George P. Fletcher
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195156287
- eISBN:
- 9780199872169
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195156285.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter examines the history of America's commitment to the idea of nationhood as the ideological basis for subsequent developments in equality and popular democracy. The lives and work of ...
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This chapter examines the history of America's commitment to the idea of nationhood as the ideological basis for subsequent developments in equality and popular democracy. The lives and work of Orestes Brownson and Francis Lieber are discussed, focusing on Brownson's communitarian views of nationhood and collective identity, and Lieber's emphasis on a common language and on the distinction between a “people” and a “nation”.Less
This chapter examines the history of America's commitment to the idea of nationhood as the ideological basis for subsequent developments in equality and popular democracy. The lives and work of Orestes Brownson and Francis Lieber are discussed, focusing on Brownson's communitarian views of nationhood and collective identity, and Lieber's emphasis on a common language and on the distinction between a “people” and a “nation”.
Helma Dik
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199279296
- eISBN:
- 9780191706905
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199279296.003.0007
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter discusses a number of short passages in order to offer a better synthesis for the argument of the whole of this book, and to show how to apply the findings based on various highly ...
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This chapter discusses a number of short passages in order to offer a better synthesis for the argument of the whole of this book, and to show how to apply the findings based on various highly restricted sets of data to the ‘random’ selection of a passage, any passage, of tragic trimeters. Among these is Electra 516-27, offered as a pendant to Schein's explication de métrique of these same lines.Less
This chapter discusses a number of short passages in order to offer a better synthesis for the argument of the whole of this book, and to show how to apply the findings based on various highly restricted sets of data to the ‘random’ selection of a passage, any passage, of tragic trimeters. Among these is Electra 516-27, offered as a pendant to Schein's explication de métrique of these same lines.
Penny MacGeorge
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199252442
- eISBN:
- 9780191719233
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199252442.003.0017
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
This chapter discusses Gundobad, Orestes, and Odovacer. Gundobad was Ricimer's nephew, who inherited his position following Ricimer's death. Gundobad became the greatest of the Burgundian kings, and ...
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This chapter discusses Gundobad, Orestes, and Odovacer. Gundobad was Ricimer's nephew, who inherited his position following Ricimer's death. Gundobad became the greatest of the Burgundian kings, and a progressive one who introduced coinage and written laws. Orestes was previously the secretary of Attila the Hun, and later became the most powerful man in Italy as magister militum under Nepos. Odovacer was of barbarian ancestry and a rival of Orestes.Less
This chapter discusses Gundobad, Orestes, and Odovacer. Gundobad was Ricimer's nephew, who inherited his position following Ricimer's death. Gundobad became the greatest of the Burgundian kings, and a progressive one who introduced coinage and written laws. Orestes was previously the secretary of Attila the Hun, and later became the most powerful man in Italy as magister militum under Nepos. Odovacer was of barbarian ancestry and a rival of Orestes.
Alan H. Sommerstein
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199568314
- eISBN:
- 9780191723018
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199568314.003.0013
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter draws attention to two misconceptions about Aeschylus' Choephoroi. It points out, firstly, that Electra is recommended to pray (110–21), and then does pray (130–44), for the return of ...
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This chapter draws attention to two misconceptions about Aeschylus' Choephoroi. It points out, firstly, that Electra is recommended to pray (110–21), and then does pray (130–44), for the return of Orestes and the coming of someone who will avenge Agamemnon's murder, as if these were two entirely separate things; not till she and we hear of Apollo's oracle (269–96) does she learn that Orestes himself must be the avenger. Secondly, Apollo's oracle as at first reported contains no promise of protection, only commands and threats; the first mention of a promise comes only at lines 1032–3, and until then the audience cannot be sure that Apollo will not let the endless cycle of revenge continue indefinitely.Less
This chapter draws attention to two misconceptions about Aeschylus' Choephoroi. It points out, firstly, that Electra is recommended to pray (110–21), and then does pray (130–44), for the return of Orestes and the coming of someone who will avenge Agamemnon's murder, as if these were two entirely separate things; not till she and we hear of Apollo's oracle (269–96) does she learn that Orestes himself must be the avenger. Secondly, Apollo's oracle as at first reported contains no promise of protection, only commands and threats; the first mention of a promise comes only at lines 1032–3, and until then the audience cannot be sure that Apollo will not let the endless cycle of revenge continue indefinitely.
