Ole Andreas Engen
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199551552
- eISBN:
- 9780191720819
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199551552.003.0007
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Political Economy, Innovation
This chapter addresses the development of the Norwegian Petroleum Innovation System. While the initial phase of the petroleum development of Norway in the 1960s was characterized by an absorptive ...
More
This chapter addresses the development of the Norwegian Petroleum Innovation System. While the initial phase of the petroleum development of Norway in the 1960s was characterized by an absorptive capacity of receiving new technology, the building of Norwegian competence in the 1970s and 1980s was, in certain respects, directly shaped by public policy so that participatation could occur. With the Condeep design it became possible to speak of an independent Norwegian petroleum industry. In the R&D system of Norway, petroleum education and research were introduced at several levels. Due to new cost-efficient technologies introduced in the 1990s, we may say that the adjustment was concluded by the beginning of 21st century. The Norwegian oil and gas actors perceived themselves ready to participate fully in the international system of energy producers.Less
This chapter addresses the development of the Norwegian Petroleum Innovation System. While the initial phase of the petroleum development of Norway in the 1960s was characterized by an absorptive capacity of receiving new technology, the building of Norwegian competence in the 1970s and 1980s was, in certain respects, directly shaped by public policy so that participatation could occur. With the Condeep design it became possible to speak of an independent Norwegian petroleum industry. In the R&D system of Norway, petroleum education and research were introduced at several levels. Due to new cost-efficient technologies introduced in the 1990s, we may say that the adjustment was concluded by the beginning of 21st century. The Norwegian oil and gas actors perceived themselves ready to participate fully in the international system of energy producers.
Tor A. Åfarli
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199556861
- eISBN:
- 9780191722271
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199556861.003.0002
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology, Phonetics / Phonology
The distributional flexibility shown by adverbials in Norwegian is explained by assuming a 3D phrase structure where adverbials originate in the third dimension and are “bent” into the ...
More
The distributional flexibility shown by adverbials in Norwegian is explained by assuming a 3D phrase structure where adverbials originate in the third dimension and are “bent” into the two‐dimensional phrase structural plane as part of Spell‐Out. An important type of support for the analysis is that it facilitates a simple analysis of the distribution of weak pronouns.Less
The distributional flexibility shown by adverbials in Norwegian is explained by assuming a 3D phrase structure where adverbials originate in the third dimension and are “bent” into the two‐dimensional phrase structural plane as part of Spell‐Out. An important type of support for the analysis is that it facilitates a simple analysis of the distribution of weak pronouns.
Ulf Hammer
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199579853
- eISBN:
- 9780191722745
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199579853.003.0008
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law, Environmental and Energy Law
Since the early 1970s, state ownership has been an important element in the management of petroleum resources on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS). In recent years however, important developments ...
More
Since the early 1970s, state ownership has been an important element in the management of petroleum resources on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS). In recent years however, important developments have taken place, both as regards the organization and the management of state ownership. This chapter analyses these developments. Section I makes a basic distinction between state ownership of subsea petroleum deposits and state ownership of licence interests. Section II discusses state ownership of the subsea petroleum deposits. Section III discusses how the state manages its ownership in the petroleum activities, i.e. exploration, production, transport, and eventually, abandonment. Section IV further analyses how the state manages its licence interests through the state company Petoro; Section V concludes.Less
Since the early 1970s, state ownership has been an important element in the management of petroleum resources on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS). In recent years however, important developments have taken place, both as regards the organization and the management of state ownership. This chapter analyses these developments. Section I makes a basic distinction between state ownership of subsea petroleum deposits and state ownership of licence interests. Section II discusses state ownership of the subsea petroleum deposits. Section III discusses how the state manages its ownership in the petroleum activities, i.e. exploration, production, transport, and eventually, abandonment. Section IV further analyses how the state manages its licence interests through the state company Petoro; Section V concludes.
Quentin R. Walsh
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813034799
- eISBN:
- 9780813039688
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813034799.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Experience taught that heavy ice outside the Ross Sea indicated very few whales to be present in that body of water. Norwegian expeditions therefore did not force the pack but entered the Ross Sea ...
