Elizabeth Rose
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195395075
- eISBN:
- 9780199775767
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195395075.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
How did the United States move from seeing preschool as a way to give the nation's poorest children a “head start” to seeing preschool as the beginning of public education for all children? Advocates ...
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How did the United States move from seeing preschool as a way to give the nation's poorest children a “head start” to seeing preschool as the beginning of public education for all children? Advocates and policymakers have recently had remarkable success at expanding preschool in many parts of the country, and are gaining support for federal action as well. Yet questions still remain about the best ways to shape policy that will fulfill the promise of preschool. The Promise of Preschool investigates how policy choices in the past forty‐five years—such as the creation of Head Start in the 1960s, efforts to craft a child care system in the 1970s, and the campaign to reform K‐12 schooling in the 1980s—helped shape the decisions that policymakers are now making about early education. In addition to exploring the sources of today's preschool movement, the book also examines policy questions such as, should preschool be provided to all children, or just to the neediest? Should it be run by public schools, or incorporate private child care providers? What are the most important ways to ensure educational quality? By looking at these policy issues through the lens of history, the book offers a unique perspective on this important area of education reform, and explores how an understanding of the past can help spur debate about today's decisions.Less
How did the United States move from seeing preschool as a way to give the nation's poorest children a “head start” to seeing preschool as the beginning of public education for all children? Advocates and policymakers have recently had remarkable success at expanding preschool in many parts of the country, and are gaining support for federal action as well. Yet questions still remain about the best ways to shape policy that will fulfill the promise of preschool. The Promise of Preschool investigates how policy choices in the past forty‐five years—such as the creation of Head Start in the 1960s, efforts to craft a child care system in the 1970s, and the campaign to reform K‐12 schooling in the 1980s—helped shape the decisions that policymakers are now making about early education. In addition to exploring the sources of today's preschool movement, the book also examines policy questions such as, should preschool be provided to all children, or just to the neediest? Should it be run by public schools, or incorporate private child care providers? What are the most important ways to ensure educational quality? By looking at these policy issues through the lens of history, the book offers a unique perspective on this important area of education reform, and explores how an understanding of the past can help spur debate about today's decisions.
Elizabeth Rose
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195395075
- eISBN:
- 9780199775767
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195395075.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Leaders in four states, inspired in different ways by the intersection of economics and education reform, dramatically expanded publicly‐supported pre‐kindergarten in the 1990s. In Georgia, Gov. Zell ...
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Leaders in four states, inspired in different ways by the intersection of economics and education reform, dramatically expanded publicly‐supported pre‐kindergarten in the 1990s. In Georgia, Gov. Zell Miller latched onto the idea of pre‐kindergarten as a means of improving education and boosting his state's economy; he ultimately made the program universal, creating a broad constituency. In Oklahoma, pre‐kindergarten was part of the reform demanded by the state legislature when the K‐12 system faced a fiscal crisis. Here education officials and legislators took the lead, quietly expanding their school‐based program to make it universal. In New York, early childhood advocates mobilized to implement a universal program at a time of economic growth, but were stalled for a number of years by fiscal crises and the opposition of their governor. New Jersey's preschool expansion, on the other hand, was driven by a court's ruling that the state must provide more funding to children in its most disadvantaged school districts. Each of these states helped lay the groundwork for a movement for “preschool for all.”Less
Leaders in four states, inspired in different ways by the intersection of economics and education reform, dramatically expanded publicly‐supported pre‐kindergarten in the 1990s. In Georgia, Gov. Zell Miller latched onto the idea of pre‐kindergarten as a means of improving education and boosting his state's economy; he ultimately made the program universal, creating a broad constituency. In Oklahoma, pre‐kindergarten was part of the reform demanded by the state legislature when the K‐12 system faced a fiscal crisis. Here education officials and legislators took the lead, quietly expanding their school‐based program to make it universal. In New York, early childhood advocates mobilized to implement a universal program at a time of economic growth, but were stalled for a number of years by fiscal crises and the opposition of their governor. New Jersey's preschool expansion, on the other hand, was driven by a court's ruling that the state must provide more funding to children in its most disadvantaged school districts. Each of these states helped lay the groundwork for a movement for “preschool for all.”
Tanis C. Thorne
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195182989
- eISBN:
- 9780199789030
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195182989.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This is first biography of Jackson Barnett, the Native American who gained unexpected wealth from oil found on his property. The book explores how control of Barnett's fortune was violently contested ...