Alan H. Sommerstein
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199568314
- eISBN:
- 9780191723018
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199568314.003.0017
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter examines how Sophocles in Electra plants false clues about how the play's action will go. At first Electra seems to assume, as in Aeschylus, that an outsider will avenge Agamemnon's ...
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This chapter examines how Sophocles in Electra plants false clues about how the play's action will go. At first Electra seems to assume, as in Aeschylus, that an outsider will avenge Agamemnon's death (115–17; corrected at 303–4), while the chorus wish only for the death of Aegisthus, not Clytaemestra (126–7; this is not finally contradicted until Electra and Clytaemestra confront each other). Another false clue appears when Electra apparently wishes (603–5) that she could take revenge on her mother herself; she will decide to do so when she believes Orestes dead, and even when she enters the palace at 1383 we may well suppose she is going to participate in the murder (in fact she comes out again — but still participates in the murder, by remote control). The implications of these false clues, and of the process by which they are refuted, for our understanding of the play are discussed.Less
This chapter examines how Sophocles in Electra plants false clues about how the play's action will go. At first Electra seems to assume, as in Aeschylus, that an outsider will avenge Agamemnon's death (115–17; corrected at 303–4), while the chorus wish only for the death of Aegisthus, not Clytaemestra (126–7; this is not finally contradicted until Electra and Clytaemestra confront each other). Another false clue appears when Electra apparently wishes (603–5) that she could take revenge on her mother herself; she will decide to do so when she believes Orestes dead, and even when she enters the palace at 1383 we may well suppose she is going to participate in the murder (in fact she comes out again — but still participates in the murder, by remote control). The implications of these false clues, and of the process by which they are refuted, for our understanding of the play are discussed.
M. J. Cropp
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- February 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780856686528
- eISBN:
- 9781800342767
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9780856686528.001.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Plays and Playwrights: Classical, Early, and Medieval
Iphigenia in Tauris tells the story of the princess Iphigenia who was sacrificed by her father Agamemnon to expedite his campaign against Troy but was rescued by the goddess Artemis and transported ...
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Iphigenia in Tauris tells the story of the princess Iphigenia who was sacrificed by her father Agamemnon to expedite his campaign against Troy but was rescued by the goddess Artemis and transported to the land of the Taurians. There she herself must perform human sacrifices as a priestess of Artemis in the local cult. Troy has now been sacked, and Agamemnon murdered by his wife and avenged by his son Orestes. With his mother's blood on his hands, Orestes is guided by Apollo to seek purification through bringing the image of the Tauric Artemis to Greece, and so is reunited with his sister. The drama centers on Orestes' near-sacrifice at Iphigenia's hands, their recognition in the nick of time, and their ingenious and thrilling escape to bring the cult of Artemis to Halae and Brauron near Athens.Less
Iphigenia in Tauris tells the story of the princess Iphigenia who was sacrificed by her father Agamemnon to expedite his campaign against Troy but was rescued by the goddess Artemis and transported to the land of the Taurians. There she herself must perform human sacrifices as a priestess of Artemis in the local cult. Troy has now been sacked, and Agamemnon murdered by his wife and avenged by his son Orestes. With his mother's blood on his hands, Orestes is guided by Apollo to seek purification through bringing the image of the Tauric Artemis to Greece, and so is reunited with his sister. The drama centers on Orestes' near-sacrifice at Iphigenia's hands, their recognition in the nick of time, and their ingenious and thrilling escape to bring the cult of Artemis to Halae and Brauron near Athens.
Amanda Porterfield
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195131376
- eISBN:
- 9780199834570
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195131371.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
The blossoming of spirituality in late twentieth‐century America involved the mainstreaming of Catholicism within American culture. It also involved increasingly porous boundaries between American ...
