Christine E. Hallett
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781784992521
- eISBN:
- 9781526104342
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781784992521.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
The First World War was the first ‘total war’. Its industrial weaponry damaged millions of men, and drove whole armies underground into dangerously unhealthy trenches. Many were killed. Others ...
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The First World War was the first ‘total war’. Its industrial weaponry damaged millions of men, and drove whole armies underground into dangerously unhealthy trenches. Many were killed. Others suffered from massive, life-threatening injuries; wound infections such as gas gangrene and tetanus; exposure to extremes of temperature; emotional trauma; and systemic disease. Tens of thousands of women volunteered to serve as nurses to alleviate their suffering. Some were fully-trained professionals; others had minimal preparation, and served as volunteer-nurses. Their motivations were a combination of compassion, patriotism, professional pride and a desire for engagement in the ‘great enterprise’ of war. The war led to an outpouring of war-memoirs, produced mostly by soldier-writers whose works came to be seen as a ‘literary canon’ of war-writing. But nurses had offered immediate and long-term care, life-saving expertise, and comfort to the war’s wounded, and their experiences had given them a perspective on industrial warfare which was unique. Until recently, their contributions, both to the saving of lives and to our understanding of warfare have remained largely hidden from view. ‘Nurse Writers of the Great War’ examines these nurses’ memoirs and explores the insights they offer into the nature of nursing and the impact of warfare. The book combines close biographical research with textual analysis, in order to offer an understanding of both nurses’ wartime experiences and the ways in which their lives and backgrounds contributed to the style and content of their writing.Less
The First World War was the first ‘total war’. Its industrial weaponry damaged millions of men, and drove whole armies underground into dangerously unhealthy trenches. Many were killed. Others suffered from massive, life-threatening injuries; wound infections such as gas gangrene and tetanus; exposure to extremes of temperature; emotional trauma; and systemic disease. Tens of thousands of women volunteered to serve as nurses to alleviate their suffering. Some were fully-trained professionals; others had minimal preparation, and served as volunteer-nurses. Their motivations were a combination of compassion, patriotism, professional pride and a desire for engagement in the ‘great enterprise’ of war. The war led to an outpouring of war-memoirs, produced mostly by soldier-writers whose works came to be seen as a ‘literary canon’ of war-writing. But nurses had offered immediate and long-term care, life-saving expertise, and comfort to the war’s wounded, and their experiences had given them a perspective on industrial warfare which was unique. Until recently, their contributions, both to the saving of lives and to our understanding of warfare have remained largely hidden from view. ‘Nurse Writers of the Great War’ examines these nurses’ memoirs and explores the insights they offer into the nature of nursing and the impact of warfare. The book combines close biographical research with textual analysis, in order to offer an understanding of both nurses’ wartime experiences and the ways in which their lives and backgrounds contributed to the style and content of their writing.
Helen Sweet and Sue Hawkins (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719099700
- eISBN:
- 9781526104397
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719099700.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Colonial Caring covers over a century of colonial nursing by nurses from a wide range of countries including: Denmark, Britain, USA, Holland and Italy; with the colonised countries including South ...
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Colonial Caring covers over a century of colonial nursing by nurses from a wide range of countries including: Denmark, Britain, USA, Holland and Italy; with the colonised countries including South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Ethiopia, Nigeria, India, Indonesia (Dutch East Indies) and the Danish West Indies. It presents unique perspectives from which to interrogate colonialism and post-colonialism including aspects of race, cultural difference and implications of warfare and politics upon nursing. Viewing nursing’s development under colonial and post-colonial rule reveals different faces of a profession that superficially may appear to be consistent and coherent, yet in reality is constantly reinventing itself. Considering such areas as transnational relationships, class, gender, race and politics, this book aims to present current work in progress within the field, to better understand the complex entanglements in nursing’s development as it was imagined and practised in local imperial, colonial and post-colonial contexts. Taking a chronologically-based structure, early chapters examine nursing in situations of conflict in the post-Crimean period from the Indian Rebellion to the Anglo-Boer War. Recruitment, professionalisation of nursing and of military nursing in particular, are therefore considered before moving deeper into the twentieth century reflecting upon later periods of colonialism in which religion and humanitarianism become more central. Drawing from a wide range of sources from official documents to diaries, memoirs and oral sources, and using a variety of methodologies including qualitative and quantitative approaches, the book represents ground-breaking work.Less
Colonial Caring covers over a century of colonial nursing by nurses from a wide range of countries including: Denmark, Britain, USA, Holland and Italy; with the colonised countries including South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Ethiopia, Nigeria, India, Indonesia (Dutch East Indies) and the Danish West Indies. It presents unique perspectives from which to interrogate colonialism and post-colonialism including aspects of race, cultural difference and implications of warfare and politics upon nursing. Viewing nursing’s development under colonial and post-colonial rule reveals different faces of a profession that superficially may appear to be consistent and coherent, yet in reality is constantly reinventing itself. Considering such areas as transnational relationships, class, gender, race and politics, this book aims to present current work in progress within the field, to better understand the complex entanglements in nursing’s development as it was imagined and practised in local imperial, colonial and post-colonial contexts. Taking a chronologically-based structure, early chapters examine nursing in situations of conflict in the post-Crimean period from the Indian Rebellion to the Anglo-Boer War. Recruitment, professionalisation of nursing and of military nursing in particular, are therefore considered before moving deeper into the twentieth century reflecting upon later periods of colonialism in which religion and humanitarianism become more central. Drawing from a wide range of sources from official documents to diaries, memoirs and oral sources, and using a variety of methodologies including qualitative and quantitative approaches, the book represents ground-breaking work.
