Sherman A. Jackson
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195180817
- eISBN:
- 9780199850259
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195180817.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
This chapter explains the coverage of this book, which is about ideological encounter between Islam and African Americans. The book traces the history of the proto-Islamic black-nationalist spin-off ...
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This chapter explains the coverage of this book, which is about ideological encounter between Islam and African Americans. The book traces the history of the proto-Islamic black-nationalist spin-off movements of the early twentieth century through the rise and preponderance of orthodox Sunni Islam by the century's end. It attempts to explain the ideological dislocations and attempted adjustments that accompanied the shift in the basis of religious authority which followed the influx of Muslims from the Middle East and Asia after the repeal of the National Origins Act and the Asiatic Barred Zone in 1965.Less
This chapter explains the coverage of this book, which is about ideological encounter between Islam and African Americans. The book traces the history of the proto-Islamic black-nationalist spin-off movements of the early twentieth century through the rise and preponderance of orthodox Sunni Islam by the century's end. It attempts to explain the ideological dislocations and attempted adjustments that accompanied the shift in the basis of religious authority which followed the influx of Muslims from the Middle East and Asia after the repeal of the National Origins Act and the Asiatic Barred Zone in 1965.
Martin Bernal
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199595006
- eISBN:
- 9780191731464
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199595006.003.0024
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, African History: BCE to 500CE
This afterword is an autobiographical survey or analysis of the background to the three volume series Black Athena. It treats the author's earlier concerns with cultural contacts between Europe and ...
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This afterword is an autobiographical survey or analysis of the background to the three volume series Black Athena. It treats the author's earlier concerns with cultural contacts between Europe and China and colonialism in Central Africa. It also considers the extent to which these interests prefigured the Black Athena project. There is a short description of his work linking the disappearance of Phoenicians to the appearance of Jews, in which the argument is made that the genetic component of the Jewish community has been exaggerated and the importance of conversion underplayed. The piece concludes with an investigation of the precipitation or provocation of the project by the author's close associations with student and faculty followers of the conservative philosopher Leo Strauss.Less
This afterword is an autobiographical survey or analysis of the background to the three volume series Black Athena. It treats the author's earlier concerns with cultural contacts between Europe and China and colonialism in Central Africa. It also considers the extent to which these interests prefigured the Black Athena project. There is a short description of his work linking the disappearance of Phoenicians to the appearance of Jews, in which the argument is made that the genetic component of the Jewish community has been exaggerated and the importance of conversion underplayed. The piece concludes with an investigation of the precipitation or provocation of the project by the author's close associations with student and faculty followers of the conservative philosopher Leo Strauss.
Catherine Nash
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816690633
- eISBN:
- 9781452950723
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816690633.001.0001
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Cultural and Historical Geography
What might be wrong with genetic accounts of personal or shared ancestry and origins? Genetic studies are often presented as valuable ways of understanding where we come from and how people are ...
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What might be wrong with genetic accounts of personal or shared ancestry and origins? Genetic studies are often presented as valuable ways of understanding where we come from and how people are related. In Genetic Geographies, Catherine Nash pursues their troubling implications for our perception of sexual and national, as well as racial, difference. Bringing an incisive geographical focus to bear on new genetic histories and genetic genealogy, Nash explores the making of ideas of genetic ancestry, indigeneity, and origins; the global human family; and national genetic heritage. In particular, she engages with the science, culture, and commerce of ancestry in the United States and the United Kingdom, including National Geographic’s Genographic Project and the People of the British Isles project. Tracing the tensions and contradictions between the emphasis on human genetic similarity and shared ancestry, and the attention given to distinctive patterns of relatedness and different ancestral origins, Nash challenges the assumption that the concepts of shared ancestry are necessarily progressive. She extends this scrutiny to claims about the “natural” differences between the sexes and the “nature” of reproduction in studies of the geography of human genetic variation. Through its focus on sex, nation, and race, and its novel spatial lens, Genetic Geographies provides a timely critical guide to what happens when genetic science maps relatedness.Less
What might be wrong with genetic accounts of personal or shared ancestry and origins? Genetic studies are often presented as valuable ways of understanding where we come from and how people are related. In Genetic Geographies, Catherine Nash pursues their troubling implications for our perception of sexual and national, as well as racial, difference. Bringing an incisive geographical focus to bear on new genetic histories and genetic genealogy, Nash explores the making of ideas of genetic ancestry, indigeneity, and origins; the global human family; and national genetic heritage. In particular, she engages with the science, culture, and commerce of ancestry in the United States and the United Kingdom, including National Geographic’s Genographic Project and the People of the British Isles project. Tracing the tensions and contradictions between the emphasis on human genetic similarity and shared ancestry, and the attention given to distinctive patterns of relatedness and different ancestral origins, Nash challenges the assumption that the concepts of shared ancestry are necessarily progressive. She extends this scrutiny to claims about the “natural” differences between the sexes and the “nature” of reproduction in studies of the geography of human genetic variation. Through its focus on sex, nation, and race, and its novel spatial lens, Genetic Geographies provides a timely critical guide to what happens when genetic science maps relatedness.
