Michael F. Cairo
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780813136721
- eISBN:
- 9780813141275
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813136721.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
Despite the appearance of familiar faces in both Bush administrations, significant differences existed between the foreign policies of George H.W. Bush and George W. Bush. The Gulf refers to these ...
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Despite the appearance of familiar faces in both Bush administrations, significant differences existed between the foreign policies of George H.W. Bush and George W. Bush. The Gulf refers to these differences and argues that they can be explained by the personal beliefs and styles of each George Bush. Describing George H.W. Bush as an “enlightened” realist and George W. Bush as a “cowboy” liberal, the book begins by exploring the life experiences that contributed to each president’s belief system. Comparing and contrasting each president throughout, it focuses on each administration’s policy in the Middle East, with specific attention given to the Persian Gulf War, Operation Iraqi Freedom, the Madrid Peace Conference, and the Road Map for peace. The book suggests that presidents rarely fit into a realist or liberal model and combines the two approaches to explain presidential worldviews. George H.W. Bush’s emphasis on defensive rather than offensive strategies, and international organizations rather than the power of democracy to foster peace and stability, combine to create an “enlightened” realist worldview. George W. Bush’s emphasis on offensive strategies and the power of democracy to foster peace and stability combine to create the “cowboy” liberal worldview. The book concludes by offering general and specific lessons illuminated by the cases. Suggesting that the study is more than an isolated comparison of the Bushes, the book offers examples of the importance of understanding presidential leadership styles and worldviews.Less
Despite the appearance of familiar faces in both Bush administrations, significant differences existed between the foreign policies of George H.W. Bush and George W. Bush. The Gulf refers to these differences and argues that they can be explained by the personal beliefs and styles of each George Bush. Describing George H.W. Bush as an “enlightened” realist and George W. Bush as a “cowboy” liberal, the book begins by exploring the life experiences that contributed to each president’s belief system. Comparing and contrasting each president throughout, it focuses on each administration’s policy in the Middle East, with specific attention given to the Persian Gulf War, Operation Iraqi Freedom, the Madrid Peace Conference, and the Road Map for peace. The book suggests that presidents rarely fit into a realist or liberal model and combines the two approaches to explain presidential worldviews. George H.W. Bush’s emphasis on defensive rather than offensive strategies, and international organizations rather than the power of democracy to foster peace and stability, combine to create an “enlightened” realist worldview. George W. Bush’s emphasis on offensive strategies and the power of democracy to foster peace and stability combine to create the “cowboy” liberal worldview. The book concludes by offering general and specific lessons illuminated by the cases. Suggesting that the study is more than an isolated comparison of the Bushes, the book offers examples of the importance of understanding presidential leadership styles and worldviews.
Gary Scott Smith
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199391394
- eISBN:
- 9780199391424
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199391394.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
George H. W. Bush was raised in a devout Episcopalian family and remained affiliated with this denomination for almost all his life. However, Bush’s theology and social policies had more in common ...
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George H. W. Bush was raised in a devout Episcopalian family and remained affiliated with this denomination for almost all his life. However, Bush’s theology and social policies had more in common with evangelicals than with more liberal Protestants. Bush’s faith was very important to him and helped shape a number of his presidential policies. He continually exhorted Americans to seek God’s aid to deal with the nation’s challenges and problems. No other chief executive argued as often as Bush that the United States was “one nation under God” and was accountable to Him. Bush frequently accentuated faith, morality, service, and family values. He maintained generally cordial relations with many leading evangelicals by supporting the sanctity of life, voluntary school prayer, religiously based child care, and parental control of education. Bush’s faith substantially influenced his policy in the Persian Gulf in 1990 and 1991, most notably Operation Desert Storm’s liberation of Kuwait.Less
George H. W. Bush was raised in a devout Episcopalian family and remained affiliated with this denomination for almost all his life. However, Bush’s theology and social policies had more in common with evangelicals than with more liberal Protestants. Bush’s faith was very important to him and helped shape a number of his presidential policies. He continually exhorted Americans to seek God’s aid to deal with the nation’s challenges and problems. No other chief executive argued as often as Bush that the United States was “one nation under God” and was accountable to Him. Bush frequently accentuated faith, morality, service, and family values. He maintained generally cordial relations with many leading evangelicals by supporting the sanctity of life, voluntary school prayer, religiously based child care, and parental control of education. Bush’s faith substantially influenced his policy in the Persian Gulf in 1990 and 1991, most notably Operation Desert Storm’s liberation of Kuwait.
Michael F. Cairo
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780813136721
- eISBN:
- 9780813141275
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813136721.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
Continuing from the previous chapter, this chapter examines George H.W. Bush’s and George W. Bush’s decisions related to the course and conclusion of the Persian Gulf War and Operation Iraqi Freedom. ...