Jane Brooks
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781526119063
- eISBN:
- 9781526138811
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526119063.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Negotiating nursing explores how the Queen Alexandra's Imperial Military Nursing Service (Q.A.s) salvaged men within the sensitive gender negotiations of what should and could constitute nursing work ...
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Negotiating nursing explores how the Queen Alexandra's Imperial Military Nursing Service (Q.A.s) salvaged men within the sensitive gender negotiations of what should and could constitute nursing work and where that work could occur. The book argues that the Q.A.s, an entirely female force during the Second World War, were essential to recovering men physically, emotionally and spiritually from the battlefield and for the war, despite concerns about their presence on the frontline. The book maps the developments in nurses’ work as the Q.A.s created a legitimate space for themselves in war zones and established nurses’ position as the expert at the bedside. Using a range of personal testimony the book demonstrates how the exigencies of war demanded nurses alter the methods of nursing practice and the professional boundaries in which they had traditionally worked, in order to care for their soldier-patients in the challenging environments of a war zone. Although they may have transformed practice, their position in war was highly gendered and it was gender in the post-war era that prevented their considerable skills from being transferred to the new welfare state, as the women of Britain were returned to the home and hearth. The aftermath of war may therefore have augured professional disappointment for some nursing sisters, yet their contribution to nursing knowledge and practice was, and remains, significant.Less
Negotiating nursing explores how the Queen Alexandra's Imperial Military Nursing Service (Q.A.s) salvaged men within the sensitive gender negotiations of what should and could constitute nursing work and where that work could occur. The book argues that the Q.A.s, an entirely female force during the Second World War, were essential to recovering men physically, emotionally and spiritually from the battlefield and for the war, despite concerns about their presence on the frontline. The book maps the developments in nurses’ work as the Q.A.s created a legitimate space for themselves in war zones and established nurses’ position as the expert at the bedside. Using a range of personal testimony the book demonstrates how the exigencies of war demanded nurses alter the methods of nursing practice and the professional boundaries in which they had traditionally worked, in order to care for their soldier-patients in the challenging environments of a war zone. Although they may have transformed practice, their position in war was highly gendered and it was gender in the post-war era that prevented their considerable skills from being transferred to the new welfare state, as the women of Britain were returned to the home and hearth. The aftermath of war may therefore have augured professional disappointment for some nursing sisters, yet their contribution to nursing knowledge and practice was, and remains, significant.
Shaun T. O’Keeffe
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719099465
- eISBN:
- 9781526104410
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719099465.003.0009
- Subject:
- Sociology, Culture
This chapter discusses the troubling legal and ethical issues raised by admissions to nursing homes. Current practice and the existing legal framework for involuntary admissions are discussed and it ...
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This chapter discusses the troubling legal and ethical issues raised by admissions to nursing homes. Current practice and the existing legal framework for involuntary admissions are discussed and it is argued that there is a need for safeguards in relation to such admissions in Ireland as these constitute a deprivation of liberty. The chapter also deals with how decisions are made by families and healthcare professionals in relation to possible involuntary nursing home admission. This includes consideration of how a functional assessment of capacity in such cases should be approached and the arguments for and against involuntary admission in the person’s ‘best interests.’Less
This chapter discusses the troubling legal and ethical issues raised by admissions to nursing homes. Current practice and the existing legal framework for involuntary admissions are discussed and it is argued that there is a need for safeguards in relation to such admissions in Ireland as these constitute a deprivation of liberty. The chapter also deals with how decisions are made by families and healthcare professionals in relation to possible involuntary nursing home admission. This includes consideration of how a functional assessment of capacity in such cases should be approached and the arguments for and against involuntary admission in the person’s ‘best interests.’
