconciliar implementation has been difficult and inconclusive. Fifty years after the Council the Church still does not have a system in place that fully honors episcopal collegiality. In his first statements and initiatives Pope Francis has shown his commitment to redressing an overly centralized mode of church governance and to creating more room for decision making on the level of national and regional conferences of bishops.Less
This essay takes a broad look at the concept and the exercise of authority in the Catholic tradition and then focuses on the process of decision making during the Council, leading to the Constitution on the Church (Lumen Gentium) and to the Decree on bishops (Christus Dominus). While these documents mark a definitive shift to a more collegial and less monarchical structure of authority, the postconciliar implementation has been difficult and inconclusive. Fifty years after the Council the Church still does not have a system in place that fully honors episcopal collegiality. In his first statements and initiatives Pope Francis has shown his commitment to redressing an overly centralized mode of church governance and to creating more room for decision making on the level of national and regional conferences of bishops.
Lee Jarvis and Michael Lister
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719091599
- eISBN:
- 9781781708316
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719091599.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Conflict Politics and Policy
This book explores how different publics make sense of and evaluate anti-terrorism powers within the UK, and the implications of this for citizenship and security. Since 9/11, the UK’s anti-terrorism ...
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This book explores how different publics make sense of and evaluate anti-terrorism powers within the UK, and the implications of this for citizenship and security. Since 9/11, the UK’s anti-terrorism framework has undergone dramatic changes, including with the introduction of numerous new pieces of legislation. Drawing on primary empirical research, this book examines the impact of these changes on security and citizenship, as perceived by citizens themselves. We examine such impacts on different communities within the UK, and find that generally, whilst white individuals were not unconcerned about the effects of anti-terrorism, ethnic minority citizens (and not Muslim communities alone) believe that anti-terrorism measures have had a direct, negative impact on various dimensions of their citizenship and security. This book thus offers the first systematic engagement with ‘vernacular’ or ‘everyday’ understandings of anti-terrorism policy, citizenship and security. Beyond an empirical analysis of citizen attitudes, it argues that while transformations in anti-terrorism frameworks impact on public experiences of security and citizenship, they do not do so in a uniform, homogeneous, or predictable manner. At the same time, public understandings and expectations of security and citizenship themselves shape how developments in anti-terrorism frameworks are discussed and evaluated. The relationships between these phenomenon, in other words, are both multiple and co-constitutive. By detailing these findings, this book adds depth and complexity to existing studies of the impact of anti-terrorism powers. The book will be of interest to a wide range of academic disciplines including Political Science, International Relations, Security Studies and Sociology.Less
This book explores how different publics make sense of and evaluate anti-terrorism powers within the UK, and the implications of this for citizenship and security. Since 9/11, the UK’s anti-terrorism framework has undergone dramatic changes, including with the introduction of numerous new pieces of legislation. Drawing on primary empirical research, this book examines the impact of these changes on security and citizenship, as perceived by citizens themselves. We examine such impacts on different communities within the UK, and find that generally, whilst white individuals were not unconcerned about the effects of anti-terrorism, ethnic minority citizens (and not Muslim communities alone) believe that anti-terrorism measures have had a direct, negative impact on various dimensions of their citizenship and security. This book thus offers the first systematic engagement with ‘vernacular’ or ‘everyday’ understandings of anti-terrorism policy, citizenship and security. Beyond an empirical analysis of citizen attitudes, it argues that while transformations in anti-terrorism frameworks impact on public experiences of security and citizenship, they do not do so in a uniform, homogeneous, or predictable manner. At the same time, public understandings and expectations of security and citizenship themselves shape how developments in anti-terrorism frameworks are discussed and evaluated. The relationships between these phenomenon, in other words, are both multiple and co-constitutive. By detailing these findings, this book adds depth and complexity to existing studies of the impact of anti-terrorism powers. The book will be of interest to a wide range of academic disciplines including Political Science, International Relations, Security Studies and Sociology.
