Ryan Gingeras
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780198716020
- eISBN:
- 9780191784279
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198716020.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History, Social History
This book explores the history of organized crime in Turkey and the roles gangs and gangsters have played in the making of the Turkish state and Turkish politics. Turkey’s underworld, which has been ...
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This book explores the history of organized crime in Turkey and the roles gangs and gangsters have played in the making of the Turkish state and Turkish politics. Turkey’s underworld, which has been at the heart of several devastating scandals over the last few decades, is an institution strongly tied to the country’s long history of opium production and heroin trafficking. As an industry at the center of the Ottoman Empire’s long transition into the modern Turkish Republic, the modern rise of the opium and heroin trade helped to solidify and complicate long-standing relationships between state officials and criminal syndicates. Such relationships produced not only ongoing patterns of corruption, but also helped to fuel and enable repeated acts of state violence. Drawing upon new archival sources from the United States and Turkey, including declassified documents from the Prime Minister’s Archives of the Republic of Turkey and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Heroin, Organized Crime, and the Making of Modern Turkey provides a critical window on how a handful of criminal syndicates played supporting roles in the making of national security politics in the contemporary Turkey. The rise of the “Turkish mafia,” from its origins in the late Ottoman period to the so-called Susurluk and Ergenekon scandals, is a story that mirrors troubling elements in the republic’s establishment and emphasizes the transnational and comparative significance of narcotics and gangs in the country’s past.Less
This book explores the history of organized crime in Turkey and the roles gangs and gangsters have played in the making of the Turkish state and Turkish politics. Turkey’s underworld, which has been at the heart of several devastating scandals over the last few decades, is an institution strongly tied to the country’s long history of opium production and heroin trafficking. As an industry at the center of the Ottoman Empire’s long transition into the modern Turkish Republic, the modern rise of the opium and heroin trade helped to solidify and complicate long-standing relationships between state officials and criminal syndicates. Such relationships produced not only ongoing patterns of corruption, but also helped to fuel and enable repeated acts of state violence. Drawing upon new archival sources from the United States and Turkey, including declassified documents from the Prime Minister’s Archives of the Republic of Turkey and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Heroin, Organized Crime, and the Making of Modern Turkey provides a critical window on how a handful of criminal syndicates played supporting roles in the making of national security politics in the contemporary Turkey. The rise of the “Turkish mafia,” from its origins in the late Ottoman period to the so-called Susurluk and Ergenekon scandals, is a story that mirrors troubling elements in the republic’s establishment and emphasizes the transnational and comparative significance of narcotics and gangs in the country’s past.
Holly M. Karibo
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469625201
- eISBN:
- 9781469625225
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469625201.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
Local anti-vice efforts were also shaped in important ways by broader national debates. This chapter examines how the problem of cross-border vice along the nations’ borders was framed by the media, ...
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Local anti-vice efforts were also shaped in important ways by broader national debates. This chapter examines how the problem of cross-border vice along the nations’ borders was framed by the media, lawmakers, and government officials working at the federal level. By examining senate committee investigations that took place in Canada and the US in 1955, this chapter argues that federal officials were united by a similar belief in a prohibitionist ideology, one that emphasized the need to enforce a clear line between acceptable and unacceptable drug use through legal means. Within this prohibitionist framework, federal officials perpetuated racial stereotypes that linked cross-border smuggling with Chinese Communists, Mexican migrants, and European traffickers. While officials along the US-Canada border attempted to portray a united front in their efforts to eliminate trafficking, blaming the drug problem on outsiders often undermined their ability to maintain congenial diplomatic relations. The focus on drug prohibition along the border, then, also came to embody some of the diplomatic tensions that were developing between the US and Canada in the postwar year, tensions that would ultimately affect anti-vice efforts in cities closest to the nations’ borders.Less
Local anti-vice efforts were also shaped in important ways by broader national debates. This chapter examines how the problem of cross-border vice along the nations’ borders was framed by the media, lawmakers, and government officials working at the federal level. By examining senate committee investigations that took place in Canada and the US in 1955, this chapter argues that federal officials were united by a similar belief in a prohibitionist ideology, one that emphasized the need to enforce a clear line between acceptable and unacceptable drug use through legal means. Within this prohibitionist framework, federal officials perpetuated racial stereotypes that linked cross-border smuggling with Chinese Communists, Mexican migrants, and European traffickers. While officials along the US-Canada border attempted to portray a united front in their efforts to eliminate trafficking, blaming the drug problem on outsiders often undermined their ability to maintain congenial diplomatic relations. The focus on drug prohibition along the border, then, also came to embody some of the diplomatic tensions that were developing between the US and Canada in the postwar year, tensions that would ultimately affect anti-vice efforts in cities closest to the nations’ borders.