Michael Wright, David Clark, and Jennifer Hunt
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199206803
- eISBN:
- 9780191730474
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199206803.003.0017
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making, Palliative Medicine Research
The Kingdom of Swaziland (population 1, 069, 000) is a small landlocked country in Southern Africa covering an area of 17, 364 km2 between South Africa and Mozambique. Four NGOs provide six ...
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The Kingdom of Swaziland (population 1, 069, 000) is a small landlocked country in Southern Africa covering an area of 17, 364 km2 between South Africa and Mozambique. Four NGOs provide six hospice-palliative care services in Swaziland: Hope House; Swaziland Hospice at Home; Parish Nursing; and the Salvation Army. In addition, several community-based church organizations provide supportive care to terminally ill patients. All the hospice services are charities and rely heavily on donations for their income. Yet, funds come from a variety of sources. At a meeting of palliative care providers held in June 2003, a commitment was made to form a national palliative care association. The palliative care coverage and the palliative care workforce capacity of these services are reviewed. The chapter then outlines the history and development of hospice-palliative care in Swaziland.Less
The Kingdom of Swaziland (population 1, 069, 000) is a small landlocked country in Southern Africa covering an area of 17, 364 km2 between South Africa and Mozambique. Four NGOs provide six hospice-palliative care services in Swaziland: Hope House; Swaziland Hospice at Home; Parish Nursing; and the Salvation Army. In addition, several community-based church organizations provide supportive care to terminally ill patients. All the hospice services are charities and rely heavily on donations for their income. Yet, funds come from a variety of sources. At a meeting of palliative care providers held in June 2003, a commitment was made to form a national palliative care association. The palliative care coverage and the palliative care workforce capacity of these services are reviewed. The chapter then outlines the history and development of hospice-palliative care in Swaziland.
Cicely Saunders
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198570530
- eISBN:
- 9780191730412
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198570530.003.0014
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Palliative Medicine Research
In 1965, a paper by Cicely Saunders in the American Journal of Nursing attracted considerable interest and correspondence with the author and gave further impetus to her growing reputation on both ...
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In 1965, a paper by Cicely Saunders in the American Journal of Nursing attracted considerable interest and correspondence with the author and gave further impetus to her growing reputation on both sides of the Atlantic. Here, she argued that the last stages of life should not be seen as defeat, but rather as life's fulfillment. Describing the work at St Joseph's as ‘the endless fascination of watching each individual come to terms with his own illness in his own way and come along his own path to life's ending’, the paper sets out the broad principles of the approach. There are numerous short case illustrations and the paper focuses particularly on the nursing aspects of care, especially the taxing responsibility of telling or not telling, concluding with a description of three patients who had died recently at St Joseph's Hospice.Less
In 1965, a paper by Cicely Saunders in the American Journal of Nursing attracted considerable interest and correspondence with the author and gave further impetus to her growing reputation on both sides of the Atlantic. Here, she argued that the last stages of life should not be seen as defeat, but rather as life's fulfillment. Describing the work at St Joseph's as ‘the endless fascination of watching each individual come to terms with his own illness in his own way and come along his own path to life's ending’, the paper sets out the broad principles of the approach. There are numerous short case illustrations and the paper focuses particularly on the nursing aspects of care, especially the taxing responsibility of telling or not telling, concluding with a description of three patients who had died recently at St Joseph's Hospice.
Cicely Saunders
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198570530
- eISBN:
- 9780191730412
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198570530.003.0021
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Palliative Medicine Research
1976 saw the republication and updating of the series of articles that had originally appeared in Nursing Times in 1959. Rather than concentrate on assertion and counter-assertion, the article ...
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1976 saw the republication and updating of the series of articles that had originally appeared in Nursing Times in 1959. Rather than concentrate on assertion and counter-assertion, the article focuses on the argument that people are suffering when they need not. It is noted that there have been many therapeutic advances in the seventeen years since the articles were written, and some add to the problems — particularly when no clear rationale for continuing treatment exists. It introduces the notion of ‘living wills’, ‘furore therapeutics’, and ‘meddlesome medicine’. Much more thought and consultation is required on the question of euthanasia and in particular two additional questions need to be answered: ‘Do patients ask for euthanasia’? and ‘What would they do and feel if mercy killing became a legal option’?Less
1976 saw the republication and updating of the series of articles that had originally appeared in Nursing Times in 1959. Rather than concentrate on assertion and counter-assertion, the article focuses on the argument that people are suffering when they need not. It is noted that there have been many therapeutic advances in the seventeen years since the articles were written, and some add to the problems — particularly when no clear rationale for continuing treatment exists. It introduces the notion of ‘living wills’, ‘furore therapeutics’, and ‘meddlesome medicine’. Much more thought and consultation is required on the question of euthanasia and in particular two additional questions need to be answered: ‘Do patients ask for euthanasia’? and ‘What would they do and feel if mercy killing became a legal option’?
