Kenneth Dyson and Kevin Featherstone
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198296386
- eISBN:
- 9780191599125
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019829638X.003.0016
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
With the failure to delay or block the EMU initiative, Major was left to bridge the unbridgeable, caught between a divided party and European credibility. Party divisions prevented any radical shift ...
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With the failure to delay or block the EMU initiative, Major was left to bridge the unbridgeable, caught between a divided party and European credibility. Party divisions prevented any radical shift of policy. More constructive rhetoric did not disguise essential policy continuity. Major's instincts were for pragmatism, but any scope for building alternative coalitions (e.g. with the German–Dutch bloc) were not exploited, despite compatibilities in policy belief (on monetary policy and on free markets). Thus, the end game became dominated by the technical design of an opt‐out from EMU and a weakening stage 2. The ‘victory’ on the opt‐out was somewhat hollow: not least because Britain's partners had all but given up on her. The problems of reconciling Britain's interests were graphically portrayed by its exit from the ERM in September 1992. The irony of Major's leadership was that, despite him giving priority to party unity, the Conservative Party was left in almost terminable decline and he failed to ease the constraints on his successor.Less
With the failure to delay or block the EMU initiative, Major was left to bridge the unbridgeable, caught between a divided party and European credibility. Party divisions prevented any radical shift of policy. More constructive rhetoric did not disguise essential policy continuity. Major's instincts were for pragmatism, but any scope for building alternative coalitions (e.g. with the German–Dutch bloc) were not exploited, despite compatibilities in policy belief (on monetary policy and on free markets). Thus, the end game became dominated by the technical design of an opt‐out from EMU and a weakening stage 2. The ‘victory’ on the opt‐out was somewhat hollow: not least because Britain's partners had all but given up on her. The problems of reconciling Britain's interests were graphically portrayed by its exit from the ERM in September 1992. The irony of Major's leadership was that, despite him giving priority to party unity, the Conservative Party was left in almost terminable decline and he failed to ease the constraints on his successor.
Cicely Saunders
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198570530
- eISBN:
- 9780191730412
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198570530.003.0031
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Palliative Medicine Research
In her later years, Cicely Saunders produced many forewords to the books of other writers. The first of these to be reproduced here was written for Norman Autton's Pain: An Exploration, first ...
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In her later years, Cicely Saunders produced many forewords to the books of other writers. The first of these to be reproduced here was written for Norman Autton's Pain: An Exploration, first published in 1986. She declares the book an admirable description of the search for an understanding of pain that draws on the author's long experience as a hospital chaplain. It is a book that has much to teach both professionals and those who are themselves experiencing pain.Less
In her later years, Cicely Saunders produced many forewords to the books of other writers. The first of these to be reproduced here was written for Norman Autton's Pain: An Exploration, first published in 1986. She declares the book an admirable description of the search for an understanding of pain that draws on the author's long experience as a hospital chaplain. It is a book that has much to teach both professionals and those who are themselves experiencing pain.
Ian Carter
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198294535
- eISBN:
- 9780191598951
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198294530.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
Most of those political philosophers who have tried to make sense of claims about degrees of freedom have proposed that the individual options available to the agent be weighted in terms of their ...
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Most of those political philosophers who have tried to make sense of claims about degrees of freedom have proposed that the individual options available to the agent be weighted in terms of their values (whether the subjective values of the agent, objective values or the values of the agent’s society). Most prominent among these authors are Charles Taylor, Amartya Sen, Richard Arneson and Richard Norman. This value-based approach to measuring freedom can be shown to conflict with the view that we are interested in measuring freedom only because freedom has non-specific value. It therefore renders degree-of-freedom statements normatively superfluous. Moreover, even if interpreted as a way of making purely rhetorical sense of such statements, the approach has counterintuitive implications.Less
Most of those political philosophers who have tried to make sense of claims about degrees of freedom have proposed that the individual options available to the agent be weighted in terms of their values (whether the subjective values of the agent, objective values or the values of the agent’s society). Most prominent among these authors are Charles Taylor, Amartya Sen, Richard Arneson and Richard Norman. This value-based approach to measuring freedom can be shown to conflict with the view that we are interested in measuring freedom only because freedom has non-specific value. It therefore renders degree-of-freedom statements normatively superfluous. Moreover, even if interpreted as a way of making purely rhetorical sense of such statements, the approach has counterintuitive implications.
