Ian Breward
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198263562
- eISBN:
- 9780191600418
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198263562.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
British and French missions and colonization were closely related. The pace of Christianization varied, for Pacific Islanders and Aborigines were not just passive recipients, but actively sought ...
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British and French missions and colonization were closely related. The pace of Christianization varied, for Pacific Islanders and Aborigines were not just passive recipients, but actively sought advantages from conversion and formed adjustment cults. As migration increased, settler churches were formed. Lay participation was stronger than in their homelands. Resistance to the principle of establishment was considerable, though government subsidies to churches were important in certain Australian colonies.Less
British and French missions and colonization were closely related. The pace of Christianization varied, for Pacific Islanders and Aborigines were not just passive recipients, but actively sought advantages from conversion and formed adjustment cults. As migration increased, settler churches were formed. Lay participation was stronger than in their homelands. Resistance to the principle of establishment was considerable, though government subsidies to churches were important in certain Australian colonies.
Mac Marshall
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824836856
- eISBN:
- 9780824871123
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824836856.003.0008
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Pacific Studies
This chapter chronicles and examines the effects of tobacco use—primarily cigarette smoking—on the health and socioeconomic well-being of Pacific Islanders. The “smoking diseases” were prominent in ...
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This chapter chronicles and examines the effects of tobacco use—primarily cigarette smoking—on the health and socioeconomic well-being of Pacific Islanders. The “smoking diseases” were prominent in their contribution to these discrepancies, notably cancer mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality, which were the major contributor to ethnic differences in life expectancy. In particular, lung cancer featured increasingly among Pacific males—but not Pacific females. Between 1990 and 2005, smoking prevalence by Pacific Islander adults fluctuated around a mean of 32 to 33 percent, but of concern was an increase in smoking by Pacific Islander women from 22.6 percent in 1996 to 27.3 percent in 2006.Less
This chapter chronicles and examines the effects of tobacco use—primarily cigarette smoking—on the health and socioeconomic well-being of Pacific Islanders. The “smoking diseases” were prominent in their contribution to these discrepancies, notably cancer mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality, which were the major contributor to ethnic differences in life expectancy. In particular, lung cancer featured increasingly among Pacific males—but not Pacific females. Between 1990 and 2005, smoking prevalence by Pacific Islander adults fluctuated around a mean of 32 to 33 percent, but of concern was an increase in smoking by Pacific Islander women from 22.6 percent in 1996 to 27.3 percent in 2006.
Matthew Kester
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199844913
- eISBN:
- 9780199332670
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199844913.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter investigates Iosepa in public memory. It describes the restoration of the abandoned town site and the cemetery at Iosepa, as well as the commemorative activities at the centennial ...
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This chapter investigates Iosepa in public memory. It describes the restoration of the abandoned town site and the cemetery at Iosepa, as well as the commemorative activities at the centennial celebration in 1989. The research is based on interviews with attendees and records from the Iosepa Historical Society, the organization that oversaw all commemorative and restoration activities. The chapter also examines the ways that contemporary Pacific Islander communities have used the narrative of Iosepa as a historical metaphor for their lived experiences in the diaspora, using religious language and historical analogy to connect with the larger narratives of pioneering and Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints history in the Salt Lake Valley.Less
This chapter investigates Iosepa in public memory. It describes the restoration of the abandoned town site and the cemetery at Iosepa, as well as the commemorative activities at the centennial celebration in 1989. The research is based on interviews with attendees and records from the Iosepa Historical Society, the organization that oversaw all commemorative and restoration activities. The chapter also examines the ways that contemporary Pacific Islander communities have used the narrative of Iosepa as a historical metaphor for their lived experiences in the diaspora, using religious language and historical analogy to connect with the larger narratives of pioneering and Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints history in the Salt Lake Valley.
Carol Easley Allen and Cheryl E. Easley
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195171853
- eISBN:
- 9780199865352
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195171853.003.0003
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter describes the impact of social injustice on the health of racial and ethnic minorities, the roots and underlying issues of this social injustice, specific implications of social ...