Helen Sweet and Sue Hawkins
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719099700
- eISBN:
- 9781526104397
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719099700.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
The introduction provides an overview of the book’s focus, structure and remit, outlining commonalities as well as differences between the experiences of colonial nurses discussed in the book. ...
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The introduction provides an overview of the book’s focus, structure and remit, outlining commonalities as well as differences between the experiences of colonial nurses discussed in the book. Drawing from their experience in researching and writing gender and racial social histories and in colonial and post-colonial nursing history respectively, the editors tease out emerging themes placing them within a clear chronological and historiographical framework. They examine how this field has developed in the history of medicine and identify questions which current research still leaves unanswered, but for which nursing’s history is uniquely placed. The chapters in this book reveal the presence (or absence) of underlying racial and cultural tensions between nurses and their patients, nurses and professional colleagues or their indigenous counterparts; and the editors question whether past histories have not been grossly oversimplified by projecting images of imperial collaboration/cooperation onto all forms of colonial nursing, by all countries, across a long timespan. We evaluate the difficulties of discussing and analysing the impact of colonial nursing from the indigenous population’s viewpoint to present balanced analyses, and explore different experiences of colonial/post-colonial nursing over more than a century whilst considering the impact of peacetime or conflict on nurses and nursing.Less
The introduction provides an overview of the book’s focus, structure and remit, outlining commonalities as well as differences between the experiences of colonial nurses discussed in the book. Drawing from their experience in researching and writing gender and racial social histories and in colonial and post-colonial nursing history respectively, the editors tease out emerging themes placing them within a clear chronological and historiographical framework. They examine how this field has developed in the history of medicine and identify questions which current research still leaves unanswered, but for which nursing’s history is uniquely placed. The chapters in this book reveal the presence (or absence) of underlying racial and cultural tensions between nurses and their patients, nurses and professional colleagues or their indigenous counterparts; and the editors question whether past histories have not been grossly oversimplified by projecting images of imperial collaboration/cooperation onto all forms of colonial nursing, by all countries, across a long timespan. We evaluate the difficulties of discussing and analysing the impact of colonial nursing from the indigenous population’s viewpoint to present balanced analyses, and explore different experiences of colonial/post-colonial nursing over more than a century whilst considering the impact of peacetime or conflict on nurses and nursing.
Charlotte Dale
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719099700
- eISBN:
- 9781526104397
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719099700.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
At the commencement of the Second Anglo-Boer War the small cohort of nurses available for service in South Africa were insufficient to meet the demands inherent with the exigencies of modern warfare ...
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At the commencement of the Second Anglo-Boer War the small cohort of nurses available for service in South Africa were insufficient to meet the demands inherent with the exigencies of modern warfare and ever-increasing numbers of sick and wounded. Around 1,400 civilian nurses from across the Empire served in varying capacities during the South African campaign, yet there was no defined overall control of those lay women and trained nurses who offered their services. From 1891 Nurse Registration in the Cape had been established in law, yet there was no demarcation over the role and responsibilities of British nurses serving in South Africa. Concerns were raised that some nurses were motivated for wartime service owing to a search for adventure in the colonies. Yet there were a number of motivators, including those of a humanitarian nature, combined with a patriotic sense of duty. This chapter will examine how accusations that nurses were ‘frivolling’ in South Africa, raised concerns over control and organization of nurses in future military campaigns and had an impact on discussions over levels of authority female nurses might be allowed in the new Queen Alexandra’s Imperial Military Nursing Service, established at the close of war in 1902.Less
At the commencement of the Second Anglo-Boer War the small cohort of nurses available for service in South Africa were insufficient to meet the demands inherent with the exigencies of modern warfare and ever-increasing numbers of sick and wounded. Around 1,400 civilian nurses from across the Empire served in varying capacities during the South African campaign, yet there was no defined overall control of those lay women and trained nurses who offered their services. From 1891 Nurse Registration in the Cape had been established in law, yet there was no demarcation over the role and responsibilities of British nurses serving in South Africa. Concerns were raised that some nurses were motivated for wartime service owing to a search for adventure in the colonies. Yet there were a number of motivators, including those of a humanitarian nature, combined with a patriotic sense of duty. This chapter will examine how accusations that nurses were ‘frivolling’ in South Africa, raised concerns over control and organization of nurses in future military campaigns and had an impact on discussions over levels of authority female nurses might be allowed in the new Queen Alexandra’s Imperial Military Nursing Service, established at the close of war in 1902.
