Michael Ostling
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199587902
- eISBN:
- 9780191731228
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199587902.003.0013
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History, Social History
This conclusion reviews the themes of the book, in particular its notion of ‘imagining witchcraft’. Drawing on the work of Jonathan Z. Smith, it claims that witchcraft, like religion, is a ...
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This conclusion reviews the themes of the book, in particular its notion of ‘imagining witchcraft’. Drawing on the work of Jonathan Z. Smith, it claims that witchcraft, like religion, is a second-order category created by scholars for their own comparative purposes: accordingly scholars have the responsibility to use the category well. Drawing on the work of Clifford Geertz, the conclusion argues that we study not ‘The Other’ but others—real people and their own projects of self-imagination. Accused witches were caught in multiple layers of imaginative labeling—as criminals, Satanists, pagans, demoniacs. They also imagined themselves as Christians, wives, mothers. The task of this book has been to explore these multiple imaginations in an attempt to understand all the actors caught up in witch-trials: the accused, their accusers, magistrates, and alleged victims.Less
This conclusion reviews the themes of the book, in particular its notion of ‘imagining witchcraft’. Drawing on the work of Jonathan Z. Smith, it claims that witchcraft, like religion, is a second-order category created by scholars for their own comparative purposes: accordingly scholars have the responsibility to use the category well. Drawing on the work of Clifford Geertz, the conclusion argues that we study not ‘The Other’ but others—real people and their own projects of self-imagination. Accused witches were caught in multiple layers of imaginative labeling—as criminals, Satanists, pagans, demoniacs. They also imagined themselves as Christians, wives, mothers. The task of this book has been to explore these multiple imaginations in an attempt to understand all the actors caught up in witch-trials: the accused, their accusers, magistrates, and alleged victims.
Mícheál Ó hAodha
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719083044
- eISBN:
- 9781781702437
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719083044.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Social Groups
This book traces a number of common themes relating to the representation of Irish Travellers in Irish popular tradition and how these themes have impacted on Ireland's collective imagination. A ...
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This book traces a number of common themes relating to the representation of Irish Travellers in Irish popular tradition and how these themes have impacted on Ireland's collective imagination. A particular focus of the book is on the exploration of the Traveller as ‘Other’, an ‘Other’ who is perceived as both inside and outside Ireland's collective ideation. Frequently constructed as a group whose cultural tenets are in a dichotomous opposition to those of the ‘settled’ community, the book demonstrates the ambivalence and complexity of the Irish Traveller ‘Other’ in the context of a European postcolonial country. Not only have the construction and representation of Travellers always been less stable and ‘fixed’ than previously supposed, these images have been acted upon and changed by both the Traveller and non-Traveller communities as the situation has demanded. Drawing primarily on little-explored Irish language sources, the book demonstrates the fluidity of what is often assumed as reified or ‘fixed’. As evidenced in Irish-language cultural sources, the image of the Traveller is inextricably linked with the very concept of Irish identity itself. They are simultaneously the same and ‘Other’, and frequently function as exemplars of the hegemony of native Irish culture as set against colonial traditions.Less
This book traces a number of common themes relating to the representation of Irish Travellers in Irish popular tradition and how these themes have impacted on Ireland's collective imagination. A particular focus of the book is on the exploration of the Traveller as ‘Other’, an ‘Other’ who is perceived as both inside and outside Ireland's collective ideation. Frequently constructed as a group whose cultural tenets are in a dichotomous opposition to those of the ‘settled’ community, the book demonstrates the ambivalence and complexity of the Irish Traveller ‘Other’ in the context of a European postcolonial country. Not only have the construction and representation of Travellers always been less stable and ‘fixed’ than previously supposed, these images have been acted upon and changed by both the Traveller and non-Traveller communities as the situation has demanded. Drawing primarily on little-explored Irish language sources, the book demonstrates the fluidity of what is often assumed as reified or ‘fixed’. As evidenced in Irish-language cultural sources, the image of the Traveller is inextricably linked with the very concept of Irish identity itself. They are simultaneously the same and ‘Other’, and frequently function as exemplars of the hegemony of native Irish culture as set against colonial traditions.
ZOYA HASAN
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264515
- eISBN:
- 9780191734403
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264515.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
This chapter discusses the controversy generated by the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government's decision to extend reservations for Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in higher education. It looks ...
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This chapter discusses the controversy generated by the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government's decision to extend reservations for Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in higher education. It looks at two issues that have dominated Indian policy debates with regards to reservations for OBCs. The first issue is about whether caste is an indicator of disadvantage, while the second issue pertains to the conception of backwardness. The chapter shows that many issues still remain unresolved, such as the position of the more affluent segments and the position of minorities.Less
This chapter discusses the controversy generated by the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government's decision to extend reservations for Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in higher education. It looks at two issues that have dominated Indian policy debates with regards to reservations for OBCs. The first issue is about whether caste is an indicator of disadvantage, while the second issue pertains to the conception of backwardness. The chapter shows that many issues still remain unresolved, such as the position of the more affluent segments and the position of minorities.
