Maurizio Ferrara
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199284665
- eISBN:
- 9780191603273
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199284660.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
This chapter presents a map describing the new spatial architecture of social protection in the European Union resulting from free movement and competition rules, and their effects on traditional ...
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This chapter presents a map describing the new spatial architecture of social protection in the European Union resulting from free movement and competition rules, and their effects on traditional welfare state boundaries. The destructuring consequences of the new boundary configuration are discussed, with specific reference to pensions systems and the issue of migration. The chapter concludes by highlighting the margins of manoeuvre for a possible “nesting” of nation-based forms of social protection in a wider EU space, capable of promoting adaptation and reform, while upholding at the same time the basic pre-conditions for maintaining adequate levels of social protection.Less
This chapter presents a map describing the new spatial architecture of social protection in the European Union resulting from free movement and competition rules, and their effects on traditional welfare state boundaries. The destructuring consequences of the new boundary configuration are discussed, with specific reference to pensions systems and the issue of migration. The chapter concludes by highlighting the margins of manoeuvre for a possible “nesting” of nation-based forms of social protection in a wider EU space, capable of promoting adaptation and reform, while upholding at the same time the basic pre-conditions for maintaining adequate levels of social protection.
Sean McKeever and Michael Ridge
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199290659
- eISBN:
- 9780191603617
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199290652.003.0005
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
According to one dimension of the generalist tradition, moral principles are built into the very meaning of moral predicates. They are analytic truths, and thus anyone who is in fact competent with a ...
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According to one dimension of the generalist tradition, moral principles are built into the very meaning of moral predicates. They are analytic truths, and thus anyone who is in fact competent with a given moral concept is (perhaps implicitly) committed to the associated principle that spells out the object to which the concept applies. On this view, certain moral principles are constitutive of moral thought and judgment; this view is called ‘constitutive generalism’. This chapter defends a form of generalism and it argues against constitutive generalism by deploying a version of G. E. Moore’s Open Question Argument.Less
According to one dimension of the generalist tradition, moral principles are built into the very meaning of moral predicates. They are analytic truths, and thus anyone who is in fact competent with a given moral concept is (perhaps implicitly) committed to the associated principle that spells out the object to which the concept applies. On this view, certain moral principles are constitutive of moral thought and judgment; this view is called ‘constitutive generalism’. This chapter defends a form of generalism and it argues against constitutive generalism by deploying a version of G. E. Moore’s Open Question Argument.
Bruno Palier and Philippe Pochet
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199283958
- eISBN:
- 9780191603297
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199283958.003.0011
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
The achievements in European social policy are generally considered weak at best. The European Union’s apparent liberal and supply-side bias lends credence to the idea of a convergence towards the ...
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The achievements in European social policy are generally considered weak at best. The European Union’s apparent liberal and supply-side bias lends credence to the idea of a convergence towards the ‘hegemonic American model’. Yet employment policies and social protection policies have been formally included in European competencies under a specific procedure, the ‘Open Method of Coordination’. The unintended consequence of European economic and monetary integration is that different European organizations now compete for competence in the growing EU social field. This leads to considerable innovation in policy orientation and practices.Less
The achievements in European social policy are generally considered weak at best. The European Union’s apparent liberal and supply-side bias lends credence to the idea of a convergence towards the ‘hegemonic American model’. Yet employment policies and social protection policies have been formally included in European competencies under a specific procedure, the ‘Open Method of Coordination’. The unintended consequence of European economic and monetary integration is that different European organizations now compete for competence in the growing EU social field. This leads to considerable innovation in policy orientation and practices.
Kendall Johnson (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9789888083534
- eISBN:
- 9789882209275
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888083534.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This collection discusses the first commercial encounters between a China on the verge of social transformation and a fledgling United States struggling to assert itself globally as a distinct nation ...
