Sherman A. Jackson
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195180817
- eISBN:
- 9780199850259
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195180817.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
This chapter explains the coverage of this book, which is about ideological encounter between Islam and African Americans. The book traces the history of the proto-Islamic black-nationalist spin-off ...
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This chapter explains the coverage of this book, which is about ideological encounter between Islam and African Americans. The book traces the history of the proto-Islamic black-nationalist spin-off movements of the early twentieth century through the rise and preponderance of orthodox Sunni Islam by the century's end. It attempts to explain the ideological dislocations and attempted adjustments that accompanied the shift in the basis of religious authority which followed the influx of Muslims from the Middle East and Asia after the repeal of the National Origins Act and the Asiatic Barred Zone in 1965.Less
This chapter explains the coverage of this book, which is about ideological encounter between Islam and African Americans. The book traces the history of the proto-Islamic black-nationalist spin-off movements of the early twentieth century through the rise and preponderance of orthodox Sunni Islam by the century's end. It attempts to explain the ideological dislocations and attempted adjustments that accompanied the shift in the basis of religious authority which followed the influx of Muslims from the Middle East and Asia after the repeal of the National Origins Act and the Asiatic Barred Zone in 1965.
Catherine Nash
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816690633
- eISBN:
- 9781452950723
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816690633.001.0001
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Cultural and Historical Geography
What might be wrong with genetic accounts of personal or shared ancestry and origins? Genetic studies are often presented as valuable ways of understanding where we come from and how people are ...
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What might be wrong with genetic accounts of personal or shared ancestry and origins? Genetic studies are often presented as valuable ways of understanding where we come from and how people are related. In Genetic Geographies, Catherine Nash pursues their troubling implications for our perception of sexual and national, as well as racial, difference. Bringing an incisive geographical focus to bear on new genetic histories and genetic genealogy, Nash explores the making of ideas of genetic ancestry, indigeneity, and origins; the global human family; and national genetic heritage. In particular, she engages with the science, culture, and commerce of ancestry in the United States and the United Kingdom, including National Geographic’s Genographic Project and the People of the British Isles project. Tracing the tensions and contradictions between the emphasis on human genetic similarity and shared ancestry, and the attention given to distinctive patterns of relatedness and different ancestral origins, Nash challenges the assumption that the concepts of shared ancestry are necessarily progressive. She extends this scrutiny to claims about the “natural” differences between the sexes and the “nature” of reproduction in studies of the geography of human genetic variation. Through its focus on sex, nation, and race, and its novel spatial lens, Genetic Geographies provides a timely critical guide to what happens when genetic science maps relatedness.Less
What might be wrong with genetic accounts of personal or shared ancestry and origins? Genetic studies are often presented as valuable ways of understanding where we come from and how people are related. In Genetic Geographies, Catherine Nash pursues their troubling implications for our perception of sexual and national, as well as racial, difference. Bringing an incisive geographical focus to bear on new genetic histories and genetic genealogy, Nash explores the making of ideas of genetic ancestry, indigeneity, and origins; the global human family; and national genetic heritage. In particular, she engages with the science, culture, and commerce of ancestry in the United States and the United Kingdom, including National Geographic’s Genographic Project and the People of the British Isles project. Tracing the tensions and contradictions between the emphasis on human genetic similarity and shared ancestry, and the attention given to distinctive patterns of relatedness and different ancestral origins, Nash challenges the assumption that the concepts of shared ancestry are necessarily progressive. She extends this scrutiny to claims about the “natural” differences between the sexes and the “nature” of reproduction in studies of the geography of human genetic variation. Through its focus on sex, nation, and race, and its novel spatial lens, Genetic Geographies provides a timely critical guide to what happens when genetic science maps relatedness.
Martin McQuillan
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780748641048
- eISBN:
- 9781474400954
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748641048.003.0032
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
The principle of selection for Paul de Man's volume The Portable Rousseau is presented. The selection combines the theoretical side of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's thought with the more purely literary ...
