Elizabeth Matisoo-Smith
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195300307
- eISBN:
- 9780199790142
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195300307.003.0010
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
This chapter presents a complementary genetic approach to population relationships across the Pacific, utilizing information from animals closely affiliated with humans. It describes how the analyses ...
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This chapter presents a complementary genetic approach to population relationships across the Pacific, utilizing information from animals closely affiliated with humans. It describes how the analyses of genetic variation in commensals (the Pacific rat, pig, dog, and chicken) are being used as a proxy for understanding prehistoric human mobility and contacts. In particular, mitochondrial DNA studies of the Pacific rat, Rattus exulans, are providing intriguing insight into the relationships and level of interactions among Near and Remote Oceanic human populations. These are also providing valuable data on the timing and degree of population interactions in the region. The basic conclusion of this work is that there has been considerably more continued interaction between populations in different areas of the Pacific than many suspected before, and this includes interactions between Near and Remote Oceania.Less
This chapter presents a complementary genetic approach to population relationships across the Pacific, utilizing information from animals closely affiliated with humans. It describes how the analyses of genetic variation in commensals (the Pacific rat, pig, dog, and chicken) are being used as a proxy for understanding prehistoric human mobility and contacts. In particular, mitochondrial DNA studies of the Pacific rat, Rattus exulans, are providing intriguing insight into the relationships and level of interactions among Near and Remote Oceanic human populations. These are also providing valuable data on the timing and degree of population interactions in the region. The basic conclusion of this work is that there has been considerably more continued interaction between populations in different areas of the Pacific than many suspected before, and this includes interactions between Near and Remote Oceania.
Jonathan S. Friedlaender (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195300307
- eISBN:
- 9780199790142
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195300307.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
The broad arc of islands north of Australia, extending from Indonesia east towards the central Pacific, is home to a set of human populations whose diversity is unsurpassed elsewhere. Approximately ...
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The broad arc of islands north of Australia, extending from Indonesia east towards the central Pacific, is home to a set of human populations whose diversity is unsurpassed elsewhere. Approximately 20% of the world's languages are spoken here, and the biological and genetic heterogeneity among the groups is also extraordinary. This book describes the origins of the genetic and linguistic variation there. It lays out the very complex structure of the variation within and among the islands in this relatively small but important region. This book applies genetic analyses to an intensively sampled set of populations, and subjects these and complementary linguistic data to a variety of phylogenetic analyses. This reveals a number of heretofore unknown ancient Pleistocene genetic variants that are only found in these island populations, and identifies the genetic footprints of more recent migrants from Southeast Asia who were the ancestors of the Polynesians. Finally, a number of explanatory models are tested to see which best account for the observed pattern of genetic variation. The results indicate that a number of commonly used models of evolutionary divergence and biogeography are overly simple in their assumptions, and that human diversity often has accumulated in very complex ways.Less
The broad arc of islands north of Australia, extending from Indonesia east towards the central Pacific, is home to a set of human populations whose diversity is unsurpassed elsewhere. Approximately 20% of the world's languages are spoken here, and the biological and genetic heterogeneity among the groups is also extraordinary. This book describes the origins of the genetic and linguistic variation there. It lays out the very complex structure of the variation within and among the islands in this relatively small but important region. This book applies genetic analyses to an intensively sampled set of populations, and subjects these and complementary linguistic data to a variety of phylogenetic analyses. This reveals a number of heretofore unknown ancient Pleistocene genetic variants that are only found in these island populations, and identifies the genetic footprints of more recent migrants from Southeast Asia who were the ancestors of the Polynesians. Finally, a number of explanatory models are tested to see which best account for the observed pattern of genetic variation. The results indicate that a number of commonly used models of evolutionary divergence and biogeography are overly simple in their assumptions, and that human diversity often has accumulated in very complex ways.
Robin Allaby
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195300307
- eISBN:
- 9780199790142
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195300307.003.0012
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
This chapter reviews the developing evidence from archaeobotany (including the molecular evidence) on the history of plant exploitation in Near Oceania. The old notion that most domesticated crops ...
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This chapter reviews the developing evidence from archaeobotany (including the molecular evidence) on the history of plant exploitation in Near Oceania. The old notion that most domesticated crops were imported from Southeast Asia is not borne out by the botanical evidence. Rather, many of the principal crops of Near Oceania appear to have been domesticated locally, and over a time period that predates the arrival of the Proto-Oceanic/Lapita cultures. This evidence represents another corollary to the dynamic nature of population development in the region, with a sophistication attributed to earlier peoples of the region previously unacknowledged under the old paradigm of a two-wave colonization of Oceania.Less
This chapter reviews the developing evidence from archaeobotany (including the molecular evidence) on the history of plant exploitation in Near Oceania. The old notion that most domesticated crops were imported from Southeast Asia is not borne out by the botanical evidence. Rather, many of the principal crops of Near Oceania appear to have been domesticated locally, and over a time period that predates the arrival of the Proto-Oceanic/Lapita cultures. This evidence represents another corollary to the dynamic nature of population development in the region, with a sophistication attributed to earlier peoples of the region previously unacknowledged under the old paradigm of a two-wave colonization of Oceania.
