Gregory Stump
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780197265253
- eISBN:
- 9780191760419
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265253.003.0005
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
Ancient Sanskrit had two tenses of particular interest: periphrastic perfect and periphrastic future. At first glance, they are rather similar: both realize a particular value of tense through a ...
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Ancient Sanskrit had two tenses of particular interest: periphrastic perfect and periphrastic future. At first glance, they are rather similar: both realize a particular value of tense through a combination of a lexical verb (devoid of personal agreement) and an agreeing auxiliary. There are, however, important differences which are revealed in this chapter: the periphrastic future is available for every verb, and can be distinguished from the synthetic future on semantic grounds, while the periphrastic perfect is available only for certain verbs, and these do not make up a semantically homogeneous group. A formal analysis is proposed, within Paradigm Function Morphology, for the two periphrastic tenses. It is demonstrated that a morphological rather than a purely syntactic account is preferable here. The verbs with a periphrastic perfect make up a conjugation class; on the other hand, the periphrastic future is formalized as a morphosyntactic property whose default realization is periphrastic.Less
Ancient Sanskrit had two tenses of particular interest: periphrastic perfect and periphrastic future. At first glance, they are rather similar: both realize a particular value of tense through a combination of a lexical verb (devoid of personal agreement) and an agreeing auxiliary. There are, however, important differences which are revealed in this chapter: the periphrastic future is available for every verb, and can be distinguished from the synthetic future on semantic grounds, while the periphrastic perfect is available only for certain verbs, and these do not make up a semantically homogeneous group. A formal analysis is proposed, within Paradigm Function Morphology, for the two periphrastic tenses. It is demonstrated that a morphological rather than a purely syntactic account is preferable here. The verbs with a periphrastic perfect make up a conjugation class; on the other hand, the periphrastic future is formalized as a morphosyntactic property whose default realization is periphrastic.
Olivier Bonami and Gert Webelhuth
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780197265253
- eISBN:
- 9780191760419
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265253.003.0006
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
Periphrastic constructions in related and well-studied languages such as English, German, and French exhibit significant diversity in their syntactic structure. In English the main verb combines with ...
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Periphrastic constructions in related and well-studied languages such as English, German, and French exhibit significant diversity in their syntactic structure. In English the main verb combines with its complements first, whereas in German the main verb combines with the auxiliary first. French demonstrates that it is possible to have diversity even within one language. Two periphrastic tenses in French — the perfect and the near future — correspond to two distinct phrase structure configurations. This chapter argues that different syntactic configurations show the same level of paradigm integration in the relevant language, and thus the theory of periphrasis should not depend on the particular phrase structure. It presents a formal account for the phrase-structural diversity of periphrases using Paradigm Function Morphology as the inflectional component for an HPSG account.Less
Periphrastic constructions in related and well-studied languages such as English, German, and French exhibit significant diversity in their syntactic structure. In English the main verb combines with its complements first, whereas in German the main verb combines with the auxiliary first. French demonstrates that it is possible to have diversity even within one language. Two periphrastic tenses in French — the perfect and the near future — correspond to two distinct phrase structure configurations. This chapter argues that different syntactic configurations show the same level of paradigm integration in the relevant language, and thus the theory of periphrasis should not depend on the particular phrase structure. It presents a formal account for the phrase-structural diversity of periphrases using Paradigm Function Morphology as the inflectional component for an HPSG account.
Philip Wood
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199588497
- eISBN:
- 9780191595424
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199588497.003.0008
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Asian and Middle Eastern History: BCE to 500CE
This final chapter investigates how the kind of political and historical ideas employed among Syriac‐speaking Miaphysites in Mesopotamia were exported elsewhere in the Roman world, focl1sing on the ...