Liesbeth Hesselink
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719099700
- eISBN:
- 9781526104397
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719099700.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
From 1900 Dutch nurses arrived in the East Indies, but their numbers were wholly insufficient to meet the colony’s increased demand for competent nursing staff. Therefore European physicians started ...
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From 1900 Dutch nurses arrived in the East Indies, but their numbers were wholly insufficient to meet the colony’s increased demand for competent nursing staff. Therefore European physicians started training native women as nurses. Initial endeavours were disappointing with problems closely connected to the position young women occupied in native society. Young women from poor families were uneducated, whilst those from middle and upper classes often considered it culturally improper to live outside their parents’ home at marriageable age. The poor reputation of governmental hospitals made them only appropriate as work places for lower-class women and women with dubious reputations. European nurses taught and supervised nursing and provided role models. After qualifying, nurses could spend a further two years studying midwifery which combined hospital and community experience. The nurses and midwives were deployed as intermediaries to spread the ideology of western care among the native population, who nevertheless continued to have an aversion to western medicine. The (student) midwives were distrusted because of their youth and unmarried status. Native women variously rejected or embraced such advice or accommodated it selectively. In the main they remained loyal to the indigenous healers, the dukun bayi.Less
From 1900 Dutch nurses arrived in the East Indies, but their numbers were wholly insufficient to meet the colony’s increased demand for competent nursing staff. Therefore European physicians started training native women as nurses. Initial endeavours were disappointing with problems closely connected to the position young women occupied in native society. Young women from poor families were uneducated, whilst those from middle and upper classes often considered it culturally improper to live outside their parents’ home at marriageable age. The poor reputation of governmental hospitals made them only appropriate as work places for lower-class women and women with dubious reputations. European nurses taught and supervised nursing and provided role models. After qualifying, nurses could spend a further two years studying midwifery which combined hospital and community experience. The nurses and midwives were deployed as intermediaries to spread the ideology of western care among the native population, who nevertheless continued to have an aversion to western medicine. The (student) midwives were distrusted because of their youth and unmarried status. Native women variously rejected or embraced such advice or accommodated it selectively. In the main they remained loyal to the indigenous healers, the dukun bayi.
Anna La Torre, Giancarlo Celeri Bellotti, and Cecilia Sironi
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719099700
- eISBN:
- 9781526104397
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719099700.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
The Ethiopian war (also known as the ‘Abyssinian War’) refers to the war waged by Italy during Mussolini's regime against the Empire of Ethiopia in 1935. It led to the proclamation of the AOI ...
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The Ethiopian war (also known as the ‘Abyssinian War’) refers to the war waged by Italy during Mussolini's regime against the Empire of Ethiopia in 1935. It led to the proclamation of the AOI (Italian Oriental Africa) in 1936. Through analysis of primary and secondary sources the chapter explores how the Italian Army health care service was organised during the war, and the status of nursing in the Italian Army. From original reports, it was discovered that the male military nurse corps provided the majority of nursing care on the battlefield, in hospitals and clinics and in ambulances and radiological laboratories. Only 384 female Italian Red Cross volunteers participated in the war. They were called “Lady” nurses or Sisters because they belonged to the Italian nobility and to the upper class. These female nurses were joined by 200 missionary nuns of different religious orders. At the end of 1941, during the Second World War, the British Army freed Ethiopia. With reference to the data examined, the outcomes show that, in spite of what the official reports said, the real protagonists of nursing were male nurses.Less
The Ethiopian war (also known as the ‘Abyssinian War’) refers to the war waged by Italy during Mussolini's regime against the Empire of Ethiopia in 1935. It led to the proclamation of the AOI (Italian Oriental Africa) in 1936. Through analysis of primary and secondary sources the chapter explores how the Italian Army health care service was organised during the war, and the status of nursing in the Italian Army. From original reports, it was discovered that the male military nurse corps provided the majority of nursing care on the battlefield, in hospitals and clinics and in ambulances and radiological laboratories. Only 384 female Italian Red Cross volunteers participated in the war. They were called “Lady” nurses or Sisters because they belonged to the Italian nobility and to the upper class. These female nurses were joined by 200 missionary nuns of different religious orders. At the end of 1941, during the Second World War, the British Army freed Ethiopia. With reference to the data examined, the outcomes show that, in spite of what the official reports said, the real protagonists of nursing were male nurses.