R. R. Davies
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198208785
- eISBN:
- 9780191678141
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208785.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
The period from 1172 to 1277 witnessed momentous changes in Wales. Some of those changes within society, economic life, and the church have already been outlined. They were equally momentous in the ...
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The period from 1172 to 1277 witnessed momentous changes in Wales. Some of those changes within society, economic life, and the church have already been outlined. They were equally momentous in the political life of the country. By the late twelfth century, the map of political power in Wales had largely assumed the shape it was to retain until the Edwardian Conquest. The age of rapid advance by the Anglo-Normans had come to an end; it was followed by an age of consolidation. During the same period, the structure of political authority within Wales was being transformed, particularly within native Wales. There were continuities with the past, of course, in the principles and practice of power, both within and between the ruling dynasties.Less
The period from 1172 to 1277 witnessed momentous changes in Wales. Some of those changes within society, economic life, and the church have already been outlined. They were equally momentous in the political life of the country. By the late twelfth century, the map of political power in Wales had largely assumed the shape it was to retain until the Edwardian Conquest. The age of rapid advance by the Anglo-Normans had come to an end; it was followed by an age of consolidation. During the same period, the structure of political authority within Wales was being transformed, particularly within native Wales. There were continuities with the past, of course, in the principles and practice of power, both within and between the ruling dynasties.
Diana G. Tumminia
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- July 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195176759
- eISBN:
- 9780199835720
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195176758.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
The discussion takes issue with Leon Festinger’s When Prophecy Fails and cognitive dissonance theory by providing alternative explanations of disconfirmed prophecy. Ernest Norman lays the groundwork ...
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The discussion takes issue with Leon Festinger’s When Prophecy Fails and cognitive dissonance theory by providing alternative explanations of disconfirmed prophecy. Ernest Norman lays the groundwork for Ruth Norman with visions and channeled messages from outer space. The evolution of Unarian prophecies and their failures shows how members come to view the phenomenon as a reliving of past lives and a healing process. Melvin Pollner’s theory of mundane reason indicates that believers find errors in the interpretations of others rather than seeing the flaws in their own logic.Less
The discussion takes issue with Leon Festinger’s When Prophecy Fails and cognitive dissonance theory by providing alternative explanations of disconfirmed prophecy. Ernest Norman lays the groundwork for Ruth Norman with visions and channeled messages from outer space. The evolution of Unarian prophecies and their failures shows how members come to view the phenomenon as a reliving of past lives and a healing process. Melvin Pollner’s theory of mundane reason indicates that believers find errors in the interpretations of others rather than seeing the flaws in their own logic.
Martin Ceadel
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199571161
- eISBN:
- 9780191721762
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199571161.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory, International Relations and Politics
Sir Norman Angell, pioneer both of international relations as a distinct discipline and of the theory of globalization, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, and one of the 20th century's leading ...
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Sir Norman Angell, pioneer both of international relations as a distinct discipline and of the theory of globalization, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, and one of the 20th century's leading internationalist campaigners on both sides of the Atlantic, lived the great illusion in three senses. First, his ‘life job’, as he came to call it, was founded upon and defined by The Great Illusion, a best-seller whose original version appeared in 1909: it perceptively showed how economic interdependence would prevent great powers profiting from war; yet it made other, less felicitous, claims from whose implications he spent decades trying to extricate himself. Second, his magnum opus and all his best work derived, to an extent unusual for a public intellectual, not from abstract thinking but from an eventful and varied life as a jobbing journalist in four countries, a cowboy, land-speculator, and gold-prospector in California, production manager of the continental edition of the Daily Mail, author, lecturer, pig farmer, Labour MP, entrepreneur, and campaigner for collective security. Third, he fostered many an enduring illusion about himself by at various times giving wrongly his age, name, nationality, marital status, key career dates, and core beliefs. By dint of careful detective work, this first biography of Angell reveals the truth about a remarkable life that has hitherto been much misrepresented and misinterpreted.Less
Sir Norman Angell, pioneer both of international relations as a distinct discipline and of the theory of globalization, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, and one of the 20th century's leading internationalist campaigners on both sides of the Atlantic, lived the great illusion in three senses. First, his ‘life job’, as he came to call it, was founded upon and defined by The Great Illusion, a best-seller whose original version appeared in 1909: it perceptively showed how economic interdependence would prevent great powers profiting from war; yet it made other, less felicitous, claims from whose implications he spent decades trying to extricate himself. Second, his magnum opus and all his best work derived, to an extent unusual for a public intellectual, not from abstract thinking but from an eventful and varied life as a jobbing journalist in four countries, a cowboy, land-speculator, and gold-prospector in California, production manager of the continental edition of the Daily Mail, author, lecturer, pig farmer, Labour MP, entrepreneur, and campaigner for collective security. Third, he fostered many an enduring illusion about himself by at various times giving wrongly his age, name, nationality, marital status, key career dates, and core beliefs. By dint of careful detective work, this first biography of Angell reveals the truth about a remarkable life that has hitherto been much misrepresented and misinterpreted.
