Manuel Castells and Pekka Himanen
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199256990
- eISBN:
- 9780191698415
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199256990.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Information Technology
Silicon Valley has been considered as the model that societies must imitate to succeed in the information age. However, recently another alternative has attracted strong international interest: the ...
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Silicon Valley has been considered as the model that societies must imitate to succeed in the information age. However, recently another alternative has attracted strong international interest: the Finnish model. This is equally dynamic in technological and economic terms, but combines the information society with the welfare state. This book looks at what the Finnish model really is. The chapters analyse the factors that have enabled Nokia to become the world's leading telecommunications company, for example, and Linux to become the biggest challenger to Microsoft in the operating systems market. They discuss the development of Nokia and the Finnish innovation model, with important lessons for businesses and national technology policies. However, the Finnish model's most radical and interesting feature is its attempt to combine technological and economic success with social justice and equality. The book shows how Finland has uniquely created a ‘virtuous cycle’ out of the information society and the welfare state: the successful information society makes the continued financing of the welfare state possible and the welfare state generates well-educated people in good shape for the information society's continued success. This model has significant implications for all societies where policy debates about the information society and/or public policy are on the agenda. Ultimately, the Finnish model proves that there is no one model for the information age, but that there is room for different policies and values.Less
Silicon Valley has been considered as the model that societies must imitate to succeed in the information age. However, recently another alternative has attracted strong international interest: the Finnish model. This is equally dynamic in technological and economic terms, but combines the information society with the welfare state. This book looks at what the Finnish model really is. The chapters analyse the factors that have enabled Nokia to become the world's leading telecommunications company, for example, and Linux to become the biggest challenger to Microsoft in the operating systems market. They discuss the development of Nokia and the Finnish innovation model, with important lessons for businesses and national technology policies. However, the Finnish model's most radical and interesting feature is its attempt to combine technological and economic success with social justice and equality. The book shows how Finland has uniquely created a ‘virtuous cycle’ out of the information society and the welfare state: the successful information society makes the continued financing of the welfare state possible and the welfare state generates well-educated people in good shape for the information society's continued success. This model has significant implications for all societies where policy debates about the information society and/or public policy are on the agenda. Ultimately, the Finnish model proves that there is no one model for the information age, but that there is room for different policies and values.
William V. Rapp
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195148138
- eISBN:
- 9780199849376
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195148138.003.0012
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Information Technology
Good telecommunication systems, especially wireless telecommunications play no small part in the development of effective IT strategies. Nokia also incorporates the same totally integrated management ...
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Good telecommunication systems, especially wireless telecommunications play no small part in the development of effective IT strategies. Nokia also incorporates the same totally integrated management (TIM) in its operations as the ones used by other Level 3 IT users which is demonstrated through partnering strategies between clients and suppliers, compromising the standards of the open industry, and the supply chain management that the company uses on an international level. Because Nokia is one of the most successful players in the mobile telecommunications industry, this chapter concentrates on the strategies and technologies involved in how Nokia's products facilitate the strategies of leading IT users. Also, the chapter provides an account of Nokia's rise to success, and an examination of how IT is integrated within the company' demand and supply management system.Less
Good telecommunication systems, especially wireless telecommunications play no small part in the development of effective IT strategies. Nokia also incorporates the same totally integrated management (TIM) in its operations as the ones used by other Level 3 IT users which is demonstrated through partnering strategies between clients and suppliers, compromising the standards of the open industry, and the supply chain management that the company uses on an international level. Because Nokia is one of the most successful players in the mobile telecommunications industry, this chapter concentrates on the strategies and technologies involved in how Nokia's products facilitate the strategies of leading IT users. Also, the chapter provides an account of Nokia's rise to success, and an examination of how IT is integrated within the company' demand and supply management system.
Manuel Castells and Pekka Himanen
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199256990
- eISBN:
- 9780191698415
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199256990.003.0002
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Information Technology
Recently, industrial economies are shifting towards informationalisation. At the forefront of this trend are the financial markets that adopted innovations brought about by these changes. The growth ...
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Recently, industrial economies are shifting towards informationalisation. At the forefront of this trend are the financial markets that adopted innovations brought about by these changes. The growth of various industries, especially in the field of telecommunications has become one of the factors behind Finland's economic achievement. Another factor is the county's use of a network management model which is also discussed briefly in this chapter. One of the companies that contributed to Finland's development is Nokia, one of the local companies that became successful in the telecommunications industry. An analysis of the relationship between Nokia and Finland in terms of politics and economics is also included in the chapter. The chapter goes on to discuss the management strategies that Nokia used in order to become a successful telecommunications company.Less
Recently, industrial economies are shifting towards informationalisation. At the forefront of this trend are the financial markets that adopted innovations brought about by these changes. The growth of various industries, especially in the field of telecommunications has become one of the factors behind Finland's economic achievement. Another factor is the county's use of a network management model which is also discussed briefly in this chapter. One of the companies that contributed to Finland's development is Nokia, one of the local companies that became successful in the telecommunications industry. An analysis of the relationship between Nokia and Finland in terms of politics and economics is also included in the chapter. The chapter goes on to discuss the management strategies that Nokia used in order to become a successful telecommunications company.