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This collection discusses the first commercial encounters between a China on the verge of social transformation and a fledgling United States struggling to assert itself globally as a distinct nation after the Revolutionary War with Great Britain. In early accounts of these encounters, commercial activity enabled cross-cultural curiosity, communication and even mutual respect. But it also involved confrontation as ambitious American traders pursued lucrative opportunities, often embracing British-style imperialism in the name of ‘free trade’. The book begins in the 1780s with the arrival in Canton of the very first American ship The Empress of China and moves through the nineteenth century, with Caleb Cushing negotiating the Treaty of Wangxia (1844) in Macao after the First Opium War and, at the century's close, Secretary of State John Hay forging the Open Door Policy (1899). Considering Sino-American relations in their broader context, the nine chapters in this book are attuned to the activities of competing European traders, especially the British, in Canton, Macao, and the Pearl River Delta.Less
This collection discusses the first commercial encounters between a China on the verge of social transformation and a fledgling United States struggling to assert itself globally as a distinct nation after the Revolutionary War with Great Britain. In early accounts of these encounters, commercial activity enabled cross-cultural curiosity, communication and even mutual respect. But it also involved confrontation as ambitious American traders pursued lucrative opportunities, often embracing British-style imperialism in the name of ‘free trade’. The book begins in the 1780s with the arrival in Canton of the very first American ship The Empress of China and moves through the nineteenth century, with Caleb Cushing negotiating the Treaty of Wangxia (1844) in Macao after the First Opium War and, at the century's close, Secretary of State John Hay forging the Open Door Policy (1899). Considering Sino-American relations in their broader context, the nine chapters in this book are attuned to the activities of competing European traders, especially the British, in Canton, Macao, and the Pearl River Delta.
Jeremy J. Smith
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199291953
- eISBN:
- 9780191710568
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199291953.003.0005
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics
This chapter begins with a discussion of the strong evidential basis for the Old English-Middle English transition, and then proceeds to discuss the major quantitative sound-changes which ...
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This chapter begins with a discussion of the strong evidential basis for the Old English-Middle English transition, and then proceeds to discuss the major quantitative sound-changes which characterize this transition: homorganic lengthening, shortening, and Middle English Open Syllable Lengthening (MEOSL).Less
This chapter begins with a discussion of the strong evidential basis for the Old English-Middle English transition, and then proceeds to discuss the major quantitative sound-changes which characterize this transition: homorganic lengthening, shortening, and Middle English Open Syllable Lengthening (MEOSL).
Katherin A. Rogers
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199231676
- eISBN:
- 9780191716089
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199231676.003.0009
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion, General
The most popular contemporary approach for reconciling libertarian freedom with divine foreknowledge is Molinism, but the view is fraught with problems and conflicts with classical theism. The other ...
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The most popular contemporary approach for reconciling libertarian freedom with divine foreknowledge is Molinism, but the view is fraught with problems and conflicts with classical theism. The other popular move is Open Theism, a simple rejection of divine foreknowledge. Neither position could be accepted by Anselm. Augustine and Boethius are both compatibilists, yet both lay important groundwork for Anselm's solution to the dilemma, especially through their meditations on time and eternity.Less
The most popular contemporary approach for reconciling libertarian freedom with divine foreknowledge is Molinism, but the view is fraught with problems and conflicts with classical theism. The other popular move is Open Theism, a simple rejection of divine foreknowledge. Neither position could be accepted by Anselm. Augustine and Boethius are both compatibilists, yet both lay important groundwork for Anselm's solution to the dilemma, especially through their meditations on time and eternity.
Bruce Langtry
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199238798
- eISBN:
- 9780191716485
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199238798.003.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion
This chapter outlines the project, defending its moral propriety, and explaining some key concepts: omnipotence, creation, and counterfactual of creaturely freedom. It introduces three important ...