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This is first biography of Jackson Barnett, the Native American who gained unexpected wealth from oil found on his property. The book explores how control of Barnett's fortune was violently contested by his guardian, the state of Oklahoma, the Baptist Church, and the Bureau of Indian Affairs, among others. Barnett's case came to national prominence as an example of Bureau of Indian Affairs mismanagement of Indian property. Litigation over Barnett's wealth lasted two decades and stimulated Congress to make long-overdue reforms in its policies towards Indians. Highlighting the paradoxical role played by the federal government, Barnett's story comprises many of the major agents in 20th-century Native American history. As well as a biography, this book is also a study of early-20th-century Indian policy and administration.Less
This is first biography of Jackson Barnett, the Native American who gained unexpected wealth from oil found on his property. The book explores how control of Barnett's fortune was violently contested by his guardian, the state of Oklahoma, the Baptist Church, and the Bureau of Indian Affairs, among others. Barnett's case came to national prominence as an example of Bureau of Indian Affairs mismanagement of Indian property. Litigation over Barnett's wealth lasted two decades and stimulated Congress to make long-overdue reforms in its policies towards Indians. Highlighting the paradoxical role played by the federal government, Barnett's story comprises many of the major agents in 20th-century Native American history. As well as a biography, this book is also a study of early-20th-century Indian policy and administration.
Lawrence A. Scaff
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691147796
- eISBN:
- 9781400836710
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691147796.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Population and Demography
This chapter examines Max Weber's exploration of the American heartland and frontier, with particular emphasis on his experiences in Oklahoma and the Indian Territory. It first considers how the idea ...
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This chapter examines Max Weber's exploration of the American heartland and frontier, with particular emphasis on his experiences in Oklahoma and the Indian Territory. It first considers how the idea for Weber's Oklahoma and Indian Territory trip originated in the first place before discussing the “unique problems” that Weber encountered in the Indian Territory, including questions of tribal membership or citizenship, and land allotment. It then analyzes Weber's claim that the coming of modern industrial civilization led to the rapid disappearance of the romanticized past. As he put it, the “Leatherstocking romanticism” of native life and the frontier was coming to an end. The chapter also explores Weber's views on the construction of “nature,” the emergence of a new world, and traditionalism and concludes with an assessment of the significance of the frontier to Weber's work.Less
This chapter examines Max Weber's exploration of the American heartland and frontier, with particular emphasis on his experiences in Oklahoma and the Indian Territory. It first considers how the idea for Weber's Oklahoma and Indian Territory trip originated in the first place before discussing the “unique problems” that Weber encountered in the Indian Territory, including questions of tribal membership or citizenship, and land allotment. It then analyzes Weber's claim that the coming of modern industrial civilization led to the rapid disappearance of the romanticized past. As he put it, the “Leatherstocking romanticism” of native life and the frontier was coming to an end. The chapter also explores Weber's views on the construction of “nature,” the emergence of a new world, and traditionalism and concludes with an assessment of the significance of the frontier to Weber's work.
Claudio Saunt
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195176315
- eISBN:
- 9780199788972
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195176315.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This book explores the history of a Native American family using a rich collection of sources, including G. W. Grayson's never-before studied forty-four volume diary. At the heart of the narrative is ...
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This book explores the history of a Native American family using a rich collection of sources, including G. W. Grayson's never-before studied forty-four volume diary. At the heart of the narrative is a fact suppressed to this day by some Graysons: one branch of the family is of African descent. Focusing on five generations from 1780 to 1920, this book reveals the terrible compromises that Indians had to make to survive in the shadow of the expanding American republic. Overwhelmed by the racial hierarchy of the United States, American Indians disowned their kin, enslaved their relatives, and fought each other on the battlefield. In the 18th-century native South, when the Graysons first welcomed Africans into their family, black-Indian relationships were common and bore little social stigma. But as American slave plantations began to spread across Indian lands, race took on ever greater significance. Native American families found that their survival depended on distancing themselves from their black relatives. The black and Indian Graysons survived the invasion of the Creek Nation by US troops in 1813 and again in 1836, endured Indian removal and the Trail of Tears, battled each other in the Civil War, and weathered the destruction of the Creek Nation in the 1890s. When they finally became American citizens in 1907, Oklahoma law defined some Graysons as white, some as black. By this time, the two sides of the family, divided by race, barely acknowledged each other.Less
This book explores the history of a Native American family using a rich collection of sources, including G. W. Grayson's never-before studied forty-four volume diary. At the heart of the narrative is a fact suppressed to this day by some Graysons: one branch of the family is of African descent. Focusing on five generations from 1780 to 1920, this book reveals the terrible compromises that Indians had to make to survive in the shadow of the expanding American republic. Overwhelmed by the racial hierarchy of the United States, American Indians disowned their kin, enslaved their relatives, and fought each other on the battlefield. In the 18th-century native South, when the Graysons first welcomed Africans into their family, black-Indian relationships were common and bore little social stigma. But as American slave plantations began to spread across Indian lands, race took on ever greater significance. Native American families found that their survival depended on distancing themselves from their black relatives. The black and Indian Graysons survived the invasion of the Creek Nation by US troops in 1813 and again in 1836, endured Indian removal and the Trail of Tears, battled each other in the Civil War, and weathered the destruction of the Creek Nation in the 1890s. When they finally became American citizens in 1907, Oklahoma law defined some Graysons as white, some as black. By this time, the two sides of the family, divided by race, barely acknowledged each other.