Yves Doz and Keeley Wilson
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- November 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198777199
- eISBN:
- 9780191822988
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198777199.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History, Strategy
In less than three decades, Nokia emerged from Finland to lead the mobile phone revolution. It grew to have one of the most recognizable and valuable brands in the world and then fell into decline, ...
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In less than three decades, Nokia emerged from Finland to lead the mobile phone revolution. It grew to have one of the most recognizable and valuable brands in the world and then fell into decline, leading to the sale of its mobile phone business to Microsoft. This book explores and analyzes that journey and distills observations and lessons for anyone keen to understand what drove Nokia’s amazing success and sudden downfall. It is tempting to lay the blame for Nokia’s demise at the doors of Apple, Google, and Samsung, but this would be to ignore one very important fact: Nokia had begun to collapse from within well before any of these companies entered the mobile communications market, and this makes Nokia’s story all the more interesting. Observing from the position of privileged outsiders (with access to Nokia’s senior managers over the last twenty years and a more recent, concerted research agenda), this book describes and analyzes the various stages in Nokia’s journey. This is an inside story: one of leaders making strategic and organizational decisions, of their behavior and interactions, and of how they succeeded and failed to inspire and engage their employees. Perhaps most intriguingly, it is a story that opens the proverbial “black box” of why and how things actually happen at the top of organizations. Why did things fall apart? To what extent were avoidable mistakes made? Did the world around Nokia change too fast for it to adapt? Did Nokia’s success contain the seeds of its failure?Less
In less than three decades, Nokia emerged from Finland to lead the mobile phone revolution. It grew to have one of the most recognizable and valuable brands in the world and then fell into decline, leading to the sale of its mobile phone business to Microsoft. This book explores and analyzes that journey and distills observations and lessons for anyone keen to understand what drove Nokia’s amazing success and sudden downfall. It is tempting to lay the blame for Nokia’s demise at the doors of Apple, Google, and Samsung, but this would be to ignore one very important fact: Nokia had begun to collapse from within well before any of these companies entered the mobile communications market, and this makes Nokia’s story all the more interesting. Observing from the position of privileged outsiders (with access to Nokia’s senior managers over the last twenty years and a more recent, concerted research agenda), this book describes and analyzes the various stages in Nokia’s journey. This is an inside story: one of leaders making strategic and organizational decisions, of their behavior and interactions, and of how they succeeded and failed to inspire and engage their employees. Perhaps most intriguingly, it is a story that opens the proverbial “black box” of why and how things actually happen at the top of organizations. Why did things fall apart? To what extent were avoidable mistakes made? Did the world around Nokia change too fast for it to adapt? Did Nokia’s success contain the seeds of its failure?
Reijo Miettinen
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199692613
- eISBN:
- 9780191750762
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199692613.003.0005
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Innovation, Political Economy
Chapter 5 concludes that the rapid economic growth of Finland in the 1990s based on the rise of the ICT sector cannot be explained by an innovation policy. A more credible explanation is the ...
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Chapter 5 concludes that the rapid economic growth of Finland in the 1990s based on the rise of the ICT sector cannot be explained by an innovation policy. A more credible explanation is the combination of deregulation in the late 1980s and Nokia's decision to focus on the digital GMS technology a few years before the international market of cellular phones started to explode. In order to be performative and able to create social reality, a policy paradigm — such as national innovation system — needs to be complemented by relevant policy instruments and tools. During the 1990s and 2000s the measurement and comparison of innovative performance of countries or ‘efficiency’ of national innovation systems became a fundamental tool of making innovation policy. It is not, however, possible to derive concrete policy advices or policy instruments from these comparisons.Less
Chapter 5 concludes that the rapid economic growth of Finland in the 1990s based on the rise of the ICT sector cannot be explained by an innovation policy. A more credible explanation is the combination of deregulation in the late 1980s and Nokia's decision to focus on the digital GMS technology a few years before the international market of cellular phones started to explode. In order to be performative and able to create social reality, a policy paradigm — such as national innovation system — needs to be complemented by relevant policy instruments and tools. During the 1990s and 2000s the measurement and comparison of innovative performance of countries or ‘efficiency’ of national innovation systems became a fundamental tool of making innovation policy. It is not, however, possible to derive concrete policy advices or policy instruments from these comparisons.