More
Experience taught that heavy ice outside the Ross Sea indicated very few whales to be present in that body of water. Norwegian expeditions therefore did not force the pack but entered the Ross Sea only if mild conditions prevailed. The Japanese frequently worked that area. The blue whale was reported to be the only commercial species in the Ross Sea. It was believed that most of the expeditions working the Antarctic for 1937–38 were between 30° E and 130° E; the Japanese were believed to be either in or just outside the Ross Sea. Species of whales were located there within the restricted limits. However, it is possible to locate the areas within which whales could be found by looking at past records that indicated results over an extended period.Less
Experience taught that heavy ice outside the Ross Sea indicated very few whales to be present in that body of water. Norwegian expeditions therefore did not force the pack but entered the Ross Sea only if mild conditions prevailed. The Japanese frequently worked that area. The blue whale was reported to be the only commercial species in the Ross Sea. It was believed that most of the expeditions working the Antarctic for 1937–38 were between 30° E and 130° E; the Japanese were believed to be either in or just outside the Ross Sea. Species of whales were located there within the restricted limits. However, it is possible to locate the areas within which whales could be found by looking at past records that indicated results over an extended period.
Lewis R. Fischer and Even Lange (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780986497360
- eISBN:
- 9781786944481
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780986497360.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This book is a wide-reaching study of Norwegian maritime history and developments within the discipline. It brings together the research efforts of a University of Oslo project aiming to further ...
More
This book is a wide-reaching study of Norwegian maritime history and developments within the discipline. It brings together the research efforts of a University of Oslo project aiming to further understand Norwegian shipping history between 1814 and 2014, and the work of a new generation of maritime historians. Structured into three sections - global integration, political issues, and success and failure - the volume covers a broad range of maritime topics that have influenced both Norwegian economic development and Norwegian cultural identity. Through analysis it discovers that in the last few decades Norwegian shipping has been plagued by multiple troubles, whilst simultaneously becoming less crucial to the Norwegian economy in favour of offshore petroleum production. However, it reiterates the historical importance of shipping to the economic development of Norway, and asserts that historians have begun to treat it as the centre from which other industries grew.Less
This book is a wide-reaching study of Norwegian maritime history and developments within the discipline. It brings together the research efforts of a University of Oslo project aiming to further understand Norwegian shipping history between 1814 and 2014, and the work of a new generation of maritime historians. Structured into three sections - global integration, political issues, and success and failure - the volume covers a broad range of maritime topics that have influenced both Norwegian economic development and Norwegian cultural identity. Through analysis it discovers that in the last few decades Norwegian shipping has been plagued by multiple troubles, whilst simultaneously becoming less crucial to the Norwegian economy in favour of offshore petroleum production. However, it reiterates the historical importance of shipping to the economic development of Norway, and asserts that historians have begun to treat it as the centre from which other industries grew.
Quentin R. Walsh
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813034799
- eISBN:
- 9780813039688
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813034799.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
The general arrangement of the Ulysses was typical of any modern pelagic whaling factory. Their level of production, which also partly determined how personnel were paid, classed the ships. Modern ...
More
The general arrangement of the Ulysses was typical of any modern pelagic whaling factory. Their level of production, which also partly determined how personnel were paid, classed the ships. Modern pelagic factory ships were generally divided into five classes according to their capacity to produce a certain amount of oil. The classification was determined and agreed upon by the owners of the ships and the Norwegian whaling unions. The classification of the factories was supposed to be as theoretically correct as it could possibly be, but this often did not work out in practice. Some of those divergences were so extensive that factors other than oil production were needed to be observed by the unions and the owners when the designation of a factory ship was considered.Less
The general arrangement of the Ulysses was typical of any modern pelagic whaling factory. Their level of production, which also partly determined how personnel were paid, classed the ships. Modern pelagic factory ships were generally divided into five classes according to their capacity to produce a certain amount of oil. The classification was determined and agreed upon by the owners of the ships and the Norwegian whaling unions. The classification of the factories was supposed to be as theoretically correct as it could possibly be, but this often did not work out in practice. Some of those divergences were so extensive that factors other than oil production were needed to be observed by the unions and the owners when the designation of a factory ship was considered.
Quentin R. Walsh
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813034799
- eISBN:
- 9780813039688
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813034799.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This chapter considers Walsh's extensive cultural anthropology on Norwegian whaling ships and the whale gunners. In the past, whale gunners were paid for each whale killed regardless of its size. ...