Hugh M. Thomas
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199251230
- eISBN:
- 9780191719134
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199251230.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
Since the Anglo-Norman period itself, the relations between the English and the Normans have formed a subject of lively debate. For most of that time, however, complacency about the inevitability of ...
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Since the Anglo-Norman period itself, the relations between the English and the Normans have formed a subject of lively debate. For most of that time, however, complacency about the inevitability of assimilation and of the Anglicisation of Normans after 1066 has ruled. This book first challenges that complacency, then goes on to explain why the two peoples merged and the Normans became English following years of ethnic hostility. Drawing on anthropological theory, the latest scholarship on Anglo-Norman England, and sources ranging from charters and legal documents to saints' lives and romances, it provides an exploration of ethnic relations on the levels of personal interaction, cultural assimilation, and the construction of identity, investigating the notion of ‘Englishness’ in the Middle Ages. As a result, the work provides a case study in pre-modern ethnic relations that combines both old and new approaches, and sheds new light on some of the most important developments in English history.Less
Since the Anglo-Norman period itself, the relations between the English and the Normans have formed a subject of lively debate. For most of that time, however, complacency about the inevitability of assimilation and of the Anglicisation of Normans after 1066 has ruled. This book first challenges that complacency, then goes on to explain why the two peoples merged and the Normans became English following years of ethnic hostility. Drawing on anthropological theory, the latest scholarship on Anglo-Norman England, and sources ranging from charters and legal documents to saints' lives and romances, it provides an exploration of ethnic relations on the levels of personal interaction, cultural assimilation, and the construction of identity, investigating the notion of ‘Englishness’ in the Middle Ages. As a result, the work provides a case study in pre-modern ethnic relations that combines both old and new approaches, and sheds new light on some of the most important developments in English history.
KEITH W. WHITELAM
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264010
- eISBN:
- 9780191734946
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264010.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
John Rogerson's review of works on the history of ancient Israel from Humphrey Prideaux to Martin Noth is a fine illustration of Ecclesiastes' observation (1.9): ‘What has been is what will be, and ...
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John Rogerson's review of works on the history of ancient Israel from Humphrey Prideaux to Martin Noth is a fine illustration of Ecclesiastes' observation (1.9): ‘What has been is what will be, and what has been done is what will be done; and there is nothing new under the sun’. The current debates on the history of Israel are often presented as part of some paradigm shift or, at the very least, a new and savage phase in the study of Israelite history. The publication of recent works such as A Biblical History of Israel by Provan et al. and Kenneth Kitchen's On the Reliability of the Old Testament take us back to the starting point of Rogerson's paper and the work of Prideaux before the development of biblical studies as a critical discipline in the nineteenth century. Norman Cantor's observations on the invention of the Middle Ages by twentieth-century scholarship are just as applicable to biblical scholarship and its pursuit of ancient Israel.Less
John Rogerson's review of works on the history of ancient Israel from Humphrey Prideaux to Martin Noth is a fine illustration of Ecclesiastes' observation (1.9): ‘What has been is what will be, and what has been done is what will be done; and there is nothing new under the sun’. The current debates on the history of Israel are often presented as part of some paradigm shift or, at the very least, a new and savage phase in the study of Israelite history. The publication of recent works such as A Biblical History of Israel by Provan et al. and Kenneth Kitchen's On the Reliability of the Old Testament take us back to the starting point of Rogerson's paper and the work of Prideaux before the development of biblical studies as a critical discipline in the nineteenth century. Norman Cantor's observations on the invention of the Middle Ages by twentieth-century scholarship are just as applicable to biblical scholarship and its pursuit of ancient Israel.