Martin McQuillan
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780748641048
- eISBN:
- 9781474400954
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748641048.003.0032
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
The principle of selection for Paul de Man's volume The Portable Rousseau is presented. The selection combines the theoretical side of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's thought with the more purely literary ...
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The principle of selection for Paul de Man's volume The Portable Rousseau is presented. The selection combines the theoretical side of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's thought with the more purely literary components of the works. It includes such texts as the ‘Essay on the Origins of Language,’ in which the link between Rousseau's reflections on language and his political theory becomes manifest. The book could therefore be used in courses in European civilisation, political theory, the history of the Enlightenment, the European novel, romanticism, or even in linguistics. The two main theoretical texts, The Second Discourse on The Origins of Inequality and Social Contract, are included in unabridged form.Less
The principle of selection for Paul de Man's volume The Portable Rousseau is presented. The selection combines the theoretical side of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's thought with the more purely literary components of the works. It includes such texts as the ‘Essay on the Origins of Language,’ in which the link between Rousseau's reflections on language and his political theory becomes manifest. The book could therefore be used in courses in European civilisation, political theory, the history of the Enlightenment, the European novel, romanticism, or even in linguistics. The two main theoretical texts, The Second Discourse on The Origins of Inequality and Social Contract, are included in unabridged form.
Wes Furlotte
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781474435536
- eISBN:
- 9781474453899
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474435536.003.0007
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
Chapter six, in turn, begins to critically read Hegel against Hegel. It reads his notion of spirit (beginning with finite subjectivity) in terms of the concept of nature established in Part I. The ...
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Chapter six, in turn, begins to critically read Hegel against Hegel. It reads his notion of spirit (beginning with finite subjectivity) in terms of the concept of nature established in Part I. The chapter argues that the problem nature poses for subjective spirit presents itself in two ‘symptomatic’ moments of Hegel’s anthropology. First, in his analysis of subjectivity’s embodiment, its “primordial grasp on the world.” Second, in his analysis of the fetus-mother dynamic. Reconstructing both analyses, the chapter argues that they reveal spirit as over-immersed in exterior determinations and unable to assert itself as an autarkic center, as subject. Over-immersion in its environmental milieu, the chapter argues, is the problem of spirit’s origins, i.e. the problem of nature. It must move beyond this displacement in externality. However, there are no facile guarantees that this will transpire in the concrete actuality of life. Therefore, the origin of spirit is a developmental confrontation with nature and a protracted attempt to break with it.Less
Chapter six, in turn, begins to critically read Hegel against Hegel. It reads his notion of spirit (beginning with finite subjectivity) in terms of the concept of nature established in Part I. The chapter argues that the problem nature poses for subjective spirit presents itself in two ‘symptomatic’ moments of Hegel’s anthropology. First, in his analysis of subjectivity’s embodiment, its “primordial grasp on the world.” Second, in his analysis of the fetus-mother dynamic. Reconstructing both analyses, the chapter argues that they reveal spirit as over-immersed in exterior determinations and unable to assert itself as an autarkic center, as subject. Over-immersion in its environmental milieu, the chapter argues, is the problem of spirit’s origins, i.e. the problem of nature. It must move beyond this displacement in externality. However, there are no facile guarantees that this will transpire in the concrete actuality of life. Therefore, the origin of spirit is a developmental confrontation with nature and a protracted attempt to break with it.
Yue Chim Richard Wong
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9789888139446
- eISBN:
- 9789888180349
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888139446.003.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
In a 2010 press conference, Premier Wen Jiabao said that Hong Kong has a number of deep contradictions that had to be tackled. He spoke of five principal issues that Hong Kong had to face in the ...