More
This chapter considers Walsh's extensive cultural anthropology on Norwegian whaling ships and the whale gunners. In the past, whale gunners were paid for each whale killed regardless of its size. Such a remunerative system encouraged the gunner to kill any type or size of whale, because the pay was the same regardless of the size of the catch. With the introduction of international legislation for protecting whales, it was required that the gunners be compensated to some extent upon such factors as the species, size, and oil yield of the whales captured, and not merely upon the number obtained. To determine the number of beregnent whales, footage of the different species had to be obtained; the various footage totals divided by the beregnent units for the different species allowed the determination of the total beregnent whales.Less
This chapter considers Walsh's extensive cultural anthropology on Norwegian whaling ships and the whale gunners. In the past, whale gunners were paid for each whale killed regardless of its size. Such a remunerative system encouraged the gunner to kill any type or size of whale, because the pay was the same regardless of the size of the catch. With the introduction of international legislation for protecting whales, it was required that the gunners be compensated to some extent upon such factors as the species, size, and oil yield of the whales captured, and not merely upon the number obtained. To determine the number of beregnent whales, footage of the different species had to be obtained; the various footage totals divided by the beregnent units for the different species allowed the determination of the total beregnent whales.
Ruth H. Sanders
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780226493893
- eISBN:
- 9780226493923
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226493923.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics
Five Germanic languages--Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, Icelandic, and Faroese--along with two Finno-Ugric languages--Finnish and Sami--have lived in neighboring territory in the North for millennia. ...
More
Five Germanic languages--Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, Icelandic, and Faroese--along with two Finno-Ugric languages--Finnish and Sami--have lived in neighboring territory in the North for millennia. Though the first five languages belong to a different linguistic family than the second two, their long life together has influenced them all in sometimes surprising ways. This book investigates archaeological, cultural, and genetic evidence from deep history, beginning in the immediate post-Ice Age, to reveal where the languages and their speakers came from. The book's focus is on the crucial intersections, sometimes actually collisions, among the seven languages and their speakers. The conclusion reports on the languages of Scandinavia today and some linguistic trends that will likely affect their future.Less
Five Germanic languages--Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, Icelandic, and Faroese--along with two Finno-Ugric languages--Finnish and Sami--have lived in neighboring territory in the North for millennia. Though the first five languages belong to a different linguistic family than the second two, their long life together has influenced them all in sometimes surprising ways. This book investigates archaeological, cultural, and genetic evidence from deep history, beginning in the immediate post-Ice Age, to reveal where the languages and their speakers came from. The book's focus is on the crucial intersections, sometimes actually collisions, among the seven languages and their speakers. The conclusion reports on the languages of Scandinavia today and some linguistic trends that will likely affect their future.
Jeroen van Craenenbroeck
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195375640
- eISBN:
- 9780199871612
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195375640.003.0008
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
This chapter further extends the data set of this book in two ways. First of all, it briefly discusses the occurrence of spading in Eastern Norwegian and French. Secondly, it focuses on two other ...
More
This chapter further extends the data set of this book in two ways. First of all, it briefly discusses the occurrence of spading in Eastern Norwegian and French. Secondly, it focuses on two other instances of stranding under sluicing: the stranding of the adverb dan ‘then’ in Dutch and the stranding of adverbial modifiers such as exactly. The former is shown to be substantially different from spading (despite superficial similarities), while the latter is shown to interact in an interesting way with both spading and swiping. In particular, the fact that a swiped preposition and a spaded demonstrative can intervene between a sluiced wh-phrase and an adverbial modifier indicates that the two do not form a constituent at Spell-Out and that the adverbial modifier is stranded inside the CP-domain as well. As such, swiping and spading can be used as a constituency diagnostic for sluiced phrases.Less
This chapter further extends the data set of this book in two ways. First of all, it briefly discusses the occurrence of spading in Eastern Norwegian and French. Secondly, it focuses on two other instances of stranding under sluicing: the stranding of the adverb dan ‘then’ in Dutch and the stranding of adverbial modifiers such as exactly. The former is shown to be substantially different from spading (despite superficial similarities), while the latter is shown to interact in an interesting way with both spading and swiping. In particular, the fact that a swiped preposition and a spaded demonstrative can intervene between a sluiced wh-phrase and an adverbial modifier indicates that the two do not form a constituent at Spell-Out and that the adverbial modifier is stranded inside the CP-domain as well. As such, swiping and spading can be used as a constituency diagnostic for sluiced phrases.