David Kurnick
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691151519
- eISBN:
- 9781400840090
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691151519.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This chapter analyzes Henry James's The Other House, which was conceived as a play but published as a novel in 1896. Almost exclusively reliant on dialogue and dense with the notation of movements ...
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This chapter analyzes Henry James's The Other House, which was conceived as a play but published as a novel in 1896. Almost exclusively reliant on dialogue and dense with the notation of movements that frustrate readerly visualization, the novel constantly alludes to the theatrical status it appears to have abandoned; James reworked the novel back into a play in 1909. Both versions suggest that the domestic tragedy constituting the plot is contained in the space of a theatrical auditorium. Similar invocations of theatrical space haunt 1899's The Awkward Age, a novel whose characters begin to play to an imaginary theatrical audience that James posits just beyond the “footlights” of the diegetic universe. In abandoning James's fabled “center of consciousness” in favor of elaborating a group subject, these dramanovels document James's ambivalence regarding the interiorizing narrative approach of which he would become the acknowledged master.Less
This chapter analyzes Henry James's The Other House, which was conceived as a play but published as a novel in 1896. Almost exclusively reliant on dialogue and dense with the notation of movements that frustrate readerly visualization, the novel constantly alludes to the theatrical status it appears to have abandoned; James reworked the novel back into a play in 1909. Both versions suggest that the domestic tragedy constituting the plot is contained in the space of a theatrical auditorium. Similar invocations of theatrical space haunt 1899's The Awkward Age, a novel whose characters begin to play to an imaginary theatrical audience that James posits just beyond the “footlights” of the diegetic universe. In abandoning James's fabled “center of consciousness” in favor of elaborating a group subject, these dramanovels document James's ambivalence regarding the interiorizing narrative approach of which he would become the acknowledged master.
Richard Kearney and Kascha Semonovitch (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823234615
- eISBN:
- 9780823240722
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823234615.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion
What is strange? Or better, who is strange? When do we encounter the strange? We encounter strangers when we are not at home — when we are in a foreign land or a foreign part of our own land. From ...
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What is strange? Or better, who is strange? When do we encounter the strange? We encounter strangers when we are not at home — when we are in a foreign land or a foreign part of our own land. From Freud to Lacan to Kristeva to Heidegger, the feeling of strangeness — das Unheimlichkeit — has marked our encounter with the other, even the other within our self. Most philosophical attempts to understand the role of the Stranger, human or transcendent, have been limited to standard epistemological problems of other minds, metaphysical substances, body/soul dualism and related issues of consciousness and cognition. This volume endeavors to take the question of hosting the Stranger to the deeper level of embodied imagination and the senses. It plays host to a number of encounters with the strange. It asks such questions as: How does the embodied imagination relate to the Stranger in terms of hospitality or hostility? How do we distinguish between projections of fear or fascination, leading to either violence or welcome? How do humans sense the dimension of the strange and alien in different religions, arts, and cultures? How do the five physical senses relate to the spiritual senses, especially the famous sixth sense, as portals to an encounter with the Other? Is there a carnal perception of alterity, which would operate at an affective, pre-reflective, preconscious level? What exactly do embodied imaginaries of hospitality and hostility entail, and how do they operate in language, psychology, and social interrelations? What are the topical implications of these questions for ethics and practice of tolerance and peace?Less
What is strange? Or better, who is strange? When do we encounter the strange? We encounter strangers when we are not at home — when we are in a foreign land or a foreign part of our own land. From Freud to Lacan to Kristeva to Heidegger, the feeling of strangeness — das Unheimlichkeit — has marked our encounter with the other, even the other within our self. Most philosophical attempts to understand the role of the Stranger, human or transcendent, have been limited to standard epistemological problems of other minds, metaphysical substances, body/soul dualism and related issues of consciousness and cognition. This volume endeavors to take the question of hosting the Stranger to the deeper level of embodied imagination and the senses. It plays host to a number of encounters with the strange. It asks such questions as: How does the embodied imagination relate to the Stranger in terms of hospitality or hostility? How do we distinguish between projections of fear or fascination, leading to either violence or welcome? How do humans sense the dimension of the strange and alien in different religions, arts, and cultures? How do the five physical senses relate to the spiritual senses, especially the famous sixth sense, as portals to an encounter with the Other? Is there a carnal perception of alterity, which would operate at an affective, pre-reflective, preconscious level? What exactly do embodied imaginaries of hospitality and hostility entail, and how do they operate in language, psychology, and social interrelations? What are the topical implications of these questions for ethics and practice of tolerance and peace?
Sergey Dolgopolski
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823229345
- eISBN:
- 9780823236725
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823229345.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
True disagreements are hard to achieve, and even harder to maintain, for the ghost of final agreement constantly haunts them. The Babylonian Talmud, however, escapes from that ghost of agreement, and ...