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In a 2010 press conference, Premier Wen Jiabao said that Hong Kong has a number of deep contradictions that had to be tackled. He spoke of five principal issues that Hong Kong had to face in the process of dual integration (the integration with both mainland China and the world economy). Hong Kong's deep contradictions spring from the broader phenomenon of the mushrooming of emerging economies around the globe, and this brings forth opportunities and challenges.Less
In a 2010 press conference, Premier Wen Jiabao said that Hong Kong has a number of deep contradictions that had to be tackled. He spoke of five principal issues that Hong Kong had to face in the process of dual integration (the integration with both mainland China and the world economy). Hong Kong's deep contradictions spring from the broader phenomenon of the mushrooming of emerging economies around the globe, and this brings forth opportunities and challenges.
Robert E. Newnham
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198520757
- eISBN:
- 9780191916601
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198520757.003.0011
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Geochemistry
The dielectric constant K is a measure of a material’s ability to store electric charge. In scalar form the defining relations are as follows: . . . D = εE, . . . ...
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The dielectric constant K is a measure of a material’s ability to store electric charge. In scalar form the defining relations are as follows: . . . D = εE, . . . where D is the electric displacement measured in C/m2, ε is the electric permittivity in F/m, and E is electric field in V/m. The dielectric constant K is the relative permittivity: . . . K = ε/ε0, . . . where ε0 = 8.85 × 10−12 F/m is the permittivity of free space. The electric displacement D is equal to the sum of the charges stored on the electrode plus those originating from the polarization, P [C/m2] . . . D = ε0 E + P. . . . In this chapter we discuss the tensor nature of the dielectric constant, how it is represented geometrically, and some typical structure–property relationships. Dielectric constants range over about four orders of magnitude in insulator materials. Because of their low density, gases have dielectric constants only slightly larger than one. At one atmosphere, the dielectric constant of air is 1.0006. Most common ceramics and polymers have dielectric constants in the range between 2 and 10. Polyethylene is 2.3 and silica glass is 3.8. These are low-density dielectrics with substantially covalent bonding. More ionic materials like NaCl and Al2O3 have slightly higher K values in the 6–10 range. High K materials like water (K ∽ 80) and BaTiO3 (K∽1000) have special polarization mechanisms involving rotating dipoles or ferroelectric phase transformations. A schematic view of the principal types of polarization mechanisms is illustrated in Fig. 9.1. The electronic component of polarization arising from field-induced changes in the electron cloud around each atom is found in all matter. The ionic contribution is also common and is associated with the relative motions of cations and anions in an electric field. Orientational polarizability arises from the rotation of molecular dipoles in the field. These motions are common in organic substances. Many materials also contain mobile charge carriers in the form of ions or electrons that can migrate under applied fields.
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The dielectric constant K is a measure of a material’s ability to store electric charge. In scalar form the defining relations are as follows: . . . D = εE, . . . where D is the electric displacement measured in C/m2, ε is the electric permittivity in F/m, and E is electric field in V/m. The dielectric constant K is the relative permittivity: . . . K = ε/ε0, . . . where ε0 = 8.85 × 10−12 F/m is the permittivity of free space. The electric displacement D is equal to the sum of the charges stored on the electrode plus those originating from the polarization, P [C/m2] . . . D = ε0 E + P. . . . In this chapter we discuss the tensor nature of the dielectric constant, how it is represented geometrically, and some typical structure–property relationships. Dielectric constants range over about four orders of magnitude in insulator materials. Because of their low density, gases have dielectric constants only slightly larger than one. At one atmosphere, the dielectric constant of air is 1.0006. Most common ceramics and polymers have dielectric constants in the range between 2 and 10. Polyethylene is 2.3 and silica glass is 3.8. These are low-density dielectrics with substantially covalent bonding. More ionic materials like NaCl and Al2O3 have slightly higher K values in the 6–10 range. High K materials like water (K ∽ 80) and BaTiO3 (K∽1000) have special polarization mechanisms involving rotating dipoles or ferroelectric phase transformations. A schematic view of the principal types of polarization mechanisms is illustrated in Fig. 9.1. The electronic component of polarization arising from field-induced changes in the electron cloud around each atom is found in all matter. The ionic contribution is also common and is associated with the relative motions of cations and anions in an electric field. Orientational polarizability arises from the rotation of molecular dipoles in the field. These motions are common in organic substances. Many materials also contain mobile charge carriers in the form of ions or electrons that can migrate under applied fields.
Jonathan Haas and Winifred Creamer
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780813038087
- eISBN:
- 9780813043128
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813038087.003.0011
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology
The Norte Chico region witnessed an early florescence of mound construction at more than 30 Late Archaic (3000 to 1800 B.C.) sites in an area of only 1800 sq km. Each of these sites has from 1 to 7 ...