Gary Fine
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226249520
- eISBN:
- 9780226249544
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226249544.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Science, Technology and Environment
Whether it is used as an icebreaker in conversation or as the subject of serious inquiry, “the weather” is one of the few subjects that everyone talks about. And though we recognize the faces that ...
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Whether it is used as an icebreaker in conversation or as the subject of serious inquiry, “the weather” is one of the few subjects that everyone talks about. And though we recognize the faces that bring us the weather on television, how government meteorologists and forecasters go about their jobs is rarely scrutinized. Given recent weather-related disasters, it is time we find out more. This book offers an inside look at how meteorologists and forecasters predict the weather. Based on field observation and interviews at the Storm Prediction Center in Oklahoma, the National Weather Service in Washington, D.C., and a handful of midwestern outlets, the book finds a supremely hard-working, insular clique of professionals who often refer to themselves as a “band of brothers.” In this book, we learn their lingo, how they “read” weather conditions, how forecasts are written, and, of course, how those messages are conveyed to the public. Weather forecasts, the book shows, are often shaped as much by social and cultural factors inside local offices as they are by approaching cumulus clouds. By opening up this world to us, the book offers a glimpse of a crucial profession.Less
Whether it is used as an icebreaker in conversation or as the subject of serious inquiry, “the weather” is one of the few subjects that everyone talks about. And though we recognize the faces that bring us the weather on television, how government meteorologists and forecasters go about their jobs is rarely scrutinized. Given recent weather-related disasters, it is time we find out more. This book offers an inside look at how meteorologists and forecasters predict the weather. Based on field observation and interviews at the Storm Prediction Center in Oklahoma, the National Weather Service in Washington, D.C., and a handful of midwestern outlets, the book finds a supremely hard-working, insular clique of professionals who often refer to themselves as a “band of brothers.” In this book, we learn their lingo, how they “read” weather conditions, how forecasts are written, and, of course, how those messages are conveyed to the public. Weather forecasts, the book shows, are often shaped as much by social and cultural factors inside local offices as they are by approaching cumulus clouds. By opening up this world to us, the book offers a glimpse of a crucial profession.
Claudio Saunt
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195176315
- eISBN:
- 9780199788972
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195176315.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, Social History
In the Jim Crow era, some Indians publicly identified with their Confederate heritage as a way to emphasize their affiliation with whites in Oklahoma. For purposes of segregation, the state ...
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In the Jim Crow era, some Indians publicly identified with their Confederate heritage as a way to emphasize their affiliation with whites in Oklahoma. For purposes of segregation, the state constitution defined blacks as those with any amount of African ancestry. All others, including Indians, were considered white. That definition put into the law the racial divide that had begun emerging in the Grayson family a century earlier.Less
In the Jim Crow era, some Indians publicly identified with their Confederate heritage as a way to emphasize their affiliation with whites in Oklahoma. For purposes of segregation, the state constitution defined blacks as those with any amount of African ancestry. All others, including Indians, were considered white. That definition put into the law the racial divide that had begun emerging in the Grayson family a century earlier.
Michael Suk-Young Chwe
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691162447
- eISBN:
- 9781400851331
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691162447.003.0014
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter shows that folk game theory can be found in many different places other than Jane Austen's novels and African American folktales. The Rodgers and Hammerstein musical Oklahoma!, for ...