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This chapter describes the impact of social injustice on the health of racial and ethnic minorities, the roots and underlying issues of this social injustice, specific implications of social injustice for racial and ethnic minorities, and an agenda of what needs to be done. This agenda includes ensuring cultural confidence among health professionals and institutions, increasing recruitment and retention of minority youth into health professions, attending to clear health communication to address health literacy problems, reducing poverty and addressing factors that create poverty, addressing racial discrimination, and performing research.Less
This chapter describes the impact of social injustice on the health of racial and ethnic minorities, the roots and underlying issues of this social injustice, specific implications of social injustice for racial and ethnic minorities, and an agenda of what needs to be done. This agenda includes ensuring cultural confidence among health professionals and institutions, increasing recruitment and retention of minority youth into health professions, attending to clear health communication to address health literacy problems, reducing poverty and addressing factors that create poverty, addressing racial discrimination, and performing research.
Teresia K. Teaiwa
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816665051
- eISBN:
- 9781452946320
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816665051.003.0002
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
This chapter suggests that the bikini bathing suit manifests both a celebration and a forgetting of the nuclear power that strategically and materially marginalizes and erases the living history of ...
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This chapter suggests that the bikini bathing suit manifests both a celebration and a forgetting of the nuclear power that strategically and materially marginalizes and erases the living history of Pacific Islanders. By analyzing militarist, nuclear, and touristic discourses on Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands, it demonstrates the feminization and sexualization of nuclear colonialism while elaborating how empires have been engendered through the deformation and violation of Pacific Islander bodies. It describes the bikini bathing suit as a testament to the recurring tourist trivialization of Pacific Islanders’ experience and existence. By drawing attention to a sexualized and supposedly depoliticized female body, the bikini distracts from the colonial and highly political origins of its name. The sexist dynamic the bikini performs—objectification through excessive visibility—inverts the colonial dynamics that have occurred during nuclear testing in the Pacific, that is, objectification by rendering invisible.Less
This chapter suggests that the bikini bathing suit manifests both a celebration and a forgetting of the nuclear power that strategically and materially marginalizes and erases the living history of Pacific Islanders. By analyzing militarist, nuclear, and touristic discourses on Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands, it demonstrates the feminization and sexualization of nuclear colonialism while elaborating how empires have been engendered through the deformation and violation of Pacific Islander bodies. It describes the bikini bathing suit as a testament to the recurring tourist trivialization of Pacific Islanders’ experience and existence. By drawing attention to a sexualized and supposedly depoliticized female body, the bikini distracts from the colonial and highly political origins of its name. The sexist dynamic the bikini performs—objectification through excessive visibility—inverts the colonial dynamics that have occurred during nuclear testing in the Pacific, that is, objectification by rendering invisible.
Ian Breward
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198263562
- eISBN:
- 9780191600418
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198263562.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
Missionary expansion and consolidation continued, with French and German missions joining British ones in Melanesia and Papua New Guinea. Aboriginal missions were recommenced in Northern Australia. ...
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Missionary expansion and consolidation continued, with French and German missions joining British ones in Melanesia and Papua New Guinea. Aboriginal missions were recommenced in Northern Australia. Hundreds of Pacific Islanders were a vital part of this missionary expansion, demonstrating the strength of their churches. Colonial denominations reflected the energies and tensions of their parent bodies in their response to urbanization, doctorial and intellectual challenges, as well as the constant pressures of settlement expansionLess
Missionary expansion and consolidation continued, with French and German missions joining British ones in Melanesia and Papua New Guinea. Aboriginal missions were recommenced in Northern Australia. Hundreds of Pacific Islanders were a vital part of this missionary expansion, demonstrating the strength of their churches. Colonial denominations reflected the energies and tensions of their parent bodies in their response to urbanization, doctorial and intellectual challenges, as well as the constant pressures of settlement expansion
Greg Dvorak
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780824855765
- eISBN:
- 9780824875596
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824855765.003.0015
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
There is a profound lack of awareness among younger generations about Japan’s prewar engagement with the Pacific Islands, let alone other colonial sites, yet arguably, this amnesia is not a ...