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The principle of selection for Paul de Man's volume The Portable Rousseau is presented. The selection combines the theoretical side of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's thought with the more purely literary components of the works. It includes such texts as the ‘Essay on the Origins of Language,’ in which the link between Rousseau's reflections on language and his political theory becomes manifest. The book could therefore be used in courses in European civilisation, political theory, the history of the Enlightenment, the European novel, romanticism, or even in linguistics. The two main theoretical texts, The Second Discourse on The Origins of Inequality and Social Contract, are included in unabridged form.Less
The principle of selection for Paul de Man's volume The Portable Rousseau is presented. The selection combines the theoretical side of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's thought with the more purely literary components of the works. It includes such texts as the ‘Essay on the Origins of Language,’ in which the link between Rousseau's reflections on language and his political theory becomes manifest. The book could therefore be used in courses in European civilisation, political theory, the history of the Enlightenment, the European novel, romanticism, or even in linguistics. The two main theoretical texts, The Second Discourse on The Origins of Inequality and Social Contract, are included in unabridged form.
Martin Bernal
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199595006
- eISBN:
- 9780191731464
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199595006.003.0024
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, African History: BCE to 500CE
This afterword is an autobiographical survey or analysis of the background to the three volume series Black Athena. It treats the author's earlier concerns with cultural contacts between Europe and ...
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This afterword is an autobiographical survey or analysis of the background to the three volume series Black Athena. It treats the author's earlier concerns with cultural contacts between Europe and China and colonialism in Central Africa. It also considers the extent to which these interests prefigured the Black Athena project. There is a short description of his work linking the disappearance of Phoenicians to the appearance of Jews, in which the argument is made that the genetic component of the Jewish community has been exaggerated and the importance of conversion underplayed. The piece concludes with an investigation of the precipitation or provocation of the project by the author's close associations with student and faculty followers of the conservative philosopher Leo Strauss.Less
This afterword is an autobiographical survey or analysis of the background to the three volume series Black Athena. It treats the author's earlier concerns with cultural contacts between Europe and China and colonialism in Central Africa. It also considers the extent to which these interests prefigured the Black Athena project. There is a short description of his work linking the disappearance of Phoenicians to the appearance of Jews, in which the argument is made that the genetic component of the Jewish community has been exaggerated and the importance of conversion underplayed. The piece concludes with an investigation of the precipitation or provocation of the project by the author's close associations with student and faculty followers of the conservative philosopher Leo Strauss.
Yue Chim Richard Wong
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9789888139446
- eISBN:
- 9789888180349
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888139446.003.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
In a 2010 press conference, Premier Wen Jiabao said that Hong Kong has a number of deep contradictions that had to be tackled. He spoke of five principal issues that Hong Kong had to face in the ...
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In a 2010 press conference, Premier Wen Jiabao said that Hong Kong has a number of deep contradictions that had to be tackled. He spoke of five principal issues that Hong Kong had to face in the process of dual integration (the integration with both mainland China and the world economy). Hong Kong's deep contradictions spring from the broader phenomenon of the mushrooming of emerging economies around the globe, and this brings forth opportunities and challenges.Less
In a 2010 press conference, Premier Wen Jiabao said that Hong Kong has a number of deep contradictions that had to be tackled. He spoke of five principal issues that Hong Kong had to face in the process of dual integration (the integration with both mainland China and the world economy). Hong Kong's deep contradictions spring from the broader phenomenon of the mushrooming of emerging economies around the globe, and this brings forth opportunities and challenges.
Jonathan Haas and Winifred Creamer
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780813038087
- eISBN:
- 9780813043128
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813038087.003.0011
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology
The Norte Chico region witnessed an early florescence of mound construction at more than 30 Late Archaic (3000 to 1800 B.C.) sites in an area of only 1800 sq km. Each of these sites has from 1 to 7 ...
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The Norte Chico region witnessed an early florescence of mound construction at more than 30 Late Archaic (3000 to 1800 B.C.) sites in an area of only 1800 sq km. Each of these sites has from 1 to 7 mounds ranging from 3000 to 100,000 cu m in volume. In looking at the emergence of this complex cultural system, a critical question is how and why these mounds were constructed over many generations. This chapter will examine evidence for the scale of labor involved in mound construction and for (or against) centralized organization of labor.Less
The Norte Chico region witnessed an early florescence of mound construction at more than 30 Late Archaic (3000 to 1800 B.C.) sites in an area of only 1800 sq km. Each of these sites has from 1 to 7 mounds ranging from 3000 to 100,000 cu m in volume. In looking at the emergence of this complex cultural system, a critical question is how and why these mounds were constructed over many generations. This chapter will examine evidence for the scale of labor involved in mound construction and for (or against) centralized organization of labor.