E. Philip Davis
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198233312
- eISBN:
- 9780191596124
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198233310.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
Given the focus of the analyses in Chs. 6 and 7 on six major periods of instability since 1970, it is useful to outline the events of other selected periods of crisis. We look for example at the ...
More
Given the focus of the analyses in Chs. 6 and 7 on six major periods of instability since 1970, it is useful to outline the events of other selected periods of crisis. We look for example at the Overend Gurney from 1866 in the UK, the US Great Depression, Continental Illinois in the US, Penn Central in the US, and the Norwegian banking crisis. Such an approach serves several purposes; first, it indicates the generality or otherwise of the mechanisms outlined in a wider range of financial markets (common features of the events are summarized in Table 8.1); second, it may offer additional insights into the links between financial fragility and systemic risk; third, by offering a wider sample, it facilitates a broader analysis of the different types of crisis. Given the degree to which some of these events have been studied, the accounts are inevitably partial; further details can be obtained from the references.Less
Given the focus of the analyses in Chs. 6 and 7 on six major periods of instability since 1970, it is useful to outline the events of other selected periods of crisis. We look for example at the Overend Gurney from 1866 in the UK, the US Great Depression, Continental Illinois in the US, Penn Central in the US, and the Norwegian banking crisis. Such an approach serves several purposes; first, it indicates the generality or otherwise of the mechanisms outlined in a wider range of financial markets (common features of the events are summarized in Table 8.1); second, it may offer additional insights into the links between financial fragility and systemic risk; third, by offering a wider sample, it facilitates a broader analysis of the different types of crisis. Given the degree to which some of these events have been studied, the accounts are inevitably partial; further details can be obtained from the references.
Marit Westergaard
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199560547
- eISBN:
- 9780191721267
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199560547.003.0005
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology, Historical Linguistics
Against the background of the loss of V2 in English, this chapter considers microvariation in wh‐questions in present‐day Norwegian dialects, arguing that it reflects a diachronic change in progress. ...
More
Against the background of the loss of V2 in English, this chapter considers microvariation in wh‐questions in present‐day Norwegian dialects, arguing that it reflects a diachronic change in progress. Within a cue‐based approach to acquisition and change, gradual diachronic development is considered to represent many small I‐language changes in succession.Less
Against the background of the loss of V2 in English, this chapter considers microvariation in wh‐questions in present‐day Norwegian dialects, arguing that it reflects a diachronic change in progress. Within a cue‐based approach to acquisition and change, gradual diachronic development is considered to represent many small I‐language changes in succession.
Jørgen Magnus Sejersted
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199588541
- eISBN:
- 9780191741845
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199588541.003.0013
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter discusses the Norwegian poet Henrik Wergeland (1808–45) and the depictions of Roman culture in his main work Skabelsen, Mennesket og Messias (The Creation, Man and Messiah) of 1830. This ...
More
This chapter discusses the Norwegian poet Henrik Wergeland (1808–45) and the depictions of Roman culture in his main work Skabelsen, Mennesket og Messias (The Creation, Man and Messiah) of 1830. This giant poem of approximately 600 pages, influenced by Byron, describes the world from its mythological origins until the death of Christ, and culminates in a utopian revolution. This totalizing vision of an inspired Romantic strives to encompass elements of a strong Enlightenment tradition. The chapter argues that, within this mythopoetic Romantic universe, Roman culture defines lost republicanism, pragmatic stoicism, and constrained (sexual) narcissism. In representing the necessary boundaries within the otherwise explosive Self, figures such as Pilate and Cato demonstrate the inner tensions of the romantic imagination.Less
This chapter discusses the Norwegian poet Henrik Wergeland (1808–45) and the depictions of Roman culture in his main work Skabelsen, Mennesket og Messias (The Creation, Man and Messiah) of 1830. This giant poem of approximately 600 pages, influenced by Byron, describes the world from its mythological origins until the death of Christ, and culminates in a utopian revolution. This totalizing vision of an inspired Romantic strives to encompass elements of a strong Enlightenment tradition. The chapter argues that, within this mythopoetic Romantic universe, Roman culture defines lost republicanism, pragmatic stoicism, and constrained (sexual) narcissism. In representing the necessary boundaries within the otherwise explosive Self, figures such as Pilate and Cato demonstrate the inner tensions of the romantic imagination.