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This chapter outlines the project, defending its moral propriety, and explaining some key concepts: omnipotence, creation, and counterfactual of creaturely freedom. It introduces three important contemporary theories of divine providence: Theological Determinism, Molinism, and Open Theism. Since there is disagreement about how best to understand various terms, and about the presuppositions and implications of various theories, some sections go well beyond stage‐setting, and contain complex philosophical argument, for example the chapter explores how God could compare his options concerning deterministic worlds with his options concerning indeterministic worlds.Less
This chapter outlines the project, defending its moral propriety, and explaining some key concepts: omnipotence, creation, and counterfactual of creaturely freedom. It introduces three important contemporary theories of divine providence: Theological Determinism, Molinism, and Open Theism. Since there is disagreement about how best to understand various terms, and about the presuppositions and implications of various theories, some sections go well beyond stage‐setting, and contain complex philosophical argument, for example the chapter explores how God could compare his options concerning deterministic worlds with his options concerning indeterministic worlds.
Matt Reed and Joss Langford
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- January 2022
- ISBN:
- 9781789621266
- eISBN:
- 9781800852587
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781789621266.003.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Strategy
The preface outlines the aims of the book, which are to provide guidance to commercial innovators on how best to exploit the knowledge and resource capital of universities. If you use the tools ...
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The preface outlines the aims of the book, which are to provide guidance to commercial innovators on how best to exploit the knowledge and resource capital of universities. If you use the tools presented, you will be able to form productive and long-lasting partnerships that will benefit both your company and your collaborators.Less
The preface outlines the aims of the book, which are to provide guidance to commercial innovators on how best to exploit the knowledge and resource capital of universities. If you use the tools presented, you will be able to form productive and long-lasting partnerships that will benefit both your company and your collaborators.
Kenneth A. Armstrong
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199278374
- eISBN:
- 9780191594861
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199278374.003.0002
- Subject:
- Law, EU Law
Since 2000, EU interventions to combat poverty and social exclusion have centred around the emergence of a novel technique of EU governance: the Open Method of Coordination. It is argued that the ...
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Since 2000, EU interventions to combat poverty and social exclusion have centred around the emergence of a novel technique of EU governance: the Open Method of Coordination. It is argued that the desire to study ‘the OMC’ and to compare it to other EU governance tools has given policy coordination an overly singular identity. This chapter deconstructs this technique in order to render its identity more ambiguous and more fluid than scholars have often been prepared to admit. It is suggested that different rationales, modes, and philosophies underpin coordination processes with significant implications for the role of the OMC as a medium of either ‘top-down’ or ‘bottom-up’ benchmarking. In turn, this has implications for the tolerance of policy autonomy and the pursuit of policy convergence. Moreover, there is a central ambiguity as to whether the objective of policy coordination is governance through influence or a form of ‘dynamic accountability’.Less
Since 2000, EU interventions to combat poverty and social exclusion have centred around the emergence of a novel technique of EU governance: the Open Method of Coordination. It is argued that the desire to study ‘the OMC’ and to compare it to other EU governance tools has given policy coordination an overly singular identity. This chapter deconstructs this technique in order to render its identity more ambiguous and more fluid than scholars have often been prepared to admit. It is suggested that different rationales, modes, and philosophies underpin coordination processes with significant implications for the role of the OMC as a medium of either ‘top-down’ or ‘bottom-up’ benchmarking. In turn, this has implications for the tolerance of policy autonomy and the pursuit of policy convergence. Moreover, there is a central ambiguity as to whether the objective of policy coordination is governance through influence or a form of ‘dynamic accountability’.
Trond Bjørndal and Gordon R. Munro
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199576753
- eISBN:
- 9780191745973
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199576753.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental, Financial Economics
This chapter reviews the Gordon-Schaefer static economic model of the fishery, the model marking the beginning of modern fisheries economics. The model is examined in the context of two cases – Pure ...