Laura B. Scheinfeldt, Françoise R. Friedlaender, Jonathan S. Friedlaender, Krista Latham, George Koki, Tatiana Karafet, Michael Hammer, and Joseph Lorenz
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195300307
- eISBN:
- 9780199790142
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195300307.003.0005
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
This chapter reports the paternally inherited Y chromosome variation, following the same format as for the mitochondrial DNA. Using an expanded battery of regionally informative markers, this chapter ...
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This chapter reports the paternally inherited Y chromosome variation, following the same format as for the mitochondrial DNA. Using an expanded battery of regionally informative markers, this chapter greatly expands the known Y chromosome variation in the Southwest Pacific, and shows that the paternally inherited variation in the region is generally comparable to the maternally inherited mtDNA pattern of variation — contrary to hypotheses that had been put forward in the last decade. Again, there is a constellation of variants that seems to have arisen tens of thousands of years ago within Near Oceania and specifically in Northern Island Melanesia. There is an identifiable footprint of recent Island Southeast Asian influence in the NRY data, but it is much fainter than in the mtDNA “Polynesian Motif”.Less
This chapter reports the paternally inherited Y chromosome variation, following the same format as for the mitochondrial DNA. Using an expanded battery of regionally informative markers, this chapter greatly expands the known Y chromosome variation in the Southwest Pacific, and shows that the paternally inherited variation in the region is generally comparable to the maternally inherited mtDNA pattern of variation — contrary to hypotheses that had been put forward in the last decade. Again, there is a constellation of variants that seems to have arisen tens of thousands of years ago within Near Oceania and specifically in Northern Island Melanesia. There is an identifiable footprint of recent Island Southeast Asian influence in the NRY data, but it is much fainter than in the mtDNA “Polynesian Motif”.
Richard Bedford
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- August 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199269006
- eISBN:
- 9780191601309
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199269009.003.0013
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic Systems
At the turn of the millennium, new geographies and histories are being written for the thousands of atolls, reef islands, volcanic cones and continental islands that comprise the region termed ...
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At the turn of the millennium, new geographies and histories are being written for the thousands of atolls, reef islands, volcanic cones and continental islands that comprise the region termed Oceania. In terms of motives for and patterns of spatial mobility of the inhabitants of this “sea of islands”, the largest cities of Australia and New Zealand, as well as Los Angeles and Vancouver on the west coast of North America, must also be included in Oceania's contemporary international migration system. This chapter explores four approaches that emphasize the salience of international migration for development in this region: demographic and resource imperatives for migration; remittance flows and dependency/interdependency structures in the region; Pacific identities and socio‐cultural dimensions of contemporary mobility; and the effects of structural adjustment programs and globalization on transformations of Oceanic societies. The emphasis on multiple identities and multi‐local populations in recent studies of international migration in Oceania traverse ideas and concepts that have been around for a long time in research on population movement in the region. A synthesis of ideas about international migration, identity, and development in Oceania assists researchers to navigate the intellectual turmoil that has surrounded discourses about modernity and postmodernity – discourses that challenge us to keep our critical geographical imagination creatively open to redefinition of old ideas, and expansion into new directions of scholarship.Less
At the turn of the millennium, new geographies and histories are being written for the thousands of atolls, reef islands, volcanic cones and continental islands that comprise the region termed Oceania. In terms of motives for and patterns of spatial mobility of the inhabitants of this “sea of islands”, the largest cities of Australia and New Zealand, as well as Los Angeles and Vancouver on the west coast of North America, must also be included in Oceania's contemporary international migration system. This chapter explores four approaches that emphasize the salience of international migration for development in this region: demographic and resource imperatives for migration; remittance flows and dependency/interdependency structures in the region; Pacific identities and socio‐cultural dimensions of contemporary mobility; and the effects of structural adjustment programs and globalization on transformations of Oceanic societies. The emphasis on multiple identities and multi‐local populations in recent studies of international migration in Oceania traverse ideas and concepts that have been around for a long time in research on population movement in the region. A synthesis of ideas about international migration, identity, and development in Oceania assists researchers to navigate the intellectual turmoil that has surrounded discourses about modernity and postmodernity – discourses that challenge us to keep our critical geographical imagination creatively open to redefinition of old ideas, and expansion into new directions of scholarship.