Taras Kuzio
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780804798457
- eISBN:
- 9781503600102
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804798457.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
In contrast to many other scholars, Taras Kuzio shows how the corruption, shadow economy, and organized crime that plague Ukraine today emerged in the late Soviet period and then took advantage of ...
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In contrast to many other scholars, Taras Kuzio shows how the corruption, shadow economy, and organized crime that plague Ukraine today emerged in the late Soviet period and then took advantage of the collapse of the Soviet Union. Through a detailed analysis of oligarchs’ roles in a wide range of enterprises, he shows empirically how corruption works at the micro-level. He also shows why the foundations of the Donetsk group in organized crime networks prepared it to outcompete the Dnipropetrovsk oligarchs for power in post-Soviet Ukraine. Kuzio’s chapter leaves it clear that the current patterns of “non-reform” that we see in Ukraine are deeply entrenched and resistant to change. While the 2014 revolution opened space for reform, many actors are striving to take advantage of the current turmoil to gain control over economic assets.Less
In contrast to many other scholars, Taras Kuzio shows how the corruption, shadow economy, and organized crime that plague Ukraine today emerged in the late Soviet period and then took advantage of the collapse of the Soviet Union. Through a detailed analysis of oligarchs’ roles in a wide range of enterprises, he shows empirically how corruption works at the micro-level. He also shows why the foundations of the Donetsk group in organized crime networks prepared it to outcompete the Dnipropetrovsk oligarchs for power in post-Soviet Ukraine. Kuzio’s chapter leaves it clear that the current patterns of “non-reform” that we see in Ukraine are deeply entrenched and resistant to change. While the 2014 revolution opened space for reform, many actors are striving to take advantage of the current turmoil to gain control over economic assets.
James M. Denham
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813060491
- eISBN:
- 9780813050638
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813060491.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This book is a narrative history of the operations of the U.S. Middle District Court of Florida from its founding in 1962 to the present. The book sets the court in the social, economic, and ...
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This book is a narrative history of the operations of the U.S. Middle District Court of Florida from its founding in 1962 to the present. The book sets the court in the social, economic, and political context of the time and place. With federal courthouses in Jacksonville, Ocala, Orlando, Tampa, and Fort Myers, the Middle District contains roughly half of Florida’s population of nearly nineteen million and is one of the busiest in the nation. Cases involving organized crime, drugs, civil rights, desegregation, redistricting, First Amendment, employment discrimination, voters rights, kidnapping, the environment, death penalty, abortion rights, the right to die, terrorism, espionage, and a whole host of other types of cases have been litigated in its courtrooms. Over its fifty years Middle District judges made many important decisions that shaped the law and affected thousands of lives in fundamental ways. The lives, times, and work of the district judges, magistrates, and bankruptcy judges are included in these pages. The book also narrates the story of prosecutors, marshals, attorneys, and the many other dedicated officials that made the Middle District of Florida function from its inception in 1962 to the present.Less
This book is a narrative history of the operations of the U.S. Middle District Court of Florida from its founding in 1962 to the present. The book sets the court in the social, economic, and political context of the time and place. With federal courthouses in Jacksonville, Ocala, Orlando, Tampa, and Fort Myers, the Middle District contains roughly half of Florida’s population of nearly nineteen million and is one of the busiest in the nation. Cases involving organized crime, drugs, civil rights, desegregation, redistricting, First Amendment, employment discrimination, voters rights, kidnapping, the environment, death penalty, abortion rights, the right to die, terrorism, espionage, and a whole host of other types of cases have been litigated in its courtrooms. Over its fifty years Middle District judges made many important decisions that shaped the law and affected thousands of lives in fundamental ways. The lives, times, and work of the district judges, magistrates, and bankruptcy judges are included in these pages. The book also narrates the story of prosecutors, marshals, attorneys, and the many other dedicated officials that made the Middle District of Florida function from its inception in 1962 to the present.