Christine E. Hallett
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781784992521
- eISBN:
- 9781526104342
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781784992521.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Professional British nurse, Kate Luard, and highly-trained US nurse, Alice Fitzgerald, both served with the Queen Alexandra’s Imperial Military Nursing Service during the First World War. Both wrote ...
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Professional British nurse, Kate Luard, and highly-trained US nurse, Alice Fitzgerald, both served with the Queen Alexandra’s Imperial Military Nursing Service during the First World War. Both wrote powerful memoirs of their experiences. Their very different perspectives combine to offer an overview of the British military nursing services on the Western Front, which captures both a sense of their dedication to military nursing and the nature of the trauma they witnessed – and experienced themselves.Less
Professional British nurse, Kate Luard, and highly-trained US nurse, Alice Fitzgerald, both served with the Queen Alexandra’s Imperial Military Nursing Service during the First World War. Both wrote powerful memoirs of their experiences. Their very different perspectives combine to offer an overview of the British military nursing services on the Western Front, which captures both a sense of their dedication to military nursing and the nature of the trauma they witnessed – and experienced themselves.
Christine E. Hallett
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781784992521
- eISBN:
- 9781526104342
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781784992521.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Some of the writings of soldier-memoirists have been likened to epic romances, because they describe the way in which the so-called ‘hero’ faces ordeal and achieves ‘apotheosis’, or personal ...
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Some of the writings of soldier-memoirists have been likened to epic romances, because they describe the way in which the so-called ‘hero’ faces ordeal and achieves ‘apotheosis’, or personal transformation. Some nurses’ writings adopt a similar style. The romance trope was particularly powerful for writers on the Eastern Front. The memoirs of Florence Farmborough and Mary Britnieva reveal their authors’ attachment to the idea that nurses were transformed by the ‘ordeal’ of their experience.Less
Some of the writings of soldier-memoirists have been likened to epic romances, because they describe the way in which the so-called ‘hero’ faces ordeal and achieves ‘apotheosis’, or personal transformation. Some nurses’ writings adopt a similar style. The romance trope was particularly powerful for writers on the Eastern Front. The memoirs of Florence Farmborough and Mary Britnieva reveal their authors’ attachment to the idea that nurses were transformed by the ‘ordeal’ of their experience.
Sujani K. Reddy
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469625072
- eISBN:
- 9781469625096
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469625072.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, World Early Modern History
This chapter opens with the controversies following publication of U.S. journalist Katherine Mayo's Mother India. While Mayo's reincarnation of the colonial "woman question" ultimately backfired in ...
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This chapter opens with the controversies following publication of U.S. journalist Katherine Mayo's Mother India. While Mayo's reincarnation of the colonial "woman question" ultimately backfired in the face of mounting Indian anti-colonial mobilization, her less noted connections with the Rockefeller Foundation and its version of public health and medicine survived. Chapter four shows how the Indian nationalist elite took on scientific medicine as part of their path to progress, and at the same time instituted themselves at the lead of "sanitizing" India's oppressed castes and classes. This combined with the influence of Rockefeller funded professional nursing to create a space for the emergence of Indian nursing leadership. The chapter details the establishment of baccalaureate nursing in Delhi and at Vellore, and the critical role that foundation fellowships and its international network played in maintaining the ties between professionalization, migration and empire after Indian independence/partition.Less
This chapter opens with the controversies following publication of U.S. journalist Katherine Mayo's Mother India. While Mayo's reincarnation of the colonial "woman question" ultimately backfired in the face of mounting Indian anti-colonial mobilization, her less noted connections with the Rockefeller Foundation and its version of public health and medicine survived. Chapter four shows how the Indian nationalist elite took on scientific medicine as part of their path to progress, and at the same time instituted themselves at the lead of "sanitizing" India's oppressed castes and classes. This combined with the influence of Rockefeller funded professional nursing to create a space for the emergence of Indian nursing leadership. The chapter details the establishment of baccalaureate nursing in Delhi and at Vellore, and the critical role that foundation fellowships and its international network played in maintaining the ties between professionalization, migration and empire after Indian independence/partition.
Lindsay A. H. Parker
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199931026
- eISBN:
- 9780199345700
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199931026.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History, World Modern History
Chapter 2 addresses the question of preparedness for the Revolution. Marc-Antoine was a devoted reader of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and friend of abbé Mably. Rosalie wrote more frequently about La ...