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This final chapter investigates how the kind of political and historical ideas employed among Syriac‐speaking Miaphysites in Mesopotamia were exported elsewhere in the Roman world, focl1sing on the border zones of Rome's conflict with Persia, on Yemen (Himyar) and the lands controlled by the Ghassanid Arab federation (centred in modern‐day northern Jordan). The persecuted missionary church of Miaphysites exported a distinctive paradigm ofhistory, by which new Christian territories such as Himyar could repeat the defining moments of Christian nationhood, the experience of martyrdom and the overthrow of the Jews. Moreover, while this struggle was part of a wider struggle against the Jews, it did not tie Himyar into the political orbit of the Roman lfmpire. It is this evolution of a self‐sufficient political thought in the communities of the late Roman and post‐Roman east that is one of the most important achievements of Miaphysitism in the Syriac‐speaking world.Less
This final chapter investigates how the kind of political and historical ideas employed among Syriac‐speaking Miaphysites in Mesopotamia were exported elsewhere in the Roman world, focl1sing on the border zones of Rome's conflict with Persia, on Yemen (Himyar) and the lands controlled by the Ghassanid Arab federation (centred in modern‐day northern Jordan). The persecuted missionary church of Miaphysites exported a distinctive paradigm ofhistory, by which new Christian territories such as Himyar could repeat the defining moments of Christian nationhood, the experience of martyrdom and the overthrow of the Jews. Moreover, while this struggle was part of a wider struggle against the Jews, it did not tie Himyar into the political orbit of the Roman lfmpire. It is this evolution of a self‐sufficient political thought in the communities of the late Roman and post‐Roman east that is one of the most important achievements of Miaphysitism in the Syriac‐speaking world.
William Cloonan
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781786941329
- eISBN:
- 9781789629101
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781786941329.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, American, 19th Century Literature
Frères Ennemis focuses on Franco-American tensions as portrayed in works of literature. An Introduction is followed by nine chapters, each centred on a French or American literary text which shows ...
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Frères Ennemis focuses on Franco-American tensions as portrayed in works of literature. An Introduction is followed by nine chapters, each centred on a French or American literary text which shows the evolution/devolution of the relations between the two nations at a particular point in time. While the heart of the analysis consists of close textual readings, social, cultural and political contexts are introduced to provide a better understanding of the historical reality influencing the individual novels, a reality to which these novels are also responding. Chapters One through Five, covering a period from the mid-1870s to the end of the Cold War, discuss significant aspects of the often fraught relationship in part from the theoretical perspective of Roland Barthes’ theory of modern myth, described in his Mythologies. Barthes’ theory helps situate Franco-American tensions in a paradigmatic structure, which remains supple enough to allow for shifts and reversals within the paradigm. Subsequent chapters explore new French attitudes toward the powerful, potentially dominant influence of American culture on French life. In these sections I argue that recent French fiction displays more openness to the American experience than has existed in the past, and contrast this overture to the new with the relatively static, even indifferent attitude of American writers toward French literature.Less
Frères Ennemis focuses on Franco-American tensions as portrayed in works of literature. An Introduction is followed by nine chapters, each centred on a French or American literary text which shows the evolution/devolution of the relations between the two nations at a particular point in time. While the heart of the analysis consists of close textual readings, social, cultural and political contexts are introduced to provide a better understanding of the historical reality influencing the individual novels, a reality to which these novels are also responding. Chapters One through Five, covering a period from the mid-1870s to the end of the Cold War, discuss significant aspects of the often fraught relationship in part from the theoretical perspective of Roland Barthes’ theory of modern myth, described in his Mythologies. Barthes’ theory helps situate Franco-American tensions in a paradigmatic structure, which remains supple enough to allow for shifts and reversals within the paradigm. Subsequent chapters explore new French attitudes toward the powerful, potentially dominant influence of American culture on French life. In these sections I argue that recent French fiction displays more openness to the American experience than has existed in the past, and contrast this overture to the new with the relatively static, even indifferent attitude of American writers toward French literature.
Charles E. Hill
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199264582
- eISBN:
- 9780191602085
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199264589.003.0010
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
Each of the orthodox Johannophobia paradigm’s three planks identified at the beginning of the study is now shown to be completely insecure. Orthodox Johannophobia and its correlative, gnostic ...
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Each of the orthodox Johannophobia paradigm’s three planks identified at the beginning of the study is now shown to be completely insecure. Orthodox Johannophobia and its correlative, gnostic Johannophilia, have been exposed as little better than scholarly myths, which now must be replaced with expositions more historically responsible. Such expositions should acknowledge the profound influence the Fourth Gospel had on the mainstream Church through most of the second century and that the story of its reception cannot be accurately told without recognizing the common perception of John as a member of a larger authorial corpus.Less
Each of the orthodox Johannophobia paradigm’s three planks identified at the beginning of the study is now shown to be completely insecure. Orthodox Johannophobia and its correlative, gnostic Johannophilia, have been exposed as little better than scholarly myths, which now must be replaced with expositions more historically responsible. Such expositions should acknowledge the profound influence the Fourth Gospel had on the mainstream Church through most of the second century and that the story of its reception cannot be accurately told without recognizing the common perception of John as a member of a larger authorial corpus.