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There is a profound lack of awareness among younger generations about Japan’s prewar engagement with the Pacific Islands, let alone other colonial sites, yet arguably, this amnesia is not a spontaneous phenomenon. Forgetting about Micronesia and erasing it from the Japanese mass consciousness was a project in which both Japanese and American postwar forces were complicit. Focusing on stories of Japanese amnesia and selective memory in the Marshall Islands, this chapter explores the Marshallese notion of “closing the sea,” how U.S. power has long been a mediating factor in why Japanese forget their Pacific past, and also why Marshall Islanders remember it.Less
There is a profound lack of awareness among younger generations about Japan’s prewar engagement with the Pacific Islands, let alone other colonial sites, yet arguably, this amnesia is not a spontaneous phenomenon. Forgetting about Micronesia and erasing it from the Japanese mass consciousness was a project in which both Japanese and American postwar forces were complicit. Focusing on stories of Japanese amnesia and selective memory in the Marshall Islands, this chapter explores the Marshallese notion of “closing the sea,” how U.S. power has long been a mediating factor in why Japanese forget their Pacific past, and also why Marshall Islanders remember it.
Geoffrey Clark
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780813054346
- eISBN:
- 9780813053073
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813054346.003.0008
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
Above all, early meetings between islanders and Europeans in the Pacific were maritime encounters that frequently included inter-group violence. A tendency toward violence is noteworthy because many ...
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Above all, early meetings between islanders and Europeans in the Pacific were maritime encounters that frequently included inter-group violence. A tendency toward violence is noteworthy because many societies in Oceania had pre-existing seaborne connections with other islands involving trade, raiding-warfare, and marriage, with a particular maritime activity implicit in the type of craft and nature of the crew involved. This chaper explores the maritime systems of Pacific Islanders and how these influenced islander responses to Western ships and crew. It uses ethnohitorical data to reconstruct Pacific Islanders’ voyaging spheres, and explain how several Pacific Islander societies in Oceania read the crew composition and voyage purpose of European arrivals from features of their vessels. This indogenous-centered perspective reveals how cross-cultural misunderstandings contributed to an early tier of violent social relations.Less
Above all, early meetings between islanders and Europeans in the Pacific were maritime encounters that frequently included inter-group violence. A tendency toward violence is noteworthy because many societies in Oceania had pre-existing seaborne connections with other islands involving trade, raiding-warfare, and marriage, with a particular maritime activity implicit in the type of craft and nature of the crew involved. This chaper explores the maritime systems of Pacific Islanders and how these influenced islander responses to Western ships and crew. It uses ethnohitorical data to reconstruct Pacific Islanders’ voyaging spheres, and explain how several Pacific Islander societies in Oceania read the crew composition and voyage purpose of European arrivals from features of their vessels. This indogenous-centered perspective reveals how cross-cultural misunderstandings contributed to an early tier of violent social relations.
Jennifer Hay, Margaret Maclagan, and Elizabeth Gordon
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748625291
- eISBN:
- 9780748651542
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748625291.003.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, English Language
This chapter discusses the geography, demography, and culture of New Zealand; the arrival of the Maori; the arrival of Europeans; the European settlement of New Zealand; the origins of the early ...
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This chapter discusses the geography, demography, and culture of New Zealand; the arrival of the Maori; the arrival of Europeans; the European settlement of New Zealand; the origins of the early European settlers; the late nineteenth century; New Zealand in the early twentieth century; Maori in the twentieth century; socioeconomic class; the anti-nuclear policy; New Zealand in the twenty-first century; population distribution; the Maori language in New Zealand; Pacific Islanders in New Zealand; the Asian population in New Zealand; and relations with Australia.Less
This chapter discusses the geography, demography, and culture of New Zealand; the arrival of the Maori; the arrival of Europeans; the European settlement of New Zealand; the origins of the early European settlers; the late nineteenth century; New Zealand in the early twentieth century; Maori in the twentieth century; socioeconomic class; the anti-nuclear policy; New Zealand in the twenty-first century; population distribution; the Maori language in New Zealand; Pacific Islanders in New Zealand; the Asian population in New Zealand; and relations with Australia.
Patrick D. Nunn
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824832193
- eISBN:
- 9780824870188
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824832193.003.0005
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Pacific Studies
This chapter explains when and how humans reached the Pacific Basin and spread across it. When humans first encountered the Pacific Ocean, the available indications are that they did not think much ...