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Chapter 2 addresses the question of preparedness for the Revolution. Marc-Antoine was a devoted reader of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and friend of abbé Mably. Rosalie wrote more frequently about La Fontaine and Samuel Richardson; she was also devout in her Catholic practices. Rosalie shared the common middle-class concern over the corrupting quality of wealth. She regretted her family’s subordinate social position as members of the Third Estate. This chapter argues that Rosalie and Marc-Antoine were potentially well prepared to become revolutionaries.Less
Chapter 2 addresses the question of preparedness for the Revolution. Marc-Antoine was a devoted reader of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and friend of abbé Mably. Rosalie wrote more frequently about La Fontaine and Samuel Richardson; she was also devout in her Catholic practices. Rosalie shared the common middle-class concern over the corrupting quality of wealth. She regretted her family’s subordinate social position as members of the Third Estate. This chapter argues that Rosalie and Marc-Antoine were potentially well prepared to become revolutionaries.
Shawn Michelle Smith
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816648221
- eISBN:
- 9781452945958
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816648221.003.0008
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter explores visual representations of public health nurses who belonged to the National Organization for Public Health Nursing (NOPHN) in the 1930s, with particular emphasis on how the work ...
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This chapter explores visual representations of public health nurses who belonged to the National Organization for Public Health Nursing (NOPHN) in the 1930s, with particular emphasis on how the work of these women was quite literally “envisioned.” It first considers the NOPHN’s interest in visual culture and education during the period before discussing how new nursing uniforms worked symbolically to signal the nurse’s modernity. It then examines two of the most often-reproduced iconic images of public health nurses—the visiting nurse arriving at someone’s home, and the nurse within the home tending to a newborn—and suggests that these oft-repeated scenes depicted the public health nurse as a link, or mediator, between public and private institutions. Thus, the public health nurse emerged as a new kind of modern, mobile, independent young woman charged with securing the health of the nation.Less
This chapter explores visual representations of public health nurses who belonged to the National Organization for Public Health Nursing (NOPHN) in the 1930s, with particular emphasis on how the work of these women was quite literally “envisioned.” It first considers the NOPHN’s interest in visual culture and education during the period before discussing how new nursing uniforms worked symbolically to signal the nurse’s modernity. It then examines two of the most often-reproduced iconic images of public health nurses—the visiting nurse arriving at someone’s home, and the nurse within the home tending to a newborn—and suggests that these oft-repeated scenes depicted the public health nurse as a link, or mediator, between public and private institutions. Thus, the public health nurse emerged as a new kind of modern, mobile, independent young woman charged with securing the health of the nation.
Rachel Adcock, Sara Read, and Anna Ziomek
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780719090233
- eISBN:
- 9781781707166
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719090233.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature
This chapter comprises an introduction to Elizabeth Clinton, Countess of Lincoln (c.1574-c.1630) and seventeenth-century attitudes to breastfeeding, and the edited text of The Countesse of Lincolnes ...
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This chapter comprises an introduction to Elizabeth Clinton, Countess of Lincoln (c.1574-c.1630) and seventeenth-century attitudes to breastfeeding, and the edited text of The Countesse of Lincolnes Nurserie (1622). In the early seventeenth century, it was fashionable for aristocratic families to employ a wet-nurse to breastfeed their children rather than for mothers to do this themselves, but there was a consensus among medical treatises that it was better for a child to be nursed by its own mother. Clinton expresses regret at not nursing her own babies and uses this text as a form of atonement, teaching younger women as the Bible instructs older women to do. She uses other examples from the Bible in order to support maternal nursing, and dedicates the work to her daughter-in-law, Bridget, Countess of Lincoln, who apparently nursed her own baby.Less
This chapter comprises an introduction to Elizabeth Clinton, Countess of Lincoln (c.1574-c.1630) and seventeenth-century attitudes to breastfeeding, and the edited text of The Countesse of Lincolnes Nurserie (1622). In the early seventeenth century, it was fashionable for aristocratic families to employ a wet-nurse to breastfeed their children rather than for mothers to do this themselves, but there was a consensus among medical treatises that it was better for a child to be nursed by its own mother. Clinton expresses regret at not nursing her own babies and uses this text as a form of atonement, teaching younger women as the Bible instructs older women to do. She uses other examples from the Bible in order to support maternal nursing, and dedicates the work to her daughter-in-law, Bridget, Countess of Lincoln, who apparently nursed her own baby.
Suzanne Hetzel Campbell, Philip Greiner, Sheila Grossman, Alison kris, Laurence Miners, and Joyce Shea
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780823254309
- eISBN:
- 9780823260874
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823254309.003.0011
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter presents aspects of addressing the whole student as he or she proceeds through the four year nursing curriculum. This holistic perspective enhances the awareness of nursing students. ...