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True disagreements are hard to achieve, and even harder to maintain, for the ghost of final agreement constantly haunts them. The Babylonian Talmud, however, escapes from that ghost of agreement, and provokes unsettling questions: Are there any conditions under which disagreement might constitute a genuine relationship between minds? Are disagreements always only temporary steps toward final agreement? Must a community of disagreement always imply agreement, as in an agreement to disagree? This book rethinks the task of philological, literary, historical, and cultural analysis of the Talmud. It introduces an aspect of this task that has best been approximated by the philosophical, anthropological, and ontological interrogation of human beings in relationship to the Other—whether animal, divine, or human. In both engagement and disengagement with post-Heideggerian traditions of thought, the book complements philological-historical and cultural approaches to Talmud with an anthropological, ontological, and Talmudic inquiry. It redefines the place of the Talmud and its study, both traditional and academic, in the intellectual map of the West, arguing that the Talmud is a scholarly art of its own and represents a fundamental intellectual discipline, not a mere application of logical, grammatical, or even rhetorical arts for the purpose of textual hermeneutics. In Talmudic intellectual art, disagreement is a fundamental category. This book rediscovers disagreement as the ultimate condition of finite human existence or co-existence.Less
True disagreements are hard to achieve, and even harder to maintain, for the ghost of final agreement constantly haunts them. The Babylonian Talmud, however, escapes from that ghost of agreement, and provokes unsettling questions: Are there any conditions under which disagreement might constitute a genuine relationship between minds? Are disagreements always only temporary steps toward final agreement? Must a community of disagreement always imply agreement, as in an agreement to disagree? This book rethinks the task of philological, literary, historical, and cultural analysis of the Talmud. It introduces an aspect of this task that has best been approximated by the philosophical, anthropological, and ontological interrogation of human beings in relationship to the Other—whether animal, divine, or human. In both engagement and disengagement with post-Heideggerian traditions of thought, the book complements philological-historical and cultural approaches to Talmud with an anthropological, ontological, and Talmudic inquiry. It redefines the place of the Talmud and its study, both traditional and academic, in the intellectual map of the West, arguing that the Talmud is a scholarly art of its own and represents a fundamental intellectual discipline, not a mere application of logical, grammatical, or even rhetorical arts for the purpose of textual hermeneutics. In Talmudic intellectual art, disagreement is a fundamental category. This book rediscovers disagreement as the ultimate condition of finite human existence or co-existence.
Elizabeth Outka
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195372694
- eISBN:
- 9780199871704
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195372694.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century and Contemporary Literature
This chapter explores the revolutions in town planning and community design that were inspired by the creation of model factory towns at the turn of the century, as well as by the rapid development ...
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This chapter explores the revolutions in town planning and community design that were inspired by the creation of model factory towns at the turn of the century, as well as by the rapid development of the Garden City Movement. While novel in many respects, model towns such as Bournville and Port Sunlight, and Garden Cities such as Letchworth, presented the illusion of an older economic and cultural time, showing a commitment to past designs that were meant to correct some of the excesses of the industrial age. What set these places apart from earlier efforts was their deliberate reliance on the modern factory system to support the nostalgic country vision, and the emerging ways this vision was marketed as a way to sell products from chocolate to soap. Such efforts received enormous publicity and captured the imagination of many, including Bernard Shaw. In his plays John Bull’s Other Island and Major Barbara, Shaw became the most incisive critic of the new town planning schemes, but also, in ways the chapter examines, their surprising champion. Through analysis of both the literary and the literal model towns, the chapter investigates how long-static visions of the country and the city were united into appealing new hybrids, and industry itself, rather than being the villain, was recast as the provider of new pleasures.Less
This chapter explores the revolutions in town planning and community design that were inspired by the creation of model factory towns at the turn of the century, as well as by the rapid development of the Garden City Movement. While novel in many respects, model towns such as Bournville and Port Sunlight, and Garden Cities such as Letchworth, presented the illusion of an older economic and cultural time, showing a commitment to past designs that were meant to correct some of the excesses of the industrial age. What set these places apart from earlier efforts was their deliberate reliance on the modern factory system to support the nostalgic country vision, and the emerging ways this vision was marketed as a way to sell products from chocolate to soap. Such efforts received enormous publicity and captured the imagination of many, including Bernard Shaw. In his plays John Bull’s Other Island and Major Barbara, Shaw became the most incisive critic of the new town planning schemes, but also, in ways the chapter examines, their surprising champion. Through analysis of both the literary and the literal model towns, the chapter investigates how long-static visions of the country and the city were united into appealing new hybrids, and industry itself, rather than being the villain, was recast as the provider of new pleasures.
John Wall
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- July 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195182569
- eISBN:
- 9780199835737
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195182561.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion
A more complex dimension of moral creativity is involved in the deontological problem of responsibility toward “the other” in the sense of otherness, alterity, or irreducibility to the self. Immanuel ...