Jonathan Bean
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813125459
- eISBN:
- 9780813135205
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813125459.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
In the 1920s, lynching and mob violence still existed, terrorizing African Americans in the South, and occasionally the North and West. The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) revived in a new form, attacking not ...
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In the 1920s, lynching and mob violence still existed, terrorizing African Americans in the South, and occasionally the North and West. The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) revived in a new form, attacking not only blacks but also Catholics, Jews, and immigrants. By the mid-1920s, the KKK reached millions in membership, before disintegrating in the midst of scandal and counterattacks by opponents. Republicans passed an anti-lynching bill but weakened when a Democratic filibuster thwarted all other issues on the congressional agenda. President Warren Harding spoke courageously against southern racism, but Democratic victories in Congress restrained his power to do more. The National Origins Quota Act of 1924, signed by President Calvin Coolidge, shut down immigration for decades to come. Hebert Hoover, the secretary of commerce, desegregated his agency's workforce and won the support of the majority of black voters for his GOP ticket.Less
In the 1920s, lynching and mob violence still existed, terrorizing African Americans in the South, and occasionally the North and West. The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) revived in a new form, attacking not only blacks but also Catholics, Jews, and immigrants. By the mid-1920s, the KKK reached millions in membership, before disintegrating in the midst of scandal and counterattacks by opponents. Republicans passed an anti-lynching bill but weakened when a Democratic filibuster thwarted all other issues on the congressional agenda. President Warren Harding spoke courageously against southern racism, but Democratic victories in Congress restrained his power to do more. The National Origins Quota Act of 1924, signed by President Calvin Coolidge, shut down immigration for decades to come. Hebert Hoover, the secretary of commerce, desegregated his agency's workforce and won the support of the majority of black voters for his GOP ticket.
Christina A. Ziegler-McPherson
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813033617
- eISBN:
- 9780813039718
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813033617.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Social History
In the 1920s, as the national obsession about immigrant loyalty and the meaning of American citizenship peaked and then ebbed in favor of immigration restriction, pro-immigration progressives ...
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In the 1920s, as the national obsession about immigrant loyalty and the meaning of American citizenship peaked and then ebbed in favor of immigration restriction, pro-immigration progressives suffered attacks on their policies of Americanization. As the country became more politically conservative, immigrant social welfare agencies in New York, California, and Massachusetts struggled to maintain programs designed to reform the social environment to facilitate immigrants' adoption of a more “American” way of life. Instead, the United States reversed 100 years of immigration policy, adopted a policy that dramatically reduced the number of southern and eastern Europeans admitted, and totally barred Asian immigrants. This new immigration policy defined American citizenship and national identity in racial terms that progressive Americanizers had rarely used. By the time of passage of the 1929 National Origins Act, Americanization as an expression of immigrant social welfare policy was politically dead in most states.Less
In the 1920s, as the national obsession about immigrant loyalty and the meaning of American citizenship peaked and then ebbed in favor of immigration restriction, pro-immigration progressives suffered attacks on their policies of Americanization. As the country became more politically conservative, immigrant social welfare agencies in New York, California, and Massachusetts struggled to maintain programs designed to reform the social environment to facilitate immigrants' adoption of a more “American” way of life. Instead, the United States reversed 100 years of immigration policy, adopted a policy that dramatically reduced the number of southern and eastern Europeans admitted, and totally barred Asian immigrants. This new immigration policy defined American citizenship and national identity in racial terms that progressive Americanizers had rarely used. By the time of passage of the 1929 National Origins Act, Americanization as an expression of immigrant social welfare policy was politically dead in most states.
Peg Birmingham
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823230754
- eISBN:
- 9780823235858
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823230754.003.0007
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy
This chapter addresses the question whether totalitarianism is a threat today. It considers one element of totalitarianism that Hannah Arendt was herself very concerned ...