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The Norte Chico region witnessed an early florescence of mound construction at more than 30 Late Archaic (3000 to 1800 B.C.) sites in an area of only 1800 sq km. Each of these sites has from 1 to 7 mounds ranging from 3000 to 100,000 cu m in volume. In looking at the emergence of this complex cultural system, a critical question is how and why these mounds were constructed over many generations. This chapter will examine evidence for the scale of labor involved in mound construction and for (or against) centralized organization of labor.Less
The Norte Chico region witnessed an early florescence of mound construction at more than 30 Late Archaic (3000 to 1800 B.C.) sites in an area of only 1800 sq km. Each of these sites has from 1 to 7 mounds ranging from 3000 to 100,000 cu m in volume. In looking at the emergence of this complex cultural system, a critical question is how and why these mounds were constructed over many generations. This chapter will examine evidence for the scale of labor involved in mound construction and for (or against) centralized organization of labor.
Christina A. Ziegler-McPherson
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813033617
- eISBN:
- 9780813039718
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813033617.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Social History
In the 1920s, as the national obsession about immigrant loyalty and the meaning of American citizenship peaked and then ebbed in favor of immigration restriction, pro-immigration progressives ...
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In the 1920s, as the national obsession about immigrant loyalty and the meaning of American citizenship peaked and then ebbed in favor of immigration restriction, pro-immigration progressives suffered attacks on their policies of Americanization. As the country became more politically conservative, immigrant social welfare agencies in New York, California, and Massachusetts struggled to maintain programs designed to reform the social environment to facilitate immigrants' adoption of a more “American” way of life. Instead, the United States reversed 100 years of immigration policy, adopted a policy that dramatically reduced the number of southern and eastern Europeans admitted, and totally barred Asian immigrants. This new immigration policy defined American citizenship and national identity in racial terms that progressive Americanizers had rarely used. By the time of passage of the 1929 National Origins Act, Americanization as an expression of immigrant social welfare policy was politically dead in most states.Less
In the 1920s, as the national obsession about immigrant loyalty and the meaning of American citizenship peaked and then ebbed in favor of immigration restriction, pro-immigration progressives suffered attacks on their policies of Americanization. As the country became more politically conservative, immigrant social welfare agencies in New York, California, and Massachusetts struggled to maintain programs designed to reform the social environment to facilitate immigrants' adoption of a more “American” way of life. Instead, the United States reversed 100 years of immigration policy, adopted a policy that dramatically reduced the number of southern and eastern Europeans admitted, and totally barred Asian immigrants. This new immigration policy defined American citizenship and national identity in racial terms that progressive Americanizers had rarely used. By the time of passage of the 1929 National Origins Act, Americanization as an expression of immigrant social welfare policy was politically dead in most states.
Simon Balto
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781469649597
- eISBN:
- 9781469649610
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469649597.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
The book’s prologue briefly sketches the colonization of Indigenous land that led to Chicago’s founding and rapid urbanization, and then focuses on two important phenomena within that larger story: ...
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The book’s prologue briefly sketches the colonization of Indigenous land that led to Chicago’s founding and rapid urbanization, and then focuses on two important phenomena within that larger story: the origins of policing in the city and the Great Migration of Black Americans that produced the city’s famed “Black Metropolis.” It shows how the Chicago Police Department’s origins lay not in some vague interest in public safety, but rather in controlling labor radicalism and the behavior of European immigrants. It also documents how the promise of Chicago for migrating Black Southerners was often quite different than the reality that they found within the city.Less
The book’s prologue briefly sketches the colonization of Indigenous land that led to Chicago’s founding and rapid urbanization, and then focuses on two important phenomena within that larger story: the origins of policing in the city and the Great Migration of Black Americans that produced the city’s famed “Black Metropolis.” It shows how the Chicago Police Department’s origins lay not in some vague interest in public safety, but rather in controlling labor radicalism and the behavior of European immigrants. It also documents how the promise of Chicago for migrating Black Southerners was often quite different than the reality that they found within the city.
Jonathan Bean
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813125459
- eISBN:
- 9780813135205
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813125459.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
In the 1920s, lynching and mob violence still existed, terrorizing African Americans in the South, and occasionally the North and West. The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) revived in a new form, attacking not ...