BERNARDO BORTOLOTTI DOMENICO SINISCALCO
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199249343
- eISBN:
- 9780191600845
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199249342.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
This chapter provides a description of privatization processes in the main areas of the world. Particularly, the main aspects analyzed are the following: the extent of privatization, measured by the ...
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This chapter provides a description of privatization processes in the main areas of the world. Particularly, the main aspects analyzed are the following: the extent of privatization, measured by the number of transactions and their revenues; the time frames; the choice of privatization methods (public offering or direct placement); the main sectors involved; the stake sold; the opening of capital to foreigners; and the existence of golden share mechanisms (that is the special rights retained by governments after privatization). Finally, within each area, the most interesting national experiences are highlighted.Less
This chapter provides a description of privatization processes in the main areas of the world. Particularly, the main aspects analyzed are the following: the extent of privatization, measured by the number of transactions and their revenues; the time frames; the choice of privatization methods (public offering or direct placement); the main sectors involved; the stake sold; the opening of capital to foreigners; and the existence of golden share mechanisms (that is the special rights retained by governments after privatization). Finally, within each area, the most interesting national experiences are highlighted.
MATT K. MATSUDA
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195162950
- eISBN:
- 9780199867660
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195162950.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This introductory chapter examines the unique ways the French empire in the Pacific developed historically in the 19th century. It proposes three basic arguments. First, that the French Oceanic ...
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This introductory chapter examines the unique ways the French empire in the Pacific developed historically in the 19th century. It proposes three basic arguments. First, that the French Oceanic empire was not thought of as a bounded territory, but rather as a web or grid of strategic locations called “points d'appui,” and that this allowed an “empire” to develop even where there were no actual colonies. Second, that the French Pacific empire depended upon an idea of romance, often contrasted with British “indirect rule” which became manifested in strong sentiments of “love of country” imposed upon and negotiated by local peoples. Third, that connected cases can be drawn to illustrate a “French Pacific” from histories that are often studied separately, for example Asia (Japan, Indochina), Polynesia (Tahiti), Melanesia (New Caledonia), Central America (Panama), Europe (France).Less
This introductory chapter examines the unique ways the French empire in the Pacific developed historically in the 19th century. It proposes three basic arguments. First, that the French Oceanic empire was not thought of as a bounded territory, but rather as a web or grid of strategic locations called “points d'appui,” and that this allowed an “empire” to develop even where there were no actual colonies. Second, that the French Pacific empire depended upon an idea of romance, often contrasted with British “indirect rule” which became manifested in strong sentiments of “love of country” imposed upon and negotiated by local peoples. Third, that connected cases can be drawn to illustrate a “French Pacific” from histories that are often studied separately, for example Asia (Japan, Indochina), Polynesia (Tahiti), Melanesia (New Caledonia), Central America (Panama), Europe (France).
MATT K. MATSUDA
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195162950
- eISBN:
- 9780199867660
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195162950.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter studies love and empire in the Pacific islands of Wallis and Futuna through the killing and martyrdom of Pierre Chanel, a man who will become the first Marist Catholic saint of Oceania. ...
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This chapter studies love and empire in the Pacific islands of Wallis and Futuna through the killing and martyrdom of Pierre Chanel, a man who will become the first Marist Catholic saint of Oceania. It follows Chanel's early encounters and confrontations with the local Futunan chiefs like Niuliki, his involvement in their politics, and his eventual murder. The story then develops through an examination of the ways that the Marist fathers “create” Chanel as a saint through the employment of spiritual love and Christian compassion. What follows clarifies island politics and provides the basis for what will ultimately be regarded as a Catholic theocracy in the South Seas.Less
This chapter studies love and empire in the Pacific islands of Wallis and Futuna through the killing and martyrdom of Pierre Chanel, a man who will become the first Marist Catholic saint of Oceania. It follows Chanel's early encounters and confrontations with the local Futunan chiefs like Niuliki, his involvement in their politics, and his eventual murder. The story then develops through an examination of the ways that the Marist fathers “create” Chanel as a saint through the employment of spiritual love and Christian compassion. What follows clarifies island politics and provides the basis for what will ultimately be regarded as a Catholic theocracy in the South Seas.
MATT K. MATSUDA
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195162950
- eISBN:
- 9780199867660
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195162950.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter summarizes the book's arguments and main lines of debate. It sketches out the debates on the nature of political, economic, civic, and sentimental life east and west in Asia, Oceania, ...