Richard Ashdowne and Carolinne White (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780197266083
- eISBN:
- 9780191851476
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266083.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This collection considers key issues arising from the use of Medieval Latin in Britain from the 6th to 16th centuries. Although in this period Anglo-Latin was not the native language of its users, it ...
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This collection considers key issues arising from the use of Medieval Latin in Britain from the 6th to 16th centuries. Although in this period Anglo-Latin was not the native language of its users, it was nevertheless used extensively for a wide variety of functions from religion, literature, and philosophy to record-keeping and correspondence. It existed alongside a number of everyday native spoken languages, including English, Anglo-Norman French, and Welsh. The chapters examine Latin with regard to the many multilingual contexts in which it was used, looking beyond narrow comparisons with its Roman ancestor to see what medieval users did with Latin and the diverse effects this had on the language. The fifteen chapters are divided into three parts. The first part considers important examples of Latin usage in Britain during four successive periods, pre-Conquest, the 12th, long-14th, and 15th and 16th centuries. In the second part, examples of different spheres of use are examined, including the law, the church, music, and science (and its assimilation of Arabic). In the final part the use of Latin is considered alongside the many native languages of medieval Britain, looking at how the languages had different roles and how they influenced each other. In all the many contexts in which Latin was used, its use reveals continuity matched with adaptation to circumstance, not least in the development of new vocabulary for the language. Between these two poles users of Latin steered a course that suited their own needs and those of their intended audience.Less
This collection considers key issues arising from the use of Medieval Latin in Britain from the 6th to 16th centuries. Although in this period Anglo-Latin was not the native language of its users, it was nevertheless used extensively for a wide variety of functions from religion, literature, and philosophy to record-keeping and correspondence. It existed alongside a number of everyday native spoken languages, including English, Anglo-Norman French, and Welsh. The chapters examine Latin with regard to the many multilingual contexts in which it was used, looking beyond narrow comparisons with its Roman ancestor to see what medieval users did with Latin and the diverse effects this had on the language. The fifteen chapters are divided into three parts. The first part considers important examples of Latin usage in Britain during four successive periods, pre-Conquest, the 12th, long-14th, and 15th and 16th centuries. In the second part, examples of different spheres of use are examined, including the law, the church, music, and science (and its assimilation of Arabic). In the final part the use of Latin is considered alongside the many native languages of medieval Britain, looking at how the languages had different roles and how they influenced each other. In all the many contexts in which Latin was used, its use reveals continuity matched with adaptation to circumstance, not least in the development of new vocabulary for the language. Between these two poles users of Latin steered a course that suited their own needs and those of their intended audience.
Richard Crouter
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195379679
- eISBN:
- 9780199869169
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195379679.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Chapter 6 treats Niebuhr’s mixed reception among Protestant Christians during his lifetime and today, in popular as well as academic circles. The “positive thinking” and naïve optimism of Norman ...