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This chapter shows that folk game theory can be found in many different places other than Jane Austen's novels and African American folktales. The Rodgers and Hammerstein musical Oklahoma!, for example, demonstrates the strategic advantages of projecting naivety. Ali Hakim, like Brer Rabbit and Emma Woodhouse, illustrates the perils of overstrategicness. Will Parker, like Flossie's Fox and Sir Walter Elliot, reveals how overattention to social status and literal meaning indicates strategic imbecility. Laurey, like Fanny Price, highlights the importance of strategic thinking for a grown woman. Finally, Curly and Laurey, like Austen's couples, show how strategic partnership is a foundation for marriage. The chapter considers some other lessons that we can learn from Austen in terms of economics, the congruence of narrative and social theory, and the connection of human nature and human behavior to music and mathematics.Less
This chapter shows that folk game theory can be found in many different places other than Jane Austen's novels and African American folktales. The Rodgers and Hammerstein musical Oklahoma!, for example, demonstrates the strategic advantages of projecting naivety. Ali Hakim, like Brer Rabbit and Emma Woodhouse, illustrates the perils of overstrategicness. Will Parker, like Flossie's Fox and Sir Walter Elliot, reveals how overattention to social status and literal meaning indicates strategic imbecility. Laurey, like Fanny Price, highlights the importance of strategic thinking for a grown woman. Finally, Curly and Laurey, like Austen's couples, show how strategic partnership is a foundation for marriage. The chapter considers some other lessons that we can learn from Austen in terms of economics, the congruence of narrative and social theory, and the connection of human nature and human behavior to music and mathematics.
Tanis C. Thorne
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195182989
- eISBN:
- 9780199789030
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195182989.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Elderly, illiterate, and inexperienced, Jackson Barnett required the services of a guardian to protect and preserve his estate, and he and his property were quickly drawn into the system of dual ...
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Elderly, illiterate, and inexperienced, Jackson Barnett required the services of a guardian to protect and preserve his estate, and he and his property were quickly drawn into the system of dual guardianship defined by the Oklahoma Closure Act of 1908. This assumption of jurisdiction by the county courts potentially subjected the Barnett estate to the system of legalized robbery. To protect Jackson's interests, the federal government aggressively advanced the position in 1912 that Jackson was an “average” full-blood, who was adequately supervised by the Department of the Interior. This was the first, but not the last time the Indian bureau would defend Jackson's competency in order to defend the larger principle of its exclusive federal jurisdiction over restricted Indians.Less
Elderly, illiterate, and inexperienced, Jackson Barnett required the services of a guardian to protect and preserve his estate, and he and his property were quickly drawn into the system of dual guardianship defined by the Oklahoma Closure Act of 1908. This assumption of jurisdiction by the county courts potentially subjected the Barnett estate to the system of legalized robbery. To protect Jackson's interests, the federal government aggressively advanced the position in 1912 that Jackson was an “average” full-blood, who was adequately supervised by the Department of the Interior. This was the first, but not the last time the Indian bureau would defend Jackson's competency in order to defend the larger principle of its exclusive federal jurisdiction over restricted Indians.
Tanis C. Thorne
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195182989
- eISBN:
- 9780199789030
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195182989.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
By late 1922, Commissioner Charles Burke's eyes were trained on a major political crusade, to which the liberation of Jackson Barnett from his Oklahoma guardian and the supervision of the Okmulgee ...
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By late 1922, Commissioner Charles Burke's eyes were trained on a major political crusade, to which the liberation of Jackson Barnett from his Oklahoma guardian and the supervision of the Okmulgee County court was just a prelude. Burke sought a grand resolution for the “problem of riches” in Indian country. Jackson Barnett was his test case. Facilitating the Barnetts' relocation to California was an end in itself: the federal guardian's provision of the best possible security for an Indian ward. It was also a means to an end: the demonstration of the principle that the federal government's authority was superior to that of the local guardian.Less
By late 1922, Commissioner Charles Burke's eyes were trained on a major political crusade, to which the liberation of Jackson Barnett from his Oklahoma guardian and the supervision of the Okmulgee County court was just a prelude. Burke sought a grand resolution for the “problem of riches” in Indian country. Jackson Barnett was his test case. Facilitating the Barnetts' relocation to California was an end in itself: the federal guardian's provision of the best possible security for an Indian ward. It was also a means to an end: the demonstration of the principle that the federal government's authority was superior to that of the local guardian.
Jody Lyneé Madeira
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814796108
- eISBN:
- 9780814724545
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814796108.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
This chapter explores how family members and survivors of the Oklahoma City bombing dealt with the death of their loved ones by joining advocacy groups. It shows how relationships between group ...