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In the 1920s, lynching and mob violence still existed, terrorizing African Americans in the South, and occasionally the North and West. The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) revived in a new form, attacking not only blacks but also Catholics, Jews, and immigrants. By the mid-1920s, the KKK reached millions in membership, before disintegrating in the midst of scandal and counterattacks by opponents. Republicans passed an anti-lynching bill but weakened when a Democratic filibuster thwarted all other issues on the congressional agenda. President Warren Harding spoke courageously against southern racism, but Democratic victories in Congress restrained his power to do more. The National Origins Quota Act of 1924, signed by President Calvin Coolidge, shut down immigration for decades to come. Hebert Hoover, the secretary of commerce, desegregated his agency's workforce and won the support of the majority of black voters for his GOP ticket.Less
In the 1920s, lynching and mob violence still existed, terrorizing African Americans in the South, and occasionally the North and West. The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) revived in a new form, attacking not only blacks but also Catholics, Jews, and immigrants. By the mid-1920s, the KKK reached millions in membership, before disintegrating in the midst of scandal and counterattacks by opponents. Republicans passed an anti-lynching bill but weakened when a Democratic filibuster thwarted all other issues on the congressional agenda. President Warren Harding spoke courageously against southern racism, but Democratic victories in Congress restrained his power to do more. The National Origins Quota Act of 1924, signed by President Calvin Coolidge, shut down immigration for decades to come. Hebert Hoover, the secretary of commerce, desegregated his agency's workforce and won the support of the majority of black voters for his GOP ticket.
Richard A. Courage and Christopher Robert Reed
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780252043055
- eISBN:
- 9780252051913
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252043055.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
This anthology engages questions about origins of the Black Chicago Renaissance (1930-1955) from wide-ranging disciplinary perspectives. It traces a foundational stage from the 1893 World’s Columbian ...
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This anthology engages questions about origins of the Black Chicago Renaissance (1930-1955) from wide-ranging disciplinary perspectives. It traces a foundational stage from the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition to onset of the Depression. Eleven essays contribute to recovering understudied black artists and intellectuals, remapping African American cultural geography beyond and before 1920s Harlem, and reconceptualizing the paradigm of urban black renaissance. Contributors probe the public lives and achievements, class and family backgrounds, education and training, areas of residency, and institutional affiliations of such African American cultural pioneers as writers Fannie Barrier Williams, James David Corrothers, Ida B. Wells-Barnett, and Fenton Johnson; visual artists William E. Scott, Charles C. Dawson, and King Daniel Ganaway; and dance teacher Hazel Thompson Davis. Organized chronologically and deploying rich archival explorations, these essays unearth local resonances of such world-changing events as the Columbian Exposition, First World War, Great Migration, 1919 Red Summer, and Jazz Age. They identify internally-generated, transformative forces that supported emergence of creative individuals and cultural circles committed to professional work in arts and letters. These individuals were often identified with the appellation “New Negro,” whose multiple (sequential, overlapping) meanings are explored in relation to the formation and growth of a geographically compact, racially homogenous, and increasingly autonomous Black Metropolis.Less
This anthology engages questions about origins of the Black Chicago Renaissance (1930-1955) from wide-ranging disciplinary perspectives. It traces a foundational stage from the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition to onset of the Depression. Eleven essays contribute to recovering understudied black artists and intellectuals, remapping African American cultural geography beyond and before 1920s Harlem, and reconceptualizing the paradigm of urban black renaissance. Contributors probe the public lives and achievements, class and family backgrounds, education and training, areas of residency, and institutional affiliations of such African American cultural pioneers as writers Fannie Barrier Williams, James David Corrothers, Ida B. Wells-Barnett, and Fenton Johnson; visual artists William E. Scott, Charles C. Dawson, and King Daniel Ganaway; and dance teacher Hazel Thompson Davis. Organized chronologically and deploying rich archival explorations, these essays unearth local resonances of such world-changing events as the Columbian Exposition, First World War, Great Migration, 1919 Red Summer, and Jazz Age. They identify internally-generated, transformative forces that supported emergence of creative individuals and cultural circles committed to professional work in arts and letters. These individuals were often identified with the appellation “New Negro,” whose multiple (sequential, overlapping) meanings are explored in relation to the formation and growth of a geographically compact, racially homogenous, and increasingly autonomous Black Metropolis.
Peg Birmingham
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823230754
- eISBN:
- 9780823235858
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823230754.003.0007
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy
This chapter addresses the question whether totalitarianism is a threat today. It considers one element of totalitarianism that Hannah Arendt was herself very concerned ...