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This chapter addresses the question whether totalitarianism is a threat today. It considers one element of totalitarianism that Hannah Arendt was herself very concerned about—a “lying world order.” At the outset of Origins of Totalitarianism, Arendt raises the issue of political deception, considering the difference between the ancient and modern sophists and their relation to truth and reality. She argues that while the ancient sophists were satisfied with “a passing victory of the argument at the expense of truth”, modern sophists want a great deal more, namely, “a lasting victory at the expense of reality itself”. Arendt claims that the characteristic that sets totalitarianism apart from tyrannical and dictatorial regimes is precisely the modern sophistic victory at the expense of reality, a victory that, she argues, institutes a lying world order. Indeed, her discussion of radical evil in the Origins of Totalitarianism cannot be understood apart from her continuing preoccupation with the problem of this particular kind of political deception.Less
This chapter addresses the question whether totalitarianism is a threat today. It considers one element of totalitarianism that Hannah Arendt was herself very concerned about—a “lying world order.” At the outset of Origins of Totalitarianism, Arendt raises the issue of political deception, considering the difference between the ancient and modern sophists and their relation to truth and reality. She argues that while the ancient sophists were satisfied with “a passing victory of the argument at the expense of truth”, modern sophists want a great deal more, namely, “a lasting victory at the expense of reality itself”. Arendt claims that the characteristic that sets totalitarianism apart from tyrannical and dictatorial regimes is precisely the modern sophistic victory at the expense of reality, a victory that, she argues, institutes a lying world order. Indeed, her discussion of radical evil in the Origins of Totalitarianism cannot be understood apart from her continuing preoccupation with the problem of this particular kind of political deception.
Lyndsey Stonebridge
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748642359
- eISBN:
- 9780748652150
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748642359.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
Hannah Arendt later adopted Arthur Koestler's uncompromising title in her description of Europe's refugee population in The Origins of Totalitarianism. In Origins, she developed one of the most ...
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Hannah Arendt later adopted Arthur Koestler's uncompromising title in her description of Europe's refugee population in The Origins of Totalitarianism. In Origins, she developed one of the most subtle and complex critiques of how the twentieth century ruptured historical fantasies about the inalienable sanctity of rights to emerge out of the war. Arendt's irony in ‘We Refugees’ both gives vent to the rage of a ‘we’ torn brutally from its language, occupation and memory and, through a subtle ventriloquism, protests against attempts to normalise the position of the refugee. The problem of the refugee for political life, Arendt later argued in Origins, is that her very non-political existence illuminates ‘the dark background of mere givenness’: that is, a life before rights, a non-political existence – the ‘background formed by our unchangeable and unique nature’, which is governed not by law, but by difference.Less
Hannah Arendt later adopted Arthur Koestler's uncompromising title in her description of Europe's refugee population in The Origins of Totalitarianism. In Origins, she developed one of the most subtle and complex critiques of how the twentieth century ruptured historical fantasies about the inalienable sanctity of rights to emerge out of the war. Arendt's irony in ‘We Refugees’ both gives vent to the rage of a ‘we’ torn brutally from its language, occupation and memory and, through a subtle ventriloquism, protests against attempts to normalise the position of the refugee. The problem of the refugee for political life, Arendt later argued in Origins, is that her very non-political existence illuminates ‘the dark background of mere givenness’: that is, a life before rights, a non-political existence – the ‘background formed by our unchangeable and unique nature’, which is governed not by law, but by difference.
Martin Blumenthal-Barby
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801478123
- eISBN:
- 9780801467394
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801478123.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature
This chapter focuses on Hannah Arendt’s study of the question of “style” in historiographical narration. It analyzes Arendt’s book, Origins of Totalitarianism, and determines her own style, while ...