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This chapter summarizes the book's arguments and main lines of debate. It sketches out the debates on the nature of political, economic, civic, and sentimental life east and west in Asia, Oceania, and Europe, and the possibilities of love in island kingdoms, chiefdoms, and in modern states as they mutually struggle to define what is common to all: conflicting engagements with love and emotion for and against empire in the Pacific.Less
This chapter summarizes the book's arguments and main lines of debate. It sketches out the debates on the nature of political, economic, civic, and sentimental life east and west in Asia, Oceania, and Europe, and the possibilities of love in island kingdoms, chiefdoms, and in modern states as they mutually struggle to define what is common to all: conflicting engagements with love and emotion for and against empire in the Pacific.
Elfriede Hermann (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824833664
- eISBN:
- 9780824870355
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824833664.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This book sheds new light on processes of cultural transformation at work in Oceania and analyzes them as products of interrelationships between culturally created meanings and specific contexts. It ...
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This book sheds new light on processes of cultural transformation at work in Oceania and analyzes them as products of interrelationships between culturally created meanings and specific contexts. It examines these interrelationships for insight into how cultural traditions are shaped on an ongoing basis. Following a critique of how tradition has been viewed in terms of dichotomies like authenticity vs. inauthenticity, the book takes a novel perspective in which tradition figures as context-bound articulation. This makes it possible to view cultural traditions as resulting from interactions between people and the ambient contexts. Such interactions are analyzed from the past down to the Oceanian present—with indigenous agency being highlighted. The work focuses first on early encounters, initially between Pacific Islanders themselves and later with the European navigators of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, to clarify how meaningful actions and contexts interrelated in the past. The present-day memories of Pacific Islanders are examined to ask how such memories represent encounters that occurred long ago and how they influenced the social, political, economic, and religious changes that ensued. Next, the book addresses ongoing social and structural interactions that social actors enlist to shape their traditions within the context of globalization and then the repercussions that these intersections and intercultural exchanges of discourses and practices are having on active identity formation as practiced by Pacific Islanders.Less
This book sheds new light on processes of cultural transformation at work in Oceania and analyzes them as products of interrelationships between culturally created meanings and specific contexts. It examines these interrelationships for insight into how cultural traditions are shaped on an ongoing basis. Following a critique of how tradition has been viewed in terms of dichotomies like authenticity vs. inauthenticity, the book takes a novel perspective in which tradition figures as context-bound articulation. This makes it possible to view cultural traditions as resulting from interactions between people and the ambient contexts. Such interactions are analyzed from the past down to the Oceanian present—with indigenous agency being highlighted. The work focuses first on early encounters, initially between Pacific Islanders themselves and later with the European navigators of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, to clarify how meaningful actions and contexts interrelated in the past. The present-day memories of Pacific Islanders are examined to ask how such memories represent encounters that occurred long ago and how they influenced the social, political, economic, and religious changes that ensued. Next, the book addresses ongoing social and structural interactions that social actors enlist to shape their traditions within the context of globalization and then the repercussions that these intersections and intercultural exchanges of discourses and practices are having on active identity formation as practiced by Pacific Islanders.
Jeffrey Carroll, Brandy Nalani McDougall, and Georganne Nordstrom (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824838959
- eISBN:
- 9780824869496
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824838959.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Pacific Studies
This book is the first to navigate the interconnections between the rhetorics and aesthetics of the Pacific. Like the bright and multifaceted constellation for which it is named, the book showcases a ...
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This book is the first to navigate the interconnections between the rhetorics and aesthetics of the Pacific. Like the bright and multifaceted constellation for which it is named, the book showcases a variety of genres and cross-genre forms that explore a wide range of subjects, from Disney’s Aulani Resort to the Bishop Museum, from tiki souvenirs to the Dusky Maiden stereotype, from military recruitment to colonial silencing, from healing lands to healing words and music, from decolonization to sovereignty. The chapters go beyond conceiving of Pacific rhetorics and aesthetics as being always and only in response to a colonizing West and/or East. Instead, they emphasize the importance of situating their work within indigenous intellectual, political, and cultural traditions and innovations of the Pacific. Taken together, the chapters thread ancestral and contemporary discursive strategies, question colonial and oppressive representations, and seek to articulate an empowering decolonized future for all of Oceania.Less
This book is the first to navigate the interconnections between the rhetorics and aesthetics of the Pacific. Like the bright and multifaceted constellation for which it is named, the book showcases a variety of genres and cross-genre forms that explore a wide range of subjects, from Disney’s Aulani Resort to the Bishop Museum, from tiki souvenirs to the Dusky Maiden stereotype, from military recruitment to colonial silencing, from healing lands to healing words and music, from decolonization to sovereignty. The chapters go beyond conceiving of Pacific rhetorics and aesthetics as being always and only in response to a colonizing West and/or East. Instead, they emphasize the importance of situating their work within indigenous intellectual, political, and cultural traditions and innovations of the Pacific. Taken together, the chapters thread ancestral and contemporary discursive strategies, question colonial and oppressive representations, and seek to articulate an empowering decolonized future for all of Oceania.