Martin Maiden, John Charles Smith, Maria Goldbach, and Marc-Olivier Hinzelin (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199589982
- eISBN:
- 9780191728884
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199589982.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology, Historical Linguistics
This book uses detailed analysis of data from Romance inflectional morphology to cast new light on the role of autonomous morphological structure in the diachrony and synchrony of the Romance ...
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This book uses detailed analysis of data from Romance inflectional morphology to cast new light on the role of autonomous morphological structure in the diachrony and synchrony of the Romance languages. It constitutes a major contribution to Romance historical morphology in particular, and to our understanding of the nature and importance of morphomic (i.e. morphologically autonomous) structure in language change in general. It will therefore appeal both to Romance linguists and to morphological theorists at large.Less
This book uses detailed analysis of data from Romance inflectional morphology to cast new light on the role of autonomous morphological structure in the diachrony and synchrony of the Romance languages. It constitutes a major contribution to Romance historical morphology in particular, and to our understanding of the nature and importance of morphomic (i.e. morphologically autonomous) structure in language change in general. It will therefore appeal both to Romance linguists and to morphological theorists at large.
Anna Leonova, Joel Pokorny, and Vivianne C. Smith
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198525301
- eISBN:
- 9780191584947
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198525301.003.0011
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience
This chapter evaluates spatial modulation sensitivity under conditions inferred to favour magnocellular (MC) and parvocellular (PC) pathways. Pulsed- and Steady-Pedestal Paradigms revealed ...
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This chapter evaluates spatial modulation sensitivity under conditions inferred to favour magnocellular (MC) and parvocellular (PC) pathways. Pulsed- and Steady-Pedestal Paradigms revealed characteristic differences in spatial frequency processing. Pulsed-Pedestal D6 spatial contrast sensitivity functions are mediated by the PC-pathway. Steady-Pedestal contrast sensitivity functions are mediated by the MC-pathway at low spatial frequencies, and by the PC-pathway above 4 cycles/deg. These data support the hypothesis of a major role for the PC-pathway in achromatic spatial vision.Less
This chapter evaluates spatial modulation sensitivity under conditions inferred to favour magnocellular (MC) and parvocellular (PC) pathways. Pulsed- and Steady-Pedestal Paradigms revealed characteristic differences in spatial frequency processing. Pulsed-Pedestal D6 spatial contrast sensitivity functions are mediated by the PC-pathway. Steady-Pedestal contrast sensitivity functions are mediated by the MC-pathway at low spatial frequencies, and by the PC-pathway above 4 cycles/deg. These data support the hypothesis of a major role for the PC-pathway in achromatic spatial vision.
Daniel R. Brooks, Eric P. Hoberg, and Walter A. Boeger
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226632308
- eISBN:
- 9780226632582
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226632582.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Disease Ecology / Epidemiology
Emerging Infectious Diseases in humans, livestock and crops currently cost the world 1 trillion dollars a year in production losses and treatment costs, more than the GDP of all but 15 countries. ...
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Emerging Infectious Diseases in humans, livestock and crops currently cost the world 1 trillion dollars a year in production losses and treatment costs, more than the GDP of all but 15 countries. Evolutionary analysis of this crisis, based on what is called the Stockholm Paradigm, links the potential for emerging infectious disease outbreaks directly to climate change. Highly specialized pathogens evolve in localized settings in association with one or a few hosts. Climate change and ecological disruption alters geographic distributions, bringing those pathogens into contact with susceptible but previously unexposed hosts. This has been true throughout the history of life on this planet. Human activities during the past 15,000 years, including domestication and agriculture, population growth, conflict and migration, urbanization and globalization have all increased the risk. Technological humanity now faces an existential crisis in global climate change and emerging infectious disease. The time is short, the danger is great, and we are largely unprepared. But we can change that. The very evolutionary specializations that make pathogens a threat for widespread emergence also provide insights into how we can find them before they find us. The DAMA (document - assess - monitor - act) protocol links activities from neighborhood gardens to global surveillance systems that can allow us to anticipate to mitigate emerging disease. We can lower costs to society, limiting the global impact of pathogens and slowing the expanding and accelerating crisis, while buying time for traditional efforts to medicate, vaccinate and eradicate.Less
Emerging Infectious Diseases in humans, livestock and crops currently cost the world 1 trillion dollars a year in production losses and treatment costs, more than the GDP of all but 15 countries. Evolutionary analysis of this crisis, based on what is called the Stockholm Paradigm, links the potential for emerging infectious disease outbreaks directly to climate change. Highly specialized pathogens evolve in localized settings in association with one or a few hosts. Climate change and ecological disruption alters geographic distributions, bringing those pathogens into contact with susceptible but previously unexposed hosts. This has been true throughout the history of life on this planet. Human activities during the past 15,000 years, including domestication and agriculture, population growth, conflict and migration, urbanization and globalization have all increased the risk. Technological humanity now faces an existential crisis in global climate change and emerging infectious disease. The time is short, the danger is great, and we are largely unprepared. But we can change that. The very evolutionary specializations that make pathogens a threat for widespread emergence also provide insights into how we can find them before they find us. The DAMA (document - assess - monitor - act) protocol links activities from neighborhood gardens to global surveillance systems that can allow us to anticipate to mitigate emerging disease. We can lower costs to society, limiting the global impact of pathogens and slowing the expanding and accelerating crisis, while buying time for traditional efforts to medicate, vaccinate and eradicate.