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The blossoming of spirituality in late twentieth‐century America involved the mainstreaming of Catholicism within American culture. It also involved increasingly porous boundaries between American Catholicism and New Age religions. In a society previously dominated by Protestants and Protestant culture, Catholic spirituality moved to the fore as a matrix through which a wide variety of religious developments came to expression. This chapter traces some of the antecedents of this open, liberal form of Catholic spirituality to Transcendentalist interpretations of Catholic spirituality in nineteenth‐century America, and to progressive American Catholic leaders, especially Orestes Brownson and Isaac Hecker, who emphasized the importance of the Holy Spirit for social as well as personal life.Less
The blossoming of spirituality in late twentieth‐century America involved the mainstreaming of Catholicism within American culture. It also involved increasingly porous boundaries between American Catholicism and New Age religions. In a society previously dominated by Protestants and Protestant culture, Catholic spirituality moved to the fore as a matrix through which a wide variety of religious developments came to expression. This chapter traces some of the antecedents of this open, liberal form of Catholic spirituality to Transcendentalist interpretations of Catholic spirituality in nineteenth‐century America, and to progressive American Catholic leaders, especially Orestes Brownson and Isaac Hecker, who emphasized the importance of the Holy Spirit for social as well as personal life.
Mark A. Noll
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195151114
- eISBN:
- 9780199834532
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195151119.003.0020
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
Despite the prevalence of the Reformed, literal hermeneutic in the nineteenth century, a number of other interpretative strategies existed. These strategies were promoted by Roman Catholics, African ...
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Despite the prevalence of the Reformed, literal hermeneutic in the nineteenth century, a number of other interpretative strategies existed. These strategies were promoted by Roman Catholics, African Americans, church Protestants trying to maintain European traditions, and some conservative Presbyterian Calvinists. None of these groups succeeded in efforts to promote hermeneutical alternatives to the dominant Reformed, literal interpretation of the Bible. In addition, commonsense thinking about race exerted a largely unexamined, but very strong, influence on popular interpretations of the Scripture.Less
Despite the prevalence of the Reformed, literal hermeneutic in the nineteenth century, a number of other interpretative strategies existed. These strategies were promoted by Roman Catholics, African Americans, church Protestants trying to maintain European traditions, and some conservative Presbyterian Calvinists. None of these groups succeeded in efforts to promote hermeneutical alternatives to the dominant Reformed, literal interpretation of the Bible. In addition, commonsense thinking about race exerted a largely unexamined, but very strong, influence on popular interpretations of the Scripture.
Elliot Kendall
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199542642
- eISBN:
- 9780191715419
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199542642.003.0008
- Subject:
- Literature, Early and Medieval Literature
This chapter expands the previous chapter's discussion of attitudes to law and justice by investigating the politics of uncentralized, household-based dispute resolution in the tales of Confessio ...
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This chapter expands the previous chapter's discussion of attitudes to law and justice by investigating the politics of uncentralized, household-based dispute resolution in the tales of Confessio Amantis. There is discussion of writing as a technology of justice, and a livery ordinance of 1390 that is invested in the king's law offers a counterpoint to parliamentary livery complaint and Gower's poem. The chapter argues that Gower's tales promote a distinctly unofficial model of justice rooted in the great household but regulated by oppositions between public and private, lordship and ‘prive’ revenge, hall and chamber. There are extended treatments of the tales of Tereus, Mundus and Paulina, Constance, the False Bachelor, Tarquin and Aruns, Lucrece, Virginius, and Orestes.Less
This chapter expands the previous chapter's discussion of attitudes to law and justice by investigating the politics of uncentralized, household-based dispute resolution in the tales of Confessio Amantis. There is discussion of writing as a technology of justice, and a livery ordinance of 1390 that is invested in the king's law offers a counterpoint to parliamentary livery complaint and Gower's poem. The chapter argues that Gower's tales promote a distinctly unofficial model of justice rooted in the great household but regulated by oppositions between public and private, lordship and ‘prive’ revenge, hall and chamber. There are extended treatments of the tales of Tereus, Mundus and Paulina, Constance, the False Bachelor, Tarquin and Aruns, Lucrece, Virginius, and Orestes.
Melissa Mueller
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226312958
- eISBN:
- 9780226313009
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226313009.003.0003
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Plays and Playwrights: Classical, Early, and Medieval
Chapter 3 tackles the use (and abuse) of material tokens in tragic scenes of recognition, focusing primarily on Euripides’ Ionand Electra. The tokens reuniting Ion with his mother are replicas ...