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This chapter explains when and how humans reached the Pacific Basin and spread across it. When humans first encountered the Pacific Ocean, the available indications are that they did not think much of it, perceiving it as a barrier rather than an opportunity. It took perhaps 10,000 years of intermittent contact with the ocean for the relationship to change significantly and for the first coastal-dwelling humans in the Pacific to come to depend on marine foods. This change may have taken place initially when humans from southern China moved south into Southeast Asia. As people began to make more use of ocean foods, they naturally became more adept at interacting with the ocean. They devised innovative techniques for collecting marine foods, developing the technology and vessels to enable them to venture increasingly farther offshore in search of foods from deeper waters.Less
This chapter explains when and how humans reached the Pacific Basin and spread across it. When humans first encountered the Pacific Ocean, the available indications are that they did not think much of it, perceiving it as a barrier rather than an opportunity. It took perhaps 10,000 years of intermittent contact with the ocean for the relationship to change significantly and for the first coastal-dwelling humans in the Pacific to come to depend on marine foods. This change may have taken place initially when humans from southern China moved south into Southeast Asia. As people began to make more use of ocean foods, they naturally became more adept at interacting with the ocean. They devised innovative techniques for collecting marine foods, developing the technology and vessels to enable them to venture increasingly farther offshore in search of foods from deeper waters.
Graeme Were
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824833848
- eISBN:
- 9780824870454
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824833848.003.0006
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Pacific Studies
This chapter aims to address self-fashioning and the body through an analysis of patterns on cloth and clothing brought into the region by Europeans. Taking Melanesia as the focal point, it traces ...
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This chapter aims to address self-fashioning and the body through an analysis of patterns on cloth and clothing brought into the region by Europeans. Taking Melanesia as the focal point, it traces the divergent perceptions of cloth and clothing as a form of newly introduced material, from a missionary and local perspective, as it circulated through nineteenth-century trade networks. It explores its appropriation and, in some cases, its radical transformation into forms that strike connections with existing pattern systems. By examining the promises that new materials brought to the region, the chapter advances the proposition that the adoption of cloth and clothing in Melanesia was central to “being modern” and led to the creation of a new religious being that brought old ideas into the new. In short, while the preceding chapters have examined indigenous patterns, the concern here is how foreign patterns carried by cloth and clothing played an instrumental role in engaging Pacific Islanders and helping them shape changing social relations.Less
This chapter aims to address self-fashioning and the body through an analysis of patterns on cloth and clothing brought into the region by Europeans. Taking Melanesia as the focal point, it traces the divergent perceptions of cloth and clothing as a form of newly introduced material, from a missionary and local perspective, as it circulated through nineteenth-century trade networks. It explores its appropriation and, in some cases, its radical transformation into forms that strike connections with existing pattern systems. By examining the promises that new materials brought to the region, the chapter advances the proposition that the adoption of cloth and clothing in Melanesia was central to “being modern” and led to the creation of a new religious being that brought old ideas into the new. In short, while the preceding chapters have examined indigenous patterns, the concern here is how foreign patterns carried by cloth and clothing played an instrumental role in engaging Pacific Islanders and helping them shape changing social relations.
Mac Marshall
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824836856
- eISBN:
- 9780824871123
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824836856.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Pacific Studies
Tobacco kills five million people every year and that number is expected to double by the year 2020. This book combines a search of historical materials on the introduction and spread of tobacco in ...