Mattias Kumm
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199582068
- eISBN:
- 9780191739354
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199582068.003.0009
- Subject:
- Law, Philosophy of Law
In A Theory of Constitutional Rights Robert Alexy provides an account of the structure and domain of constitutional rights. The core claim relating to the structure of rights is that constitutional ...
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In A Theory of Constitutional Rights Robert Alexy provides an account of the structure and domain of constitutional rights. The core claim relating to the structure of rights is that constitutional rights are principles and that proportionality analysis is necessarily at the heart of reasoning about what principles require in real contexts. The core claim relating to the proper domain or scope of rights is that there are good grounds for recognizing a general right to liberty and a general right to equality. A conception of rights that shares these two features defines the ‘Rationalist Human Rights Paradigm’ (RHRP). This chapter focuses on the following question: if rights do have the structure and occupy the domain that Alexy suggests, what is the justification for courts setting aside legislation in the name of adjudicating rights? That question is tied to the classical chestnut of an issue that is the legitimacy of judicial review. But it becomes more focused and specific when tied to the particular theory of rights that Alexy defends. The structure of a theory of rights has direct implications for the understanding of the practice of judicial review. What then are the specific problems and best justifications of a practice of judicial review that embraces the RHRP?Less
In A Theory of Constitutional Rights Robert Alexy provides an account of the structure and domain of constitutional rights. The core claim relating to the structure of rights is that constitutional rights are principles and that proportionality analysis is necessarily at the heart of reasoning about what principles require in real contexts. The core claim relating to the proper domain or scope of rights is that there are good grounds for recognizing a general right to liberty and a general right to equality. A conception of rights that shares these two features defines the ‘Rationalist Human Rights Paradigm’ (RHRP). This chapter focuses on the following question: if rights do have the structure and occupy the domain that Alexy suggests, what is the justification for courts setting aside legislation in the name of adjudicating rights? That question is tied to the classical chestnut of an issue that is the legitimacy of judicial review. But it becomes more focused and specific when tied to the particular theory of rights that Alexy defends. The structure of a theory of rights has direct implications for the understanding of the practice of judicial review. What then are the specific problems and best justifications of a practice of judicial review that embraces the RHRP?
Josef W. Konvitz
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781784992903
- eISBN:
- 9781526103970
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781784992903.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
Paradigm shifts in economic governance have occurred at intervals of a century or more; we may be at a point of transition comparable to that of the early 20th century, a point of conjuncture between ...
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Paradigm shifts in economic governance have occurred at intervals of a century or more; we may be at a point of transition comparable to that of the early 20th century, a point of conjuncture between short and long term trends. History becomes all the more relevant therefore because there is no living experience of what such a paradigm shift entails. It is part of a process by which crises are resolved when the previous paradigm no longer provides effective or credible solutions. The challenge today, to make cities safer in the 21st century, calls attention to problems which the macro-economic and sectoral policy frameworks of the 20th century are ill-equipped to address. Each paradigm shift in the past was associated with a major increase in the scale of urbanization. This analysis introduces the distinction between meta-regulation, which operates at the level of a paradigm, and regulation in the form of specific roles. Meta-regulation helps to keep the entire system going in reference to basic values, defined in terms of society’s deepest hopes and fears.Less
Paradigm shifts in economic governance have occurred at intervals of a century or more; we may be at a point of transition comparable to that of the early 20th century, a point of conjuncture between short and long term trends. History becomes all the more relevant therefore because there is no living experience of what such a paradigm shift entails. It is part of a process by which crises are resolved when the previous paradigm no longer provides effective or credible solutions. The challenge today, to make cities safer in the 21st century, calls attention to problems which the macro-economic and sectoral policy frameworks of the 20th century are ill-equipped to address. Each paradigm shift in the past was associated with a major increase in the scale of urbanization. This analysis introduces the distinction between meta-regulation, which operates at the level of a paradigm, and regulation in the form of specific roles. Meta-regulation helps to keep the entire system going in reference to basic values, defined in terms of society’s deepest hopes and fears.
