Linda A. Newson
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824832728
- eISBN:
- 9780824870096
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824832728.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter examines what diseases were present in the Philippines when the Spanish arrived, along with their demographic implications. Before assessing the demographic impact of Old World diseases ...
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This chapter examines what diseases were present in the Philippines when the Spanish arrived, along with their demographic implications. Before assessing the demographic impact of Old World diseases on the Philippines, the chapter explains the distinction between chronic and acute infections. It then provides a background on the physical and human geography of the Philippines and notes the significant influence of the low population density in pre-Spanish times on the spread and impact of diseases. It also discusses the existence of chronic and acute infections in pre-Spanish Philippines, along with contacts between mainland Asia and the Southeast Asian archipelago, the spread of disease within the Philippine archipelago, and the outbreak of Old World diseases in the early colonial period. The chapter suggests that relatively low levels of population decline in the colonial period can be attributed more to Philippine geography than to any immunity that Filipinos had acquired to acute infections during pre-Spanish times.Less
This chapter examines what diseases were present in the Philippines when the Spanish arrived, along with their demographic implications. Before assessing the demographic impact of Old World diseases on the Philippines, the chapter explains the distinction between chronic and acute infections. It then provides a background on the physical and human geography of the Philippines and notes the significant influence of the low population density in pre-Spanish times on the spread and impact of diseases. It also discusses the existence of chronic and acute infections in pre-Spanish Philippines, along with contacts between mainland Asia and the Southeast Asian archipelago, the spread of disease within the Philippine archipelago, and the outbreak of Old World diseases in the early colonial period. The chapter suggests that relatively low levels of population decline in the colonial period can be attributed more to Philippine geography than to any immunity that Filipinos had acquired to acute infections during pre-Spanish times.
Linda A. Newson
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824832728
- eISBN:
- 9780824870096
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824832728.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
Scholars have long assumed that Spanish colonial rule had only a limited demographic impact on the Philippines. Filipinos, they believed, had acquired immunity to Old World diseases prior to Spanish ...
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Scholars have long assumed that Spanish colonial rule had only a limited demographic impact on the Philippines. Filipinos, they believed, had acquired immunity to Old World diseases prior to Spanish arrival; conquest was thought to have been more benignt han what took place in the Americas because of more enlightened colonial policies introduced by Philip II. This book illuminates the demographic history of the Spanish Philippines in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and, in the process, challenges these assumptions. The book demonstrates that the islands suffered a significant population decline in the early colonial period. It argues that the sparse population of the islands meant that Old World diseases could not become endemic in pre-Spanish times, and also shows that the initial conquest of the Philippines was far bloodier than has often been supposed. Comparisons are made with the impact of Spanish colonial rule in the Americas. The book examines critically each major area in Luzon and the Visayas in turn. It proposes a new estimate for the population of the Visayas and Luzon of 1.57 million in 1565 and calculates that by the mid-seventeenth century this figure may have fallen by about two-thidrs.Less
Scholars have long assumed that Spanish colonial rule had only a limited demographic impact on the Philippines. Filipinos, they believed, had acquired immunity to Old World diseases prior to Spanish arrival; conquest was thought to have been more benignt han what took place in the Americas because of more enlightened colonial policies introduced by Philip II. This book illuminates the demographic history of the Spanish Philippines in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and, in the process, challenges these assumptions. The book demonstrates that the islands suffered a significant population decline in the early colonial period. It argues that the sparse population of the islands meant that Old World diseases could not become endemic in pre-Spanish times, and also shows that the initial conquest of the Philippines was far bloodier than has often been supposed. Comparisons are made with the impact of Spanish colonial rule in the Americas. The book examines critically each major area in Luzon and the Visayas in turn. It proposes a new estimate for the population of the Visayas and Luzon of 1.57 million in 1565 and calculates that by the mid-seventeenth century this figure may have fallen by about two-thidrs.
Robbie Ethridge
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807834350
- eISBN:
- 9781469603742
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807899335_ethridge.8
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Native American Studies
This chapter argues that even Hernando de Soto's grim swath of destruction and disruption, the presence of the Spanish in La Florida, and the introduction of Old World disease cannot account for the ...
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This chapter argues that even Hernando de Soto's grim swath of destruction and disruption, the presence of the Spanish in La Florida, and the introduction of Old World disease cannot account for the decline of Mississippian polities and the restructuring that took place across the whole of the American South over the seventeenth century. Certainly, Soto's presence disrupted much, and that, along with subsequent disease epidemics and cultural exchanges with later Spaniards, had profound impacts on Native life during the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. But these disruptions, epidemics, and exchanges, in and of themselves, were not fully transforming. Rather, it was the introduction of a new economic system ushered in by a commercial trade in Indian slaves and skins that completed the constellation of forces that created the Mississippian shatter zone. In effect, then, not until Native peoples became engaged in the world economy through contact with the English, French, and Dutch did they revamp their social, political, and economic orders.Less
This chapter argues that even Hernando de Soto's grim swath of destruction and disruption, the presence of the Spanish in La Florida, and the introduction of Old World disease cannot account for the decline of Mississippian polities and the restructuring that took place across the whole of the American South over the seventeenth century. Certainly, Soto's presence disrupted much, and that, along with subsequent disease epidemics and cultural exchanges with later Spaniards, had profound impacts on Native life during the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. But these disruptions, epidemics, and exchanges, in and of themselves, were not fully transforming. Rather, it was the introduction of a new economic system ushered in by a commercial trade in Indian slaves and skins that completed the constellation of forces that created the Mississippian shatter zone. In effect, then, not until Native peoples became engaged in the world economy through contact with the English, French, and Dutch did they revamp their social, political, and economic orders.
Della Collins Cook
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780195389807
- eISBN:
- 9780190254308
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780195389807.003.0031
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This chapter presents a biographical sketch of Herbert Upham Williams. This is followed by a discussion of his contributions to paleopathology. Williams was an exemplary academic physician who turned ...
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This chapter presents a biographical sketch of Herbert Upham Williams. This is followed by a discussion of his contributions to paleopathology. Williams was an exemplary academic physician who turned to paleopathology in his later years. The San Diego bibliography lists just twelve publications by Williams, but they make up in substance what they lack in number. In his influential 1966 essay, Saul Jarcho included Williams among the eleven founders of paleopathology in the United States, stressing his academic bent, his professionalism, and his extensive use of radiology and histology. Williams' early effort in medical history produced two papers read before the Johns Hopkins History Club (1909). The longer paper begins with an original, thoughtful discussion of Columbian disease introductions in the Old and New World. At the 1926 joint meetings of the American Anthropological Association (AAA) and the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) he presented a description, with histological and immunological analysis, of a Peruvian double mummy bundle from the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago.Less
This chapter presents a biographical sketch of Herbert Upham Williams. This is followed by a discussion of his contributions to paleopathology. Williams was an exemplary academic physician who turned to paleopathology in his later years. The San Diego bibliography lists just twelve publications by Williams, but they make up in substance what they lack in number. In his influential 1966 essay, Saul Jarcho included Williams among the eleven founders of paleopathology in the United States, stressing his academic bent, his professionalism, and his extensive use of radiology and histology. Williams' early effort in medical history produced two papers read before the Johns Hopkins History Club (1909). The longer paper begins with an original, thoughtful discussion of Columbian disease introductions in the Old and New World. At the 1926 joint meetings of the American Anthropological Association (AAA) and the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) he presented a description, with histological and immunological analysis, of a Peruvian double mummy bundle from the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago.