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Chapter 3 tackles the use (and abuse) of material tokens in tragic scenes of recognition, focusing primarily on Euripides’ Ionand Electra. The tokens reuniting Ion with his mother are replicas (mimêmata) that evoke the birth of Ericthonius, a mythical ancestor to the Athenian audience. It is argued that these tokens give a mythico-political cast to what might otherwise be characterized as a private reunion between a mother and her son. The recognition scene of Euripides’ Electra, usually read as a parody of the similar scene in the Choephoroi, more overtly politicizes the recognition of Orestes. Rejecting the familial tokens that had secured Orestes’ identity in the Choephoroi, Euripides’ re-staging has this scene instead hinge on the recognition of a bodily scar. The authentication, or recognition, of Orestes is thus made into a proto-exemplar for the audience of their own practice of scrutinizing citizens, known as the dokimasia.Less
Chapter 3 tackles the use (and abuse) of material tokens in tragic scenes of recognition, focusing primarily on Euripides’ Ionand Electra. The tokens reuniting Ion with his mother are replicas (mimêmata) that evoke the birth of Ericthonius, a mythical ancestor to the Athenian audience. It is argued that these tokens give a mythico-political cast to what might otherwise be characterized as a private reunion between a mother and her son. The recognition scene of Euripides’ Electra, usually read as a parody of the similar scene in the Choephoroi, more overtly politicizes the recognition of Orestes. Rejecting the familial tokens that had secured Orestes’ identity in the Choephoroi, Euripides’ re-staging has this scene instead hinge on the recognition of a bodily scar. The authentication, or recognition, of Orestes is thus made into a proto-exemplar for the audience of their own practice of scrutinizing citizens, known as the dokimasia.
Victoria Wohl
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691166506
- eISBN:
- 9781400866403
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691166506.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Ancient History / Archaeology
This chapter analyzes the relation between tragedy and its historical moment, focusing in particular on Orestes. It elaborates on an anticipatory temporality of tragic politics suggested at the end ...
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This chapter analyzes the relation between tragedy and its historical moment, focusing in particular on Orestes. It elaborates on an anticipatory temporality of tragic politics suggested at the end of chapters 2 and 3. Chapter 2 showed that the ethical demands tragedy makes on its audience cannot be met within the Theater of Dionysus: if tragedy's beauty (or its ugliness) makes us just, that justice remains to come, and it is our responsibility to bring it into being. Chapter 3 proposed that Electra's utopianism lies not in its “realist” depiction of an egalitarian scenario, but in its staging of egalitarianism as an emergent possibility, not yet realized in the present time of the play's production. The chapter argues that tragedy can do more than just imagine such future possibilities. By literally representing the affective experience of emergent scenarios, it can make them real.Less
This chapter analyzes the relation between tragedy and its historical moment, focusing in particular on Orestes. It elaborates on an anticipatory temporality of tragic politics suggested at the end of chapters 2 and 3. Chapter 2 showed that the ethical demands tragedy makes on its audience cannot be met within the Theater of Dionysus: if tragedy's beauty (or its ugliness) makes us just, that justice remains to come, and it is our responsibility to bring it into being. Chapter 3 proposed that Electra's utopianism lies not in its “realist” depiction of an egalitarian scenario, but in its staging of egalitarianism as an emergent possibility, not yet realized in the present time of the play's production. The chapter argues that tragedy can do more than just imagine such future possibilities. By literally representing the affective experience of emergent scenarios, it can make them real.
Victoria Wohl
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691166506
- eISBN:
- 9781400866403
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691166506.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Ancient History / Archaeology
This chapter summarizes key themes and presents some final thoughts. It argues that Euripides' imperfect alignment of form and meaning forces form itself onto center stage. It makes us aware of a ...
