Steven Weinberg
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195310726
- eISBN:
- 9780199785179
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195310726.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Steven Weinberg is a public intellectual and the best-selling author of The First Three Minutes: A Modern View of the Origin of the Universe, Dreams of a Final Theory: The Scientist’s Search for the ...
More
Steven Weinberg is a public intellectual and the best-selling author of The First Three Minutes: A Modern View of the Origin of the Universe, Dreams of a Final Theory: The Scientist’s Search for the Ultimate Laws of Nature, Glory and Terror: The Coming Nuclear Danger, and many other books. Weinberg is known for being an atheist and anti-religious, and for winning the Nobel Prize in physics for his electroweak interaction theory, showing how the weak nuclear interaction related to electromagnetism in 1979. Weinberg joined the small scientific army waging war on religion. His book, Dreams of a Final Theory, written to rally support for the supercollider, contains a powerful assault on God and religion, making one wonder about the connection.Less
Steven Weinberg is a public intellectual and the best-selling author of The First Three Minutes: A Modern View of the Origin of the Universe, Dreams of a Final Theory: The Scientist’s Search for the Ultimate Laws of Nature, Glory and Terror: The Coming Nuclear Danger, and many other books. Weinberg is known for being an atheist and anti-religious, and for winning the Nobel Prize in physics for his electroweak interaction theory, showing how the weak nuclear interaction related to electromagnetism in 1979. Weinberg joined the small scientific army waging war on religion. His book, Dreams of a Final Theory, written to rally support for the supercollider, contains a powerful assault on God and religion, making one wonder about the connection.
Gordon Fraser
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199208463
- eISBN:
- 9780191708954
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199208463.003.0015
- Subject:
- Physics, History of Physics
This chapter begins with the prestige of the Nobel Prize. It then describes Salam's receipt of the prize and the condemnation he received from his own country of Pakistan. It is argued that although ...
More
This chapter begins with the prestige of the Nobel Prize. It then describes Salam's receipt of the prize and the condemnation he received from his own country of Pakistan. It is argued that although Salam was a great scientist, as his Nobel Prize attests, he was greater as an organizer and achiever, but greatest as a voice, a conscience of justice, speaking for the advancement of science among the disinherited.Less
This chapter begins with the prestige of the Nobel Prize. It then describes Salam's receipt of the prize and the condemnation he received from his own country of Pakistan. It is argued that although Salam was a great scientist, as his Nobel Prize attests, he was greater as an organizer and achiever, but greatest as a voice, a conscience of justice, speaking for the advancement of science among the disinherited.
Georgina Ferry
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780197264812
- eISBN:
- 9780191754029
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264812.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This chapter focuses on Austrian-born molecular biologist Max Perutz (1914–2002). Perutz was one of twenty scientific refugees from continental Europe who went on to win Nobel Prizes. A chemist and ...
More
This chapter focuses on Austrian-born molecular biologist Max Perutz (1914–2002). Perutz was one of twenty scientific refugees from continental Europe who went on to win Nobel Prizes. A chemist and molecular biologist, he led the first successful attempt to discover the three-dimensional structure of protein molecules using X-ray crystallography, for which he shared the 1962 Nobel Prize. He was the founding chairman of the Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, an institution that continues to thrive and counts thirteen Nobel Prize-winners among those who have spent time in its laboratories. Although Perutz applied to the Society for the Protection of Science and Learning (SPSL) for funding, in the event he did not need their money. His case, however, offers an excellent example of the emotional and practical support SPSL's officers extended to all academics who found themselves in precarious situations in the years following the rise to power of the Nazis in Germany and their subsequent conquest or annexation of neighbouring countries.Less
This chapter focuses on Austrian-born molecular biologist Max Perutz (1914–2002). Perutz was one of twenty scientific refugees from continental Europe who went on to win Nobel Prizes. A chemist and molecular biologist, he led the first successful attempt to discover the three-dimensional structure of protein molecules using X-ray crystallography, for which he shared the 1962 Nobel Prize. He was the founding chairman of the Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, an institution that continues to thrive and counts thirteen Nobel Prize-winners among those who have spent time in its laboratories. Although Perutz applied to the Society for the Protection of Science and Learning (SPSL) for funding, in the event he did not need their money. His case, however, offers an excellent example of the emotional and practical support SPSL's officers extended to all academics who found themselves in precarious situations in the years following the rise to power of the Nazis in Germany and their subsequent conquest or annexation of neighbouring countries.
Martin Ceadel
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199571161
- eISBN:
- 9780191721762
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199571161.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory, International Relations and Politics
Sir Norman Angell, pioneer both of international relations as a distinct discipline and of the theory of globalization, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, and one of the 20th century's leading ...