James M. Denham
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813060491
- eISBN:
- 9780813050638
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813060491.003.0020
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
The chapter deals with income tax evasion, including beginning discussion of the high-profile Wesley Snipes prosecution. The chapter then turns to Medicare fraud prosecutions. The changing nature of ...
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The chapter deals with income tax evasion, including beginning discussion of the high-profile Wesley Snipes prosecution. The chapter then turns to Medicare fraud prosecutions. The changing nature of organized crime activity in Florida is the next subject covered in the chapter. The employment of “crews” and how they were prosecuted in the Middle District is included. Next the chapter turns to environment disputes, especially plaintiffs’ actions against large-scale developments considered to be outside federal guidelines. Issues such as manatee protection, protecting wetlands, and massive developments that violated existing rules and generally threatened the environment were often before federal judges. Middle District judges adjudicated endangered species questions as well. Finally the chapter turns to bankruptcy in the Middle District Court from 2000 to the present and a number of new additions to the Bankruptcy bar are featured.Less
The chapter deals with income tax evasion, including beginning discussion of the high-profile Wesley Snipes prosecution. The chapter then turns to Medicare fraud prosecutions. The changing nature of organized crime activity in Florida is the next subject covered in the chapter. The employment of “crews” and how they were prosecuted in the Middle District is included. Next the chapter turns to environment disputes, especially plaintiffs’ actions against large-scale developments considered to be outside federal guidelines. Issues such as manatee protection, protecting wetlands, and massive developments that violated existing rules and generally threatened the environment were often before federal judges. Middle District judges adjudicated endangered species questions as well. Finally the chapter turns to bankruptcy in the Middle District Court from 2000 to the present and a number of new additions to the Bankruptcy bar are featured.
Karina Biondi
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781469623405
- eISBN:
- 9781469630328
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469623405.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
The First Command of Capital (Primeiro Comando do Capital - PCC) is a São Paulo prison gang, founded in the 1990s, that has expanded into the most powerful criminal network in Brazil. Karina Biondi’s ...
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The First Command of Capital (Primeiro Comando do Capital - PCC) is a São Paulo prison gang, founded in the 1990s, that has expanded into the most powerful criminal network in Brazil. Karina Biondi’s rich ethnography of the PCC is uniquely informed by her insider-outsider status. Prior to his acquittal, Biondi’s husband was incarcerated in a PCC-dominated prison for several years. During the period of Biondi’s intense and intimate visits with her husband and her extensive fieldwork in prisons and on the streets of São Paulo, the PCC effectively controlled more than 90 percent of São Paulo’s 147 prison facilities.
Available for the first time in English, Biondi's riveting portrait of the PCC illuminates how the organization operates inside and outside of prison, creatively elaborating on a decentered, non-hierarchical, and far-reaching command system. This system challenges both the police forces against which the PCC has declared war and the methods and analytic concepts traditionally employed by social scientists concerned with organized crime, incarceration, and policing. Biondi posits that the PCC embodies a “politics of transcendence,” a group identity that is braided together with, but also autonomous from, its decentralized parts. Biondi also situates the PCC in relation to redemocratization and rampant socioeconomic inequality in Brazil, as well as to counter-state movements, crime, and punishment in the Americas.Less
The First Command of Capital (Primeiro Comando do Capital - PCC) is a São Paulo prison gang, founded in the 1990s, that has expanded into the most powerful criminal network in Brazil. Karina Biondi’s rich ethnography of the PCC is uniquely informed by her insider-outsider status. Prior to his acquittal, Biondi’s husband was incarcerated in a PCC-dominated prison for several years. During the period of Biondi’s intense and intimate visits with her husband and her extensive fieldwork in prisons and on the streets of São Paulo, the PCC effectively controlled more than 90 percent of São Paulo’s 147 prison facilities.