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This chapter summarizes key themes and presents some final thoughts. It argues that Euripides' imperfect alignment of form and meaning forces form itself onto center stage. It makes us aware of a play's form, granting it density and texture. Even at its emptiest, form is always full, replete with meaning. We have seen Euripides exploring that meaning, thinking in form about tragic form and its fullness and emptiness. The plays have shown us form as generative and enabling, producing, for example, an aspiration to justice (in Hecuba and Trojan Women), or a renewed attachment to the polis (in Ion), or even history itself (in Suppliants and Orestes. We have also seen the constraints and oppressions of form, both dramatic and social. In Electra, empty forms encrusted with outdated content constrained human behavior and foreclosed radical social possibilities. Form functioned as a deadweight upon the play's own imagination.Less
This chapter summarizes key themes and presents some final thoughts. It argues that Euripides' imperfect alignment of form and meaning forces form itself onto center stage. It makes us aware of a play's form, granting it density and texture. Even at its emptiest, form is always full, replete with meaning. We have seen Euripides exploring that meaning, thinking in form about tragic form and its fullness and emptiness. The plays have shown us form as generative and enabling, producing, for example, an aspiration to justice (in Hecuba and Trojan Women), or a renewed attachment to the polis (in Ion), or even history itself (in Suppliants and Orestes. We have also seen the constraints and oppressions of form, both dramatic and social. In Electra, empty forms encrusted with outdated content constrained human behavior and foreclosed radical social possibilities. Form functioned as a deadweight upon the play's own imagination.
Paul Hammond
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199572601
- eISBN:
- 9780191702099
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199572601.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, Drama
Sophocles' Electra is shadowed by the past of the house of Atreus. In particular, in a departure from the emphasis in the Oresteia, the tragic milieu is the mind of Electra. Though memory plays its ...
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Sophocles' Electra is shadowed by the past of the house of Atreus. In particular, in a departure from the emphasis in the Oresteia, the tragic milieu is the mind of Electra. Though memory plays its part, more than memory is at work here, for the very way that the characters exist in time is determined by the death of Agamemnon, which remains present throughout in its own dimension, and is restaged at the end of the play when Orestes kills Aegisthus on the same spot where Aegisthus had killed Agamemnon. The central character, Electra, lives in a version of the past, not only never forgetting the murder of her father, but having her whole life and way of thinking, from moment to moment, compelled by it. She seems to exist tangentially to the time and space shared by other characters. Here we have both tragic and non-tragic forms of displacement, some destructive, some recuperative. This is the estranged territory of tragedy, and here in Electra we have a tragedy within a tragedy.Less
Sophocles' Electra is shadowed by the past of the house of Atreus. In particular, in a departure from the emphasis in the Oresteia, the tragic milieu is the mind of Electra. Though memory plays its part, more than memory is at work here, for the very way that the characters exist in time is determined by the death of Agamemnon, which remains present throughout in its own dimension, and is restaged at the end of the play when Orestes kills Aegisthus on the same spot where Aegisthus had killed Agamemnon. The central character, Electra, lives in a version of the past, not only never forgetting the murder of her father, but having her whole life and way of thinking, from moment to moment, compelled by it. She seems to exist tangentially to the time and space shared by other characters. Here we have both tragic and non-tragic forms of displacement, some destructive, some recuperative. This is the estranged territory of tragedy, and here in Electra we have a tragedy within a tragedy.
Charles Capper
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195092677
- eISBN:
- 9780199854264
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195092677.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
This chapter examines the life and career of Margaret Fuller during the period from 1839 to 1840. In starting her Conversations for women, Fuller launched her career as a transcendentalist leader. ...
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This chapter examines the life and career of Margaret Fuller during the period from 1839 to 1840. In starting her Conversations for women, Fuller launched her career as a transcendentalist leader. Her timing was perfect because it was during this time that the transcendentalist movement was gaining attention spurred by Ralph Waldo Emerson's remarkable address to the graduating class at Harvard Divinity School. Several other transcendentalists published critical books and journals including Orestes Brownston and George Ripley.Less
This chapter examines the life and career of Margaret Fuller during the period from 1839 to 1840. In starting her Conversations for women, Fuller launched her career as a transcendentalist leader. Her timing was perfect because it was during this time that the transcendentalist movement was gaining attention spurred by Ralph Waldo Emerson's remarkable address to the graduating class at Harvard Divinity School. Several other transcendentalists published critical books and journals including Orestes Brownston and George Ripley.
John Kerrigan
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198184515
- eISBN:
- 9780191674280
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198184515.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature, Film, Media, and Cultural Studies
Orestes returned as a figure of European literature in the mid 20th century. This time however, Orestes had a Renaissance tone, one that included the elements of magic, potions, ...