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This chapter explores how family members and survivors of the Oklahoma City bombing dealt with the death of their loved ones by joining advocacy groups. It shows how relationships between group members helped victims to make sense of the bombing and to ascertain their own relationships to it. To better understand how group membership benefited survivors and family members, the chapter considers the profound emotional and psychological suffering that participants experienced in the bombing's aftermath. It also discusses community and memorial practices in Oklahoma City in the wake of the bombing, with particular emphasis on the work of the Oklahoma City Murrah Federal Building Memorial Task Force, the “habeas group,” and the Oklahoma City Murrah Building Survivor's Association. Finally, it analyzes the functions of groups formed in the wake of the Oklahoma City bombing, along with the narrative benefits of companionship offered by advocacy groups.Less
This chapter explores how family members and survivors of the Oklahoma City bombing dealt with the death of their loved ones by joining advocacy groups. It shows how relationships between group members helped victims to make sense of the bombing and to ascertain their own relationships to it. To better understand how group membership benefited survivors and family members, the chapter considers the profound emotional and psychological suffering that participants experienced in the bombing's aftermath. It also discusses community and memorial practices in Oklahoma City in the wake of the bombing, with particular emphasis on the work of the Oklahoma City Murrah Federal Building Memorial Task Force, the “habeas group,” and the Oklahoma City Murrah Building Survivor's Association. Finally, it analyzes the functions of groups formed in the wake of the Oklahoma City bombing, along with the narrative benefits of companionship offered by advocacy groups.
Andrew Marble
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780813178028
- eISBN:
- 9780813178035
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813178028.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, Military History
Returning to the eve of the first day of Field Artillery Officer Candidate School (FA-OCS) at Fort Sill, Oklahoma on January 1958, the chapter explains how John Shalikashvili, strategic by nature and ...
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Returning to the eve of the first day of Field Artillery Officer Candidate School (FA-OCS) at Fort Sill, Oklahoma on January 1958, the chapter explains how John Shalikashvili, strategic by nature and aware of his poor academic and civilian job performances (Bradley University and Hyster Lift Company, respectively), decides to stick it out at OCS. It also overviews the impact that Donna Bechtold’s betrayal—leaving Peoria without a word—had on him, as well as the blow struck by another woman, someone back in Germany he’d turned to courting after Bechtold left.Less
Returning to the eve of the first day of Field Artillery Officer Candidate School (FA-OCS) at Fort Sill, Oklahoma on January 1958, the chapter explains how John Shalikashvili, strategic by nature and aware of his poor academic and civilian job performances (Bradley University and Hyster Lift Company, respectively), decides to stick it out at OCS. It also overviews the impact that Donna Bechtold’s betrayal—leaving Peoria without a word—had on him, as well as the blow struck by another woman, someone back in Germany he’d turned to courting after Bechtold left.
Amanda Kay McVety
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199796915
- eISBN:
- 9780199933266
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199796915.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century, World Modern History
Point Four projects began in Ethiopia in May of 1952 and continued until the creation of USAID. Joint funds created agricultural schools, public health training centers, and a handicraft school. ...
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Point Four projects began in Ethiopia in May of 1952 and continued until the creation of USAID. Joint funds created agricultural schools, public health training centers, and a handicraft school. Additional projects addressed pest control, irrigation, and hydroelectric power. Projects generally focused on rural development, despite the Imperial Ethiopian Government’s emphasis upon industrialization. Point Four was smaller in scope and vision than Haile Selassie liked, but it was better than nothing, so he praised the assistance that he got and pushed for more. Though ostensibly dedicated to the pursuit of democracy, U.S. aid projects ended up reinforcing the imperial government’s power by helping fund its very public development efforts. The Ethiopian peoples’ frustration with the lack of political change became visible in a 1960 coup attempt.Less
Point Four projects began in Ethiopia in May of 1952 and continued until the creation of USAID. Joint funds created agricultural schools, public health training centers, and a handicraft school. Additional projects addressed pest control, irrigation, and hydroelectric power. Projects generally focused on rural development, despite the Imperial Ethiopian Government’s emphasis upon industrialization. Point Four was smaller in scope and vision than Haile Selassie liked, but it was better than nothing, so he praised the assistance that he got and pushed for more. Though ostensibly dedicated to the pursuit of democracy, U.S. aid projects ended up reinforcing the imperial government’s power by helping fund its very public development efforts. The Ethiopian peoples’ frustration with the lack of political change became visible in a 1960 coup attempt.