Rodrigo Magalhães
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- October 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198867333
- eISBN:
- 9780191904097
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198867333.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies
As a topic, organization design is poorly understood. While it is featured in most management textbooks as a chapter dedicated to organizational structures, it is unclear whether organization design ...
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As a topic, organization design is poorly understood. While it is featured in most management textbooks as a chapter dedicated to organizational structures, it is unclear whether organization design is a one-off event or an ongoing process. Thus, it has traditionally been understood to be the same as an organizational configuration, with neat lines of communication and distribution of responsibilities, following pre-set typologies. However, what can be said to constitute organizational structure in this first half of the 21st century? The extraordinary growth of digital communications, the decreasing relevance of hierarchical bureaucracies, and the general demise of command-and-control have all but decimated the traditional notion of organizational structure. In this book it is argued that organization design needs a theoretical revamping. Using a mix of design and social sciences theories and concepts, the new approach is divided into three parts: design logics, design processes, and design leadership. A generic definition of organization design logics is offered, as a set of beliefs shared by managers and entrepreneurs in given sectors of the economy about the way organizations should be designed. Five logics and three types of designing processes are put forward. Logics: (1) the identity logic, (2) the normative logic, (3) the service logic, (4) the logic of effectual reasoning, (5) the logic of interactive structure. Processes: (1) intended design, (2) emergent design, (3) perceived design. For the leadership part, a model of leaderful organization design(ing) is proposed, with the following distinguishing features: (a) practice-based, (b) guided by values of democratic participation, (c) places meaning-making and meaning-taking at the centre of organizational life, (d) driven by design logics, which can be adopted and adapted to suit different internal and external environments.Less
As a topic, organization design is poorly understood. While it is featured in most management textbooks as a chapter dedicated to organizational structures, it is unclear whether organization design is a one-off event or an ongoing process. Thus, it has traditionally been understood to be the same as an organizational configuration, with neat lines of communication and distribution of responsibilities, following pre-set typologies. However, what can be said to constitute organizational structure in this first half of the 21st century? The extraordinary growth of digital communications, the decreasing relevance of hierarchical bureaucracies, and the general demise of command-and-control have all but decimated the traditional notion of organizational structure. In this book it is argued that organization design needs a theoretical revamping. Using a mix of design and social sciences theories and concepts, the new approach is divided into three parts: design logics, design processes, and design leadership. A generic definition of organization design logics is offered, as a set of beliefs shared by managers and entrepreneurs in given sectors of the economy about the way organizations should be designed. Five logics and three types of designing processes are put forward. Logics: (1) the identity logic, (2) the normative logic, (3) the service logic, (4) the logic of effectual reasoning, (5) the logic of interactive structure. Processes: (1) intended design, (2) emergent design, (3) perceived design. For the leadership part, a model of leaderful organization design(ing) is proposed, with the following distinguishing features: (a) practice-based, (b) guided by values of democratic participation, (c) places meaning-making and meaning-taking at the centre of organizational life, (d) driven by design logics, which can be adopted and adapted to suit different internal and external environments.
Laurel E. Fletcher
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520261761
- eISBN:
- 9780520945227
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520261761.003.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, American and Canadian Cultural Anthropology
The Bush Administration, within days of 9/11, began developing what came to be known as “the New Paradigm” for the “war on terror,” under which the president authorized “a new, ad hoc system of ...
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The Bush Administration, within days of 9/11, began developing what came to be known as “the New Paradigm” for the “war on terror,” under which the president authorized “a new, ad hoc system of detention and interrogation that operated outside any previously known coherent body of law.” This book presents interviews with 62 former detainees held in U.S. custody in Afghanistan and Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, as well as 50 U.S. government officials, representatives of nongovernmental organizations, attorneys representing detainees, and former U.S. military and civilian personnel who had been stationed in Guantánamo or Afghanistan in order to answer questions regarding the detention and interrogation. A high degree of consistency is found when comparing the patterns and trends in the interview data with data on detention and interrogation procedures in documents released by the Department of Defense and reports published by the U.S. government, independent organizations, and the media.Less
The Bush Administration, within days of 9/11, began developing what came to be known as “the New Paradigm” for the “war on terror,” under which the president authorized “a new, ad hoc system of detention and interrogation that operated outside any previously known coherent body of law.” This book presents interviews with 62 former detainees held in U.S. custody in Afghanistan and Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, as well as 50 U.S. government officials, representatives of nongovernmental organizations, attorneys representing detainees, and former U.S. military and civilian personnel who had been stationed in Guantánamo or Afghanistan in order to answer questions regarding the detention and interrogation. A high degree of consistency is found when comparing the patterns and trends in the interview data with data on detention and interrogation procedures in documents released by the Department of Defense and reports published by the U.S. government, independent organizations, and the media.