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Orestes returned as a figure of European literature in the mid 20th century. This time however, Orestes had a Renaissance tone, one that included the elements of magic, potions, fairies, and barons. It was of a different time, but still in every way classic and beautiful. This paved the way to medieval tragic literature, including stories of the great Shakespeare. This was a time of jousting and sword fighting among knights, when chivalry abounds and nobility was honored. This was a new form of revenged tragedy, one that suited the times. One striking change in tragic literature was its form of punishment for crimes done, as the Greeks gods may have done it differently than those of noble men, and may be dealt with in another way by knights.Less
Orestes returned as a figure of European literature in the mid 20th century. This time however, Orestes had a Renaissance tone, one that included the elements of magic, potions, fairies, and barons. It was of a different time, but still in every way classic and beautiful. This paved the way to medieval tragic literature, including stories of the great Shakespeare. This was a time of jousting and sword fighting among knights, when chivalry abounds and nobility was honored. This was a new form of revenged tragedy, one that suited the times. One striking change in tragic literature was its form of punishment for crimes done, as the Greeks gods may have done it differently than those of noble men, and may be dealt with in another way by knights.
William B. Kurtz
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780823267538
- eISBN:
- 9780823272372
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823267538.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, American History: Civil War
With the outbreak of the war in April 1861, thousands of northern Catholics rushed to support the Union cause. They joined local regiments, sometimes congregating in Irish Catholic units such as the ...
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With the outbreak of the war in April 1861, thousands of northern Catholics rushed to support the Union cause. They joined local regiments, sometimes congregating in Irish Catholic units such as the 69th New York Regiment and later the Irish Brigade. The strongest supporter of the northern cause was Orestes A. Brownson, but others such as Archbishop John Hughes and Ellen Ewing Sherman also won reputations as patriots. Apart from the neutral stance of many in the Border States, Catholics in the North were overwhelming in favor of the war. Still, the dissent and imprisonment of the anti-war James McMaster foreshadowed future divisions between pro-and anti-war wings of the church.Less
With the outbreak of the war in April 1861, thousands of northern Catholics rushed to support the Union cause. They joined local regiments, sometimes congregating in Irish Catholic units such as the 69th New York Regiment and later the Irish Brigade. The strongest supporter of the northern cause was Orestes A. Brownson, but others such as Archbishop John Hughes and Ellen Ewing Sherman also won reputations as patriots. Apart from the neutral stance of many in the Border States, Catholics in the North were overwhelming in favor of the war. Still, the dissent and imprisonment of the anti-war James McMaster foreshadowed future divisions between pro-and anti-war wings of the church.
William B. Kurtz
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780823267538
- eISBN:
- 9780823272372
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823267538.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, American History: Civil War
Although many Catholics in the North disliked slavery during the antebellum period, they disliked abolitionism even more as a radical extremist movement threatening to tear the nation apart. With the ...
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Although many Catholics in the North disliked slavery during the antebellum period, they disliked abolitionism even more as a radical extremist movement threatening to tear the nation apart. With the exception of some important figures such as Orestes Brownson and Archbishop John Purcell, most Catholic leaders, editors, and civilians continued to oppose emancipation during the war. Prominent anti-abolitionist editors such as Patrick Donahoe and James McMaster attacked any Catholic who dared to support emancipation. Many Catholics believed the abolitionists were generally nativist, radical, and anti-Catholic and that emancipation was only prolonging the war effort. In the end and unlike many northern Protestant churches, the Catholic hierarchy did little to end slavery or care for the freedmen in the post-war South.Less
Although many Catholics in the North disliked slavery during the antebellum period, they disliked abolitionism even more as a radical extremist movement threatening to tear the nation apart. With the exception of some important figures such as Orestes Brownson and Archbishop John Purcell, most Catholic leaders, editors, and civilians continued to oppose emancipation during the war. Prominent anti-abolitionist editors such as Patrick Donahoe and James McMaster attacked any Catholic who dared to support emancipation. Many Catholics believed the abolitionists were generally nativist, radical, and anti-Catholic and that emancipation was only prolonging the war effort. In the end and unlike many northern Protestant churches, the Catholic hierarchy did little to end slavery or care for the freedmen in the post-war South.