Larry Blomstedt
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813166117
- eISBN:
- 9780813166391
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813166117.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter examines the decision to intervene in Korea. Truman orchestrated American leadership of the United Nations’ military response because he perceived the attack on South Korea as Stalinist ...
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This chapter examines the decision to intervene in Korea. Truman orchestrated American leadership of the United Nations’ military response because he perceived the attack on South Korea as Stalinist aggression and believed UN credibility was at stake. The president chose not to seek congressional approval for the war, confident he had the power as commander in chief to order U.S. forces abroad. Members of Congress, particularly Truman’s Democratic allies, did little to assert the legislature’s constitutional authority to declare war, largely because they agreed with the decision. Prior to the war, Congress had failed to implement the UN Participation Act, which aimed to provide a contingent of American forces for UN use should the need arise. Thus, the Eighty-First Congress, controlled by the president’s party, never exercised its war-making power in the conflict, which eventually produced more than 130,000 American casualties. The Korean decision had enormous historical implications, with subsequent presidents following Truman’s lead and sending American forces into major confrontations without a declaration of war from Congress.Less
This chapter examines the decision to intervene in Korea. Truman orchestrated American leadership of the United Nations’ military response because he perceived the attack on South Korea as Stalinist aggression and believed UN credibility was at stake. The president chose not to seek congressional approval for the war, confident he had the power as commander in chief to order U.S. forces abroad. Members of Congress, particularly Truman’s Democratic allies, did little to assert the legislature’s constitutional authority to declare war, largely because they agreed with the decision. Prior to the war, Congress had failed to implement the UN Participation Act, which aimed to provide a contingent of American forces for UN use should the need arise. Thus, the Eighty-First Congress, controlled by the president’s party, never exercised its war-making power in the conflict, which eventually produced more than 130,000 American casualties. The Korean decision had enormous historical implications, with subsequent presidents following Truman’s lead and sending American forces into major confrontations without a declaration of war from Congress.
Shannon Elizabeth Bell
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262034340
- eISBN:
- 9780262333597
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262034340.003.0008
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmental Studies
Chapter 7 provides a transition between Part I and Part II of the book, beginning with a summary of the four factors described in Part I that were found to inhibit local residents’ participation in ...
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Chapter 7 provides a transition between Part I and Part II of the book, beginning with a summary of the four factors described in Part I that were found to inhibit local residents’ participation in the Central Appalachian environmental justice movement. The chapter then describes how Part II will present a “Photovoice” project that was initiated with non-activist coalfield residents to study, in real time, the processes hindering and facilitating local involvement in the environmental justice movement.Less
Chapter 7 provides a transition between Part I and Part II of the book, beginning with a summary of the four factors described in Part I that were found to inhibit local residents’ participation in the Central Appalachian environmental justice movement. The chapter then describes how Part II will present a “Photovoice” project that was initiated with non-activist coalfield residents to study, in real time, the processes hindering and facilitating local involvement in the environmental justice movement.
Keiran Walsh, Gemma M. Carney, and Áine Ní Léime (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9781447316237
- eISBN:
- 9781447316244
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447316237.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gerontology and Ageing
Demographic ageing is identified as a global challenge with significant social policy implications across local, national and international contexts. The 2008 economic crisis and related austerity ...