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Tobacco kills five million people every year and that number is expected to double by the year 2020. This book combines a search of historical materials on the introduction and spread of tobacco in the Pacific with extensive anthropological accounts of the ways Islanders have incorporated this substance into their lives. The book uses a relatively new concept called a syndemic to focus on the health of a community, political and economic structures, and the wider physical and social environment and ultimately provide an in-depth analysis of smoking's negative health impact in Oceania. In the book, the idea of a syndemic is applied to the current health crisis in the Pacific, where the number of deaths from coronary heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease continues to rise, and the case is made that smoking tobacco in the form of industrially manufactured cigarettes is the keystone of the contemporary syndemic in Oceania. The book shows how tobacco consumption has become the central interstitial element of a syndemic that produces most of the morbidity and mortality Pacific Islanders suffer. This syndemic is made up of a bundle of diseases and conditions, a set of historical circumstances and events, and social and health inequities most easily summed up as “poverty.” The book calls this the tobacco syndemic and argues that smoking is the crucial behavior—the “glue”—holding all of these diseases and conditions together.Less
Tobacco kills five million people every year and that number is expected to double by the year 2020. This book combines a search of historical materials on the introduction and spread of tobacco in the Pacific with extensive anthropological accounts of the ways Islanders have incorporated this substance into their lives. The book uses a relatively new concept called a syndemic to focus on the health of a community, political and economic structures, and the wider physical and social environment and ultimately provide an in-depth analysis of smoking's negative health impact in Oceania. In the book, the idea of a syndemic is applied to the current health crisis in the Pacific, where the number of deaths from coronary heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease continues to rise, and the case is made that smoking tobacco in the form of industrially manufactured cigarettes is the keystone of the contemporary syndemic in Oceania. The book shows how tobacco consumption has become the central interstitial element of a syndemic that produces most of the morbidity and mortality Pacific Islanders suffer. This syndemic is made up of a bundle of diseases and conditions, a set of historical circumstances and events, and social and health inequities most easily summed up as “poverty.” The book calls this the tobacco syndemic and argues that smoking is the crucial behavior—the “glue”—holding all of these diseases and conditions together.
Peter Hempenstall
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824833664
- eISBN:
- 9780824870355
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824833664.003.0020
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This chapter considers the myriad cases presented during the symposium “Changing Contexts—Shifting Meanings: Transformations of Cultural Traditions in Oceania”, sponsored by the Honolulu Academy of ...
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This chapter considers the myriad cases presented during the symposium “Changing Contexts—Shifting Meanings: Transformations of Cultural Traditions in Oceania”, sponsored by the Honolulu Academy of Arts from February 23–26, 2006. It gathers these cases into some kind of order and highlights the themes of historical importance and explanatory value that the historian might gently encourage his colleagues to remember. It discusses a so-called political economy of cultural transformation, which refers to the transformative potency of material conditions of power imposed upon Pacific Island cultures, largely from outside, but also from within through the disparities of power and resources within Oceanic communities. Between the conflicting priorities of these processes, Oceanians formed their cultural practices in their efforts at cultural preservation as well as in transformation and transculturation.Less
This chapter considers the myriad cases presented during the symposium “Changing Contexts—Shifting Meanings: Transformations of Cultural Traditions in Oceania”, sponsored by the Honolulu Academy of Arts from February 23–26, 2006. It gathers these cases into some kind of order and highlights the themes of historical importance and explanatory value that the historian might gently encourage his colleagues to remember. It discusses a so-called political economy of cultural transformation, which refers to the transformative potency of material conditions of power imposed upon Pacific Island cultures, largely from outside, but also from within through the disparities of power and resources within Oceanic communities. Between the conflicting priorities of these processes, Oceanians formed their cultural practices in their efforts at cultural preservation as well as in transformation and transculturation.
Philippa Levine
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719097898
- eISBN:
- 9781526104403
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719097898.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
By the middle of the eighteenth century, and as European colonialism became a dominating political force, the naked body had come to represent the savagery and backwardness of colonized and ...
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By the middle of the eighteenth century, and as European colonialism became a dominating political force, the naked body had come to represent the savagery and backwardness of colonized and colonisable peoples. Whether depicted as noble savages attuned to the natural world or as wild peoples beyond the remit of civilization, to Britons the state of nakedness increasingly signified distance from civilization and reason. This chapter explores that linkage, firstly through eighteenth-century British representations of Native Americans and Pacific Islanders, and then through an examination of British discourse concerning dance, where an explicit and often alarmed sexualization of the state of undress was paramount well into the twentieth century. This essay proposes, above all, that nakedness is not a simple description nor a state of being but a contested historical marker with very particular and peculiar ties to the generation of ideas regarding the British self and the foreign or colonial other in the British imperial context.Less
By the middle of the eighteenth century, and as European colonialism became a dominating political force, the naked body had come to represent the savagery and backwardness of colonized and colonisable peoples. Whether depicted as noble savages attuned to the natural world or as wild peoples beyond the remit of civilization, to Britons the state of nakedness increasingly signified distance from civilization and reason. This chapter explores that linkage, firstly through eighteenth-century British representations of Native Americans and Pacific Islanders, and then through an examination of British discourse concerning dance, where an explicit and often alarmed sexualization of the state of undress was paramount well into the twentieth century. This essay proposes, above all, that nakedness is not a simple description nor a state of being but a contested historical marker with very particular and peculiar ties to the generation of ideas regarding the British self and the foreign or colonial other in the British imperial context.