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A more complex dimension of moral creativity is involved in the deontological problem of responsibility toward “the other” in the sense of otherness, alterity, or irreducibility to the self. Immanuel Kant’s obscuring of this problem of otherness can be attributed in part to his separation of ethics from poetics (or aesthetics) in his second and third critiques. Paul Ricoeur shows that Kantian moral freedom is always in poetic tension with the passivity of the command not to do violence to otherness. Beyond Ricoeur, however, the other should be understood more radically as not just another self like oneself but, as Emmanuel Levinas and others argue, itself the transcending origin of the moral command as an invisible face of the Wholly Other. Moral creativity in its deontological sense combines Ricoeur’s Christian and Levinas’ Jewish interpretations of “the other” in a more profoundly presupposed mythology of humanity as an image of its Creator, so that others in particular originate or create a love command to selves who are in turn called to a negative moral poetics of creating others an ever less violent and reductive response.Less
A more complex dimension of moral creativity is involved in the deontological problem of responsibility toward “the other” in the sense of otherness, alterity, or irreducibility to the self. Immanuel Kant’s obscuring of this problem of otherness can be attributed in part to his separation of ethics from poetics (or aesthetics) in his second and third critiques. Paul Ricoeur shows that Kantian moral freedom is always in poetic tension with the passivity of the command not to do violence to otherness. Beyond Ricoeur, however, the other should be understood more radically as not just another self like oneself but, as Emmanuel Levinas and others argue, itself the transcending origin of the moral command as an invisible face of the Wholly Other. Moral creativity in its deontological sense combines Ricoeur’s Christian and Levinas’ Jewish interpretations of “the other” in a more profoundly presupposed mythology of humanity as an image of its Creator, so that others in particular originate or create a love command to selves who are in turn called to a negative moral poetics of creating others an ever less violent and reductive response.
Hans Van Wees
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691143019
- eISBN:
- 9781400846306
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691143019.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, Ancient History / Archaeology
This chapter critiques the grand narrative of Hanson's The Other Greeks and argues that it is wrong in important respects. The chapter presents the social and economic changes in the eighth century ...
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This chapter critiques the grand narrative of Hanson's The Other Greeks and argues that it is wrong in important respects. The chapter presents the social and economic changes in the eighth century that took place with the rise of the independent yeoman farmer and his culture of agrarianism as the driving force behind the political and military history of Greece. From the middle of the eighth century there was a class of elite leisured landowners that did not work the land themselves but supervised the toil of a large lower class of hired laborers and slaves. This era of gentlemen farmers who comprised the top 15–20 percent of society and competed with each other for status lasted for about two centuries. When the yeomen farmers emerged after the mid-sixth century, they joined the leisure class in the hoplite militia.Less
This chapter critiques the grand narrative of Hanson's The Other Greeks and argues that it is wrong in important respects. The chapter presents the social and economic changes in the eighth century that took place with the rise of the independent yeoman farmer and his culture of agrarianism as the driving force behind the political and military history of Greece. From the middle of the eighth century there was a class of elite leisured landowners that did not work the land themselves but supervised the toil of a large lower class of hired laborers and slaves. This era of gentlemen farmers who comprised the top 15–20 percent of society and competed with each other for status lasted for about two centuries. When the yeomen farmers emerged after the mid-sixth century, they joined the leisure class in the hoplite militia.
Judith Lieu
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- July 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199262892
- eISBN:
- 9780191602818
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199262896.003.0009
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
Common to nearly all constructions of identity is that of ‘the [stereotyped] other’, the ‘not-us’, often defined negatively, in opposition to, and in order to sustain, a self-understanding. In ...
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Common to nearly all constructions of identity is that of ‘the [stereotyped] other’, the ‘not-us’, often defined negatively, in opposition to, and in order to sustain, a self-understanding. In Graeco-Roman thought, this is represented by the idea of ‘the barbarian’, and in Jewish thought by ‘the Gentiles’. In early Christian writings, we can explore the function and construction of ‘the Gentiles’, ‘the Greeks, and ‘the Jews’. In addition, the language of otherness is applied to an undifferentiated ‘world’ as well as to those who hold other views, the construction of heresy. Yet, as in modern debate, other models of a relationship with the Other than the hostile are possible and leave their traces.Less
Common to nearly all constructions of identity is that of ‘the [stereotyped] other’, the ‘not-us’, often defined negatively, in opposition to, and in order to sustain, a self-understanding. In Graeco-Roman thought, this is represented by the idea of ‘the barbarian’, and in Jewish thought by ‘the Gentiles’. In early Christian writings, we can explore the function and construction of ‘the Gentiles’, ‘the Greeks, and ‘the Jews’. In addition, the language of otherness is applied to an undifferentiated ‘world’ as well as to those who hold other views, the construction of heresy. Yet, as in modern debate, other models of a relationship with the Other than the hostile are possible and leave their traces.