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Demographic ageing is identified as a global challenge with significant social policy implications across local, national and international contexts. The 2008 economic crisis and related austerity policies further compound and complicate this challenge. Social policy pressures characterising ageing societies increasingly need to be understood within the context of the economic recession and the evolving circumstances of austerity. Yet, the extent to which the global economic crisis intensifies problems experienced in later life has been largely neglected as a research and policy topic. This book addresses this deficit by using Ireland as a site for unpacking social policy issues in ageing through austerity. The book interrogates whether or not the economic recession and austerity has in fact altered ageing experiences for older people in Ireland. A selection of internationally recognised policy issues for ageing societies are explored; demography; citizenship; participation and volunteering; work, gender and pensions; age-friendly communities and place; dementia care; and social exclusion. The book presents a critical analysis to contextualise and elaborate on international debates around these issues within the Irish austerity setting, and to identify future directions for research and policy that are relevant beyond Ireland. A central goal of contributors is to demonstrate linkages between the global, national and local levels that shape the experiences of ageing in a time of austerity. The emphasis, however, is as much on the capacity of the local to shape and manipulate global influence and forces, as it is about the power of globalisation over national and community contexts.Less
Demographic ageing is identified as a global challenge with significant social policy implications across local, national and international contexts. The 2008 economic crisis and related austerity policies further compound and complicate this challenge. Social policy pressures characterising ageing societies increasingly need to be understood within the context of the economic recession and the evolving circumstances of austerity. Yet, the extent to which the global economic crisis intensifies problems experienced in later life has been largely neglected as a research and policy topic. This book addresses this deficit by using Ireland as a site for unpacking social policy issues in ageing through austerity. The book interrogates whether or not the economic recession and austerity has in fact altered ageing experiences for older people in Ireland. A selection of internationally recognised policy issues for ageing societies are explored; demography; citizenship; participation and volunteering; work, gender and pensions; age-friendly communities and place; dementia care; and social exclusion. The book presents a critical analysis to contextualise and elaborate on international debates around these issues within the Irish austerity setting, and to identify future directions for research and policy that are relevant beyond Ireland. A central goal of contributors is to demonstrate linkages between the global, national and local levels that shape the experiences of ageing in a time of austerity. The emphasis, however, is as much on the capacity of the local to shape and manipulate global influence and forces, as it is about the power of globalisation over national and community contexts.
Kim Munro
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781474419475
- eISBN:
- 9781474444699
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474419475.003.0006
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This essay discusses how feminist filmmaking techniques embody the explicit construction of identity through a shared and collaborative approach to subject participation and performance in relation ...
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This essay discusses how feminist filmmaking techniques embody the explicit construction of identity through a shared and collaborative approach to subject participation and performance in relation to ideas around ‘voice’. It highlights the use of ‘hybrid’ practices and border-crossing in film and art processes. The author shows how strategies of participation and performance allow for non-binary complexities and voice-making to emerge.Less
This essay discusses how feminist filmmaking techniques embody the explicit construction of identity through a shared and collaborative approach to subject participation and performance in relation to ideas around ‘voice’. It highlights the use of ‘hybrid’ practices and border-crossing in film and art processes. The author shows how strategies of participation and performance allow for non-binary complexities and voice-making to emerge.
Fatima Zibouh
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780748646944
- eISBN:
- 9780748684281
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748646944.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
Compared with other major European cities, the Brussels-Capital Region has a unique configuration in terms of the political representation of elected representatives descended from diverse ...
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Compared with other major European cities, the Brussels-Capital Region has a unique configuration in terms of the political representation of elected representatives descended from diverse ethnocultural groups, and in particular Muslim elected representatives. Nearly one out of five members of the Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region is of Muslim origin. This is all the more unusual given that, for the first time in Brussels and in the entire European Union, one of the seats in the Brussels Parliament is held by a Muslim member who wears a headscarf. The present chapter is based on documentary work as well as an empirical approach carried out using interviews which were conducted with Brussels MPs and community stakeholders mobilised before the elections as well as an ethnographic observation of the election campaign. Its objective is to understand the explanatory factors regarding this political representation which is quite unusual in Europe, by formulating the hypothesis of the deciding influence of institutional parameters combined with the demographic evolution and community mobilisation of Muslims in Brussels.Less
Compared with other major European cities, the Brussels-Capital Region has a unique configuration in terms of the political representation of elected representatives descended from diverse ethnocultural groups, and in particular Muslim elected representatives. Nearly one out of five members of the Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region is of Muslim origin. This is all the more unusual given that, for the first time in Brussels and in the entire European Union, one of the seats in the Brussels Parliament is held by a Muslim member who wears a headscarf. The present chapter is based on documentary work as well as an empirical approach carried out using interviews which were conducted with Brussels MPs and community stakeholders mobilised before the elections as well as an ethnographic observation of the election campaign. Its objective is to understand the explanatory factors regarding this political representation which is quite unusual in Europe, by formulating the hypothesis of the deciding influence of institutional parameters combined with the demographic evolution and community mobilisation of Muslims in Brussels.