Elfriede Hermann (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824833664
- eISBN:
- 9780824870355
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824833664.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This book sheds new light on processes of cultural transformation at work in Oceania and analyzes them as products of interrelationships between culturally created meanings and specific contexts. It ...
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This book sheds new light on processes of cultural transformation at work in Oceania and analyzes them as products of interrelationships between culturally created meanings and specific contexts. It examines these interrelationships for insight into how cultural traditions are shaped on an ongoing basis. Following a critique of how tradition has been viewed in terms of dichotomies like authenticity vs. inauthenticity, the book takes a novel perspective in which tradition figures as context-bound articulation. This makes it possible to view cultural traditions as resulting from interactions between people and the ambient contexts. Such interactions are analyzed from the past down to the Oceanian present—with indigenous agency being highlighted. The work focuses first on early encounters, initially between Pacific Islanders themselves and later with the European navigators of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, to clarify how meaningful actions and contexts interrelated in the past. The present-day memories of Pacific Islanders are examined to ask how such memories represent encounters that occurred long ago and how they influenced the social, political, economic, and religious changes that ensued. Next, the book addresses ongoing social and structural interactions that social actors enlist to shape their traditions within the context of globalization and then the repercussions that these intersections and intercultural exchanges of discourses and practices are having on active identity formation as practiced by Pacific Islanders.Less
This book sheds new light on processes of cultural transformation at work in Oceania and analyzes them as products of interrelationships between culturally created meanings and specific contexts. It examines these interrelationships for insight into how cultural traditions are shaped on an ongoing basis. Following a critique of how tradition has been viewed in terms of dichotomies like authenticity vs. inauthenticity, the book takes a novel perspective in which tradition figures as context-bound articulation. This makes it possible to view cultural traditions as resulting from interactions between people and the ambient contexts. Such interactions are analyzed from the past down to the Oceanian present—with indigenous agency being highlighted. The work focuses first on early encounters, initially between Pacific Islanders themselves and later with the European navigators of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, to clarify how meaningful actions and contexts interrelated in the past. The present-day memories of Pacific Islanders are examined to ask how such memories represent encounters that occurred long ago and how they influenced the social, political, economic, and religious changes that ensued. Next, the book addresses ongoing social and structural interactions that social actors enlist to shape their traditions within the context of globalization and then the repercussions that these intersections and intercultural exchanges of discourses and practices are having on active identity formation as practiced by Pacific Islanders.
Keith L. Camacho
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824835460
- eISBN:
- 9780824868512
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824835460.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Pacific Studies
In 1941 the Japanese military attacked the U.S. naval base Pearl Harbor on the Hawaiian island of Oʻahu. Although much has been debated about this event and the wider American and Japanese ...