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Chapter 6 treats Niebuhr’s mixed reception among Protestant Christians during his lifetime and today, in popular as well as academic circles. The “positive thinking” and naïve optimism of Norman Vincent Peale and his contemporary followers are anathema to Niebuhr. Treated with indifference in the “Sojourners movement” around Jim Wallis, Niebuhr’s perspective is honored in the publication First Things. Niebuhr’s most vociferous academic critic, Duke Divinity School’s theological ethicist, Stanley Hauerwas, writes from the perspective of pacifism. This chapter responds to Hauerwas’s critique that Niebuhr’s theology is more pragmatic and naturalistic than theistic, lacks a proper sense of the church, and compromises the radicality of Jesus’s self-giving love. Chapter 6 maintains that Niebuhr is fully within the trajectory of mainstream Christian thinking and argues that Hauerwas, and similar critics, could benefit from Niebuhr’s teaching on sin, humility, and self-awareness of the Christian life. Far from capitulating to a political agenda, Niebuhr’s stress on a radically transcendent deity challenges fundamentalism and the politicized use of religion in our day.Less
Chapter 6 treats Niebuhr’s mixed reception among Protestant Christians during his lifetime and today, in popular as well as academic circles. The “positive thinking” and naïve optimism of Norman Vincent Peale and his contemporary followers are anathema to Niebuhr. Treated with indifference in the “Sojourners movement” around Jim Wallis, Niebuhr’s perspective is honored in the publication First Things. Niebuhr’s most vociferous academic critic, Duke Divinity School’s theological ethicist, Stanley Hauerwas, writes from the perspective of pacifism. This chapter responds to Hauerwas’s critique that Niebuhr’s theology is more pragmatic and naturalistic than theistic, lacks a proper sense of the church, and compromises the radicality of Jesus’s self-giving love. Chapter 6 maintains that Niebuhr is fully within the trajectory of mainstream Christian thinking and argues that Hauerwas, and similar critics, could benefit from Niebuhr’s teaching on sin, humility, and self-awareness of the Christian life. Far from capitulating to a political agenda, Niebuhr’s stress on a radically transcendent deity challenges fundamentalism and the politicized use of religion in our day.
Ida Susser
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195367317
- eISBN:
- 9780199951192
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195367317.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter describes the history, activities, and problems of the Norman Street Block Association, which was but one attempt by residents of Norman Street to influence their environment. In three ...
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This chapter describes the history, activities, and problems of the Norman Street Block Association, which was but one attempt by residents of Norman Street to influence their environment. In three years of interaction with the residents of Greenpoint–Williamsburg, the author collected a mass of data which testified to the frequent involvement in collective action of working-class poor in urban areas. Although seldom successful and often not long-lasting, such persistent efforts to control the environment were a significant feature of low-income life.Less
This chapter describes the history, activities, and problems of the Norman Street Block Association, which was but one attempt by residents of Norman Street to influence their environment. In three years of interaction with the residents of Greenpoint–Williamsburg, the author collected a mass of data which testified to the frequent involvement in collective action of working-class poor in urban areas. Although seldom successful and often not long-lasting, such persistent efforts to control the environment were a significant feature of low-income life.
Ida Susser
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195367317
- eISBN:
- 9780199951192
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195367317.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter continues the discussion of the Norman Street Block Association, focusing on the issues around which successful events were organized and the way in which successes were also closely ...
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This chapter continues the discussion of the Norman Street Block Association, focusing on the issues around which successful events were organized and the way in which successes were also closely related to the class position and material needs of the Norman Street residents. Two programs which involved the distribution of resources on Norman Street stimulated interest among block residents and were successfully organized: a summer lunch program and a play street. A third project, decorating for the Bicentennial celebrations of 1976, was also completed as planned.Less
This chapter continues the discussion of the Norman Street Block Association, focusing on the issues around which successful events were organized and the way in which successes were also closely related to the class position and material needs of the Norman Street residents. Two programs which involved the distribution of resources on Norman Street stimulated interest among block residents and were successfully organized: a summer lunch program and a play street. A third project, decorating for the Bicentennial celebrations of 1976, was also completed as planned.
Robert W. Vallin
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691164038
- eISBN:
- 9781400881338
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691164038.003.0012
- Subject:
- Mathematics, History of Mathematics
This chapter mathematically analyzes the behavior of a card trick described by an undergraduate math major at the University of California, Los Angeles, named Norman Gilbreath. Stated succinctly, ...
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This chapter mathematically analyzes the behavior of a card trick described by an undergraduate math major at the University of California, Los Angeles, named Norman Gilbreath. Stated succinctly, this trick can be performed by handing an audience member a deck of cards, letting them cut the deck several times, and then having them deal a number of cards from the top into a pile. The audience member takes the two piles (the cards in hand and the set now piled on the table) and riffle-shuffles them together. The magician now hides the deck (under a cloth, perhaps, or behind the back) and proceeds to produce one pair of cards after another in which one card is black and the other is red.Less
This chapter mathematically analyzes the behavior of a card trick described by an undergraduate math major at the University of California, Los Angeles, named Norman Gilbreath. Stated succinctly, this trick can be performed by handing an audience member a deck of cards, letting them cut the deck several times, and then having them deal a number of cards from the top into a pile. The audience member takes the two piles (the cards in hand and the set now piled on the table) and riffle-shuffles them together. The magician now hides the deck (under a cloth, perhaps, or behind the back) and proceeds to produce one pair of cards after another in which one card is black and the other is red.