Charles Tilly
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195055108
- eISBN:
- 9780199854219
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195055108.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Historiography
This chapter points out that by the early 19th century, evolving capitalist economic and property relations—notably the spread of wage labor, the separation of households from the means of ...
More
This chapter points out that by the early 19th century, evolving capitalist economic and property relations—notably the spread of wage labor, the separation of households from the means of production, and the rising productivity of commercial agriculture—had combined with diminishing land resources and an expanding demand for labor in urban-industrial areas to make long-distance migration a logical choice for many Europeans. Recent scholars of European emigration generally agree that local conditions, including land-tenure patterns, agricultural requirements, and resource management, profoundly influenced rates of emigration and return as well as the kinds of people who emigrated. Those from regions, such as certain parts of southern Italy, where land ownership was still possible hoped to use American wages to purchase land upon their return. The sons of west Norwegian cattle farmers, shut out from ownership, along with fairly-well-off farmers seeking larger farms, also left Europe.Less
This chapter points out that by the early 19th century, evolving capitalist economic and property relations—notably the spread of wage labor, the separation of households from the means of production, and the rising productivity of commercial agriculture—had combined with diminishing land resources and an expanding demand for labor in urban-industrial areas to make long-distance migration a logical choice for many Europeans. Recent scholars of European emigration generally agree that local conditions, including land-tenure patterns, agricultural requirements, and resource management, profoundly influenced rates of emigration and return as well as the kinds of people who emigrated. Those from regions, such as certain parts of southern Italy, where land ownership was still possible hoped to use American wages to purchase land upon their return. The sons of west Norwegian cattle farmers, shut out from ownership, along with fairly-well-off farmers seeking larger farms, also left Europe.
Toba Singer
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780813044026
- eISBN:
- 9780813046259
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813044026.003.0026
- Subject:
- Music, Dance
Two Ballet Nacional de Cuba principal dancers, Lázaro Carreño and his nephew Yoel, compare how they experienced Fernando as a teacher and a coach during the different generations to which they ...
More
Two Ballet Nacional de Cuba principal dancers, Lázaro Carreño and his nephew Yoel, compare how they experienced Fernando as a teacher and a coach during the different generations to which they belonged, his emphasis on detail and discipline and insuring that steps and production values not be lost or compromised over time emphasizing that current dancers need to learn for the first time certain approaches that older dancers absorbed from Fernando from the very beginning of their dance education.Less
Two Ballet Nacional de Cuba principal dancers, Lázaro Carreño and his nephew Yoel, compare how they experienced Fernando as a teacher and a coach during the different generations to which they belonged, his emphasis on detail and discipline and insuring that steps and production values not be lost or compromised over time emphasizing that current dancers need to learn for the first time certain approaches that older dancers absorbed from Fernando from the very beginning of their dance education.
Trond Bjørndal and Gordon R. Munro
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199576753
- eISBN:
- 9780191745973
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199576753.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental, Financial Economics
Straddling fish stocks (broadly defined) present us with the most difficult capture fisheries management problem that we have encountered in our examination of the management of world capture ...
More
Straddling fish stocks (broadly defined) present us with the most difficult capture fisheries management problem that we have encountered in our examination of the management of world capture fisheries. In this chapter, we turn our attention to the study of one straddling stock (narrowly defined), Norwegian spring spawning herring, and one highly migratory stock, East Atlantic bluefin tuna. For each stock, multi agent bioeconomic models are developed and analysed under different management scenarios. Both cases involve fishery resources that had been heavily overexploited in the past, and in which a major resource investment programme was seen to be very much in order. While herring provides an example of a striking resource management success, tuna is an example of quite the reverse. The reasons behind this marked difference in the success of the two resource investment programmes are analysed.Less
Straddling fish stocks (broadly defined) present us with the most difficult capture fisheries management problem that we have encountered in our examination of the management of world capture fisheries. In this chapter, we turn our attention to the study of one straddling stock (narrowly defined), Norwegian spring spawning herring, and one highly migratory stock, East Atlantic bluefin tuna. For each stock, multi agent bioeconomic models are developed and analysed under different management scenarios. Both cases involve fishery resources that had been heavily overexploited in the past, and in which a major resource investment programme was seen to be very much in order. While herring provides an example of a striking resource management success, tuna is an example of quite the reverse. The reasons behind this marked difference in the success of the two resource investment programmes are analysed.