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This chapter addresses the question whether totalitarianism is a threat today. It considers one element of totalitarianism that Hannah Arendt was herself very concerned about—a “lying world order.” At the outset of Origins of Totalitarianism, Arendt raises the issue of political deception, considering the difference between the ancient and modern sophists and their relation to truth and reality. She argues that while the ancient sophists were satisfied with “a passing victory of the argument at the expense of truth”, modern sophists want a great deal more, namely, “a lasting victory at the expense of reality itself”. Arendt claims that the characteristic that sets totalitarianism apart from tyrannical and dictatorial regimes is precisely the modern sophistic victory at the expense of reality, a victory that, she argues, institutes a lying world order. Indeed, her discussion of radical evil in the Origins of Totalitarianism cannot be understood apart from her continuing preoccupation with the problem of this particular kind of political deception.Less
This chapter addresses the question whether totalitarianism is a threat today. It considers one element of totalitarianism that Hannah Arendt was herself very concerned about—a “lying world order.” At the outset of Origins of Totalitarianism, Arendt raises the issue of political deception, considering the difference between the ancient and modern sophists and their relation to truth and reality. She argues that while the ancient sophists were satisfied with “a passing victory of the argument at the expense of truth”, modern sophists want a great deal more, namely, “a lasting victory at the expense of reality itself”. Arendt claims that the characteristic that sets totalitarianism apart from tyrannical and dictatorial regimes is precisely the modern sophistic victory at the expense of reality, a victory that, she argues, institutes a lying world order. Indeed, her discussion of radical evil in the Origins of Totalitarianism cannot be understood apart from her continuing preoccupation with the problem of this particular kind of political deception.
Lyndsey Stonebridge
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748642359
- eISBN:
- 9780748652150
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748642359.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
Hannah Arendt later adopted Arthur Koestler's uncompromising title in her description of Europe's refugee population in The Origins of Totalitarianism. In Origins, she developed one of the most ...
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Hannah Arendt later adopted Arthur Koestler's uncompromising title in her description of Europe's refugee population in The Origins of Totalitarianism. In Origins, she developed one of the most subtle and complex critiques of how the twentieth century ruptured historical fantasies about the inalienable sanctity of rights to emerge out of the war. Arendt's irony in ‘We Refugees’ both gives vent to the rage of a ‘we’ torn brutally from its language, occupation and memory and, through a subtle ventriloquism, protests against attempts to normalise the position of the refugee. The problem of the refugee for political life, Arendt later argued in Origins, is that her very non-political existence illuminates ‘the dark background of mere givenness’: that is, a life before rights, a non-political existence – the ‘background formed by our unchangeable and unique nature’, which is governed not by law, but by difference.Less
Hannah Arendt later adopted Arthur Koestler's uncompromising title in her description of Europe's refugee population in The Origins of Totalitarianism. In Origins, she developed one of the most subtle and complex critiques of how the twentieth century ruptured historical fantasies about the inalienable sanctity of rights to emerge out of the war. Arendt's irony in ‘We Refugees’ both gives vent to the rage of a ‘we’ torn brutally from its language, occupation and memory and, through a subtle ventriloquism, protests against attempts to normalise the position of the refugee. The problem of the refugee for political life, Arendt later argued in Origins, is that her very non-political existence illuminates ‘the dark background of mere givenness’: that is, a life before rights, a non-political existence – the ‘background formed by our unchangeable and unique nature’, which is governed not by law, but by difference.
Wacks Raymond
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199668656
- eISBN:
- 9780191748714
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199668656.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Intellectual Property, IT, and Media Law, Human Rights and Immigration
The origins of the right of privacy are traced from Warren and Brandeis’s celebrated 1890 essay, through the development of Prosser’s four privacy torts in US law, and the constitutional application ...
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The origins of the right of privacy are traced from Warren and Brandeis’s celebrated 1890 essay, through the development of Prosser’s four privacy torts in US law, and the constitutional application of ‘privacy’ to a variety of matters including abortion and contraception, such as in Roe v Wade. The law in England, and other common law and European jurisdictions, as well as the international dimension, are described, with a particular emphasis on the law of breach of confidence which, as the progenitor to the contemporary approach to the protection of private information, is analysed in some detail. The chapter also considers Article 8 and Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights.Less
The origins of the right of privacy are traced from Warren and Brandeis’s celebrated 1890 essay, through the development of Prosser’s four privacy torts in US law, and the constitutional application of ‘privacy’ to a variety of matters including abortion and contraception, such as in Roe v Wade. The law in England, and other common law and European jurisdictions, as well as the international dimension, are described, with a particular emphasis on the law of breach of confidence which, as the progenitor to the contemporary approach to the protection of private information, is analysed in some detail. The chapter also considers Article 8 and Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights.