Kalpana Rahita Seshadri
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816677887
- eISBN:
- 9781452948249
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816677887.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
This chapter cites historical examples of life that thrive on the suspension of law’s relation to language, explaining how a life that is marked by the singularity of an exceptional situation pretend ...
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This chapter cites historical examples of life that thrive on the suspension of law’s relation to language, explaining how a life that is marked by the singularity of an exceptional situation pretend to exhibit the sense of belonging to a class. It focuses on Giorgio Agamben’s essay What Is a Paradigm?, which analyzes the role of homo sacer and the musselman in establishing a broader historical-problematic context. The chapter concludes with a clarification to the meaning of “paradigm”, in which Agamben and Michel Foucault suggest that it is a definitive methodological tool in any archaeological investigation that is concerned with the politics of epistemology.Less
This chapter cites historical examples of life that thrive on the suspension of law’s relation to language, explaining how a life that is marked by the singularity of an exceptional situation pretend to exhibit the sense of belonging to a class. It focuses on Giorgio Agamben’s essay What Is a Paradigm?, which analyzes the role of homo sacer and the musselman in establishing a broader historical-problematic context. The chapter concludes with a clarification to the meaning of “paradigm”, in which Agamben and Michel Foucault suggest that it is a definitive methodological tool in any archaeological investigation that is concerned with the politics of epistemology.
William Cloonan
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781786941329
- eISBN:
- 9781789629101
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781786941329.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, American, 19th Century Literature
The Introduction explains that this study will focus on close readings of selected French and German novels to indicate the evolution and devolution of Franco-American images of each other. Roland ...
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The Introduction explains that this study will focus on close readings of selected French and German novels to indicate the evolution and devolution of Franco-American images of each other. Roland Barthes’s theory of modern myth will be used in some chapters, but not in all. For each chapter historical and cultural background is provided.Less
The Introduction explains that this study will focus on close readings of selected French and German novels to indicate the evolution and devolution of Franco-American images of each other. Roland Barthes’s theory of modern myth will be used in some chapters, but not in all. For each chapter historical and cultural background is provided.
William Cloonan
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781786941329
- eISBN:
- 9781789629101
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781786941329.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, American, 19th Century Literature
The chapter deals with a woman’s triumph in a man’s world during the Gilded Age. It chronicles the American take-over of a large section of Paris which becomes an American colony. The main character ...
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The chapter deals with a woman’s triumph in a man’s world during the Gilded Age. It chronicles the American take-over of a large section of Paris which becomes an American colony. The main character is a beautiful American woman, more cunning than intelligent, who uses her wits, and willingness to divorce and remarry to make her name in a largely Americanized Paris.Less
The chapter deals with a woman’s triumph in a man’s world during the Gilded Age. It chronicles the American take-over of a large section of Paris which becomes an American colony. The main character is a beautiful American woman, more cunning than intelligent, who uses her wits, and willingness to divorce and remarry to make her name in a largely Americanized Paris.
John M. Henderson
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195084627
- eISBN:
- 9780199847167
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195084627.003.0013
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
The chapter focuses on the often neglected aspect of the perceptual experience—the impact and effect of the visual process on our attention-action interface. The chapter utilizes studies on eye ...
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The chapter focuses on the often neglected aspect of the perceptual experience—the impact and effect of the visual process on our attention-action interface. The chapter utilizes studies on eye movement control to explore further the linkage between action and perception. A selection function is ascribed to the visual system, which causes an intended motor action to be directed at a specific object within the visual field. This selective capability links the various visual representations with visual processing and motor programming. Succeeding sections explore the concept of visual attention further and its relationship to eye movements, citing studies using the Moving Window Paradigm, the Sequential Attention Model, and Feature Integration Theory. These studies support the theory that visual attention precedes saccadic eye movement to a specific location of a stimulus in the visual field, and enables the motor system to bind the said location with a motor action.Less
The chapter focuses on the often neglected aspect of the perceptual experience—the impact and effect of the visual process on our attention-action interface. The chapter utilizes studies on eye movement control to explore further the linkage between action and perception. A selection function is ascribed to the visual system, which causes an intended motor action to be directed at a specific object within the visual field. This selective capability links the various visual representations with visual processing and motor programming. Succeeding sections explore the concept of visual attention further and its relationship to eye movements, citing studies using the Moving Window Paradigm, the Sequential Attention Model, and Feature Integration Theory. These studies support the theory that visual attention precedes saccadic eye movement to a specific location of a stimulus in the visual field, and enables the motor system to bind the said location with a motor action.