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In 1941 the Japanese military attacked the U.S. naval base Pearl Harbor on the Hawaiian island of Oʻahu. Although much has been debated about this event and the wider American and Japanese involvement in the war, few scholars have explored the Pacific War's impact on Pacific Islanders. This book fills this gap by advancing scholarly understanding of Pacific Islander relations with and knowledge of American and Japanese colonialisms in the twentieth century. It traces the formation of divergent colonial and indigenous histories in the Mariana Islands, an archipelago located in the western Pacific and home to the Chamorro people. It shows that U.S. colonial governance of Guam, the southernmost island, and that of Japan in the Northern Mariana Islands created competing colonial histories that would later inform how Americans, Chamorros, and Japanese experienced and remembered the war and its aftermath. Central to this discussion is the American and Japanese administrative development of “loyalty” and “liberation” as concepts of social control, collective identity, and national belonging. Just how various Chamorros from Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands negotiated their multiple identities and subjectivities is explored with respect to the processes of history and memory-making among this “Americanized” and “Japanized” Pacific Islander population. In addition, the book emphasizes the rise of war commemorations as sites for the study of American national historic landmarks, Chamorro Liberation Day festivities, and Japanese bone-collecting missions and peace pilgrimages.Less
In 1941 the Japanese military attacked the U.S. naval base Pearl Harbor on the Hawaiian island of Oʻahu. Although much has been debated about this event and the wider American and Japanese involvement in the war, few scholars have explored the Pacific War's impact on Pacific Islanders. This book fills this gap by advancing scholarly understanding of Pacific Islander relations with and knowledge of American and Japanese colonialisms in the twentieth century. It traces the formation of divergent colonial and indigenous histories in the Mariana Islands, an archipelago located in the western Pacific and home to the Chamorro people. It shows that U.S. colonial governance of Guam, the southernmost island, and that of Japan in the Northern Mariana Islands created competing colonial histories that would later inform how Americans, Chamorros, and Japanese experienced and remembered the war and its aftermath. Central to this discussion is the American and Japanese administrative development of “loyalty” and “liberation” as concepts of social control, collective identity, and national belonging. Just how various Chamorros from Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands negotiated their multiple identities and subjectivities is explored with respect to the processes of history and memory-making among this “Americanized” and “Japanized” Pacific Islander population. In addition, the book emphasizes the rise of war commemorations as sites for the study of American national historic landmarks, Chamorro Liberation Day festivities, and Japanese bone-collecting missions and peace pilgrimages.
Lon Kurashige (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780824855765
- eISBN:
- 9780824875596
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824855765.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This book explores international relations, migration, diaspora, trade, war, conquest, and historical memory within and across the Asia-Pacific region from the late fourteenth to the twenty-first ...
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This book explores international relations, migration, diaspora, trade, war, conquest, and historical memory within and across the Asia-Pacific region from the late fourteenth to the twenty-first centuries. Its fifteen chapters are organized by four sections focusing on China and the early modern world, circuits of migration and trade, racism and imperialism, and the significance of Pacific islands. The main temporal focus is on the modern period since the mid-nineteenth century, as well as on the crucial influence exerted by the United States on the Asia-Pacific region during this time. While diplomatic and economic relations are addressed, the chapters are especially concerned with the history from the “bottom up,” including attention to social relations and processes, individual and group agency, and collective memory. The book provides a view of US history from the perspective of the Asia-Pacific region, revealing a vision that is not centered on the narrative of the nation’s movement from East to West. The view from the Pacific Ocean provides a better understanding of the relevance of the past for today’s Pacific world in which the US has become more tightly integrated than ever with the Asia-Pacific region.Less
This book explores international relations, migration, diaspora, trade, war, conquest, and historical memory within and across the Asia-Pacific region from the late fourteenth to the twenty-first centuries. Its fifteen chapters are organized by four sections focusing on China and the early modern world, circuits of migration and trade, racism and imperialism, and the significance of Pacific islands. The main temporal focus is on the modern period since the mid-nineteenth century, as well as on the crucial influence exerted by the United States on the Asia-Pacific region during this time. While diplomatic and economic relations are addressed, the chapters are especially concerned with the history from the “bottom up,” including attention to social relations and processes, individual and group agency, and collective memory. The book provides a view of US history from the perspective of the Asia-Pacific region, revealing a vision that is not centered on the narrative of the nation’s movement from East to West. The view from the Pacific Ocean provides a better understanding of the relevance of the past for today’s Pacific world in which the US has become more tightly integrated than ever with the Asia-Pacific region.
Bronwen Douglas
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824833664
- eISBN:
- 9780824870355
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824833664.003.0005
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This chapter combines an ethnohistory of encounters between Pacific Islanders and European voyagers with the history of the unstable idea of “race” by correlating voyagers' racial terminology with ...