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This chapter reviews the Gordon-Schaefer static economic model of the fishery, the model marking the beginning of modern fisheries economics. The model is examined in the context of two cases – Pure Open Access, in which property rights and government regulations are completely absent; and Regulated Open Access, in which there is government regulation of the fishery that is confined strictly to season by season harvest limits. The static model demonstrates that overexploitation of the resource will occur under Pure Open Access, along with dissipation of resource rent, and that, as a minimum, resource rent dissipation, driven by excess fleet capacity, will occur under Regulated Open Access. The chapter concludes with an assessment of the static economic model of the fishery, pointing both to the conclusions of the model that continue to be valid, and to the shortcomings of the model arising from its static nature.Less
This chapter reviews the Gordon-Schaefer static economic model of the fishery, the model marking the beginning of modern fisheries economics. The model is examined in the context of two cases – Pure Open Access, in which property rights and government regulations are completely absent; and Regulated Open Access, in which there is government regulation of the fishery that is confined strictly to season by season harvest limits. The static model demonstrates that overexploitation of the resource will occur under Pure Open Access, along with dissipation of resource rent, and that, as a minimum, resource rent dissipation, driven by excess fleet capacity, will occur under Regulated Open Access. The chapter concludes with an assessment of the static economic model of the fishery, pointing both to the conclusions of the model that continue to be valid, and to the shortcomings of the model arising from its static nature.
Karen Anderson
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199583188
- eISBN:
- 9780191594502
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199583188.003.0011
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law, EU Law
This chapter investigates the ways in which European integration is shaping the development of national pension systems in the EU. It begins with a brief discussion of the variable forms of ...
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This chapter investigates the ways in which European integration is shaping the development of national pension systems in the EU. It begins with a brief discussion of the variable forms of solidarity embedded in national pension systems. It then discusses the three core components of the EU's emerging pensions paradigm: the Open Method of Coordination (OMC) process as applied to pensions, the recently adopted Occupational Pension Fund Directive, and the proposed Directive on pension portability. This includes discussion of some of the consequences of EU pension policy in Germany and the Netherlands. The concluding section discusses the implications of the analysis for the future of social solidarity in the EU.Less
This chapter investigates the ways in which European integration is shaping the development of national pension systems in the EU. It begins with a brief discussion of the variable forms of solidarity embedded in national pension systems. It then discusses the three core components of the EU's emerging pensions paradigm: the Open Method of Coordination (OMC) process as applied to pensions, the recently adopted Occupational Pension Fund Directive, and the proposed Directive on pension portability. This includes discussion of some of the consequences of EU pension policy in Germany and the Netherlands. The concluding section discusses the implications of the analysis for the future of social solidarity in the EU.
Bettina Lange and Nafsika Alexiadou
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199583188
- eISBN:
- 9780191594502
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199583188.003.0012
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law, EU Law
This chapter focuses on policy learning, one specific aspect of the governance process that contributes to the building of a European Social Model (ESM). It starts from the assumption that if we want ...
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This chapter focuses on policy learning, one specific aspect of the governance process that contributes to the building of a European Social Model (ESM). It starts from the assumption that if we want to understand what forms of solidarity develop in the EU it is important, first of all, to understand the governance processes through which a social dimension of the EU is established. The chapter traces how the construction of discourses about policy learning within institutional frameworks comes to govern education in the EU. It argues, firstly, that policy learning contributes to EU governance in education through four distinct policy learning styles: mutual, competitive, surface, and imperialistic learning. Secondly, it suggests that policy learning contributes to governance because it is not a separate and discrete strategy but is embedded in already established governance regimes, such as the use of expert knowledge.Less
This chapter focuses on policy learning, one specific aspect of the governance process that contributes to the building of a European Social Model (ESM). It starts from the assumption that if we want to understand what forms of solidarity develop in the EU it is important, first of all, to understand the governance processes through which a social dimension of the EU is established. The chapter traces how the construction of discourses about policy learning within institutional frameworks comes to govern education in the EU. It argues, firstly, that policy learning contributes to EU governance in education through four distinct policy learning styles: mutual, competitive, surface, and imperialistic learning. Secondly, it suggests that policy learning contributes to governance because it is not a separate and discrete strategy but is embedded in already established governance regimes, such as the use of expert knowledge.