Samuel Justin Sinclair and Daniel Antonius
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195388114
- eISBN:
- 9780199949816
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195388114.003.0003
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
The purpose of this chapter is to present an overview of the science that has been disseminated over the past decade on the psychological impact of terrorism. Both short- and longer-term research on ...
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The purpose of this chapter is to present an overview of the science that has been disseminated over the past decade on the psychological impact of terrorism. Both short- and longer-term research on the psychiatric and medical effects of the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks is first presented, and then compared to other studies within the United States (e.g., following the Oklahoma City bombing) and internationally (e.g., in Israel, England, Spain, France, etc.). Data are presented on both the general population as well as specific sub-groups that may be vulnerable to negative outcomes (e.g., those directly exposed, children, service professionals, etc.). Overall, this research suggests that while spikes in psychopathology occur immediately following an act of terrorism, these rates decline over time and return to baseline rates 6 to 12 months following the attack. However, specific populations exhibit more chronic rates of psychopathology over time (e.g., populations directly exposed, those with prior psychiatric history, etc.).Less
The purpose of this chapter is to present an overview of the science that has been disseminated over the past decade on the psychological impact of terrorism. Both short- and longer-term research on the psychiatric and medical effects of the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks is first presented, and then compared to other studies within the United States (e.g., following the Oklahoma City bombing) and internationally (e.g., in Israel, England, Spain, France, etc.). Data are presented on both the general population as well as specific sub-groups that may be vulnerable to negative outcomes (e.g., those directly exposed, children, service professionals, etc.). Overall, this research suggests that while spikes in psychopathology occur immediately following an act of terrorism, these rates decline over time and return to baseline rates 6 to 12 months following the attack. However, specific populations exhibit more chronic rates of psychopathology over time (e.g., populations directly exposed, those with prior psychiatric history, etc.).
James Belich
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199297276
- eISBN:
- 9780191700842
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199297276.003.0016
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
Australia now had its ‘Last Best West’, and it was not the only one. Between the 1880s and the 1920s, the settler revolution boomed into the last viable frontiers of the Anglo newlands, from Western ...
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Australia now had its ‘Last Best West’, and it was not the only one. Between the 1880s and the 1920s, the settler revolution boomed into the last viable frontiers of the Anglo newlands, from Western Australia to Oklahoma, Southern California to the Yukon. It also went beyond them, in two senses: beyond the Anglo-world, to Siberia, the Argentine pampas, and elsewhere, and beyond viability, into the marginal arid lands of the Great Plains of the United States, the Canadian Prairies, and central Australia. In these late cases of explosive colonization, the boom mentality reached boiling point, and colonizing crusaders honestly believed they could transform deserts and arctic wastes into promised lands flowing with milk and honey. The staggering thing is that, sometimes, they were right.Less
Australia now had its ‘Last Best West’, and it was not the only one. Between the 1880s and the 1920s, the settler revolution boomed into the last viable frontiers of the Anglo newlands, from Western Australia to Oklahoma, Southern California to the Yukon. It also went beyond them, in two senses: beyond the Anglo-world, to Siberia, the Argentine pampas, and elsewhere, and beyond viability, into the marginal arid lands of the Great Plains of the United States, the Canadian Prairies, and central Australia. In these late cases of explosive colonization, the boom mentality reached boiling point, and colonizing crusaders honestly believed they could transform deserts and arctic wastes into promised lands flowing with milk and honey. The staggering thing is that, sometimes, they were right.
Catherine McNicol Stock
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781501714030
- eISBN:
- 9781501714047
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501714030.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This book originally appeared in the wake of the bombing of the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City on April 19, 1995. Written for a general audience, it asks where these “angry, white, rural ...
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This book originally appeared in the wake of the bombing of the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City on April 19, 1995. Written for a general audience, it asks where these “angry, white, rural men” came from and how their movements and grievances both stayed the same and changed over time. Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols acted in a long line of rural protesters on the left and the right—including the nineteenth century Populists--- who crusaded against big government, big business, and big banks. At the same time, and with little sense of contradiction, rural people also used violence to suppress the political voices of African Americans, Mormons, Chinese and many other marginalized people. In the new preface, Catherine McNicol Stock provides an update and overview of the increasingly conservative face of rural America. While populism in many historical eras meant hope and progress, for many today it means hate and a desire to turn back the clock on American history.Less
This book originally appeared in the wake of the bombing of the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City on April 19, 1995. Written for a general audience, it asks where these “angry, white, rural men” came from and how their movements and grievances both stayed the same and changed over time. Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols acted in a long line of rural protesters on the left and the right—including the nineteenth century Populists--- who crusaded against big government, big business, and big banks. At the same time, and with little sense of contradiction, rural people also used violence to suppress the political voices of African Americans, Mormons, Chinese and many other marginalized people. In the new preface, Catherine McNicol Stock provides an update and overview of the increasingly conservative face of rural America. While populism in many historical eras meant hope and progress, for many today it means hate and a desire to turn back the clock on American history.