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This chapter combines an ethnohistory of encounters between Pacific Islanders and European voyagers with the history of the unstable idea of “race” by correlating voyagers' racial terminology with their experience of particular indigenous people. It focuses on contacts, from the time of Duperrey's expedition of 1823, between French seamen and the Pacific Islanders of Tahiti and New Ireland. It considers local initiatives, actions, and demeanors—condensed as agency—as refracted through varied genres, modes, or media of travelers' representations. It interprets encounters situationally, not as a general clash of reified cultures but as ambiguous intersections of multiple indigenous and foreign agencies that were usually at cross-purposes but not necessarily opposed. It suggests that behavioral changes among the Pacific Islanders resulted from old codes and norms having to come to terms with new possibilities arising in a context of change.Less
This chapter combines an ethnohistory of encounters between Pacific Islanders and European voyagers with the history of the unstable idea of “race” by correlating voyagers' racial terminology with their experience of particular indigenous people. It focuses on contacts, from the time of Duperrey's expedition of 1823, between French seamen and the Pacific Islanders of Tahiti and New Ireland. It considers local initiatives, actions, and demeanors—condensed as agency—as refracted through varied genres, modes, or media of travelers' representations. It interprets encounters situationally, not as a general clash of reified cultures but as ambiguous intersections of multiple indigenous and foreign agencies that were usually at cross-purposes but not necessarily opposed. It suggests that behavioral changes among the Pacific Islanders resulted from old codes and norms having to come to terms with new possibilities arising in a context of change.
Julia Martínez and Adrian Vickers
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824840020
- eISBN:
- 9780824868048
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824840020.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
In the 1860s European pearling masters employed Pacific Islanders and Aboriginal peoples as laborers. With allegations of kidnapping, however, protection laws were put in place, forcing them to look ...
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In the 1860s European pearling masters employed Pacific Islanders and Aboriginal peoples as laborers. With allegations of kidnapping, however, protection laws were put in place, forcing them to look for new sources of labor. British explorers had already demonstrated that the Netherlands East Indies was within easy reach of the pearling ports. The Dutch colonial government did not object to Australians recruiting from the islands around Timor. Large-scale recruitment followed and Indonesian workers were established along the north coast of Australia. A Malaytown developed on Thursday Island; Roebourne Bay saw its "Malay" population expand from 100 in 1870 to nearly 1,000 by 1875. The exploitation of Indonesian labor was set against stories of ruthless Malay pirates, while racial understandings promulgated by Alfred Russel Wallace, were used to justify the idea of Indonesians as innately suitable to become cheap labor in this dangerous maritime profession.Less
In the 1860s European pearling masters employed Pacific Islanders and Aboriginal peoples as laborers. With allegations of kidnapping, however, protection laws were put in place, forcing them to look for new sources of labor. British explorers had already demonstrated that the Netherlands East Indies was within easy reach of the pearling ports. The Dutch colonial government did not object to Australians recruiting from the islands around Timor. Large-scale recruitment followed and Indonesian workers were established along the north coast of Australia. A Malaytown developed on Thursday Island; Roebourne Bay saw its "Malay" population expand from 100 in 1870 to nearly 1,000 by 1875. The exploitation of Indonesian labor was set against stories of ruthless Malay pirates, while racial understandings promulgated by Alfred Russel Wallace, were used to justify the idea of Indonesians as innately suitable to become cheap labor in this dangerous maritime profession.
Keith L. Camacho
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780824855765
- eISBN:
- 9780824875596
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824855765.003.0016
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter examines the creation and contestation of Japanese commemorations of World War II in the Mariana Islands. As an archipelago colonized by Japan and the United States, the Mariana Islands ...
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This chapter examines the creation and contestation of Japanese commemorations of World War II in the Mariana Islands. As an archipelago colonized by Japan and the United States, the Mariana Islands have become a site through which war memories have developed in distinct and shared ways. With respect to Japanese commemorations, the analysis demonstrates why and how they inform and are informed by Chamorro and American remembrances of the war in the Mariana Islands. By analyzing government, media, and tourist accounts of the war from the 1960s to the present, I thus show how we can gain an understanding and appreciation for the complex ways by which Japanese of various generations reckon with a violent past.Less
This chapter examines the creation and contestation of Japanese commemorations of World War II in the Mariana Islands. As an archipelago colonized by Japan and the United States, the Mariana Islands have become a site through which war memories have developed in distinct and shared ways. With respect to Japanese commemorations, the analysis demonstrates why and how they inform and are informed by Chamorro and American remembrances of the war in the Mariana Islands. By analyzing government, media, and tourist accounts of the war from the 1960s to the present, I thus show how we can gain an understanding and appreciation for the complex ways by which Japanese of various generations reckon with a violent past.