James Kirby
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780197265871
- eISBN:
- 9780191772030
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265871.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
One of the most striking features of E. A. Freeman’s life and thought is the contrast between the young Tractarian student of architecture and the mature liberal, even radical, historian. This essay ...
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One of the most striking features of E. A. Freeman’s life and thought is the contrast between the young Tractarian student of architecture and the mature liberal, even radical, historian. This essay explains that the transition from the one to the other was not a process of sudden conversion or rupture, but rather a natural development. To understand the crucial years c.1846–50, when Freeman’s thought was most in ferment, a number of his early, hitherto unidentified, publications have been tracked down, including his earliest published study of the Norman Conquest. From these sources, among others, it has been possible to reconstruct how his early medievalism and anti-Erastianism evolved into a general commitment to liberty, democracy, and republicanism, without repudiating the High Anglicanism of his youth. Though apparently idiosyncratic, this intellectual development was shared to some extent by a number of prominent Victorian liberals, not least Gladstone himself.Less
One of the most striking features of E. A. Freeman’s life and thought is the contrast between the young Tractarian student of architecture and the mature liberal, even radical, historian. This essay explains that the transition from the one to the other was not a process of sudden conversion or rupture, but rather a natural development. To understand the crucial years c.1846–50, when Freeman’s thought was most in ferment, a number of his early, hitherto unidentified, publications have been tracked down, including his earliest published study of the Norman Conquest. From these sources, among others, it has been possible to reconstruct how his early medievalism and anti-Erastianism evolved into a general commitment to liberty, democracy, and republicanism, without repudiating the High Anglicanism of his youth. Though apparently idiosyncratic, this intellectual development was shared to some extent by a number of prominent Victorian liberals, not least Gladstone himself.
Stephen Baxter
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199230983
- eISBN:
- 9780191710940
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199230983.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This book constitutes a major reappraisal of the late Anglo-Saxon state on the eve of its demise. Its principal focus is the family of Ealdorman Leofwine, which obtained power in Mercia and retained ...
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This book constitutes a major reappraisal of the late Anglo-Saxon state on the eve of its demise. Its principal focus is the family of Ealdorman Leofwine, which obtained power in Mercia and retained it throughout an extraordinary period of political upheaval between 994 and 1071. In doing so it explores a paradox: that earls were extraordinarily wealthy and powerful yet distinctly insecure. The book contains the first extended treatment of earls' powers in late Anglo-Saxon England and shows that although they wielded considerable military, administrative and political powers, they remained vulnerable to exile and other forms of political punishment including loss of territory. The book also offers a path-breaking analysis of land tenure and the mechanics of royal patronage, and argues that the majority of earls' estates were held from the king on a revocable basis for the duration of their period in office. In order to compensate for such insecurities, earls used lordship and religious patronage to construct local networks of power. The book uses innovative methods for interpreting the representation of lordship in Domesday Book to reconstruct the affinity of the earls of Mercia. It also examines how the house of Leofwine made strategic use of religious patronage to cement local power structures. All this created intense competition between the earls of Mercia and their rivals for power, both at court and in the localities, and the book explores how factional rivalry determined the course of politics, and ultimately the fate of the late Anglo-Saxon state.Less
This book constitutes a major reappraisal of the late Anglo-Saxon state on the eve of its demise. Its principal focus is the family of Ealdorman Leofwine, which obtained power in Mercia and retained it throughout an extraordinary period of political upheaval between 994 and 1071. In doing so it explores a paradox: that earls were extraordinarily wealthy and powerful yet distinctly insecure. The book contains the first extended treatment of earls' powers in late Anglo-Saxon England and shows that although they wielded considerable military, administrative and political powers, they remained vulnerable to exile and other forms of political punishment including loss of territory. The book also offers a path-breaking analysis of land tenure and the mechanics of royal patronage, and argues that the majority of earls' estates were held from the king on a revocable basis for the duration of their period in office. In order to compensate for such insecurities, earls used lordship and religious patronage to construct local networks of power. The book uses innovative methods for interpreting the representation of lordship in Domesday Book to reconstruct the affinity of the earls of Mercia. It also examines how the house of Leofwine made strategic use of religious patronage to cement local power structures. All this created intense competition between the earls of Mercia and their rivals for power, both at court and in the localities, and the book explores how factional rivalry determined the course of politics, and ultimately the fate of the late Anglo-Saxon state.