Anne Carolyn Klein and Tenzin Wangyal
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195178494
- eISBN:
- 9780199784790
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195178491.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
This book provides a study and translation of the Authenticity of Open Awareness, a foundational text of the Bon Dzogchen tradition. This is the first time a Bon philosophical text of this scope has ...
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This book provides a study and translation of the Authenticity of Open Awareness, a foundational text of the Bon Dzogchen tradition. This is the first time a Bon philosophical text of this scope has been translated into any Western language, and as such, it is an addition to the study of Tibetan religion and Eastern thought. The book provides introductory, explanatory, and historical material that situates the text in the context of Tibetan thought and culture.Less
This book provides a study and translation of the Authenticity of Open Awareness, a foundational text of the Bon Dzogchen tradition. This is the first time a Bon philosophical text of this scope has been translated into any Western language, and as such, it is an addition to the study of Tibetan religion and Eastern thought. The book provides introductory, explanatory, and historical material that situates the text in the context of Tibetan thought and culture.
Sabina Leonelli
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780226416335
- eISBN:
- 9780226416502
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226416502.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Science
The convergence of new technologies for the production, dissemination and analysis of scientific data and new regulatory regimes has provoked a reshuffling of priorities in research practices and ...
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The convergence of new technologies for the production, dissemination and analysis of scientific data and new regulatory regimes has provoked a reshuffling of priorities in research practices and outcomes, with important consequences for what is viewed as scientific knowledge and how that knowledge is obtained, legitimated and used. This book investigates how databases are set up and used to generate biological knowledge, and the practical difficulties and challenges confronted by database curators when attempting to package data for travel. These insights inform debate on four fundamental issues: what counts as knowledge at a time of significant technological and institutional changes; what counts as data, and how this relates to existing conceptions of the role and use of evidence in the life sciences and elsewhere; what does it mean to organize and interpret data to generate new knowledge of living systems; and under what conditions is such a systematization achieved.Less
The convergence of new technologies for the production, dissemination and analysis of scientific data and new regulatory regimes has provoked a reshuffling of priorities in research practices and outcomes, with important consequences for what is viewed as scientific knowledge and how that knowledge is obtained, legitimated and used. This book investigates how databases are set up and used to generate biological knowledge, and the practical difficulties and challenges confronted by database curators when attempting to package data for travel. These insights inform debate on four fundamental issues: what counts as knowledge at a time of significant technological and institutional changes; what counts as data, and how this relates to existing conceptions of the role and use of evidence in the life sciences and elsewhere; what does it mean to organize and interpret data to generate new knowledge of living systems; and under what conditions is such a systematization achieved.
Rod Earle and James Mehigan (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781447353065
- eISBN:
- 9781447353089
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447353065.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Education
Degrees of Freedom is the first book to examine The Open University’s pioneering work with people in prison. This unique book gives voice to prisoners and ex-prisoners whose lives have been ...