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Continuing from the previous chapter, this chapter examines George H.W. Bush’s and George W. Bush’s decisions related to the course and conclusion of the Persian Gulf War and Operation Iraqi Freedom. It begins by focusing on George H.W. Bush’s decision to launch Operation Desert Storm. Discussing the challenges posed by possible Israeli retaliation and Soviet diplomacy, the chapter illustrates George H.W. Bush’s skilful use of diplomacy. Next, the chapter turns to Operation Iraqi Freedom and George W. Bush. Emphasizing the challenges posed by events in Iraq, the chapter demonstrates the “cowboy” liberal approach of George W. Bush. The chapter ends by comparing George H.W. Bush’s decision to stop short of Baghdad with George W. Bush’s decision to topple Saddam Hussein’s regime. Throughout, the chapter emphasizes the role of each president’s worldview in contributing to these decisions and policies.Less
Continuing from the previous chapter, this chapter examines George H.W. Bush’s and George W. Bush’s decisions related to the course and conclusion of the Persian Gulf War and Operation Iraqi Freedom. It begins by focusing on George H.W. Bush’s decision to launch Operation Desert Storm. Discussing the challenges posed by possible Israeli retaliation and Soviet diplomacy, the chapter illustrates George H.W. Bush’s skilful use of diplomacy. Next, the chapter turns to Operation Iraqi Freedom and George W. Bush. Emphasizing the challenges posed by events in Iraq, the chapter demonstrates the “cowboy” liberal approach of George W. Bush. The chapter ends by comparing George H.W. Bush’s decision to stop short of Baghdad with George W. Bush’s decision to topple Saddam Hussein’s regime. Throughout, the chapter emphasizes the role of each president’s worldview in contributing to these decisions and policies.
John Tirman
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780195381214
- eISBN:
- 9780190252373
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780195381214.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter examines the consequences of America's invasion of Iraq in 2003, particularly the death of hundreds of thousands of Iraqis and the displacement of millions of others. It considers the ...
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This chapter examines the consequences of America's invasion of Iraq in 2003, particularly the death of hundreds of thousands of Iraqis and the displacement of millions of others. It considers the rationale for the Iraq War, including America's attempt to eradicate Islamic militancy and terrorism, to protect friends and allies in the region, and to stop Iraq from producing weapons of mass destruction. It argues that oil was the primary motivation for the U.S. invasion of Iraq. It also discusses Operation Desert Storm that was launched by America in 1991 to free Kuwait from Iraq. In addition, the chapter assesses other measures adopted by the United States and its allies to bring down Saddam Hussein, such as sanctions, no-fly zones, and political isolation. Finally, it looks at U.S. President George W. Bush's launch of a “war on terrorism” in response to the 9/11 attacks by al Qaeda and the American public's attitude toward the Iraq War.Less
This chapter examines the consequences of America's invasion of Iraq in 2003, particularly the death of hundreds of thousands of Iraqis and the displacement of millions of others. It considers the rationale for the Iraq War, including America's attempt to eradicate Islamic militancy and terrorism, to protect friends and allies in the region, and to stop Iraq from producing weapons of mass destruction. It argues that oil was the primary motivation for the U.S. invasion of Iraq. It also discusses Operation Desert Storm that was launched by America in 1991 to free Kuwait from Iraq. In addition, the chapter assesses other measures adopted by the United States and its allies to bring down Saddam Hussein, such as sanctions, no-fly zones, and political isolation. Finally, it looks at U.S. President George W. Bush's launch of a “war on terrorism” in response to the 9/11 attacks by al Qaeda and the American public's attitude toward the Iraq War.
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226435701
- eISBN:
- 9780226435725
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226435725.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter, which investigates whether ethnocentrism predisposes Americans to lend their support to policies of confrontation and violence against outside enemies, analyzes ethnocentrism in the ...
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This chapter, which investigates whether ethnocentrism predisposes Americans to lend their support to policies of confrontation and violence against outside enemies, analyzes ethnocentrism in the current and ongoing war on terrorism, the Cold War during the second half of the twentieth century, and Operation Desert Storm in 1991. The analysis provides evidence that ethnocentrism is a primary ingredient in the American public's support for forcefully confronting adversaries abroad.Less
This chapter, which investigates whether ethnocentrism predisposes Americans to lend their support to policies of confrontation and violence against outside enemies, analyzes ethnocentrism in the current and ongoing war on terrorism, the Cold War during the second half of the twentieth century, and Operation Desert Storm in 1991. The analysis provides evidence that ethnocentrism is a primary ingredient in the American public's support for forcefully confronting adversaries abroad.
Pesach Malovany
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780813169439
- eISBN:
- 9780813169514
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813169439.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Military History
This book describes the history of the Iraqi Army from its establishment in 1921 until its collapse in 2003 in the war against the Coalition Forces, the core of which was a highly intensive 24-year ...