David F. Holland
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199753611
- eISBN:
- 9780199895113
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199753611.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This chapter traces the intellectual history of the canon among liberal Christians of the nineteenth century. Beginning with Hicksite Quakers, it moves through William Ellery Channing's Unitarianism, ...
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This chapter traces the intellectual history of the canon among liberal Christians of the nineteenth century. Beginning with Hicksite Quakers, it moves through William Ellery Channing's Unitarianism, the Transcendentalism of Ralph Waldo Emerson, Margaret Fuller, and Theodore Parker, the transition from Transcendentalism to Catholicism of Orestes Brownson, and finally the liberal congregationalism of Horace Bushnell. It demonstrates how the convergence of various intellectual trends in the nineteenth century—such as skepticism, sentimentalism, and biblical criticism—combined to push prominent American thinkers toward a concept of an open canon.Less
This chapter traces the intellectual history of the canon among liberal Christians of the nineteenth century. Beginning with Hicksite Quakers, it moves through William Ellery Channing's Unitarianism, the Transcendentalism of Ralph Waldo Emerson, Margaret Fuller, and Theodore Parker, the transition from Transcendentalism to Catholicism of Orestes Brownson, and finally the liberal congregationalism of Horace Bushnell. It demonstrates how the convergence of various intellectual trends in the nineteenth century—such as skepticism, sentimentalism, and biblical criticism—combined to push prominent American thinkers toward a concept of an open canon.
Paul C. Gutjahr
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199740420
- eISBN:
- 9780199894703
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199740420.003.0036
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
Chapter thirty-six is primarily concerned with the rise of Transcendentalism in America and Princeton’s response to this new variation of American Unitarianism. Hodge, along with Albert Dod and James ...
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Chapter thirty-six is primarily concerned with the rise of Transcendentalism in America and Princeton’s response to this new variation of American Unitarianism. Hodge, along with Albert Dod and James W. Alexander, wrote early, stinging critiques of Transcendentalism for the Repertory. The articles were so well argued that the Unitarian Andrews Norton had them republished in his own battle against the rising influence of Transcendentalism in New England.Less
Chapter thirty-six is primarily concerned with the rise of Transcendentalism in America and Princeton’s response to this new variation of American Unitarianism. Hodge, along with Albert Dod and James W. Alexander, wrote early, stinging critiques of Transcendentalism for the Repertory. The articles were so well argued that the Unitarian Andrews Norton had them republished in his own battle against the rising influence of Transcendentalism in New England.
Elton T. E. Barker
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199562329
- eISBN:
- 9780191724978
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199562329.003.0008
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter tackles the issue of tragic politics through a study of tragedy's discourse and form. Turning away from the customary focus on the subject matter of individual plays, and the extent or ...
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This chapter tackles the issue of tragic politics through a study of tragedy's discourse and form. Turning away from the customary focus on the subject matter of individual plays, and the extent or otherwise of their political or democratic referentiality, it develops the notion of frank speaking (parrhēsia) to encompass the event of speaking back (dissent) that is evident in any play's agonistic structure; in particular, it focuses attention on where debate takes place. Using Euripides’ Orestes as a case study, it argues that the play's interrogation of both an on-stage agon and an off-stage assembly removes the security of an institutional framework for managing dissent. It suggests that, ultimately, Euripides’ challenge to the collective responsibility in decision-making extends to the audience of the play, as they are left to cope as best they can with the fallout from the play's own failure to contain dissent.Less
This chapter tackles the issue of tragic politics through a study of tragedy's discourse and form. Turning away from the customary focus on the subject matter of individual plays, and the extent or otherwise of their political or democratic referentiality, it develops the notion of frank speaking (parrhēsia) to encompass the event of speaking back (dissent) that is evident in any play's agonistic structure; in particular, it focuses attention on where debate takes place. Using Euripides’ Orestes as a case study, it argues that the play's interrogation of both an on-stage agon and an off-stage assembly removes the security of an institutional framework for managing dissent. It suggests that, ultimately, Euripides’ challenge to the collective responsibility in decision-making extends to the audience of the play, as they are left to cope as best they can with the fallout from the play's own failure to contain dissent.