S.N. Balagangadhara
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198082965
- eISBN:
- 9780199081936
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198082965.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Historiography
Today, it is almost sacrilegious to ‘Other the other’ while doing anthropology. Because the notion of culture itself has become suspect, apparently, one cannot even suggest that cultures different ...
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Today, it is almost sacrilegious to ‘Other the other’ while doing anthropology. Because the notion of culture itself has become suspect, apparently, one cannot even suggest that cultures different from one’s own are these ‘others’. This chapter begins by showing that most arguments that advocate jettisoning the concept of culture are cognitively inadmissible: none of these arguments establishes the need to reject the concept of culture or show its undesirability. Subsequently, it examines the suggestion to look at the adjectival uses of the word ‘cultural’. Here, an answer to the following question is formulated: what makes some difference, any difference, a cultural difference and not a social, biological or psychological difference? Instead of a wholesale rejection of the notion of culture, this chapter shows that it is possible to explore the nature of cultural difference in new ways provided we come up with interesting hypotheses about its nature.Less
Today, it is almost sacrilegious to ‘Other the other’ while doing anthropology. Because the notion of culture itself has become suspect, apparently, one cannot even suggest that cultures different from one’s own are these ‘others’. This chapter begins by showing that most arguments that advocate jettisoning the concept of culture are cognitively inadmissible: none of these arguments establishes the need to reject the concept of culture or show its undesirability. Subsequently, it examines the suggestion to look at the adjectival uses of the word ‘cultural’. Here, an answer to the following question is formulated: what makes some difference, any difference, a cultural difference and not a social, biological or psychological difference? Instead of a wholesale rejection of the notion of culture, this chapter shows that it is possible to explore the nature of cultural difference in new ways provided we come up with interesting hypotheses about its nature.
Sylvie Laurent
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780520288560
- eISBN:
- 9780520963436
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520288560.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Did the Civil rights movement of the Fifties and Sixties fail to address economic issues and to grasp that class, beyond just race, was the main cleavage and the greater hindrance in American ...
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Did the Civil rights movement of the Fifties and Sixties fail to address economic issues and to grasp that class, beyond just race, was the main cleavage and the greater hindrance in American Society? Many historians and social scientists contend that the movement too narrowly circumscribed its mission, deceptively assuming that specific race-based demands were the only way to achieve social equality and racial fairness. This book argues that, despite an inability to hamper a growing class divide, significant members of the Black Liberation movement actually intertwined civil rights to economic issues, some of them defending that class was trumping race when it comes to racial equality. Time has come, they argued, to build an interracial coalition which would bring substantive freedom to the lesser-off of America, Blacks being at rock bottom. This book will demonstrate that Martin Luther King Jr. was profoundly shaped by their conviction that racial equality was embedded in the broader class struggle, as illustrated by the forgotten Poor People’s Campaign of 1968. Although carried out postumously, the Poor People’s campaign, presented as much an interracial mass mobilization demanding redistribution as the culmination of King’s comprehension of the entanglement of class and race. It also dovetailed with compelling academic works which, either preceding or following the campaign, have vindicated its framework.Less
Did the Civil rights movement of the Fifties and Sixties fail to address economic issues and to grasp that class, beyond just race, was the main cleavage and the greater hindrance in American Society? Many historians and social scientists contend that the movement too narrowly circumscribed its mission, deceptively assuming that specific race-based demands were the only way to achieve social equality and racial fairness. This book argues that, despite an inability to hamper a growing class divide, significant members of the Black Liberation movement actually intertwined civil rights to economic issues, some of them defending that class was trumping race when it comes to racial equality. Time has come, they argued, to build an interracial coalition which would bring substantive freedom to the lesser-off of America, Blacks being at rock bottom. This book will demonstrate that Martin Luther King Jr. was profoundly shaped by their conviction that racial equality was embedded in the broader class struggle, as illustrated by the forgotten Poor People’s Campaign of 1968. Although carried out postumously, the Poor People’s campaign, presented as much an interracial mass mobilization demanding redistribution as the culmination of King’s comprehension of the entanglement of class and race. It also dovetailed with compelling academic works which, either preceding or following the campaign, have vindicated its framework.
Douglas Robinson
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195076004
- eISBN:
- 9780199855131
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195076004.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, American, 20th Century Literature
The author has been arguing that the emotionally blocked Lardner displaced all his healthiest, most life-enhancing impulses (feelings, reactions, experiences) onto fictional others, and spoke of them ...