Dan Laughey
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748623808
- eISBN:
- 9780748653034
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748623808.003.0004
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This chapter follows on closely from the previous one by seeking to conceptualise music consumption and its necessary ‘other’ — production — within a paradigmatic framework that suspends orthodox ...
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This chapter follows on closely from the previous one by seeking to conceptualise music consumption and its necessary ‘other’ — production — within a paradigmatic framework that suspends orthodox structuralist models of hegemony polarised by dominant and subordinate socio-economic classes, in favour of dynamic interactionist models which systematically explore concrete, everyday cultural practices. These dynamic interactionist approaches to cultural practices do not all neatly fit into the same ‘spectacle, narcissism, and performance’ framework, but they necessarily contain elements of the Spectacle/Performance Paradigm in their movement away from structural Marxism. After first evaluating the most ground-breaking theories into everyday consumption and production, it applies those theories of greater usefulness for the aims of this research to the relative merits of studies into audiences and — more pressingly — performances.Less
This chapter follows on closely from the previous one by seeking to conceptualise music consumption and its necessary ‘other’ — production — within a paradigmatic framework that suspends orthodox structuralist models of hegemony polarised by dominant and subordinate socio-economic classes, in favour of dynamic interactionist models which systematically explore concrete, everyday cultural practices. These dynamic interactionist approaches to cultural practices do not all neatly fit into the same ‘spectacle, narcissism, and performance’ framework, but they necessarily contain elements of the Spectacle/Performance Paradigm in their movement away from structural Marxism. After first evaluating the most ground-breaking theories into everyday consumption and production, it applies those theories of greater usefulness for the aims of this research to the relative merits of studies into audiences and — more pressingly — performances.
Paul Smyth and Christopher Deeming
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781447332497
- eISBN:
- 9781447332534
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447332497.003.0015
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy
What have learned? Are we talking about a coherent shift in social policy perspective? What have we learned about the challenges ahead for strengthening welfare systems, and for economic and ...
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What have learned? Are we talking about a coherent shift in social policy perspective? What have we learned about the challenges ahead for strengthening welfare systems, and for economic and sustainable growth for all. In this final chapter we will critically consider the perspectives, and ask whether they are simply saying the same thing with different accents (e.g. different disciplinary and country foci) and whether or the extent to which they have different/unique features. Summary tables will be included to summarise approaches and lessons learned.Less
What have learned? Are we talking about a coherent shift in social policy perspective? What have we learned about the challenges ahead for strengthening welfare systems, and for economic and sustainable growth for all. In this final chapter we will critically consider the perspectives, and ask whether they are simply saying the same thing with different accents (e.g. different disciplinary and country foci) and whether or the extent to which they have different/unique features. Summary tables will be included to summarise approaches and lessons learned.
Bryan G. Norton
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780195093971
- eISBN:
- 9780197560723
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780195093971.003.0009
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmentalist Thought and Ideology
Aldo Leopold died in 1948, of a heart attack suffered while fighting a brushfire that threatened the pines he and his family had planted at the shack. By dint of his strong personality, scientific ...