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Degrees of Freedom is the first book to examine The Open University’s pioneering work with people in prison. This unique book gives voice to prisoners and ex-prisoners whose lives have been transformed by education. The first five chapters offer analysis from OU academics on the history and contexts of OU prison education. The other nine chapters are from people with first-hand experience of studying with the OU in prison. These vivid personal testimonies are supplemented by nine shorter reflective vignettes that combine to demonstrate the diversity of interest and experience among OU students in prison. Published in December 2019 to coincide with the 50th anniversary of The Open University, this book is a valuable resource for students, scholars and anyone curious to know more about prisons, education and universities. Widely regarded as one of the world’s greatest educational innovations, The Open University has developed a powerful reputation for delivering education in prisons. In doing so it fulfils an important part of its mission to promote social justice. The Open University’s work in prisons gives form and substance to its founding declaration ‘to be open to people, ideas, methods and places’. The men and women who have built this reputation by undertaking their studies in uniquely challenging circumstances have rarely had the opportunity to tell their story. This book changes that by presenting their accounts of learning inside prisons with The Open University and the effects it has had on their lives beyond prison walls.Less
Degrees of Freedom is the first book to examine The Open University’s pioneering work with people in prison. This unique book gives voice to prisoners and ex-prisoners whose lives have been transformed by education. The first five chapters offer analysis from OU academics on the history and contexts of OU prison education. The other nine chapters are from people with first-hand experience of studying with the OU in prison. These vivid personal testimonies are supplemented by nine shorter reflective vignettes that combine to demonstrate the diversity of interest and experience among OU students in prison. Published in December 2019 to coincide with the 50th anniversary of The Open University, this book is a valuable resource for students, scholars and anyone curious to know more about prisons, education and universities. Widely regarded as one of the world’s greatest educational innovations, The Open University has developed a powerful reputation for delivering education in prisons. In doing so it fulfils an important part of its mission to promote social justice. The Open University’s work in prisons gives form and substance to its founding declaration ‘to be open to people, ideas, methods and places’. The men and women who have built this reputation by undertaking their studies in uniquely challenging circumstances have rarely had the opportunity to tell their story. This book changes that by presenting their accounts of learning inside prisons with The Open University and the effects it has had on their lives beyond prison walls.
Robert Gottlieb and Simon Ng
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780262035910
- eISBN:
- 9780262338868
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262035910.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
During the past four decades Los Angeles and Hong Kong have come to play a critical role in the flow of goods, people, and capital; in the changes in production and consumption; and in the urban ...
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During the past four decades Los Angeles and Hong Kong have come to play a critical role in the flow of goods, people, and capital; in the changes in production and consumption; and in the urban environmental issues that have taken root as a result of the changes they have experienced. The book evaluates the issues associated with those changes, including how LA and Hong Kong have become connected to China and its key urban regions such as Shenzhen and Guangzhou in the Pearl River Delta. Los Angeles, Hong Kong, and several of China’s mega-cities have become global in their activities and reach through their financial, political and economic roles as well as the cultural, environmental, and demographic shifts that have taken place. The book documents the history and protracted nature of six urban environmental issues in Los Angeles, Hong Kong, and China. These include ports and freight traffic (or goods movement), air quality, water supply and water quality, the food environment, transportation, and open and public space. It identifies contrasting development patterns, important similarities, and comparative trends and strategies. The book further analyzes how urban environmental issues have risen to the top of the policy agendas in Los Angeles, Hong Kong, and China, where and how changes are being explored and where change is possible, and where and how such changes have been blocked or undermined.Less
During the past four decades Los Angeles and Hong Kong have come to play a critical role in the flow of goods, people, and capital; in the changes in production and consumption; and in the urban environmental issues that have taken root as a result of the changes they have experienced. The book evaluates the issues associated with those changes, including how LA and Hong Kong have become connected to China and its key urban regions such as Shenzhen and Guangzhou in the Pearl River Delta. Los Angeles, Hong Kong, and several of China’s mega-cities have become global in their activities and reach through their financial, political and economic roles as well as the cultural, environmental, and demographic shifts that have taken place. The book documents the history and protracted nature of six urban environmental issues in Los Angeles, Hong Kong, and China. These include ports and freight traffic (or goods movement), air quality, water supply and water quality, the food environment, transportation, and open and public space. It identifies contrasting development patterns, important similarities, and comparative trends and strategies. The book further analyzes how urban environmental issues have risen to the top of the policy agendas in Los Angeles, Hong Kong, and China, where and how changes are being explored and where change is possible, and where and how such changes have been blocked or undermined.
Chandran Kukathas
- Published in print:
- 1989
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198273264
- eISBN:
- 9780191684029
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198273264.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter examines why Hayek's defence of a liberal political philosophy did not succeed. Hayek failed to provide a coherent and plausible defence of the liberal social order because his thought ...