Martin Blumenthal-Barby
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801478123
- eISBN:
- 9780801467394
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801478123.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature
This chapter focuses on Hannah Arendt’s study of the question of “style” in historiographical narration. It analyzes Arendt’s book, Origins of Totalitarianism, and determines her own style, while ...
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This chapter focuses on Hannah Arendt’s study of the question of “style” in historiographical narration. It analyzes Arendt’s book, Origins of Totalitarianism, and determines her own style, while questioning how its efficacy relates to the problem of understanding totalitarianism. In response to political philosopher Eric Voegelin, a reviewer of Origins, Arendt elaborates on her decision to allocate more historiographical legitimacy to metaphorical thinking than to statistical science. She treats the merits of metaphorical thinking on the basis of a metaphor employed in Origins—that of the Nazi concentration camp as a place of “Hell.” Arendt feels that a heavy reliance on the explanatory power of quantitative material means prolonging the logic of Nazism or, more generally, the biopolitical logic of totalitarian politics.Less
This chapter focuses on Hannah Arendt’s study of the question of “style” in historiographical narration. It analyzes Arendt’s book, Origins of Totalitarianism, and determines her own style, while questioning how its efficacy relates to the problem of understanding totalitarianism. In response to political philosopher Eric Voegelin, a reviewer of Origins, Arendt elaborates on her decision to allocate more historiographical legitimacy to metaphorical thinking than to statistical science. She treats the merits of metaphorical thinking on the basis of a metaphor employed in Origins—that of the Nazi concentration camp as a place of “Hell.” Arendt feels that a heavy reliance on the explanatory power of quantitative material means prolonging the logic of Nazism or, more generally, the biopolitical logic of totalitarian politics.
Peter J. Westwick
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300110753
- eISBN:
- 9780300134582
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300110753.003.0017
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This chapter focuses on the discovery in 1996 of a meteorite on Earth—one with possible traces of Martian microbes—that sparked a new program, called Origins. This program laid out transcendent goals ...
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This chapter focuses on the discovery in 1996 of a meteorite on Earth—one with possible traces of Martian microbes—that sparked a new program, called Origins. This program laid out transcendent goals for the post-cold war space program, namely, discovering the origins and fate of the cosmos and of life itself. The new program, together with faster-better-cheaper, provided a flurry of new projects, in astronomy as well as planetary science, and lab managers began to realize that the new programs would provide more eggs for the lab's basket. The big-mission mode, however, persisted in the Cassini mission to Saturn and induced schizophrenia in JPL engineers trying to pursue faster-better-cheaper while still undertaking a flagship mission. Meanwhile, the lab's first faster-better-cheaper mission, Pathfinder, seemed to confirm that JPL had adapted to the new mode and that technical creativity could thrive even when money was lacking.Less
This chapter focuses on the discovery in 1996 of a meteorite on Earth—one with possible traces of Martian microbes—that sparked a new program, called Origins. This program laid out transcendent goals for the post-cold war space program, namely, discovering the origins and fate of the cosmos and of life itself. The new program, together with faster-better-cheaper, provided a flurry of new projects, in astronomy as well as planetary science, and lab managers began to realize that the new programs would provide more eggs for the lab's basket. The big-mission mode, however, persisted in the Cassini mission to Saturn and induced schizophrenia in JPL engineers trying to pursue faster-better-cheaper while still undertaking a flagship mission. Meanwhile, the lab's first faster-better-cheaper mission, Pathfinder, seemed to confirm that JPL had adapted to the new mode and that technical creativity could thrive even when money was lacking.
Joseph H. Lane
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780262028059
- eISBN:
- 9780262325264
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262028059.003.0008
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmental Studies
Joseph H. Lane Jr. argues that although the works of Jean-Jacques Rousseau individually articulate themes that recur in subsequent environmentalist thought, only through recognizing the ...