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Aldo Leopold died in 1948, of a heart attack suffered while fighting a brushfire that threatened the pines he and his family had planted at the shack. By dint of his strong personality, scientific curiosity, and near-universal respect from professional colleagues and nonprofessional wilderness advocates alike, Leopold had personified the search for a unified vision to guide human use of the land and offered a unifying model for conservationists. His death, at the height of his intellectual and leadership powers, left the movement effectively rudderless. The country was at the time being swept away by the postwar economic boom and a new period of unrestrained economic growth pushed environmental concerns off the political agenda. Stephen Rauschenbush, writing in 1952, said, “Conservation is in danger of becoming a lost cause” and provided a list of five “forces and events that had battered away at the old ideal.” Grant McConnell similarly described the conservation movement in 1954 as “small, divided and frequently uncertain.” Wise-use conservationists and land preservationists appeared in the eyes of their opponents, McConnell lamented, as “but the representatives of particular interest groups and . . . hence no better than those whom they accuse.” But the same economic growth that placed conservationists on the defensive in the late 1940s and 1950s created a new demographic situation, including a baby boom that resulted eventually in a large surge in the youthful segment of the population. Increasing incomes allowed discretionary spending on amenities. Outdoor recreation became more popular and vacation homes near the shore or in the mountains proliferated as more families chose to spend time in areas with natural amenities. Environmental historian Samuel Hays explains the resulting shift as focusing interest and concern increasingly on the quality of life. New social, economic, and demographic factors created a context in which the older conservationist concerns about efficient development and use of material resources—concerns with production—were replaced, in the postwar era, with increasing concern with the consumption side of the picture. These changes created a new constituency for environmental groups.
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Aldo Leopold died in 1948, of a heart attack suffered while fighting a brushfire that threatened the pines he and his family had planted at the shack. By dint of his strong personality, scientific curiosity, and near-universal respect from professional colleagues and nonprofessional wilderness advocates alike, Leopold had personified the search for a unified vision to guide human use of the land and offered a unifying model for conservationists. His death, at the height of his intellectual and leadership powers, left the movement effectively rudderless. The country was at the time being swept away by the postwar economic boom and a new period of unrestrained economic growth pushed environmental concerns off the political agenda. Stephen Rauschenbush, writing in 1952, said, “Conservation is in danger of becoming a lost cause” and provided a list of five “forces and events that had battered away at the old ideal.” Grant McConnell similarly described the conservation movement in 1954 as “small, divided and frequently uncertain.” Wise-use conservationists and land preservationists appeared in the eyes of their opponents, McConnell lamented, as “but the representatives of particular interest groups and . . . hence no better than those whom they accuse.” But the same economic growth that placed conservationists on the defensive in the late 1940s and 1950s created a new demographic situation, including a baby boom that resulted eventually in a large surge in the youthful segment of the population. Increasing incomes allowed discretionary spending on amenities. Outdoor recreation became more popular and vacation homes near the shore or in the mountains proliferated as more families chose to spend time in areas with natural amenities. Environmental historian Samuel Hays explains the resulting shift as focusing interest and concern increasingly on the quality of life. New social, economic, and demographic factors created a context in which the older conservationist concerns about efficient development and use of material resources—concerns with production—were replaced, in the postwar era, with increasing concern with the consumption side of the picture. These changes created a new constituency for environmental groups.
Nayan B. Ruparelia
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262529099
- eISBN:
- 9780262334129
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262529099.003.0003
- Subject:
- Computer Science, Programming Languages
This chapter addresses the following questions: Why cloud computing? What is so special about cloud computing? How will it affect you, your work, and our society? Just as Microsoft Windows became ...
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This chapter addresses the following questions: Why cloud computing? What is so special about cloud computing? How will it affect you, your work, and our society? Just as Microsoft Windows became ubiquitous at home and work, and changed our lives, cloud computing represents a paradigm shift. This is because cloud computing is an enabling technology that bypasses many functions provided by your computer, the software installedon it, your workplace’s IT and finance departments, businesses and government departments. Cloud computing’s paradigm shift is considered from three different viewpoints: (1) how it should affect you socially and personally, (2) how it will affect you in your work, and (3) how it will affect businesses.The personal paradigm shift viewpoint is extended using a novel concept: a cloud of things and services. Such a cloud serves an internet-of-things device and, by the application of service automation, it further provides related services on a personal basis. The combination of a cloud of things and a process-as-a-service deployment model culminates in a Cloud of Things and Services (COTS).Less
This chapter addresses the following questions: Why cloud computing? What is so special about cloud computing? How will it affect you, your work, and our society? Just as Microsoft Windows became ubiquitous at home and work, and changed our lives, cloud computing represents a paradigm shift. This is because cloud computing is an enabling technology that bypasses many functions provided by your computer, the software installedon it, your workplace’s IT and finance departments, businesses and government departments. Cloud computing’s paradigm shift is considered from three different viewpoints: (1) how it should affect you socially and personally, (2) how it will affect you in your work, and (3) how it will affect businesses.The personal paradigm shift viewpoint is extended using a novel concept: a cloud of things and services. Such a cloud serves an internet-of-things device and, by the application of service automation, it further provides related services on a personal basis. The combination of a cloud of things and a process-as-a-service deployment model culminates in a Cloud of Things and Services (COTS).