Kendra Taira Field
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780300180527
- eISBN:
- 9780300182286
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300180527.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
Growing Up with the Country documents the migration of freedom’s first generation out of the South and into the West after the Civil War. A narrative history, the book traces three of the author’s ...
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Growing Up with the Country documents the migration of freedom’s first generation out of the South and into the West after the Civil War. A narrative history, the book traces three of the author’s ancestors and their successive migrations in the half-century after emancipation. Between 1865 and 1915, tens of thousands of former slaves sought freedom through a series of experiments in land ownership, town building, and emigration that spanned the Mississippi delta, Arkansas, Kansas, Indian Territory, Texas, West Africa, western Canada, Mexico, and beyond. Deepening and widening the roots of the Great Migration, the book argues that their lives and choices complicate notions of the quintessential domesticity and “biracialism” of the nadir, revealing instead the deeply transnational and multiracial dimensions of freedom’s first generation. The book shows that Indian Territory and early Oklahoma served as one of the first sites of African-American transnational movement in the postemancipation period, decentering the United States in North American history even at the turn of the “American century.” It illustrates the gradual emergence of American “biracialism” and the painstaking construction of race and nation that undergirded the rise of American economic, political, and cultural power at the turn of the twentieth century. Finally, the book reveals that historical erasure of this multiracial, multinational past depended upon the manipulation of family and kinship.Less
Growing Up with the Country documents the migration of freedom’s first generation out of the South and into the West after the Civil War. A narrative history, the book traces three of the author’s ancestors and their successive migrations in the half-century after emancipation. Between 1865 and 1915, tens of thousands of former slaves sought freedom through a series of experiments in land ownership, town building, and emigration that spanned the Mississippi delta, Arkansas, Kansas, Indian Territory, Texas, West Africa, western Canada, Mexico, and beyond. Deepening and widening the roots of the Great Migration, the book argues that their lives and choices complicate notions of the quintessential domesticity and “biracialism” of the nadir, revealing instead the deeply transnational and multiracial dimensions of freedom’s first generation. The book shows that Indian Territory and early Oklahoma served as one of the first sites of African-American transnational movement in the postemancipation period, decentering the United States in North American history even at the turn of the “American century.” It illustrates the gradual emergence of American “biracialism” and the painstaking construction of race and nation that undergirded the rise of American economic, political, and cultural power at the turn of the twentieth century. Finally, the book reveals that historical erasure of this multiracial, multinational past depended upon the manipulation of family and kinship.
Danny M. Adkison and Lisa McNair Palmer
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780197514818
- eISBN:
- 9780197514849
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780197514818.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
In 1907, William Jennings Bryan described the proposed constitution for Oklahoma as “the best constitution in the United States today.” An enduring characteristic of Oklahoma’s constitution has been ...
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In 1907, William Jennings Bryan described the proposed constitution for Oklahoma as “the best constitution in the United States today.” An enduring characteristic of Oklahoma’s constitution has been its faith in direct democracy and its root in Progressive Era politics. This book traces the historical formation and constitutional development of the state of Oklahoma. It provides commentary and analysis on the intent, politics, social and economic pressures, and the legal decisions that shaped and enhanced the Oklahoma constitution since it was adopted in 1907. The text gives a broad understanding of state constitutional law within the context of Oklahoma’s constitutional evolution.Less
In 1907, William Jennings Bryan described the proposed constitution for Oklahoma as “the best constitution in the United States today.” An enduring characteristic of Oklahoma’s constitution has been its faith in direct democracy and its root in Progressive Era politics. This book traces the historical formation and constitutional development of the state of Oklahoma. It provides commentary and analysis on the intent, politics, social and economic pressures, and the legal decisions that shaped and enhanced the Oklahoma constitution since it was adopted in 1907. The text gives a broad understanding of state constitutional law within the context of Oklahoma’s constitutional evolution.
Julie Macfarlane
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199753918
- eISBN:
- 9780199949588
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199753918.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
This chapter opens with a discussion of the 2010 Oklahoma Referendum which vividly demonstrates public fears and misapprehensions about “shari’a law.” One such misapprehension is the belief ...