Jack C. Lyons
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195373578
- eISBN:
- 9780199871988
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195373578.003.0005
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
A famous class of counterexamples to reliabilism involves clairvoyance and similar odd cognitive capacities and is generally taken to show that reliability is not sufficient for justification. This ...
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A famous class of counterexamples to reliabilism involves clairvoyance and similar odd cognitive capacities and is generally taken to show that reliability is not sufficient for justification. This chapter argues that reliabilism can be rendered immune to such counterexamples by invoking the distinction between basic and nonbasic beliefs and insisting that reliability is sufficient only for the justification of basic beliefs. The chapter argues that other influential reliabilist attempts to answer the clairvoyance objection ultimately fail, as will any approach that does not explicitly appeal to the basic/nonbasic distinction and require inferential support for the nonbasic beliefs. The clairvoyance problem is a quite general problem concerning basicality and not merely — or even especially — a problem for reliabilism.Less
A famous class of counterexamples to reliabilism involves clairvoyance and similar odd cognitive capacities and is generally taken to show that reliability is not sufficient for justification. This chapter argues that reliabilism can be rendered immune to such counterexamples by invoking the distinction between basic and nonbasic beliefs and insisting that reliability is sufficient only for the justification of basic beliefs. The chapter argues that other influential reliabilist attempts to answer the clairvoyance objection ultimately fail, as will any approach that does not explicitly appeal to the basic/nonbasic distinction and require inferential support for the nonbasic beliefs. The clairvoyance problem is a quite general problem concerning basicality and not merely — or even especially — a problem for reliabilism.
Oliver Creighton and Duncan Wright
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781781382424
- eISBN:
- 9781786943996
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781781382424.001.0001
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
The turbulent reign of Stephen, King of England (1135–54), has been styled since the late 19th century as 'the Anarchy’, although the extent of political breakdown during the period has since been ...
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The turbulent reign of Stephen, King of England (1135–54), has been styled since the late 19th century as 'the Anarchy’, although the extent of political breakdown during the period has since been vigorously debated. Rebellion and bitter civil war characterised Stephen’s protracted struggle with rival claimant Empress Matilda and her Angevin supporters over ‘nineteen long winters’ when, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, ‘Christ and his Saints slept’. Drawing on new research and fieldwork, this innovative volume offers the first ever overview and synthesis of the archaeological and material record for this controversial period. It presents and interrogates many different types of evidence at a variety of scales, ranging from nationwide mapping of historical events through to conflict landscapes of battlefields and sieges. The volume considers archaeological sites such as castles and other fortifications, churches, monasteries, bishops’ palaces and urban and rural settlements, alongside material culture including coins, pottery, seals and arms and armour. This approach not only augments but also challenges historical narratives, questioning the ‘real’ impact of Stephen’s troubled reign on society, settlement, church and the landscape, and opens up new perspectives on the conduct of Anglo-Norman warfare.Less
The turbulent reign of Stephen, King of England (1135–54), has been styled since the late 19th century as 'the Anarchy’, although the extent of political breakdown during the period has since been vigorously debated. Rebellion and bitter civil war characterised Stephen’s protracted struggle with rival claimant Empress Matilda and her Angevin supporters over ‘nineteen long winters’ when, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, ‘Christ and his Saints slept’. Drawing on new research and fieldwork, this innovative volume offers the first ever overview and synthesis of the archaeological and material record for this controversial period. It presents and interrogates many different types of evidence at a variety of scales, ranging from nationwide mapping of historical events through to conflict landscapes of battlefields and sieges. The volume considers archaeological sites such as castles and other fortifications, churches, monasteries, bishops’ palaces and urban and rural settlements, alongside material culture including coins, pottery, seals and arms and armour. This approach not only augments but also challenges historical narratives, questioning the ‘real’ impact of Stephen’s troubled reign on society, settlement, church and the landscape, and opens up new perspectives on the conduct of Anglo-Norman warfare.