Morgan Brigg and Roland Bleiker (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824834593
- eISBN:
- 9780824871697
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824834593.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This book is based on a fundamental premise: to deal adequately with conflict — and particularly with conflict stemming from cultural and other differences — requires genuine openness to different ...
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This book is based on a fundamental premise: to deal adequately with conflict — and particularly with conflict stemming from cultural and other differences — requires genuine openness to different cultural practices and dialogue between different ways of knowing and being. Equally essential is a shift away from understanding cultural difference as an inevitable source of conflict, and the development of a more critical attitude toward previously under-examined Western assumptions about conflict and its resolution. To address the ensuing challenges, this book introduces and explores some of the rich insights into conflict resolution emanating from Asia and Oceania. Although often overlooked, these local traditions offer a range of useful ways of thinking about and dealing with difference and conflict in a globalising world. To bring these traditions into exchange with mainstream Western conflict resolution, the book present the results of collaborative work between experienced scholars and culturally knowledgeable practitioners from numerous parts of Asia and Oceania. The result is a series of interventions that challenge conventional Western notions of conflict resolution and provide academics, policy makers, diplomats, mediators, and local conflict workers with new possibilities to approach, prevent, and resolve conflict.Less
This book is based on a fundamental premise: to deal adequately with conflict — and particularly with conflict stemming from cultural and other differences — requires genuine openness to different cultural practices and dialogue between different ways of knowing and being. Equally essential is a shift away from understanding cultural difference as an inevitable source of conflict, and the development of a more critical attitude toward previously under-examined Western assumptions about conflict and its resolution. To address the ensuing challenges, this book introduces and explores some of the rich insights into conflict resolution emanating from Asia and Oceania. Although often overlooked, these local traditions offer a range of useful ways of thinking about and dealing with difference and conflict in a globalising world. To bring these traditions into exchange with mainstream Western conflict resolution, the book present the results of collaborative work between experienced scholars and culturally knowledgeable practitioners from numerous parts of Asia and Oceania. The result is a series of interventions that challenge conventional Western notions of conflict resolution and provide academics, policy makers, diplomats, mediators, and local conflict workers with new possibilities to approach, prevent, and resolve conflict.
Jennifer Fuller
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781474413848
- eISBN:
- 9781474422093
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474413848.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
The discovery of the Pacific islands amplified the qualities of mystery and exoticism already associated with “foreign” islands. Their “savage” peoples, their isolation, and their sheer beauty ...
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The discovery of the Pacific islands amplified the qualities of mystery and exoticism already associated with “foreign” islands. Their “savage” peoples, their isolation, and their sheer beauty fascinated British visitors. This monograph examines British depictions of the smaller islands of the Pacific across the long nineteenth century and argues that while the British originally believed the islands to be commercial paradises or perfect sites for missionary endeavours, as the century progressed their optimistic vision transformed to portray darker realities. The books argues that these islands act as a “breaking point” for British theories of imperialism, colonialism, and identity, and traces in these narratives changing British attitudes towards imperial settlement as the early view of “island as paradise” eventually gives way to a fear of the hostile islanders. This revelation undermined a key tenet of British imperialism in the Pacific – that they were the “superior” or “civilized” islanders.Less
The discovery of the Pacific islands amplified the qualities of mystery and exoticism already associated with “foreign” islands. Their “savage” peoples, their isolation, and their sheer beauty fascinated British visitors. This monograph examines British depictions of the smaller islands of the Pacific across the long nineteenth century and argues that while the British originally believed the islands to be commercial paradises or perfect sites for missionary endeavours, as the century progressed their optimistic vision transformed to portray darker realities. The books argues that these islands act as a “breaking point” for British theories of imperialism, colonialism, and identity, and traces in these narratives changing British attitudes towards imperial settlement as the early view of “island as paradise” eventually gives way to a fear of the hostile islanders. This revelation undermined a key tenet of British imperialism in the Pacific – that they were the “superior” or “civilized” islanders.
Bronwen Douglas
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205661
- eISBN:
- 9780191676741
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205661.003.0024
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter links contemporary British Imperial and colonial texts, produced in and about Oceania, to histories of British activities in the Pacific generally and in Britain’s Pacific Empire, ...