Available for the first time in English, Biondi's riveting portrait of the PCC illuminates how the organization operates inside and outside of prison, creatively elaborating on a decentered, non-hierarchical, and far-reaching command system. This system challenges both the police forces against which the PCC has declared war and the methods and analytic concepts traditionally employed by social scientists concerned with organized crime, incarceration, and policing. Biondi posits that the PCC embodies a “politics of transcendence,” a group identity that is braided together with, but also autonomous from, its decentralized parts. Biondi also situates the PCC in relation to redemocratization and rampant socioeconomic inequality in Brazil, as well as to counter-state movements, crime, and punishment in the Americas.
James M. Denham
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813060491
- eISBN:
- 9780813050638
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813060491.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter covers the U.S. Middle District of Florida from its creation when it was carved out of the U.S. Southern District of Florida in 1962 to 1968. The first judges, U.S. attorney, U.S. ...
More
This chapter covers the U.S. Middle District of Florida from its creation when it was carved out of the U.S. Southern District of Florida in 1962 to 1968. The first judges, U.S. attorney, U.S. Marshal, and other offices and their officers are covered. Pertinent issues of the time during the Kennedy-Johnson years, such as Civil Rights, the War on Poverty, the Cold War, the Vietnam War are covered within the context of enforcing and adjudication federal law in Florida. Thorough coverage of the U.S. Attorney’s office, its personnel, and the types of crimes they prosecuted during these years is included. The courthouse staffs in Jacksonville, Tampa, and Orlando (permanently established during those years) is covered. Attention is also given to the daily regimen of the judges, types of cases they handled, court loads, and also some of the more prominent visiting judges are covered.Less
This chapter covers the U.S. Middle District of Florida from its creation when it was carved out of the U.S. Southern District of Florida in 1962 to 1968. The first judges, U.S. attorney, U.S. Marshal, and other offices and their officers are covered. Pertinent issues of the time during the Kennedy-Johnson years, such as Civil Rights, the War on Poverty, the Cold War, the Vietnam War are covered within the context of enforcing and adjudication federal law in Florida. Thorough coverage of the U.S. Attorney’s office, its personnel, and the types of crimes they prosecuted during these years is included. The courthouse staffs in Jacksonville, Tampa, and Orlando (permanently established during those years) is covered. Attention is also given to the daily regimen of the judges, types of cases they handled, court loads, and also some of the more prominent visiting judges are covered.
Karina Biondi
John F. Collins (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781469623405
- eISBN:
- 9781469630328
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469623405.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This chapter presents the micropolitics that support the existence of the First Command of Capital (Primeiro Comando da Capital - PCC). These micropolitics includes projects, manipulative efforts, ...
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This chapter presents the micropolitics that support the existence of the First Command of Capital (Primeiro Comando da Capital - PCC). These micropolitics includes projects, manipulative efforts, strategies, but also improvisations, unexpected and random possibilities. The ethnography of these practices reveals that those who participate in PCC arrive at their destinations not because of the organization of the PCC, but because of their "dispositions". The dynamic that emanates from these dispositions bears remarkable difference to more standard concepts of "organized crime" or "criminal organization". The role of the PCC, even though it includes baskets of strategies and projects, is permeated instead by chance and is made real and powerful by the dispositions of its participants, who make do in relation to that chance.Less
This chapter presents the micropolitics that support the existence of the First Command of Capital (Primeiro Comando da Capital - PCC). These micropolitics includes projects, manipulative efforts, strategies, but also improvisations, unexpected and random possibilities. The ethnography of these practices reveals that those who participate in PCC arrive at their destinations not because of the organization of the PCC, but because of their "dispositions". The dynamic that emanates from these dispositions bears remarkable difference to more standard concepts of "organized crime" or "criminal organization". The role of the PCC, even though it includes baskets of strategies and projects, is permeated instead by chance and is made real and powerful by the dispositions of its participants, who make do in relation to that chance.