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The author has been arguing that the emotionally blocked Lardner displaced all his healthiest, most life-enhancing impulses (feelings, reactions, experiences) onto fictional others, and spoke of them through “Other” voices. What the nonsense plays do is convert this displacement into a structural belief. The guiding force is an association that works by dissociation, a series of somatic or autonomic linkages proceeded by an unconscious separation of conscious ties between collocation entities, cuts made stammering by Lardner's Others in the ideological flow of language. In many of the plays, these cuts seem defensive and self-protective. Lardner's way is not making connections with the “Others” that speak him through the sheer inundative force of non-sequiturs. In fact, Lardner's biographers seem inclined to reduce them all to this sort of defensive flooding.Less
The author has been arguing that the emotionally blocked Lardner displaced all his healthiest, most life-enhancing impulses (feelings, reactions, experiences) onto fictional others, and spoke of them through “Other” voices. What the nonsense plays do is convert this displacement into a structural belief. The guiding force is an association that works by dissociation, a series of somatic or autonomic linkages proceeded by an unconscious separation of conscious ties between collocation entities, cuts made stammering by Lardner's Others in the ideological flow of language. In many of the plays, these cuts seem defensive and self-protective. Lardner's way is not making connections with the “Others” that speak him through the sheer inundative force of non-sequiturs. In fact, Lardner's biographers seem inclined to reduce them all to this sort of defensive flooding.
Simone de Beauvoir
Margaret A. Simons and Marybeth Timmermann (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252036347
- eISBN:
- 9780252097195
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252036347.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Feminist Philosophy
This book brings to English-language readers literary writings—several previously unknown—by the author. Culled from sources including various American university collections, the works span decades ...
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This book brings to English-language readers literary writings—several previously unknown—by the author. Culled from sources including various American university collections, the works span decades of the author’s career. Ranging from dramatic works and literary theory to radio broadcasts, they collectively reveal fresh insights into the author’s writing process, personal life, and the honing of her philosophy. Highlights of the volume include a new translation of the 1945 play The Useless Mouths, the unpublished 1965 short novel “Misunderstanding in Moscow,” the fragmentary “Notes for a Novel,” and an eagerly awaited translation of the author’s contribution to a 1965 debate among Jean-Paul Sartre and other French writers and intellectuals, “What Can Literature Do?” ALso available in English for the first time are prefaces to well-known works such as Bluebeard and Other Fairy Tales, La Bâtarde, and James Joyce in Paris: His Final Years, alongside essays and other short articles. A landmark contribution to Beauvoir studies and French literary studies, the volume includes informative and engaging introductory essays by prominent and rising scholars.Less
This book brings to English-language readers literary writings—several previously unknown—by the author. Culled from sources including various American university collections, the works span decades of the author’s career. Ranging from dramatic works and literary theory to radio broadcasts, they collectively reveal fresh insights into the author’s writing process, personal life, and the honing of her philosophy. Highlights of the volume include a new translation of the 1945 play The Useless Mouths, the unpublished 1965 short novel “Misunderstanding in Moscow,” the fragmentary “Notes for a Novel,” and an eagerly awaited translation of the author’s contribution to a 1965 debate among Jean-Paul Sartre and other French writers and intellectuals, “What Can Literature Do?” ALso available in English for the first time are prefaces to well-known works such as Bluebeard and Other Fairy Tales, La Bâtarde, and James Joyce in Paris: His Final Years, alongside essays and other short articles. A landmark contribution to Beauvoir studies and French literary studies, the volume includes informative and engaging introductory essays by prominent and rising scholars.
Roland Vogt (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9789888083879
- eISBN:
- 9789882209077
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888083879.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
'Constructive engagement' is the rhetorical hallmark of Europe's policy towards China. This approach fits with the European self-imagination as a normative and civilian power that promotes regional ...
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'Constructive engagement' is the rhetorical hallmark of Europe's policy towards China. This approach fits with the European self-imagination as a normative and civilian power that promotes regional integration and multilateral channels to advance its interests. But a closer critical analysis reveals that this European self-conception is not only an attempt to discursively create its own identity but also a normative project to gradually transform China. Arguably this is a false promise which has exacerbated the misexpectations and the cognitive gap between both sides. The longer this European self-imagination is kept intact the more disillusionment the EU will experience in its relations with China.Less
'Constructive engagement' is the rhetorical hallmark of Europe's policy towards China. This approach fits with the European self-imagination as a normative and civilian power that promotes regional integration and multilateral channels to advance its interests. But a closer critical analysis reveals that this European self-conception is not only an attempt to discursively create its own identity but also a normative project to gradually transform China. Arguably this is a false promise which has exacerbated the misexpectations and the cognitive gap between both sides. The longer this European self-imagination is kept intact the more disillusionment the EU will experience in its relations with China.
Douglas Kerr
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198123705
- eISBN:
- 9780191671609
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198123705.003.0017
- Subject:
- Literature, Poetry
As ‘Disabled’ was first drafted in October 1917 and was revised in July 1918, Owen decided that this would serve as the main poem in Disabled and Other Poems, his first book. This title reflected a ...