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This chapter focuses on Hannah Arendt’s study of the question of “style” in historiographical narration. It analyzes Arendt’s book, Origins of Totalitarianism, and determines her own style, while questioning how its efficacy relates to the problem of understanding totalitarianism. In response to political philosopher Eric Voegelin, a reviewer of Origins, Arendt elaborates on her decision to allocate more historiographical legitimacy to metaphorical thinking than to statistical science. She treats the merits of metaphorical thinking on the basis of a metaphor employed in Origins—that of the Nazi concentration camp as a place of “Hell.” Arendt feels that a heavy reliance on the explanatory power of quantitative material means prolonging the logic of Nazism or, more generally, the biopolitical logic of totalitarian politics.Less
This chapter focuses on Hannah Arendt’s study of the question of “style” in historiographical narration. It analyzes Arendt’s book, Origins of Totalitarianism, and determines her own style, while questioning how its efficacy relates to the problem of understanding totalitarianism. In response to political philosopher Eric Voegelin, a reviewer of Origins, Arendt elaborates on her decision to allocate more historiographical legitimacy to metaphorical thinking than to statistical science. She treats the merits of metaphorical thinking on the basis of a metaphor employed in Origins—that of the Nazi concentration camp as a place of “Hell.” Arendt feels that a heavy reliance on the explanatory power of quantitative material means prolonging the logic of Nazism or, more generally, the biopolitical logic of totalitarian politics.
Wacks Raymond
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199668656
- eISBN:
- 9780191748714
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199668656.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Intellectual Property, IT, and Media Law, Human Rights and Immigration
The origins of the right of privacy are traced from Warren and Brandeis’s celebrated 1890 essay, through the development of Prosser’s four privacy torts in US law, and the constitutional application ...
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The origins of the right of privacy are traced from Warren and Brandeis’s celebrated 1890 essay, through the development of Prosser’s four privacy torts in US law, and the constitutional application of ‘privacy’ to a variety of matters including abortion and contraception, such as in Roe v Wade. The law in England, and other common law and European jurisdictions, as well as the international dimension, are described, with a particular emphasis on the law of breach of confidence which, as the progenitor to the contemporary approach to the protection of private information, is analysed in some detail. The chapter also considers Article 8 and Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights.Less
The origins of the right of privacy are traced from Warren and Brandeis’s celebrated 1890 essay, through the development of Prosser’s four privacy torts in US law, and the constitutional application of ‘privacy’ to a variety of matters including abortion and contraception, such as in Roe v Wade. The law in England, and other common law and European jurisdictions, as well as the international dimension, are described, with a particular emphasis on the law of breach of confidence which, as the progenitor to the contemporary approach to the protection of private information, is analysed in some detail. The chapter also considers Article 8 and Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights.
Peter J. Westwick
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300110753
- eISBN:
- 9780300134582
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300110753.003.0017
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This chapter focuses on the discovery in 1996 of a meteorite on Earth—one with possible traces of Martian microbes—that sparked a new program, called Origins. This program laid out transcendent goals ...
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This chapter focuses on the discovery in 1996 of a meteorite on Earth—one with possible traces of Martian microbes—that sparked a new program, called Origins. This program laid out transcendent goals for the post-cold war space program, namely, discovering the origins and fate of the cosmos and of life itself. The new program, together with faster-better-cheaper, provided a flurry of new projects, in astronomy as well as planetary science, and lab managers began to realize that the new programs would provide more eggs for the lab's basket. The big-mission mode, however, persisted in the Cassini mission to Saturn and induced schizophrenia in JPL engineers trying to pursue faster-better-cheaper while still undertaking a flagship mission. Meanwhile, the lab's first faster-better-cheaper mission, Pathfinder, seemed to confirm that JPL had adapted to the new mode and that technical creativity could thrive even when money was lacking.Less
This chapter focuses on the discovery in 1996 of a meteorite on Earth—one with possible traces of Martian microbes—that sparked a new program, called Origins. This program laid out transcendent goals for the post-cold war space program, namely, discovering the origins and fate of the cosmos and of life itself. The new program, together with faster-better-cheaper, provided a flurry of new projects, in astronomy as well as planetary science, and lab managers began to realize that the new programs would provide more eggs for the lab's basket. The big-mission mode, however, persisted in the Cassini mission to Saturn and induced schizophrenia in JPL engineers trying to pursue faster-better-cheaper while still undertaking a flagship mission. Meanwhile, the lab's first faster-better-cheaper mission, Pathfinder, seemed to confirm that JPL had adapted to the new mode and that technical creativity could thrive even when money was lacking.
Andrew Pearson
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781781382837
- eISBN:
- 9781781383957
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781781382837.003.0008
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, African Studies
This chapter narrates the later lives and experiences of the few hundred liberated Africans who settled permanently on St Helena. Although some left of their own accord during the early 1870s others ...