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This chapter examines why Hayek's defence of a liberal political philosophy did not succeed. Hayek failed to provide a coherent and plausible defence of the liberal social order because his thought is governed by two incompatible attitudes. The first embraces a brand of anti-rationalism and the suggestion that there is a connection between an appreciation of the nature of mind and society as the unintended products of evolution as spontaneous orders, and the liberal ideal of an ‘Open Society’, which is precisely the connection Hayek did not establish. This chapter also discusses Hayek's contribution to modern liberalism. Hayek's political thought is worthy of attention not because he has generated novel solutions to the traditional problems of political philosophy, but because he offered a distinctive conception of the liberal social order, one which presents an important challenge to liberalism's critics, and to many of its self-proclaimed defenders.Less
This chapter examines why Hayek's defence of a liberal political philosophy did not succeed. Hayek failed to provide a coherent and plausible defence of the liberal social order because his thought is governed by two incompatible attitudes. The first embraces a brand of anti-rationalism and the suggestion that there is a connection between an appreciation of the nature of mind and society as the unintended products of evolution as spontaneous orders, and the liberal ideal of an ‘Open Society’, which is precisely the connection Hayek did not establish. This chapter also discusses Hayek's contribution to modern liberalism. Hayek's political thought is worthy of attention not because he has generated novel solutions to the traditional problems of political philosophy, but because he offered a distinctive conception of the liberal social order, one which presents an important challenge to liberalism's critics, and to many of its self-proclaimed defenders.
Mark Freedland, Paul Craig, Catherine Jacqueson, and Nicola Kountouris
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199233489
- eISBN:
- 9780191716324
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199233489.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, EU Law, Employment Law
This chapter analyses the various instruments that shape and regulate public services in Europe, with a particular focus on those instruments affecting social public services and employment services. ...
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This chapter analyses the various instruments that shape and regulate public services in Europe, with a particular focus on those instruments affecting social public services and employment services. It is suggested that public services, and employment services in particular, are placed in the midst of an extremely complex regulatory web composed by both traditional, hard law, instruments and by more reflexive and soft forms of regulation, ranging from policy Guidelines elaborated within the OMC framework, to funding arrangements provided by the European Social Fund. Crucially, this regulatory web is both woven at a supranational level and at a national and, sometimes, sub-national level and is inspired by both social and economic concerns. A visible trend is the growing role played by private and contractual modes of regulation, most obviously in the relationship between public services, private contractors/providers, and individual users.Less
This chapter analyses the various instruments that shape and regulate public services in Europe, with a particular focus on those instruments affecting social public services and employment services. It is suggested that public services, and employment services in particular, are placed in the midst of an extremely complex regulatory web composed by both traditional, hard law, instruments and by more reflexive and soft forms of regulation, ranging from policy Guidelines elaborated within the OMC framework, to funding arrangements provided by the European Social Fund. Crucially, this regulatory web is both woven at a supranational level and at a national and, sometimes, sub-national level and is inspired by both social and economic concerns. A visible trend is the growing role played by private and contractual modes of regulation, most obviously in the relationship between public services, private contractors/providers, and individual users.
Maaheen Ahmed
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781496805935
- eISBN:
- 9781496805973
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496805935.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Comics Studies
Never before have comics seemed so popular or diversified, proliferating across a broad spectrum of genres, experimenting with a variety of techniques, and gaining recognition as a rich form of art. ...
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Never before have comics seemed so popular or diversified, proliferating across a broad spectrum of genres, experimenting with a variety of techniques, and gaining recognition as a rich form of art. Openness of Comics examines this trend by taking up the philosopher Umberto Eco’s notion of the open work of art, according to which the reader–or listener or viewer, as the case may be–is offered several possibilities of interpretation in a cohesive narrative and aesthetic structure. The monograph delineates the visual, literary, and other medium-specific features used by comics to form open rather than closed works, focusing on the methods through which comics generate (or limit) meaning, as well as increase the scope of reading into a text.