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As ‘Disabled’ was first drafted in October 1917 and was revised in July 1918, Owen decided that this would serve as the main poem in Disabled and Other Poems, his first book. This title reflected a category from the language used within the military medical institution. It is the last word in which official language takes on the human subject, and the poem attempted to offer a human meaning. Giving his book the title of Disabled suggested that a truth had been found in which life and feeling are both emphasized. In the poem, we see how Owen pointed out through individual tragedy, a tragic history. In his works, Owen was able to evoke the loss of pleasure and innocence through portraying his image of children in such a way that they were out of sight and reach.Less
As ‘Disabled’ was first drafted in October 1917 and was revised in July 1918, Owen decided that this would serve as the main poem in Disabled and Other Poems, his first book. This title reflected a category from the language used within the military medical institution. It is the last word in which official language takes on the human subject, and the poem attempted to offer a human meaning. Giving his book the title of Disabled suggested that a truth had been found in which life and feeling are both emphasized. In the poem, we see how Owen pointed out through individual tragedy, a tragic history. In his works, Owen was able to evoke the loss of pleasure and innocence through portraying his image of children in such a way that they were out of sight and reach.
H. A. Hellyer
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748639472
- eISBN:
- 9780748671342
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748639472.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
The development of European civilisation and, consequently, European identity, is impossible to imagine without Islam and Muslims. A Muslim adhering to sharī'ah, or an Orthodox Jew making halakah his ...
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The development of European civilisation and, consequently, European identity, is impossible to imagine without Islam and Muslims. A Muslim adhering to sharī'ah, or an Orthodox Jew making halakah his criterion of behaviour, can exit the religious community simply by disavowing its code. The choice of community, however, is not only dependent on its own idea of itself, but on the options made available to it by the mainstream. European identity has been challenged on several fundamental levels in the past fifty years and, as yet, the ambiguity has not been clarified. As history teaches, it is far easier to concentrate on an external ‘Other’, imagined or not, instead of dealing with internal problems; but the problems nonetheless remain. The one consensus may now be that multiculturalism (if not always by name, then by meaning) is the norm; but, as yet, it is a norm limited by contested boundaries. This chapter examines fiqh and the Muslim community's ability to integrate, along with history, representation and Islamophobia.Less
The development of European civilisation and, consequently, European identity, is impossible to imagine without Islam and Muslims. A Muslim adhering to sharī'ah, or an Orthodox Jew making halakah his criterion of behaviour, can exit the religious community simply by disavowing its code. The choice of community, however, is not only dependent on its own idea of itself, but on the options made available to it by the mainstream. European identity has been challenged on several fundamental levels in the past fifty years and, as yet, the ambiguity has not been clarified. As history teaches, it is far easier to concentrate on an external ‘Other’, imagined or not, instead of dealing with internal problems; but the problems nonetheless remain. The one consensus may now be that multiculturalism (if not always by name, then by meaning) is the norm; but, as yet, it is a norm limited by contested boundaries. This chapter examines fiqh and the Muslim community's ability to integrate, along with history, representation and Islamophobia.
Roy Morris, Jr.
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195126280
- eISBN:
- 9780199854165
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195126280.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
During the time Bierce was away from the front recovering from the wound he obtained, much changed. Most remarkable was the capture of Atlanta by William Tecumseh Sherman. On the other hand, the ...
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During the time Bierce was away from the front recovering from the wound he obtained, much changed. Most remarkable was the capture of Atlanta by William Tecumseh Sherman. On the other hand, the Confederates, under a new commander, John Bell Hood, had finally come out from behind their breastworks and attached the Union army. William B. Hazen, an old commander and friend of Bierce, was set to accompany Sherman on his march. The Other Lodgers was a short story giving a brief clue on the state of mind of Bierce after his return to the front. It is actually not much of a story but its outward circumstances reveal a young man who is not yet at ease with his own survival.Less
During the time Bierce was away from the front recovering from the wound he obtained, much changed. Most remarkable was the capture of Atlanta by William Tecumseh Sherman. On the other hand, the Confederates, under a new commander, John Bell Hood, had finally come out from behind their breastworks and attached the Union army. William B. Hazen, an old commander and friend of Bierce, was set to accompany Sherman on his march. The Other Lodgers was a short story giving a brief clue on the state of mind of Bierce after his return to the front. It is actually not much of a story but its outward circumstances reveal a young man who is not yet at ease with his own survival.
Barry Stroud
- Published in print:
- 1984
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198247616
- eISBN:
- 9780191598494
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198247613.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
Chapter 2 focuses on the challenge to the sceptical reasoning that what Descartes says is a requirement for everyday knowledge of the world – and would destroy all everyday knowledge of the world if ...