Reza Bagheri
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781474427234
- eISBN:
- 9781474438407
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474427234.003.0013
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
Since the 1970s, we have seen increasing interest in the integration of Muslims as the most visible ethno-religious minority group in Britain. The term ‘integration’ as used in this chapter is ...
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Since the 1970s, we have seen increasing interest in the integration of Muslims as the most visible ethno-religious minority group in Britain. The term ‘integration’ as used in this chapter is concerned with the social aspect of a process in which Muslims, as well as other minority ethnic people, required and/or would like to participate in society. More elaboration of different theoretical and academic interpretations of this term is discussed later in this chapter. The social aspects of integration mainly revolve around the maintenance of Muslims’ distinctive identity and practice (Modood, 2005, 2007; Parekh, 2008; Vertovec and Wessendorf, 2010). This chapter looks at Scottish Muslims’ integration strategies (based on gender, generational and level of religiosity) and introduces the idea of ‘halal integration’ which entails fitting into society while maintaining their religious identity. This refers to the life of many Scottish Muslims, whom I refer to as ‘halal Scots’ – those who integrated into many aspects of Scottish society while maintaining their religious identity and practice. Some examples of such integration are adopting alternative ways of socialising such as meeting at cafés, running family and social events in non-alcoholic environments, and taking part in voluntary and charitable work.Less
Since the 1970s, we have seen increasing interest in the integration of Muslims as the most visible ethno-religious minority group in Britain. The term ‘integration’ as used in this chapter is concerned with the social aspect of a process in which Muslims, as well as other minority ethnic people, required and/or would like to participate in society. More elaboration of different theoretical and academic interpretations of this term is discussed later in this chapter. The social aspects of integration mainly revolve around the maintenance of Muslims’ distinctive identity and practice (Modood, 2005, 2007; Parekh, 2008; Vertovec and Wessendorf, 2010). This chapter looks at Scottish Muslims’ integration strategies (based on gender, generational and level of religiosity) and introduces the idea of ‘halal integration’ which entails fitting into society while maintaining their religious identity. This refers to the life of many Scottish Muslims, whom I refer to as ‘halal Scots’ – those who integrated into many aspects of Scottish society while maintaining their religious identity and practice. Some examples of such integration are adopting alternative ways of socialising such as meeting at cafés, running family and social events in non-alcoholic environments, and taking part in voluntary and charitable work.
John Barker
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847428462
- eISBN:
- 9781447307259
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847428462.003.0010
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
This chapter uses a number of UK based case studies to critically discuss young people's participation in transport planning. Whilst the involvement of young people is not widespread, the chapter ...
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This chapter uses a number of UK based case studies to critically discuss young people's participation in transport planning. Whilst the involvement of young people is not widespread, the chapter considers some innovative campaigns led by young people to improve transport services. Using the concept of scale, it also highlights how local opportunities for young people's participation are often influenced and constrained by competing political processes which exist beyond the local. Despite these constraints, examples of local youth led transport campaigns which have ‘jumped scale’, significantly influencing UK central government policy, are critically discussed.Less
This chapter uses a number of UK based case studies to critically discuss young people's participation in transport planning. Whilst the involvement of young people is not widespread, the chapter considers some innovative campaigns led by young people to improve transport services. Using the concept of scale, it also highlights how local opportunities for young people's participation are often influenced and constrained by competing political processes which exist beyond the local. Despite these constraints, examples of local youth led transport campaigns which have ‘jumped scale’, significantly influencing UK central government policy, are critically discussed.