Simon Ville and David M. Williams (eds)
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780969588542
- eISBN:
- 9781786944887
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780969588542.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This volume seeks to explore the vast history of international maritime business, focussing on themes of management, finance, and labour. Each essay considers the economics of maritime industries and ...
More
This volume seeks to explore the vast history of international maritime business, focussing on themes of management, finance, and labour. Each essay considers the economics of maritime industries and the factors that influenced decision-making. Their collective purpose is to spotlight relatively neglected areas of international maritime business history, and their richly varied subjects and geographies are primarily unified by this theme, whilst demonstrating the universality of international maritime business. The essays cover the following subjects:- the Norwegian shipbroking firm, Fearnley and Eger; the labour management strategies of nineteenth century London dock companies; the hierarchies of Finnish seagoing in the nineteenth century; twentieth-century Spanish merchant shipping; an examination of Gothenburg’s leading shipping companies; an exploration of The Royal Mail’s postal contracts and overseas mail service; patterns of ownership and finance in Greek deep-sea steamship fleets; the relationships between banks and industry in interwar Italy; the expansion of Japanese post-war shipbuilding; and a survey of Chinese junk trades.Less
This volume seeks to explore the vast history of international maritime business, focussing on themes of management, finance, and labour. Each essay considers the economics of maritime industries and the factors that influenced decision-making. Their collective purpose is to spotlight relatively neglected areas of international maritime business history, and their richly varied subjects and geographies are primarily unified by this theme, whilst demonstrating the universality of international maritime business. The essays cover the following subjects:- the Norwegian shipbroking firm, Fearnley and Eger; the labour management strategies of nineteenth century London dock companies; the hierarchies of Finnish seagoing in the nineteenth century; twentieth-century Spanish merchant shipping; an examination of Gothenburg’s leading shipping companies; an exploration of The Royal Mail’s postal contracts and overseas mail service; patterns of ownership and finance in Greek deep-sea steamship fleets; the relationships between banks and industry in interwar Italy; the expansion of Japanese post-war shipbuilding; and a survey of Chinese junk trades.
Lewis R. Fischer and Even Lange (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780973893472
- eISBN:
- 9781786944573
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780973893472.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This book compiles seven essays concerning changes to merchant shipping over the hundred and fifty years between 1850 and 2000, and spanning a range of countries, with particular focus on Norway, ...
More
This book compiles seven essays concerning changes to merchant shipping over the hundred and fifty years between 1850 and 2000, and spanning a range of countries, with particular focus on Norway, Greece, Japan, and England. The essays are linked by the theme of change: from traditional to modern shipping; in fluctuating cargo demands; from sail to steam; wood to iron; in improvements in communication technologies; in political natures and affiliations; in seafaring skillsets; in the advent of containerisation and advent of globalisation. The overall aim is to construct a solid international context for the merchant shipping industry in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries - primarily to aid a major Norwegian deep-sea merchant marine project. The book contains an introduction that sets out these aims, and seven essays by maritime historians which form part of the international contextual whole, though all can be approached individually.Less
This book compiles seven essays concerning changes to merchant shipping over the hundred and fifty years between 1850 and 2000, and spanning a range of countries, with particular focus on Norway, Greece, Japan, and England. The essays are linked by the theme of change: from traditional to modern shipping; in fluctuating cargo demands; from sail to steam; wood to iron; in improvements in communication technologies; in political natures and affiliations; in seafaring skillsets; in the advent of containerisation and advent of globalisation. The overall aim is to construct a solid international context for the merchant shipping industry in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries - primarily to aid a major Norwegian deep-sea merchant marine project. The book contains an introduction that sets out these aims, and seven essays by maritime historians which form part of the international contextual whole, though all can be approached individually.
Gustav Sætra
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780968128831
- eISBN:
- 9781786944818
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780968128831.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This chapter reports the growth of the Norwegian shipping trade in the period 1850-1880; an expansion that came as a result of a heightened demand for the exports of fish and timber from Norway to ...