Andrew W. Kahrl
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781469628721
- eISBN:
- 9781469628745
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469628721.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
Black beaches proliferated across the coastal South in the 1940s and 1950s and became thriving centers of black leisure and entertainment and incubators of post-World War II black popular music and ...
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Black beaches proliferated across the coastal South in the 1940s and 1950s and became thriving centers of black leisure and entertainment and incubators of post-World War II black popular music and culture. The chapter tells the history of Carr’s and Sparrow’s Beaches in Annapolis, Maryland, and Bay Shore Beach in Hampton, Virginia, which became two of the most prominent black-owned beaches, performance venues, and amusement parks in the mid-Atlantic South. It traces the rapid growth and commercial success of black beaches and amusement parks in the years following World War II, when these venues attracted large crowds and hosted popular black musicians and performers on the “chitlin circuit.” It explores the deep and murky financial ties between black-owned leisure enterprises and operators of illicit urban economies. It shows how black beaches spawned a wide range of related business ventures (including, nightclubs, hotels, restaurants, and carnivals), opened new opportunities for African Americans in security and law enforcement, and facilitated the emergence of some of the era’s most popular black musicians and performers.Less
Black beaches proliferated across the coastal South in the 1940s and 1950s and became thriving centers of black leisure and entertainment and incubators of post-World War II black popular music and culture. The chapter tells the history of Carr’s and Sparrow’s Beaches in Annapolis, Maryland, and Bay Shore Beach in Hampton, Virginia, which became two of the most prominent black-owned beaches, performance venues, and amusement parks in the mid-Atlantic South. It traces the rapid growth and commercial success of black beaches and amusement parks in the years following World War II, when these venues attracted large crowds and hosted popular black musicians and performers on the “chitlin circuit.” It explores the deep and murky financial ties between black-owned leisure enterprises and operators of illicit urban economies. It shows how black beaches spawned a wide range of related business ventures (including, nightclubs, hotels, restaurants, and carnivals), opened new opportunities for African Americans in security and law enforcement, and facilitated the emergence of some of the era’s most popular black musicians and performers.
Karina Biondi
John F. Collins (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781469623405
- eISBN:
- 9781469630328
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469623405.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
The expansion of the First Command of the Capital (PCC), making it the most powerful criminal network in Brazil, happened after the addition of “Equality” to its “ideals”. This incorporation provoked ...
More
The expansion of the First Command of the Capital (PCC), making it the most powerful criminal network in Brazil, happened after the addition of “Equality” to its “ideals”. This incorporation provoked a series of mechanisms and strategies to produce a “Command” between “equals”, nourishing a tension that infiltrates and spreads out across all the political dimensions of the PCC. This chapter examines the diverse plans through whichPCC politics operates. One of these plans mentions the PCC as transcendence, something that only exists because of their immanent forces. This approach reflects an immanentist anthropology on a transcendent construction, an anthropology that permits one to think about transcendence without imagining that it pre-exists. This PCC-as-transcendence, produced in the immanence and mixed to it, results on a decentered, non-hierarchical social formation. The PCC is thus presented as a creative social formation that challenges the concept of organized crime and offers another approach to the notion of the prison gang.Less
The expansion of the First Command of the Capital (PCC), making it the most powerful criminal network in Brazil, happened after the addition of “Equality” to its “ideals”. This incorporation provoked a series of mechanisms and strategies to produce a “Command” between “equals”, nourishing a tension that infiltrates and spreads out across all the political dimensions of the PCC. This chapter examines the diverse plans through whichPCC politics operates. One of these plans mentions the PCC as transcendence, something that only exists because of their immanent forces. This approach reflects an immanentist anthropology on a transcendent construction, an anthropology that permits one to think about transcendence without imagining that it pre-exists. This PCC-as-transcendence, produced in the immanence and mixed to it, results on a decentered, non-hierarchical social formation. The PCC is thus presented as a creative social formation that challenges the concept of organized crime and offers another approach to the notion of the prison gang.