Michael Lister
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748633418
- eISBN:
- 9780748671977
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748633418.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
The relationship between individuals and the political community has been conceptualised in a number of different ways. This chapter will consider three different classical conceptions of ...
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The relationship between individuals and the political community has been conceptualised in a number of different ways. This chapter will consider three different classical conceptions of citizenship. The first is the liberal conception, which, unsurprisingly, takes the individual as the main focus. A liberal theory of citizenship emphasises the equality of rights which each citizen holds, and how these rights enable the individual to pursue their aims and goals. The second theory, communitarianism, is critical of this position. For communitarians, the individual does not exist prior to the community. As such, it argues that the liberal theory fails to consider duty or loyalty to the community, ignores the social nature of individuals and, in emphasising rights, ignores responsibilities and duties owed to the community. A third theory of citizenship is the republican tradition. It emphasises participation in government as the foundation for the promotion of the civic good. It is critical of both the liberal perspective, which it sees as too fragmentary, and also, the communitarian view, as it is wary of local identities being placed above wider civic goals.Less
The relationship between individuals and the political community has been conceptualised in a number of different ways. This chapter will consider three different classical conceptions of citizenship. The first is the liberal conception, which, unsurprisingly, takes the individual as the main focus. A liberal theory of citizenship emphasises the equality of rights which each citizen holds, and how these rights enable the individual to pursue their aims and goals. The second theory, communitarianism, is critical of this position. For communitarians, the individual does not exist prior to the community. As such, it argues that the liberal theory fails to consider duty or loyalty to the community, ignores the social nature of individuals and, in emphasising rights, ignores responsibilities and duties owed to the community. A third theory of citizenship is the republican tradition. It emphasises participation in government as the foundation for the promotion of the civic good. It is critical of both the liberal perspective, which it sees as too fragmentary, and also, the communitarian view, as it is wary of local identities being placed above wider civic goals.
Michael Lister
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748633418
- eISBN:
- 9780748671977
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748633418.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
A range of contemporary European societies have witnessed a decline in formal political participation. In many countries, turnout at elections, and membership of political parties and trade unions is ...
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A range of contemporary European societies have witnessed a decline in formal political participation. In many countries, turnout at elections, and membership of political parties and trade unions is in decline. Yet there seem to be counter trends, with an increase in activist political participation (marches and demonstrations). In this chapter we will examine these developments to assess how citizens in contemporary Europe express themselves politically, and investigate whether declining engagement with formal politics should be seen as a problem for citizenship. To a large extent, the answer to this question depends upon how one views citizenship theoretically.Less
A range of contemporary European societies have witnessed a decline in formal political participation. In many countries, turnout at elections, and membership of political parties and trade unions is in decline. Yet there seem to be counter trends, with an increase in activist political participation (marches and demonstrations). In this chapter we will examine these developments to assess how citizens in contemporary Europe express themselves politically, and investigate whether declining engagement with formal politics should be seen as a problem for citizenship. To a large extent, the answer to this question depends upon how one views citizenship theoretically.
Reid Barbara
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861342201
- eISBN:
- 9781447302919
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861342201.003.0005
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter examines the place of social housing at the centre of social exclusion policy. It considers organisational vehicles for advancing the community regeneration agenda and responding to the ...
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This chapter examines the place of social housing at the centre of social exclusion policy. It considers organisational vehicles for advancing the community regeneration agenda and responding to the immediate challenges of introducing the Best Value and Tenant Participation Compact regimes. It explores partnership activity in social housing at an operational level and describes the five main areas of operational partnership activity. It evaluates prospects for the development of operational partnerships and the place of partnership activity in housing service delivery.Less
This chapter examines the place of social housing at the centre of social exclusion policy. It considers organisational vehicles for advancing the community regeneration agenda and responding to the immediate challenges of introducing the Best Value and Tenant Participation Compact regimes. It explores partnership activity in social housing at an operational level and describes the five main areas of operational partnership activity. It evaluates prospects for the development of operational partnerships and the place of partnership activity in housing service delivery.