More
This chapter reports the growth of the Norwegian shipping trade in the period 1850-1880; an expansion that came as a result of a heightened demand for the exports of fish and timber from Norway to Western and Southern Europe. It provides a detailed history on Norwegian shipping trade, starting from the early days of expansion to Norway’s position as a leading whaling nation. The chapter provides statistical data in the form of numbers of recruitment, labour force, and wages, but notes that source material on Norwegian shipping data prior to 1800 is often scarce and unreliable. The report also outlines the significance of Norwegian presence in foreign fleets after 1850, and discusses the motive behind a seaman’s decision to emigrate. It notes that the Dutch fleet became a popular option for Norwegians, while seamen also flocked to the alternative fleets of Russia; Denmark; Sweden; Holland; France; Great Britain; North America; Argentina; Australia and South Africa.Less
This chapter reports the growth of the Norwegian shipping trade in the period 1850-1880; an expansion that came as a result of a heightened demand for the exports of fish and timber from Norway to Western and Southern Europe. It provides a detailed history on Norwegian shipping trade, starting from the early days of expansion to Norway’s position as a leading whaling nation. The chapter provides statistical data in the form of numbers of recruitment, labour force, and wages, but notes that source material on Norwegian shipping data prior to 1800 is often scarce and unreliable. The report also outlines the significance of Norwegian presence in foreign fleets after 1850, and discusses the motive behind a seaman’s decision to emigrate. It notes that the Dutch fleet became a popular option for Norwegians, while seamen also flocked to the alternative fleets of Russia; Denmark; Sweden; Holland; France; Great Britain; North America; Argentina; Australia and South Africa.
Michael Stenton
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198208433
- eISBN:
- 9780191678004
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208433.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History, Political History
This chapter discusses the issues in foreign broadcasting and their impacts on domestic arguments. It explains that the Prime Minister tried to establish a rule that the Belgians and the other ...
More
This chapter discusses the issues in foreign broadcasting and their impacts on domestic arguments. It explains that the Prime Minister tried to establish a rule that the Belgians and the other governments should on the whole determine the propaganda to their own countries. The chapter discusses that the Belgians exposed the basis of the Ministry's unwillingness to accommodate them. The chapter notes that the propagandists usually wanted to reshape exiled governments. But even when PWE relearnt the impertinence of the MOI, the diplomats remained more placid and patient. It explains that the advantage of Norway was that Norwegian broadcasts were established by professionals.Less
This chapter discusses the issues in foreign broadcasting and their impacts on domestic arguments. It explains that the Prime Minister tried to establish a rule that the Belgians and the other governments should on the whole determine the propaganda to their own countries. The chapter discusses that the Belgians exposed the basis of the Ministry's unwillingness to accommodate them. The chapter notes that the propagandists usually wanted to reshape exiled governments. But even when PWE relearnt the impertinence of the MOI, the diplomats remained more placid and patient. It explains that the advantage of Norway was that Norwegian broadcasts were established by professionals.
John D. Sundquist
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199250691
- eISBN:
- 9780191719455
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199250691.003.0019
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
This chapter examines data on Object Shift and scrambling in Middle Norwegian (MNw) to explore a number of issues from a diachronic perspective. It shows that the status of Object Shift in early ...
More
This chapter examines data on Object Shift and scrambling in Middle Norwegian (MNw) to explore a number of issues from a diachronic perspective. It shows that the status of Object Shift in early stages of Norwegian was similar to that of modern Mainland Scandinavian despite the striking differences in case inflection in early vs. modern Norwegian. It concludes that Object Shift is not case-driven, but rather, is a semantically-driven movement caused by interpretative features as object raise to a higher position outside the focal domain of the VP. The chapter also provides evidence indicating that MNw had both Object Shift and scrambling in the same period — an unusual state of affairs among modern Germanic VO languages.Less
This chapter examines data on Object Shift and scrambling in Middle Norwegian (MNw) to explore a number of issues from a diachronic perspective. It shows that the status of Object Shift in early stages of Norwegian was similar to that of modern Mainland Scandinavian despite the striking differences in case inflection in early vs. modern Norwegian. It concludes that Object Shift is not case-driven, but rather, is a semantically-driven movement caused by interpretative features as object raise to a higher position outside the focal domain of the VP. The chapter also provides evidence indicating that MNw had both Object Shift and scrambling in the same period — an unusual state of affairs among modern Germanic VO languages.