Anne Sigismund Huff, Kathrin M. Moslein, and Ralf Reichwald (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262018494
- eISBN:
- 9780262312455
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262018494.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Knowledge Management
In today’s competitive globalized market, firms are increasingly reaching beyond conventional internal methods of research and development to use ideas developed through processes of open innovation ...
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In today’s competitive globalized market, firms are increasingly reaching beyond conventional internal methods of research and development to use ideas developed through processes of open innovation (OI). Organizations including Siemens, Nokia, Wikipedia, Hyve, and innosabi may launch elaborate OI initiatives, actively seeking partners to help them innovate in specific areas. Individuals affiliated by common interests rather than institutional ties use OI to develop new products, services, and solutions to meet unmet needs. This book describes the ways that OI expands the space for innovation, describing a range of OI practices, participants, and trends. The contributors come from practice and academe, and reflect international, cross-sector, and transdisciplinary perspectives. They report on a variety of OI initiatives, offer theoretical frameworks, and consider new arenas for OI from manufacturing to education.Less
In today’s competitive globalized market, firms are increasingly reaching beyond conventional internal methods of research and development to use ideas developed through processes of open innovation (OI). Organizations including Siemens, Nokia, Wikipedia, Hyve, and innosabi may launch elaborate OI initiatives, actively seeking partners to help them innovate in specific areas. Individuals affiliated by common interests rather than institutional ties use OI to develop new products, services, and solutions to meet unmet needs. This book describes the ways that OI expands the space for innovation, describing a range of OI practices, participants, and trends. The contributors come from practice and academe, and reflect international, cross-sector, and transdisciplinary perspectives. They report on a variety of OI initiatives, offer theoretical frameworks, and consider new arenas for OI from manufacturing to education.
Darius Ornston
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781501726101
- eISBN:
- 9781501726118
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501726101.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
Finland was among the most aggressive and successful countries in the world in converting traditional industrial policies into new innovation policies. This chapter identifies the specific ways in ...
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Finland was among the most aggressive and successful countries in the world in converting traditional industrial policies into new innovation policies. This chapter identifies the specific ways in which policymakers leveraged tight-knit networks to fundamentally restructure Finnish economic institutions. Together with entrepreneurial private sector actors, namely Nokia, they transformed Finland from one of the lowest technology economies in the OECD into one of the most research-intensive societies in the world. At the same time, the chapter reveals that Finland relied so heavily on technological innovation that it increased its vulnerability to adverse economic shocks, most notably the invention of the iPhone.Less
Finland was among the most aggressive and successful countries in the world in converting traditional industrial policies into new innovation policies. This chapter identifies the specific ways in which policymakers leveraged tight-knit networks to fundamentally restructure Finnish economic institutions. Together with entrepreneurial private sector actors, namely Nokia, they transformed Finland from one of the lowest technology economies in the OECD into one of the most research-intensive societies in the world. At the same time, the chapter reveals that Finland relied so heavily on technological innovation that it increased its vulnerability to adverse economic shocks, most notably the invention of the iPhone.
Seppo Honkapohja, Erkki A. Koskela, Willi Leibfritz, and Roope Uusitalo
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262012690
- eISBN:
- 9780262255394
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262012690.003.0114
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Econometrics
This chapter first discusses research and development in general, and then turns to the rapid growth of the information and communication technology (ICT) industry. It considers the phenomenal ...
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This chapter first discusses research and development in general, and then turns to the rapid growth of the information and communication technology (ICT) industry. It considers the phenomenal success of the Nokia Group and the major role it played in the Finnish growth process of the 1990s. However, the Finnish story is not only about Nokia; the chapter looks at the development and role of the larger Finnish ICT industry both over time and in comparison with some other countries.Less
This chapter first discusses research and development in general, and then turns to the rapid growth of the information and communication technology (ICT) industry. It considers the phenomenal success of the Nokia Group and the major role it played in the Finnish growth process of the 1990s. However, the Finnish story is not only about Nokia; the chapter looks at the development and role of the larger Finnish ICT industry both over time and in comparison with some other countries.
James E. Katz and Sophia Krzys Acord
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262113120
- eISBN:
- 9780262276818
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262113120.003.0030
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Technology and Society
This chapter focuses on the mobile gaming trend, along with the entertainment quotient of mobile phones. The introduction of the Snake game in mobiles by Nokia in 1997 was the start of the mobile ...