Philip M. Gleason and Glen G. Cain
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300095418
- eISBN:
- 9780300129847
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300095418.003.0023
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter examines the relationship between employment of black and white youth and their family income and poverty status. It utilizes the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) to ...
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This chapter examines the relationship between employment of black and white youth and their family income and poverty status. It utilizes the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) to analyze the question of racial differences in youth employment in a historical context. The chapter describes the trends of youth employment and family poverty by race nationwide from 1955 to 1995 between blacks and whites.Less
This chapter examines the relationship between employment of black and white youth and their family income and poverty status. It utilizes the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) to analyze the question of racial differences in youth employment in a historical context. The chapter describes the trends of youth employment and family poverty by race nationwide from 1955 to 1995 between blacks and whites.
Claudia Sanchez Bajo and Bruno Roelants
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780719099595
- eISBN:
- 9781526120731
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719099595.003.0002
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History
This chapter discusses the mainstreaming of co-operatives against the background of the global financial crisis of 2008. It defines the concept of mainstreaming, examines the ‘debt trap’ which many ...
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This chapter discusses the mainstreaming of co-operatives against the background of the global financial crisis of 2008. It defines the concept of mainstreaming, examines the ‘debt trap’ which many organisations experienced following the crisis, notes the greater levels of resilience among co-operative and mutual organisations, and proposes an initial framework to monitor the mainstreaming of co-operatives.Less
This chapter discusses the mainstreaming of co-operatives against the background of the global financial crisis of 2008. It defines the concept of mainstreaming, examines the ‘debt trap’ which many organisations experienced following the crisis, notes the greater levels of resilience among co-operative and mutual organisations, and proposes an initial framework to monitor the mainstreaming of co-operatives.
Andrew Johnstone
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801453250
- eISBN:
- 9780801454738
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801453250.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
The outbreak of Sino-Japanese War in July 1937 had limited impact on the American people. The American response to the war was in line with the non-interventionist outlook that had characterized ...
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The outbreak of Sino-Japanese War in July 1937 had limited impact on the American people. The American response to the war was in line with the non-interventionist outlook that had characterized American opinion since the rejection of the League of Nations in 1920. However, a minority of Americans were increasingly concerned with events in China. Displaying a clear sympathy with China, they felt the United States was not doing enough to help the victim of aggression. Frustrated with the lack of a quarantine or economic sanctions against Japan, those who were sympathetic to China felt not only that aid to China must continue but also that the United States needed to stop providing material to Japan. In doing so, it was arguably supporting Japanese aggression. This chapter discusses the formation of the American Committee for Non-Participation in Japanese Aggression (ACNPJA). The ACNPJA called for an embargo and educated the public about the nature of America's role in aiding Japan until 1941.Less
The outbreak of Sino-Japanese War in July 1937 had limited impact on the American people. The American response to the war was in line with the non-interventionist outlook that had characterized American opinion since the rejection of the League of Nations in 1920. However, a minority of Americans were increasingly concerned with events in China. Displaying a clear sympathy with China, they felt the United States was not doing enough to help the victim of aggression. Frustrated with the lack of a quarantine or economic sanctions against Japan, those who were sympathetic to China felt not only that aid to China must continue but also that the United States needed to stop providing material to Japan. In doing so, it was arguably supporting Japanese aggression. This chapter discusses the formation of the American Committee for Non-Participation in Japanese Aggression (ACNPJA). The ACNPJA called for an embargo and educated the public about the nature of America's role in aiding Japan until 1941.