The analysis of a diverse group of Anglo-American and European (Franco-Belgian, German, Finnish) comics from key genre categories–fictionalized memories and biographies, adventure and superhero, noir, black comedy and crime, science fiction and fantasy–demonstrate the many ways in which comics generate openness by teasing genres codes and conventions while maintaining a cohesive structure.
Analyzed comics include: Will Eisner’s The Contract with God Trilogy, Jacques Tardi’s It Was the War of the Trenches, Hugo Pratt’s The Ballade of the Salty Sea, Edmond Baudoin’s The Voyage,Grant Morrison and Dave McKean’s Arkham Asylum, Neil Gaiman’s Sandman, Alan Moore and Eddie Campbell’s From Hell, Moebius’ Arzach, Yslaire’s Cloud 99 series, and JarmoMäkilä’s Taxi Ride to Van Gogh’s Ear.Less
Never before have comics seemed so popular or diversified, proliferating across a broad spectrum of genres, experimenting with a variety of techniques, and gaining recognition as a rich form of art. Openness of Comics examines this trend by taking up the philosopher Umberto Eco’s notion of the open work of art, according to which the reader–or listener or viewer, as the case may be–is offered several possibilities of interpretation in a cohesive narrative and aesthetic structure. The monograph delineates the visual, literary, and other medium-specific features used by comics to form open rather than closed works, focusing on the methods through which comics generate (or limit) meaning, as well as increase the scope of reading into a text.
The analysis of a diverse group of Anglo-American and European (Franco-Belgian, German, Finnish) comics from key genre categories–fictionalized memories and biographies, adventure and superhero, noir, black comedy and crime, science fiction and fantasy–demonstrate the many ways in which comics generate openness by teasing genres codes and conventions while maintaining a cohesive structure.
Analyzed comics include: Will Eisner’s The Contract with God Trilogy, Jacques Tardi’s It Was the War of the Trenches, Hugo Pratt’s The Ballade of the Salty Sea, Edmond Baudoin’s The Voyage,Grant Morrison and Dave McKean’s Arkham Asylum, Neil Gaiman’s Sandman, Alan Moore and Eddie Campbell’s From Hell, Moebius’ Arzach, Yslaire’s Cloud 99 series, and JarmoMäkilä’s Taxi Ride to Van Gogh’s Ear.
W. G. Beasley
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198221685
- eISBN:
- 9780191678479
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198221685.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
Japan's victory over China in 1894–5 at once undermined the stability of the treaty port system. The outcome in the years 1895–1900 was a compromise. One ingredient in it was the creation of spheres ...
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Japan's victory over China in 1894–5 at once undermined the stability of the treaty port system. The outcome in the years 1895–1900 was a compromise. One ingredient in it was the creation of spheres of influence. It was into this environment that Japan was thrust by the Treaty of Shimonoseki. The situation was significantly different from the ‘co-operative imperialism’ the Japanese thought that they were joining, within which treaty signatories shared their privileges through the most-favoured-nation clause. Instead, there were fierce imperialist rivalries, as much about territory as about trade, One of the most powerful predators, Russia, was established at Japan's doorstep, and this posed a crucial dilemma. Challenging Russia, as the Triple Intervention had made plain, could only be attempted with some indication of support from Britain and America. The price of this was accepting the Open Door.Less
Japan's victory over China in 1894–5 at once undermined the stability of the treaty port system. The outcome in the years 1895–1900 was a compromise. One ingredient in it was the creation of spheres of influence. It was into this environment that Japan was thrust by the Treaty of Shimonoseki. The situation was significantly different from the ‘co-operative imperialism’ the Japanese thought that they were joining, within which treaty signatories shared their privileges through the most-favoured-nation clause. Instead, there were fierce imperialist rivalries, as much about territory as about trade, One of the most powerful predators, Russia, was established at Japan's doorstep, and this posed a crucial dilemma. Challenging Russia, as the Triple Intervention had made plain, could only be attempted with some indication of support from Britain and America. The price of this was accepting the Open Door.