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This chapter narrates the later lives and experiences of the few hundred liberated Africans who settled permanently on St Helena. Although some left of their own accord during the early 1870s others stayed there for life. These Africans came to form a substantial part of St Helena’s community but were, for many years, considered as a separate and inferior part of its society. Their origins, physical appearance, retention of African culture and the failure of many to embrace Christianity all contributed to this situation. Religious and secular education was sporadically in place from the 1840s, and permanently from the 1860s, but most of the former recaptives remained in the lowest tiers of island society. The records about them become increasingly scant as, during the later nineteenth century, the majority intermarried with ‘native’ St Helenians and merged into its general population. Some nevertheless remained apart, retaining a distinct identity through into the 1900s.Less
This chapter narrates the later lives and experiences of the few hundred liberated Africans who settled permanently on St Helena. Although some left of their own accord during the early 1870s others stayed there for life. These Africans came to form a substantial part of St Helena’s community but were, for many years, considered as a separate and inferior part of its society. Their origins, physical appearance, retention of African culture and the failure of many to embrace Christianity all contributed to this situation. Religious and secular education was sporadically in place from the 1840s, and permanently from the 1860s, but most of the former recaptives remained in the lowest tiers of island society. The records about them become increasingly scant as, during the later nineteenth century, the majority intermarried with ‘native’ St Helenians and merged into its general population. Some nevertheless remained apart, retaining a distinct identity through into the 1900s.
Robert J. Savage
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719087332
- eISBN:
- 9781781708804
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719087332.003.0002
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Television
This chapter traces the origins of the BBC in Northern Ireland, addressing how the radio service developed and maintained a close relationship with the unionist government at Stormont. The chapter ...
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This chapter traces the origins of the BBC in Northern Ireland, addressing how the radio service developed and maintained a close relationship with the unionist government at Stormont. The chapter provides context that enables an understanding of how television developed in the province and followed the pattern of radio. When BBC television first came to Northern Ireland its senior management was remarkably deferential to unionist elites and careful not to upset a government that had longed governed without consensus. Unionists did not want to see Northern Ireland defined as ‘Irish’ and programming that featured Irish or Gaelic music or culture provoked controversy. BBC crews that came from ‘mainland Britain’ were not welcomed because their programmes were increasingly viewed as problematic by a regional government that grew uncomfortable with broadcasts that addressed divisions in society and the widespread discrimination that disadvantaged Catholics in local elections, housing and employment. The chapter addresses the critical role television played for the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association in addressing the need for reforms in Northern Ireland in the late 1960s. The chapter concludes by addressing the evolution of BBC television up to the resignation of reforming Prime Minister Terence O’Neill in the spring of 1969 and the outbreak of violence that summer.Less
This chapter traces the origins of the BBC in Northern Ireland, addressing how the radio service developed and maintained a close relationship with the unionist government at Stormont. The chapter provides context that enables an understanding of how television developed in the province and followed the pattern of radio. When BBC television first came to Northern Ireland its senior management was remarkably deferential to unionist elites and careful not to upset a government that had longed governed without consensus. Unionists did not want to see Northern Ireland defined as ‘Irish’ and programming that featured Irish or Gaelic music or culture provoked controversy. BBC crews that came from ‘mainland Britain’ were not welcomed because their programmes were increasingly viewed as problematic by a regional government that grew uncomfortable with broadcasts that addressed divisions in society and the widespread discrimination that disadvantaged Catholics in local elections, housing and employment. The chapter addresses the critical role television played for the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association in addressing the need for reforms in Northern Ireland in the late 1960s. The chapter concludes by addressing the evolution of BBC television up to the resignation of reforming Prime Minister Terence O’Neill in the spring of 1969 and the outbreak of violence that summer.
Joseph H. Lane
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780262028059
- eISBN:
- 9780262325264
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262028059.003.0008
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmental Studies
Joseph H. Lane Jr. argues that although the works of Jean-Jacques Rousseau individually articulate themes that recur in subsequent environmentalist thought, only through recognizing the ...