Paul Russell
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195110333
- eISBN:
- 9780199872084
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195110333.003.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
This chapter begins with a review of the classical (Reid‐Beattie) skeptical interpretation of Hume's Treatise followed by an account of Norman Kemp Smith's influential naturalistic interpretation of ...
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This chapter begins with a review of the classical (Reid‐Beattie) skeptical interpretation of Hume's Treatise followed by an account of Norman Kemp Smith's influential naturalistic interpretation of Hume's fundamental intentions. Other more recent interpretations, falling on either side of the skeptical/naturalist divide, are also described, including several interpretations that have paid more careful attention to the historical context in which the Treatise was composed and published. This account of the various alternative interpretations provides a framework for explaining the fundamental “riddle” of the Treatise: namely, that Hume's (radical) skeptical commitments appear to undermine and discredit his effort to make a contribution to “the science of man.”Less
This chapter begins with a review of the classical (Reid‐Beattie) skeptical interpretation of Hume's Treatise followed by an account of Norman Kemp Smith's influential naturalistic interpretation of Hume's fundamental intentions. Other more recent interpretations, falling on either side of the skeptical/naturalist divide, are also described, including several interpretations that have paid more careful attention to the historical context in which the Treatise was composed and published. This account of the various alternative interpretations provides a framework for explaining the fundamental “riddle” of the Treatise: namely, that Hume's (radical) skeptical commitments appear to undermine and discredit his effort to make a contribution to “the science of man.”
Diana G. Tumminia
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- July 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195176759
- eISBN:
- 9780199835720
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195176758.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Living myth is explored as a sacred narrative that is made and elaborated upon through a process of charismatic labor or interactional storytelling between leaders and followers of spiritual groups. ...
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Living myth is explored as a sacred narrative that is made and elaborated upon through a process of charismatic labor or interactional storytelling between leaders and followers of spiritual groups. The author considers the theories of Max Weber, Carl Jung, Rene Girard, Emile Durkheim, and Mircea Eliade. This mythmaking process is illustrated with examples from Unarius in the spiritual careers of Ernest Norman, Uriel the Archangel, Antares, and certain students. In addition to channeling messages and having visions, the filming of unscripted psychodramas helps produce and maintain myths in the group.Less
Living myth is explored as a sacred narrative that is made and elaborated upon through a process of charismatic labor or interactional storytelling between leaders and followers of spiritual groups. The author considers the theories of Max Weber, Carl Jung, Rene Girard, Emile Durkheim, and Mircea Eliade. This mythmaking process is illustrated with examples from Unarius in the spiritual careers of Ernest Norman, Uriel the Archangel, Antares, and certain students. In addition to channeling messages and having visions, the filming of unscripted psychodramas helps produce and maintain myths in the group.
Diana G. Tumminia
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- July 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195176759
- eISBN:
- 9780199835720
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195176758.003.0009
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Ruth Norman, who played the role of Uriel the Archangel, illustrates the power of charisma in a spiritual group. The death of a leader can affect the transition of authority as illustrated by several ...
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Ruth Norman, who played the role of Uriel the Archangel, illustrates the power of charisma in a spiritual group. The death of a leader can affect the transition of authority as illustrated by several examples (e.g., Theosophy, ISKCON, Spirit Fruit Company, among others). Max Weber’s theory of routinization of charisma indicates several possibilities for transition. The group coped with the death of Uriel and Antares through past-life therapy and channeling.Less
Ruth Norman, who played the role of Uriel the Archangel, illustrates the power of charisma in a spiritual group. The death of a leader can affect the transition of authority as illustrated by several examples (e.g., Theosophy, ISKCON, Spirit Fruit Company, among others). Max Weber’s theory of routinization of charisma indicates several possibilities for transition. The group coped with the death of Uriel and Antares through past-life therapy and channeling.