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Joseph H. Lane Jr. argues that although the works of Jean-Jacques Rousseau individually articulate themes that recur in subsequent environmentalist thought, only through recognizing the interdependence between Rousseau’s works can we ascertain his most important contributions to green theory. Rousseau’s works appear to offer self-contradictory understandings of the relationship between nature and politics, but Rousseau was explicating the complexity of that relationship as it was being transformed by the Enlightenment and the emergence of modernity. Rousseau’s writings articulate a complex and interdependent system of thought that explores the paradoxes inherent in modern life, and as such, may help us understand both the promise and the limits of enshrining “Nature” as the value to be preserved in our efforts to temper and control the destructive powers of modern technologies. Rousseau’s writings are essential to understanding the complex interrelationships among various strands of modern environmentalism and our prospects for controlling humanity’s impacts on the natural world.Less
Joseph H. Lane Jr. argues that although the works of Jean-Jacques Rousseau individually articulate themes that recur in subsequent environmentalist thought, only through recognizing the interdependence between Rousseau’s works can we ascertain his most important contributions to green theory. Rousseau’s works appear to offer self-contradictory understandings of the relationship between nature and politics, but Rousseau was explicating the complexity of that relationship as it was being transformed by the Enlightenment and the emergence of modernity. Rousseau’s writings articulate a complex and interdependent system of thought that explores the paradoxes inherent in modern life, and as such, may help us understand both the promise and the limits of enshrining “Nature” as the value to be preserved in our efforts to temper and control the destructive powers of modern technologies. Rousseau’s writings are essential to understanding the complex interrelationships among various strands of modern environmentalism and our prospects for controlling humanity’s impacts on the natural world.
Andrew Pearson
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781781382837
- eISBN:
- 9781781383957
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781781382837.003.0008
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, African Studies
This chapter narrates the later lives and experiences of the few hundred liberated Africans who settled permanently on St Helena. Although some left of their own accord during the early 1870s others ...
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This chapter narrates the later lives and experiences of the few hundred liberated Africans who settled permanently on St Helena. Although some left of their own accord during the early 1870s others stayed there for life. These Africans came to form a substantial part of St Helena’s community but were, for many years, considered as a separate and inferior part of its society. Their origins, physical appearance, retention of African culture and the failure of many to embrace Christianity all contributed to this situation. Religious and secular education was sporadically in place from the 1840s, and permanently from the 1860s, but most of the former recaptives remained in the lowest tiers of island society. The records about them become increasingly scant as, during the later nineteenth century, the majority intermarried with ‘native’ St Helenians and merged into its general population. Some nevertheless remained apart, retaining a distinct identity through into the 1900s.Less
This chapter narrates the later lives and experiences of the few hundred liberated Africans who settled permanently on St Helena. Although some left of their own accord during the early 1870s others stayed there for life. These Africans came to form a substantial part of St Helena’s community but were, for many years, considered as a separate and inferior part of its society. Their origins, physical appearance, retention of African culture and the failure of many to embrace Christianity all contributed to this situation. Religious and secular education was sporadically in place from the 1840s, and permanently from the 1860s, but most of the former recaptives remained in the lowest tiers of island society. The records about them become increasingly scant as, during the later nineteenth century, the majority intermarried with ‘native’ St Helenians and merged into its general population. Some nevertheless remained apart, retaining a distinct identity through into the 1900s.
Abena Dove Osseo-Asare
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226085524
- eISBN:
- 9780226086163
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226086163.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This history of African bioprospecting strengthens understandings of priority, locality, appropriation and benefits. The book indicates herbal preparations and pharmaceuticals have coexisted, as not ...
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This history of African bioprospecting strengthens understandings of priority, locality, appropriation and benefits. The book indicates herbal preparations and pharmaceuticals have coexisted, as not all efforts to supplant plants with pills since the 1880s were successful. Depending on how widely the plants and related information spread across the world, controversies emerged when multiple parties told overlapping narratives of ownership. Periwinkle, pennywort, and grains of paradise indicate relatively widely distributed plants with many competing popular medicinal recipes within open networks of exchange. This is why it was difficult for activists to get Eli Lilly to redistribute benefits from periwinkle drugs, or even La Roche and Ratsimanaga to pass on profits with respect to pennywort. Strophanthus and Cryptolepis were less widely known, but they did not lead to a discourse of benefit-sharing along ethnic lines in Ghana. After apartheid, Hoodia shows South Africans hoped to close access to information on plants.Less
This history of African bioprospecting strengthens understandings of priority, locality, appropriation and benefits. The book indicates herbal preparations and pharmaceuticals have coexisted, as not all efforts to supplant plants with pills since the 1880s were successful. Depending on how widely the plants and related information spread across the world, controversies emerged when multiple parties told overlapping narratives of ownership. Periwinkle, pennywort, and grains of paradise indicate relatively widely distributed plants with many competing popular medicinal recipes within open networks of exchange. This is why it was difficult for activists to get Eli Lilly to redistribute benefits from periwinkle drugs, or even La Roche and Ratsimanaga to pass on profits with respect to pennywort. Strophanthus and Cryptolepis were less widely known, but they did not lead to a discourse of benefit-sharing along ethnic lines in Ghana. After apartheid, Hoodia shows South Africans hoped to close access to information on plants.