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Joseph H. Lane Jr. argues that although the works of Jean-Jacques Rousseau individually articulate themes that recur in subsequent environmentalist thought, only through recognizing the interdependence between Rousseau’s works can we ascertain his most important contributions to green theory. Rousseau’s works appear to offer self-contradictory understandings of the relationship between nature and politics, but Rousseau was explicating the complexity of that relationship as it was being transformed by the Enlightenment and the emergence of modernity. Rousseau’s writings articulate a complex and interdependent system of thought that explores the paradoxes inherent in modern life, and as such, may help us understand both the promise and the limits of enshrining “Nature” as the value to be preserved in our efforts to temper and control the destructive powers of modern technologies. Rousseau’s writings are essential to understanding the complex interrelationships among various strands of modern environmentalism and our prospects for controlling humanity’s impacts on the natural world.Less
Joseph H. Lane Jr. argues that although the works of Jean-Jacques Rousseau individually articulate themes that recur in subsequent environmentalist thought, only through recognizing the interdependence between Rousseau’s works can we ascertain his most important contributions to green theory. Rousseau’s works appear to offer self-contradictory understandings of the relationship between nature and politics, but Rousseau was explicating the complexity of that relationship as it was being transformed by the Enlightenment and the emergence of modernity. Rousseau’s writings articulate a complex and interdependent system of thought that explores the paradoxes inherent in modern life, and as such, may help us understand both the promise and the limits of enshrining “Nature” as the value to be preserved in our efforts to temper and control the destructive powers of modern technologies. Rousseau’s writings are essential to understanding the complex interrelationships among various strands of modern environmentalism and our prospects for controlling humanity’s impacts on the natural world.
Alain Badiou
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262029681
- eISBN:
- 9780262330008
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262029681.003.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
Adapted from his 1985 seminar on Parmenides, here Badiou challenges the conceptual legend of Parmenides as the founder of philosophy. Badiou considers the reasons for just such a designation of ...
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Adapted from his 1985 seminar on Parmenides, here Badiou challenges the conceptual legend of Parmenides as the founder of philosophy. Badiou considers the reasons for just such a designation of origin, affirmed by Plato to Hegel to Heidegger. Under examination is the significance of Parmenides’ use of poetic expression, the conceptual and historical conditions Parmenides obeys by pronouncing on being and non-being, and conjectures as to the uniqueness of such a delimitation of difference between being, non-being and seeming. Badiou asks, if philosophy is established as a decision between these differences, is Parmenides the proper founder of this place of decision? Badiou questions whether founding the “crossroads of decision” is a patently philosophical act, by elaborating an ‘Eastern dimension’ of similar nature and in close examination of ancient Egyptian and Indian texts. Since spiritual discourses--cosmologies, mythologies—often lend sacral advice on the very matters of being and non-being, Badiou poses, what is it that founds philosophy as a distinct discourse?Less
Adapted from his 1985 seminar on Parmenides, here Badiou challenges the conceptual legend of Parmenides as the founder of philosophy. Badiou considers the reasons for just such a designation of origin, affirmed by Plato to Hegel to Heidegger. Under examination is the significance of Parmenides’ use of poetic expression, the conceptual and historical conditions Parmenides obeys by pronouncing on being and non-being, and conjectures as to the uniqueness of such a delimitation of difference between being, non-being and seeming. Badiou asks, if philosophy is established as a decision between these differences, is Parmenides the proper founder of this place of decision? Badiou questions whether founding the “crossroads of decision” is a patently philosophical act, by elaborating an ‘Eastern dimension’ of similar nature and in close examination of ancient Egyptian and Indian texts. Since spiritual discourses--cosmologies, mythologies—often lend sacral advice on the very matters of being and non-being, Badiou poses, what is it that founds philosophy as a distinct discourse?
Daniel D. Hutto and Erik Myin
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780262036115
- eISBN:
- 9780262339773
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262036115.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
Chapter 6 sets out to show REC can allow for content-involving cognition in nature without itself falling foul of the Hard Problem of Content and without introducing unbridgeable evolutionary ...