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This chapter presents aspects of addressing the whole student as he or she proceeds through the four year nursing curriculum. This holistic perspective enhances the awareness of nursing students. They see the significance of integrating core course material, recognizing the needs of society for health care, and drawing connections between health care and social justice issues, locally and globally. Readers are invited to think about their experiences and apply various strategies to their own situations. The uniqueness of the philosophy of Jesuit Education, particularly as addressed within Schools of Nursing, is depicted in this chapter through examples from nurse faculty, alumni, and students.Less
This chapter presents aspects of addressing the whole student as he or she proceeds through the four year nursing curriculum. This holistic perspective enhances the awareness of nursing students. They see the significance of integrating core course material, recognizing the needs of society for health care, and drawing connections between health care and social justice issues, locally and globally. Readers are invited to think about their experiences and apply various strategies to their own situations. The uniqueness of the philosophy of Jesuit Education, particularly as addressed within Schools of Nursing, is depicted in this chapter through examples from nurse faculty, alumni, and students.
Anne Borsay and Pamela Dale
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719096938
- eISBN:
- 9781781708637
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719096938.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This introductory chapter provides an overview of the working lives of paid carers over two centuries. The emergence of modern nursing is usually dated to the mid-nineteenth century. Its complex ...
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This introductory chapter provides an overview of the working lives of paid carers over two centuries. The emergence of modern nursing is usually dated to the mid-nineteenth century. Its complex evolution and international variations were shaped by the relationship between nursing and the state, religious influences, economics, a concern with social welfare, class and gender issues, scientific innovation, the reform of hospitals, and the development of a distinct body of nursing knowledge. Such analysis tends to prioritise the experiences of the general nurse while the asylum attendant/ psychiatric nurse tends to be either overlooked or described in a way that suggests inferiority. A narrative of catching up and falling behind imbues these debates with general nursing serving as an exemplar. This perspective neglects to consider the appropriateness of general hospital attitudes and practices to the care of the mentally ill, the special qualities and specific skills that might be demanded of the asylum attendant/ nurse, and the distinctive problems presented by their working environment. The idea that nurses’ needs and experiences can shape their responses to patient needs, and thus wider care regimes, is only just gaining credence but is the starting point for this collection of essays.Less
This introductory chapter provides an overview of the working lives of paid carers over two centuries. The emergence of modern nursing is usually dated to the mid-nineteenth century. Its complex evolution and international variations were shaped by the relationship between nursing and the state, religious influences, economics, a concern with social welfare, class and gender issues, scientific innovation, the reform of hospitals, and the development of a distinct body of nursing knowledge. Such analysis tends to prioritise the experiences of the general nurse while the asylum attendant/ psychiatric nurse tends to be either overlooked or described in a way that suggests inferiority. A narrative of catching up and falling behind imbues these debates with general nursing serving as an exemplar. This perspective neglects to consider the appropriateness of general hospital attitudes and practices to the care of the mentally ill, the special qualities and specific skills that might be demanded of the asylum attendant/ nurse, and the distinctive problems presented by their working environment. The idea that nurses’ needs and experiences can shape their responses to patient needs, and thus wider care regimes, is only just gaining credence but is the starting point for this collection of essays.
Anne Borsay and Sara Knight
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719096938
- eISBN:
- 9781781708637
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719096938.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This chapter begins by considering Wilfred Owen’s powerful poem, ‘Mental Cases’. The devastation of shell-shocked men is starting to be understood but what of the women who nursed these traumatized ...
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This chapter begins by considering Wilfred Owen’s powerful poem, ‘Mental Cases’. The devastation of shell-shocked men is starting to be understood but what of the women who nursed these traumatized victims? The chapter teases out their experiences and assesses the implications for the professionalisation of mental nursing using the Cardiff City Mental Hospital/Welsh Metropolitan War Hospital as a case study. A variety of sources aid examination of the intersection of four key themes: medicine, gender, class, and war. In addition, nursing registers are used to identify the occupational and social backgrounds of recruits and to track the destinations of staff leaving the Hospital, often after only a short period of service. This raises questions about how far the pressures of war dissolved traditional gender and class relations.Less
This chapter begins by considering Wilfred Owen’s powerful poem, ‘Mental Cases’. The devastation of shell-shocked men is starting to be understood but what of the women who nursed these traumatized victims? The chapter teases out their experiences and assesses the implications for the professionalisation of mental nursing using the Cardiff City Mental Hospital/Welsh Metropolitan War Hospital as a case study. A variety of sources aid examination of the intersection of four key themes: medicine, gender, class, and war. In addition, nursing registers are used to identify the occupational and social backgrounds of recruits and to track the destinations of staff leaving the Hospital, often after only a short period of service. This raises questions about how far the pressures of war dissolved traditional gender and class relations.