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This chapter focuses on the mobile gaming trend, along with the entertainment quotient of mobile phones. The introduction of the Snake game in mobiles by Nokia in 1997 was the start of the mobile game era, with the Asia Pacific region leading the world toward mobile gaming. The chapter presents a survey according to which women are likely to play an equal amount of mobile games as men, although there is a difference in download data. It shows an increase in the popularity of mobile gaming among people of every age group, although mobile gamers are more likely to be from a Hispanic, black, or Asian background. The chapter presents different categories of gamers, including hardcore gamers, causal gamers, and social gamers. Mobile TV, a new entertainment platform, is being tested on the commercial level, although people feel that it would hamper the primary use of the mobile, which is social interaction.Less
This chapter focuses on the mobile gaming trend, along with the entertainment quotient of mobile phones. The introduction of the Snake game in mobiles by Nokia in 1997 was the start of the mobile game era, with the Asia Pacific region leading the world toward mobile gaming. The chapter presents a survey according to which women are likely to play an equal amount of mobile games as men, although there is a difference in download data. It shows an increase in the popularity of mobile gaming among people of every age group, although mobile gamers are more likely to be from a Hispanic, black, or Asian background. The chapter presents different categories of gamers, including hardcore gamers, causal gamers, and social gamers. Mobile TV, a new entertainment platform, is being tested on the commercial level, although people feel that it would hamper the primary use of the mobile, which is social interaction.
Richard Whittington
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- April 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198738893
- eISBN:
- 9780191802072
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198738893.003.0007
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Strategy
This chapter examines the development of open strategy practices from the late 1990s. Open strategy involves greater transparency about strategy to internal and external audiences, and greater ...
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This chapter examines the development of open strategy practices from the late 1990s. Open strategy involves greater transparency about strategy to internal and external audiences, and greater inclusion for internal and external stakeholders. The contemporary rise of open strategy is supported by three exogenous forces: the dissolving of organizational boundaries internally and externally, a newly democratic working culture, and new technologies, especially social media. Nevertheless, open strategy’s development still involves two kinds of arduous and fallible institutional work: ‘rule-making’ and ‘resource-organizing’. As examples of the first, Gary Hamel’s Strategos Consulting promoted new kinds of democratic strategy norms, while corporates such as IBM developed internal openness through its jams. Under the second, new consulting firms were created such as Global Business Network, while established corporations such as Barclays Bank, Nokia, and Shell had to organize new kinds of participative strategy process.Less
This chapter examines the development of open strategy practices from the late 1990s. Open strategy involves greater transparency about strategy to internal and external audiences, and greater inclusion for internal and external stakeholders. The contemporary rise of open strategy is supported by three exogenous forces: the dissolving of organizational boundaries internally and externally, a newly democratic working culture, and new technologies, especially social media. Nevertheless, open strategy’s development still involves two kinds of arduous and fallible institutional work: ‘rule-making’ and ‘resource-organizing’. As examples of the first, Gary Hamel’s Strategos Consulting promoted new kinds of democratic strategy norms, while corporates such as IBM developed internal openness through its jams. Under the second, new consulting firms were created such as Global Business Network, while established corporations such as Barclays Bank, Nokia, and Shell had to organize new kinds of participative strategy process.
Keeley Wilson
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- November 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198777199
- eISBN:
- 9780191822988
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198777199.003.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History, Strategy
No large industrial company has ever grown as fast as Nokia did in the 1990s and few have fallen quite as rapidly: Nokia’s mobile phone business went from posting record results in 2007 to almost ...
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No large industrial company has ever grown as fast as Nokia did in the 1990s and few have fallen quite as rapidly: Nokia’s mobile phone business went from posting record results in 2007 to almost dragging the whole company into bankruptcy in 2012. The opening chapter sets the scene with a brief history of Nokia’s journey. Three different lines of theoretical reasoning which could explain Nokia’s decline are discussed: unavoidable Schumpeterian creative destruction, organizational evolution gone astray, and a failure of managerial volition. The CORE dimensions used in the analysis of each chapter are introduced: Cognition (what leaders saw, how they interpreted it, conclusions they drew, and decisions made); Organization (operational actions, managers’ responsibilities, and relationships in the firm); Relationships (interpersonal element of how leaders complement each other, how well they work together, and the ambitions they harbor); and Emotions (critical to the quality of strategic sense-making and collective commitment).Less
No large industrial company has ever grown as fast as Nokia did in the 1990s and few have fallen quite as rapidly: Nokia’s mobile phone business went from posting record results in 2007 to almost dragging the whole company into bankruptcy in 2012. The opening chapter sets the scene with a brief history of Nokia’s journey. Three different lines of theoretical reasoning which could explain Nokia’s decline are discussed: unavoidable Schumpeterian creative destruction, organizational evolution gone astray, and a failure of managerial volition. The CORE dimensions used in the analysis of each chapter are introduced: Cognition (what leaders saw, how they interpreted it, conclusions they drew, and decisions made); Organization (operational actions, managers’ responsibilities, and relationships in the firm); Relationships (interpersonal element of how leaders complement each other, how well they work together, and the ambitions they harbor); and Emotions (critical to the quality of strategic sense-making and collective commitment).