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Chapter 6 sets out to show REC can allow for content-involving cognition in nature without itself falling foul of the Hard Problem of Content and without introducing unbridgeable evolutionary discontinuity or gaps in nature. Thus it crucially defuses critical concerns about REC’s NOC program in order to establish that it is a tenable way of explaining the how content-involving cognition arose and arises naturally, and where content can be found in nature. It then lays out the broad outlines of REC’s proposed explanation for the Natural Origins of Content – its NOC program that draws on Neo-Pragmatist resources and advocates the adoption of a Relaxed as opposed to Strict Scientific Naturalism. It advances a multi-storey explanation, involving kinks not breaks. This explains how content-involving cognition could have arisen through the mastery of special socio-cultural practices, providing new resources but without changing the fundamental character of cognition. Its basic sketch of how the NOC program might be pursued paves the way for further research.Less
Chapter 6 sets out to show REC can allow for content-involving cognition in nature without itself falling foul of the Hard Problem of Content and without introducing unbridgeable evolutionary discontinuity or gaps in nature. Thus it crucially defuses critical concerns about REC’s NOC program in order to establish that it is a tenable way of explaining the how content-involving cognition arose and arises naturally, and where content can be found in nature. It then lays out the broad outlines of REC’s proposed explanation for the Natural Origins of Content – its NOC program that draws on Neo-Pragmatist resources and advocates the adoption of a Relaxed as opposed to Strict Scientific Naturalism. It advances a multi-storey explanation, involving kinks not breaks. This explains how content-involving cognition could have arisen through the mastery of special socio-cultural practices, providing new resources but without changing the fundamental character of cognition. Its basic sketch of how the NOC program might be pursued paves the way for further research.
Robert N. Kraft
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781479821600
- eISBN:
- 9781479870288
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479821600.003.0002
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter addresses how to conduct meaningful behavioral research on violence. One effective approache is to interview individuals who have actually committed collective violence in the past, and ...
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This chapter addresses how to conduct meaningful behavioral research on violence. One effective approache is to interview individuals who have actually committed collective violence in the past, and to analyze their responses. Robert Lifton's seminal and provocative work, The Nazi Doctors, introduced this approach by analyzing interviews with twenty-eight physicians involved in Nazi medicine, five of whom had worked in concentration camps as SS physicians or in medical experiments. Three major studies have extended Lifton's approach—Violence Workers, The Psychological Origins of Institutionalized Torture, and Machete Season. These interviews studies are informative, revealing strong influences and individual decisions responsible for horrifying violence work.Less
This chapter addresses how to conduct meaningful behavioral research on violence. One effective approache is to interview individuals who have actually committed collective violence in the past, and to analyze their responses. Robert Lifton's seminal and provocative work, The Nazi Doctors, introduced this approach by analyzing interviews with twenty-eight physicians involved in Nazi medicine, five of whom had worked in concentration camps as SS physicians or in medical experiments. Three major studies have extended Lifton's approach—Violence Workers, The Psychological Origins of Institutionalized Torture, and Machete Season. These interviews studies are informative, revealing strong influences and individual decisions responsible for horrifying violence work.
David Wastell and Sue White
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781447322337
- eISBN:
- 9781447322351
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447322337.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
This chapterr shifts the focus from animals to humans, and examines the extant literature on the human epigenome. It reviews seminal work on the impact of natural disasters (such as the Dutch Hunger ...
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This chapterr shifts the focus from animals to humans, and examines the extant literature on the human epigenome. It reviews seminal work on the impact of natural disasters (such as the Dutch Hunger Winter) on the epigenetic profile of those subject to these calamities. It describes how gestation and early infancy are reconfigured as a site of risk. It interrogates the nature of the claims made within the literature and also examines the thought style and presuppositions, particularly in those studies which seek to translate findings from laboratory to the clinic and public health policy. The small size of the effects on human populations is also highlighted, compared to other influences such as social deprivation.Less
This chapterr shifts the focus from animals to humans, and examines the extant literature on the human epigenome. It reviews seminal work on the impact of natural disasters (such as the Dutch Hunger Winter) on the epigenetic profile of those subject to these calamities. It describes how gestation and early infancy are reconfigured as a site of risk. It interrogates the nature of the claims made within the literature and also examines the thought style and presuppositions, particularly in those studies which seek to translate findings from laboratory to the clinic and public health policy. The small size of the effects on human populations is also highlighted, compared to other influences such as social deprivation.