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This chapter links contemporary British Imperial and colonial texts, produced in and about Oceania, to histories of British activities in the Pacific generally and in Britain’s Pacific Empire, including its offshoots from Australia and New Zealand, in particular. Contemporaneous, academic, and influential popular histories are also considered, across O. H. K. Spate’s ‘two distinct…genera’: ‘Oceanic’ and ‘Insular’. The chapter then argues genealogically, tracing intellectual and political transitions and resemblances, without implying inevitable progression from one generation of historians to ‘successors’. It only traces the contours of the plethora of contemporary Imperial and colonial texts. The Pacific Islands were always insignificant in official British imperialism. ‘Imperial history’ denotes a common focus on the policies, interests, activities, and rivalries of Europeans. It is stated that the British in the Pacific Islands once a dominant historiographic interest, is now passé.Less
This chapter links contemporary British Imperial and colonial texts, produced in and about Oceania, to histories of British activities in the Pacific generally and in Britain’s Pacific Empire, including its offshoots from Australia and New Zealand, in particular. Contemporaneous, academic, and influential popular histories are also considered, across O. H. K. Spate’s ‘two distinct…genera’: ‘Oceanic’ and ‘Insular’. The chapter then argues genealogically, tracing intellectual and political transitions and resemblances, without implying inevitable progression from one generation of historians to ‘successors’. It only traces the contours of the plethora of contemporary Imperial and colonial texts. The Pacific Islands were always insignificant in official British imperialism. ‘Imperial history’ denotes a common focus on the policies, interests, activities, and rivalries of Europeans. It is stated that the British in the Pacific Islands once a dominant historiographic interest, is now passé.
Paul Landau
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199253487
- eISBN:
- 9780191698156
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199253487.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter examines the effects of the evangelical concern for Christian missions for language, translation, and literacy. It analyses the Yorubaland in Nigeria and Kikuyuland in Kenya to ...
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This chapter examines the effects of the evangelical concern for Christian missions for language, translation, and literacy. It analyses the Yorubaland in Nigeria and Kikuyuland in Kenya to demonstrate how colonized people used Christian-inflected languages in their nationalist projects. It also explores relevant conditions in Oceania and suggests that comparative impulse in Christian missionaries' scholarship could enfeeble subject peoples. And in multi-confessional and urbanized Bengal in India, the literate elites played off one another in competing translational projects.Less
This chapter examines the effects of the evangelical concern for Christian missions for language, translation, and literacy. It analyses the Yorubaland in Nigeria and Kikuyuland in Kenya to demonstrate how colonized people used Christian-inflected languages in their nationalist projects. It also explores relevant conditions in Oceania and suggests that comparative impulse in Christian missionaries' scholarship could enfeeble subject peoples. And in multi-confessional and urbanized Bengal in India, the literate elites played off one another in competing translational projects.
Diana Looser
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824839765
- eISBN:
- 9780824869564
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824839765.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Pacific Studies
Remaking Pacific Pasts offers the first full-length comparative study of recent drama and theatre in Oceania. It opens with a general introduction to the field of Pacific Islands theatre produced ...
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Remaking Pacific Pasts offers the first full-length comparative study of recent drama and theatre in Oceania. It opens with a general introduction to the field of Pacific Islands theatre produced since the late 1960s, covering key works from Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu, Fiji, Aotearoa/New Zealand, Samoa, Niue, the Cook Islands, Hawai‘i, Guam, New Caledonia, and Tahiti. The following sections explore selected plays from Hawai‘i, Aotearoa/New Zealand, New Caledonia, and Fiji that critically engage aspects of colonial and postcolonial Pacific histories. The book draws together discussions in theatre and performance studies, historiography, and Pacific studies to examine how Pacific playwrights have used the medium of theatrical performance to interrogate and revise repressive or marginalizing models of historical understanding developed through Western colonialism or exclusionary indigenous nationalisms, and to address crucial issues of identity, genealogy, representation, political parity, and social unity. This major study emphasizes the contribution of artistic production to social and political life in the contemporary Pacific, showing how local play production has worked to facilitate processes of creative nation building and the construction of modern regional imaginaries. The book closes with an appendix that catalogs over 200 Pacific Islands plays mentioned in the volume.Less
Remaking Pacific Pasts offers the first full-length comparative study of recent drama and theatre in Oceania. It opens with a general introduction to the field of Pacific Islands theatre produced since the late 1960s, covering key works from Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu, Fiji, Aotearoa/New Zealand, Samoa, Niue, the Cook Islands, Hawai‘i, Guam, New Caledonia, and Tahiti. The following sections explore selected plays from Hawai‘i, Aotearoa/New Zealand, New Caledonia, and Fiji that critically engage aspects of colonial and postcolonial Pacific histories. The book draws together discussions in theatre and performance studies, historiography, and Pacific studies to examine how Pacific playwrights have used the medium of theatrical performance to interrogate and revise repressive or marginalizing models of historical understanding developed through Western colonialism or exclusionary indigenous nationalisms, and to address crucial issues of identity, genealogy, representation, political parity, and social unity. This major study emphasizes the contribution of artistic production to social and political life in the contemporary Pacific, showing how local play production has worked to facilitate processes of creative nation building and the construction of modern regional imaginaries. The book closes with an appendix that catalogs over 200 Pacific Islands plays mentioned in the volume.