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This book describes the history of the Iraqi Army from its establishment in 1921 until its collapse in 2003 in the war against the Coalition Forces, the core of which was a highly intensive 24-year period under the leadership of Saddam Hussein.
It analyzes the development and activities of this army, and focuses on the major wars in which it participated during Saddam’s regime: the prolonged war against Iran (1980-1988) and the two wars against the Coalition Forces led by the United States (1991 and 2003), as well as the wars against Israel and the Kurds in earlier periods.
The book is based mostly on Iraqi sources—Newspapers and other media means, books and documents, and presents all this mostly from the Iraqi perspective.
Its major innovation lies in its presenting this topic to the reader—including all the elements of the construction of the Iraqi fighting force, its war strategies, its functioning on all levels (strategic, operative and tactical), its forces and branches, its command and many other subjects—in a comprehensive, detailed manner,.
My experience in dealing with military issues in the Middle East during my long service with the Israeli Military Intelligence helped me very much in dealing with this huge Army, and to understand its concepts, its historical roots and the way it was conducting its war, The Wars of Modern Babylon.Less
This book describes the history of the Iraqi Army from its establishment in 1921 until its collapse in 2003 in the war against the Coalition Forces, the core of which was a highly intensive 24-year period under the leadership of Saddam Hussein.
It analyzes the development and activities of this army, and focuses on the major wars in which it participated during Saddam’s regime: the prolonged war against Iran (1980-1988) and the two wars against the Coalition Forces led by the United States (1991 and 2003), as well as the wars against Israel and the Kurds in earlier periods.
The book is based mostly on Iraqi sources—Newspapers and other media means, books and documents, and presents all this mostly from the Iraqi perspective.
Its major innovation lies in its presenting this topic to the reader—including all the elements of the construction of the Iraqi fighting force, its war strategies, its functioning on all levels (strategic, operative and tactical), its forces and branches, its command and many other subjects—in a comprehensive, detailed manner,.
My experience in dealing with military issues in the Middle East during my long service with the Israeli Military Intelligence helped me very much in dealing with this huge Army, and to understand its concepts, its historical roots and the way it was conducting its war, The Wars of Modern Babylon.
Neil C. Renic
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- June 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198851462
- eISBN:
- 9780191886065
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198851462.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter explores the asymmetry-challenge of manned aerial bombing. It first provides a historical overview of the practice, beginning in the nineteenth century and concluding with the 1999 ...
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This chapter explores the asymmetry-challenge of manned aerial bombing. It first provides a historical overview of the practice, beginning in the nineteenth century and concluding with the 1999 high-altitude bombing of Operation Allied Force (OAF). The chapter will then examine, and distinguish between, the ethical and moral opposition that emerged in response to civilian bombing. This opposition will then be reconsidered in the context of the First Gulf War and OAF. It is within these conflicts that we witness a shift in the locus of the asymmetric-challenge of aerial bombing, from civilian to combatant targeting. The chapter concludes by exploring the gradual resolution of the asymmetry-challenge of manned aerial bombing.Less
This chapter explores the asymmetry-challenge of manned aerial bombing. It first provides a historical overview of the practice, beginning in the nineteenth century and concluding with the 1999 high-altitude bombing of Operation Allied Force (OAF). The chapter will then examine, and distinguish between, the ethical and moral opposition that emerged in response to civilian bombing. This opposition will then be reconsidered in the context of the First Gulf War and OAF. It is within these conflicts that we witness a shift in the locus of the asymmetric-challenge of aerial bombing, from civilian to combatant targeting. The chapter concludes by exploring the gradual resolution of the asymmetry-challenge of manned aerial bombing.
George P. Fletcher and Jens David Ohlin
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- April 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199757213
- eISBN:
- 9780190260248
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199757213.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
This chapter focuses on Article 51 of the UN Charter concerning self-defense and examines the concept of legitimate defense. It discusses the concept legitimate defense as an extensive interpretation ...
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This chapter focuses on Article 51 of the UN Charter concerning self-defense and examines the concept of legitimate defense. It discusses the concept legitimate defense as an extensive interpretation of self-defense in the Charter. In addition, it looks into the distinction of understanding and interpretation of various nations of self-defense and the problems that it carries. The chapter also investigates on whether nations have the inherent or natural right to defend not only themselves but other states that are subject or aggression. It cites Operation Desert Storm by the Bush administration as an example.Less
This chapter focuses on Article 51 of the UN Charter concerning self-defense and examines the concept of legitimate defense. It discusses the concept legitimate defense as an extensive interpretation of self-defense in the Charter. In addition, it looks into the distinction of understanding and interpretation of various nations of self-defense and the problems that it carries. The chapter also investigates on whether nations have the inherent or natural right to defend not only themselves but other states that are subject or aggression. It cites Operation Desert Storm by the Bush administration as an example.