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Chapter 2 focuses on the challenge to the sceptical reasoning that what Descartes says is a requirement for everyday knowledge of the world – and would destroy all everyday knowledge of the world if it were a genuine requirement because it cannot be fulfilled – is in fact no such requirement at all.A particularly persuasive and influential version of that line of criticism is found in the work of J. L. Austin, who in his paper ‘Other Minds’ tries to show how the traditional philosophical investigation of knowledge significantly deviates from our normal practices. Austin observes that in our ordinary assessments of claims to knowledge we always presuppose a specific doubt about some specific knowledge claim, and he insists that a specific doubt about a specific knowledge claim can only be raised if there is some reason to think that a specific possibility that would undermine that knowledge claim actually obtains; if so, it would seem that there is no room for doubts about knowledge claims that rest on purely abstract considerations about possiblities that might obtain, or cannot be excluded, and therefore no room for a completely general scepticism of the kind Descartes envisions.Drawing a distinction between conditions of assertion and conditions of truth, Stroud argues that even if we grant the point Austin makes about our ordinary assessments of knowledge it still does not follow that Descartes deviates in his reasoning from our everyday standards and procedures and changes or distorts the meaning of the word ‘know’. The requirement that there must be some ‘special reason’ for thinking a certain possibility might obtain should be seen as a requirement on the appropriate or reasonable assertion of knowledge, but not necessarily as a requirement on knowledge itself; and if the possibility that one is dreaming is a possibility that one must know not to obtain if one is to know something about the world, as the sceptic can plausibly insist it is, then one will simply not know that thing about the world if one has not been able to eliminate that possibility – even though it might be completely inappropriate or unreasonable on particular occasions in everyday life to insist on ruling out that possibility before saying that one knows.Less
Chapter 2 focuses on the challenge to the sceptical reasoning that what Descartes says is a requirement for everyday knowledge of the world – and would destroy all everyday knowledge of the world if it were a genuine requirement because it cannot be fulfilled – is in fact no such requirement at all.
A particularly persuasive and influential version of that line of criticism is found in the work of J. L. Austin, who in his paper ‘Other Minds’ tries to show how the traditional philosophical investigation of knowledge significantly deviates from our normal practices. Austin observes that in our ordinary assessments of claims to knowledge we always presuppose a specific doubt about some specific knowledge claim, and he insists that a specific doubt about a specific knowledge claim can only be raised if there is some reason to think that a specific possibility that would undermine that knowledge claim actually obtains; if so, it would seem that there is no room for doubts about knowledge claims that rest on purely abstract considerations about possiblities that might obtain, or cannot be excluded, and therefore no room for a completely general scepticism of the kind Descartes envisions.
Drawing a distinction between conditions of assertion and conditions of truth, Stroud argues that even if we grant the point Austin makes about our ordinary assessments of knowledge it still does not follow that Descartes deviates in his reasoning from our everyday standards and procedures and changes or distorts the meaning of the word ‘know’. The requirement that there must be some ‘special reason’ for thinking a certain possibility might obtain should be seen as a requirement on the appropriate or reasonable assertion of knowledge, but not necessarily as a requirement on knowledge itself; and if the possibility that one is dreaming is a possibility that one must know not to obtain if one is to know something about the world, as the sceptic can plausibly insist it is, then one will simply not know that thing about the world if one has not been able to eliminate that possibility – even though it might be completely inappropriate or unreasonable on particular occasions in everyday life to insist on ruling out that possibility before saying that one knows.
Anne Fogarty
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199609888
- eISBN:
- 9780191731778
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199609888.003.0014
- Subject:
- Literature, Drama, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
Synge and Joyce have most commonly been seen as opposites, divided by class, religion and background and by their differing attitudes to the ideals of the literary revival. Yet, examination of the ...
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Synge and Joyce have most commonly been seen as opposites, divided by class, religion and background and by their differing attitudes to the ideals of the literary revival. Yet, examination of the pivotal meeting of Synge and Joyce in Paris in 1903 reveals that the hostility between them masks convergences between their aesthetic. Joyce plays with and restages aspects of Synge's work throughout his writings thereby indicating the extent to which he is haunted by the influence of his predecessor. It is particularly Riders to the Sea, the first text by Synge with which he closely engaged and that he initially rejected, which troubles and beguiles him, with its capacity to remould classical convention to deliver insights into the primitivist truths of Irish society and to invent a text that is defiantly different and modern. He returns consistently to Riders throughout his career and continues to reflect on its troubling radicalism.Less
Synge and Joyce have most commonly been seen as opposites, divided by class, religion and background and by their differing attitudes to the ideals of the literary revival. Yet, examination of the pivotal meeting of Synge and Joyce in Paris in 1903 reveals that the hostility between them masks convergences between their aesthetic. Joyce plays with and restages aspects of Synge's work throughout his writings thereby indicating the extent to which he is haunted by the influence of his predecessor. It is particularly Riders to the Sea, the first text by Synge with which he closely engaged and that he initially rejected, which troubles and beguiles him, with its capacity to remould classical convention to deliver insights into the primitivist truths of Irish society and to invent a text that is defiantly different and modern. He returns consistently to Riders throughout his career and continues to reflect on its troubling radicalism.