Mac Marshall
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824836856
- eISBN:
- 9780824871123
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824836856.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Pacific Studies
Tobacco kills five million people every year and that number is expected to double by the year 2020. This book combines a search of historical materials on the introduction and spread of tobacco in ...
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Tobacco kills five million people every year and that number is expected to double by the year 2020. This book combines a search of historical materials on the introduction and spread of tobacco in the Pacific with extensive anthropological accounts of the ways Islanders have incorporated this substance into their lives. The book uses a relatively new concept called a syndemic to focus on the health of a community, political and economic structures, and the wider physical and social environment and ultimately provide an in-depth analysis of smoking's negative health impact in Oceania. In the book, the idea of a syndemic is applied to the current health crisis in the Pacific, where the number of deaths from coronary heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease continues to rise, and the case is made that smoking tobacco in the form of industrially manufactured cigarettes is the keystone of the contemporary syndemic in Oceania. The book shows how tobacco consumption has become the central interstitial element of a syndemic that produces most of the morbidity and mortality Pacific Islanders suffer. This syndemic is made up of a bundle of diseases and conditions, a set of historical circumstances and events, and social and health inequities most easily summed up as “poverty.” The book calls this the tobacco syndemic and argues that smoking is the crucial behavior—the “glue”—holding all of these diseases and conditions together.Less
Tobacco kills five million people every year and that number is expected to double by the year 2020. This book combines a search of historical materials on the introduction and spread of tobacco in the Pacific with extensive anthropological accounts of the ways Islanders have incorporated this substance into their lives. The book uses a relatively new concept called a syndemic to focus on the health of a community, political and economic structures, and the wider physical and social environment and ultimately provide an in-depth analysis of smoking's negative health impact in Oceania. In the book, the idea of a syndemic is applied to the current health crisis in the Pacific, where the number of deaths from coronary heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease continues to rise, and the case is made that smoking tobacco in the form of industrially manufactured cigarettes is the keystone of the contemporary syndemic in Oceania. The book shows how tobacco consumption has become the central interstitial element of a syndemic that produces most of the morbidity and mortality Pacific Islanders suffer. This syndemic is made up of a bundle of diseases and conditions, a set of historical circumstances and events, and social and health inequities most easily summed up as “poverty.” The book calls this the tobacco syndemic and argues that smoking is the crucial behavior—the “glue”—holding all of these diseases and conditions together.
Elise Berman
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- March 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190876975
- eISBN:
- 9780190877019
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190876975.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
Presented as a series of captivating stories from a village in Oceania, Talking Like Children is an intimate analysis of interaction that shows how age comes to be. Children in the Marshall Islands ...
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Presented as a series of captivating stories from a village in Oceania, Talking Like Children is an intimate analysis of interaction that shows how age comes to be. Children in the Marshall Islands do many things that adults do not: they walk around half naked, display food in public, and explicitly refuse to give. Although many see these behaviors as natural results of children’s immaturity, the author shows that children are socialized to be different from adults—to be rude and immature. She analyzes a variety of interactions all broadly based around exchange: adoption negotiations, efforts to ask for or avoid giving food, debates about supposed child abuse. In these dramas both large and small, age differences emerge through the decisions people make, the emotions they feel, and the asymmetries they produce. Age and the life course often appear less interesting, less important, or more biologically determined than gender, race, or class. But Berman shows that, like gender and race, age differences are culturally produced and socially influential. Age differences give Marshallese children and adults “aged agency,” or the ability to manipulate social life in distinct but complementary ways. These differences are also a central mechanism of language socialization. Talking Like Children reestablishes age as a foundational concern of anthropological and linguistic research and as a variable that transforms our views of socialization, cultural reproduction, agency, giving, and culture.Less
Presented as a series of captivating stories from a village in Oceania, Talking Like Children is an intimate analysis of interaction that shows how age comes to be. Children in the Marshall Islands do many things that adults do not: they walk around half naked, display food in public, and explicitly refuse to give. Although many see these behaviors as natural results of children’s immaturity, the author shows that children are socialized to be different from adults—to be rude and immature. She analyzes a variety of interactions all broadly based around exchange: adoption negotiations, efforts to ask for or avoid giving food, debates about supposed child abuse. In these dramas both large and small, age differences emerge through the decisions people make, the emotions they feel, and the asymmetries they produce. Age and the life course often appear less interesting, less important, or more biologically determined than gender, race, or class. But Berman shows that, like gender and race, age differences are culturally produced and socially influential. Age differences give Marshallese children and adults “aged agency,” or the ability to manipulate social life in distinct but complementary ways. These differences are also a central mechanism of language socialization. Talking Like Children reestablishes age as a foundational concern of anthropological and linguistic research and as a variable that transforms our views of socialization, cultural reproduction, agency, giving, and culture.