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This chapter opens with a discussion of the 2010 Oklahoma Referendum which vividly demonstrates public fears and misapprehensions about “shari’a law.” One such misapprehension is the belief (unsupported by evidence) that North American Muslims wish to establish shari’a as an alternate legal system. In contrast, this study suggests that Muslims understand their recourse to traditional processes such as Islamic marriage and divorce as an aspect of their private lives. The courts do not recognize Islamic marriage and divorce, refusing (in most cases) to enforce a promise by a husband to pay mahr contained in an Islamic marriage contract. At the same time, the courts (under the principle of “comity”) may recognize an Islamic marriage or divorce carried out in a Muslim country, even when it appears to be a sham to avoid obligations due in North America. There is clear evidence that North American Muslims use the courts in divorce matters (see chapter seven). Respondents saw no dissonance between their identity as Muslims and their citizen’s right to bring contentious matters to the courts. A very small number resisted either paying or receiving money under a court order because they felt this compromised their beliefs. Many more complained that the courts did not understand or respect Muslims.Less
This chapter opens with a discussion of the 2010 Oklahoma Referendum which vividly demonstrates public fears and misapprehensions about “shari’a law.” One such misapprehension is the belief (unsupported by evidence) that North American Muslims wish to establish shari’a as an alternate legal system. In contrast, this study suggests that Muslims understand their recourse to traditional processes such as Islamic marriage and divorce as an aspect of their private lives. The courts do not recognize Islamic marriage and divorce, refusing (in most cases) to enforce a promise by a husband to pay mahr contained in an Islamic marriage contract. At the same time, the courts (under the principle of “comity”) may recognize an Islamic marriage or divorce carried out in a Muslim country, even when it appears to be a sham to avoid obligations due in North America. There is clear evidence that North American Muslims use the courts in divorce matters (see chapter seven). Respondents saw no dissonance between their identity as Muslims and their citizen’s right to bring contentious matters to the courts. A very small number resisted either paying or receiving money under a court order because they felt this compromised their beliefs. Many more complained that the courts did not understand or respect Muslims.
Jenny Tone-Pah-Hote
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781469643663
- eISBN:
- 9781469643687
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469643663.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
In this in-depth interdisciplinary study, Jenny Tone-Pah-Hote reveals how Kiowa people drew on the tribe's rich history of expressive culture to assert its identity at a time of profound challenge. ...
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In this in-depth interdisciplinary study, Jenny Tone-Pah-Hote reveals how Kiowa people drew on the tribe's rich history of expressive culture to assert its identity at a time of profound challenge. Examining traditional forms such as beadwork, metalwork, painting, and dance, Tone-Pah-Hote argues that their creation and exchange were as significant to the expression of Indigenous identity and sovereignty as formal political engagement and policymaking. These cultural forms, she argues, were sites of contestation as well as affirmation, as Kiowa people used them to confront external pressures, express national identity, and wrestle with changing gender roles and representations.
Combatting a tendency to view Indigenous cultural production primarily in terms of resistance to settler-colonialism, Tone-Pah-Hote expands existing work on Kiowa culture by focusing on acts of creation and material objects that mattered as much for the nation's internal and familial relationships as for relations with those outside the tribe. In the end, she finds that during a time of political struggle and cultural dislocation at the turn of the twentieth century, the community's performative and expressive acts had much to do with the persistence, survival, and adaptation of the Kiowa nation.Less
In this in-depth interdisciplinary study, Jenny Tone-Pah-Hote reveals how Kiowa people drew on the tribe's rich history of expressive culture to assert its identity at a time of profound challenge. Examining traditional forms such as beadwork, metalwork, painting, and dance, Tone-Pah-Hote argues that their creation and exchange were as significant to the expression of Indigenous identity and sovereignty as formal political engagement and policymaking. These cultural forms, she argues, were sites of contestation as well as affirmation, as Kiowa people used them to confront external pressures, express national identity, and wrestle with changing gender roles and representations.
Combatting a tendency to view Indigenous cultural production primarily in terms of resistance to settler-colonialism, Tone-Pah-Hote expands existing work on Kiowa culture by focusing on acts of creation and material objects that mattered as much for the nation's internal and familial relationships as for relations with those outside the tribe. In the end, she finds that during a time of political struggle and cultural dislocation at the turn of the twentieth century, the community's performative and expressive acts had much to do with the persistence, survival, and adaptation of the Kiowa nation.