Annette Weiner
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520076037
- eISBN:
- 9780520911802
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520076037.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Asian Cultural Anthropology
This book tests anthropology's traditional assumptions about kinship, economics, power, and gender in an exciting challenge to accepted theories of reciprocity and marriage exchange. Focusing on ...
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This book tests anthropology's traditional assumptions about kinship, economics, power, and gender in an exciting challenge to accepted theories of reciprocity and marriage exchange. Focusing on Oceania societies from Polynesia to Papua New Guinea and including Australian Aborigine groups, it investigates the category of possessions that must not be given, or, if they are circulated, must return finally to the giver. Reciprocity, the book says, is only the superficial aspect of exchange, which overlays much more politically powerful strategies of “keeping-while-giving.” The idea of keeping-while-giving places women at the heart of the political process, however much that process may vary in different societies, for women possess a wealth of their own that gives them power. Power is intimately involved in cultural reproduction, and the book describes the location of power in each society, showing how the degree of control over the production and distribution of cloth wealth coincides with women's rank and the development of hierarchy in the community. Other inalienable possessions, whether material objects, landed property, ancestral myths, or sacred knowledge, bestow social identity and rank as well. Calling attention to their presence in Western history, the book points out that its formulations are not limited to Oceania. The paradox of keeping-while-giving is a concept certain to influence future developments in ethnography and the theoretical study of gender and exchange.Less
This book tests anthropology's traditional assumptions about kinship, economics, power, and gender in an exciting challenge to accepted theories of reciprocity and marriage exchange. Focusing on Oceania societies from Polynesia to Papua New Guinea and including Australian Aborigine groups, it investigates the category of possessions that must not be given, or, if they are circulated, must return finally to the giver. Reciprocity, the book says, is only the superficial aspect of exchange, which overlays much more politically powerful strategies of “keeping-while-giving.” The idea of keeping-while-giving places women at the heart of the political process, however much that process may vary in different societies, for women possess a wealth of their own that gives them power. Power is intimately involved in cultural reproduction, and the book describes the location of power in each society, showing how the degree of control over the production and distribution of cloth wealth coincides with women's rank and the development of hierarchy in the community. Other inalienable possessions, whether material objects, landed property, ancestral myths, or sacred knowledge, bestow social identity and rank as well. Calling attention to their presence in Western history, the book points out that its formulations are not limited to Oceania. The paradox of keeping-while-giving is a concept certain to influence future developments in ethnography and the theoretical study of gender and exchange.
Michael M. Laskier and Yaacov Lev
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780813037516
- eISBN:
- 9780813042107
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813037516.003.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
This chapter analyzes the evolution of Jewish–Muslim relations in the modern and contemporary periods, the main literature in the field, and the components of the divergent roads taken by Jews and ...
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This chapter analyzes the evolution of Jewish–Muslim relations in the modern and contemporary periods, the main literature in the field, and the components of the divergent roads taken by Jews and Muslims, which reflect the differences and tensions that dominate their relationship. The authors go beyond an emphasis on ties within the Arabo-Muslim world and the effect of the Arab–Israeli conflict to discuss the cohabitation of Muslim and Jewish groups in the new geographies of the European Union, Australia, and Central Asia. In addition to announcing the socioeconomic, political, and cultural context in which the book's essays are located, the chapter summarizes the contributing scholars' theoretical/methodological approaches and briefly presents the essays that comprise each of the fifteen chapters.Less
This chapter analyzes the evolution of Jewish–Muslim relations in the modern and contemporary periods, the main literature in the field, and the components of the divergent roads taken by Jews and Muslims, which reflect the differences and tensions that dominate their relationship. The authors go beyond an emphasis on ties within the Arabo-Muslim world and the effect of the Arab–Israeli conflict to discuss the cohabitation of Muslim and Jewish groups in the new geographies of the European Union, Australia, and Central Asia. In addition to announcing the socioeconomic, political, and cultural context in which the book's essays are located, the chapter summarizes the contributing scholars' theoretical/methodological approaches and briefly presents the essays that comprise each of the fifteen chapters.