More
Sir Norman Angell, pioneer both of international relations as a distinct discipline and of the theory of globalization, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, and one of the 20th century's leading internationalist campaigners on both sides of the Atlantic, lived the great illusion in three senses. First, his ‘life job’, as he came to call it, was founded upon and defined by The Great Illusion, a best-seller whose original version appeared in 1909: it perceptively showed how economic interdependence would prevent great powers profiting from war; yet it made other, less felicitous, claims from whose implications he spent decades trying to extricate himself. Second, his magnum opus and all his best work derived, to an extent unusual for a public intellectual, not from abstract thinking but from an eventful and varied life as a jobbing journalist in four countries, a cowboy, land-speculator, and gold-prospector in California, production manager of the continental edition of the Daily Mail, author, lecturer, pig farmer, Labour MP, entrepreneur, and campaigner for collective security. Third, he fostered many an enduring illusion about himself by at various times giving wrongly his age, name, nationality, marital status, key career dates, and core beliefs. By dint of careful detective work, this first biography of Angell reveals the truth about a remarkable life that has hitherto been much misrepresented and misinterpreted.Less
Sir Norman Angell, pioneer both of international relations as a distinct discipline and of the theory of globalization, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, and one of the 20th century's leading internationalist campaigners on both sides of the Atlantic, lived the great illusion in three senses. First, his ‘life job’, as he came to call it, was founded upon and defined by The Great Illusion, a best-seller whose original version appeared in 1909: it perceptively showed how economic interdependence would prevent great powers profiting from war; yet it made other, less felicitous, claims from whose implications he spent decades trying to extricate himself. Second, his magnum opus and all his best work derived, to an extent unusual for a public intellectual, not from abstract thinking but from an eventful and varied life as a jobbing journalist in four countries, a cowboy, land-speculator, and gold-prospector in California, production manager of the continental edition of the Daily Mail, author, lecturer, pig farmer, Labour MP, entrepreneur, and campaigner for collective security. Third, he fostered many an enduring illusion about himself by at various times giving wrongly his age, name, nationality, marital status, key career dates, and core beliefs. By dint of careful detective work, this first biography of Angell reveals the truth about a remarkable life that has hitherto been much misrepresented and misinterpreted.
JAGDISH MEHRA and KIMBALL A. MILTON
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198527459
- eISBN:
- 9780191709593
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198527459.003.0013
- Subject:
- Physics, History of Physics
As soon as Julian Schwinger burst upon the stage, one could hardly doubt that a Nobel Prize was in the offing. Certainly, after his solution of the problems of quantum electrodynamics in the late ...
More
As soon as Julian Schwinger burst upon the stage, one could hardly doubt that a Nobel Prize was in the offing. Certainly, after his solution of the problems of quantum electrodynamics in the late 1940s the award of the Nobel Prize was just a matter of time. Yet years passed with no news of the award. Clarice Schwinger, his devoted wife, described waiting for the Prize and thought he would get it soon after they got married. When it did not happen, she then decided Julian simply was not going to get it. This chapter looks at Schwinger's winning the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1965 and the attention he received afterwards, his Nobel lecture entitled ‘Relativistic quantum field theory’ delivered in December 1965, his development of the source theory as an alternative to the operator quantum field theory, source theory calculation of the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron, Schwinger's research on chiral symmetry, his influence on Steven Weinberg with regards to effective Lagrangians, and his last years as a professor at Harvard University.Less
As soon as Julian Schwinger burst upon the stage, one could hardly doubt that a Nobel Prize was in the offing. Certainly, after his solution of the problems of quantum electrodynamics in the late 1940s the award of the Nobel Prize was just a matter of time. Yet years passed with no news of the award. Clarice Schwinger, his devoted wife, described waiting for the Prize and thought he would get it soon after they got married. When it did not happen, she then decided Julian simply was not going to get it. This chapter looks at Schwinger's winning the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1965 and the attention he received afterwards, his Nobel lecture entitled ‘Relativistic quantum field theory’ delivered in December 1965, his development of the source theory as an alternative to the operator quantum field theory, source theory calculation of the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron, Schwinger's research on chiral symmetry, his influence on Steven Weinberg with regards to effective Lagrangians, and his last years as a professor at Harvard University.
Charles P. Enz
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198564799
- eISBN:
- 9780191713835
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198564799.003.0009
- Subject:
- Physics, History of Physics
This chapter begins with a description of Pauli’s stay in Princeton. It details his experiences in the U.S. during the Second World War, the papers he published, and his receipt of the Nobel Prize in ...
More
This chapter begins with a description of Pauli’s stay in Princeton. It details his experiences in the U.S. during the Second World War, the papers he published, and his receipt of the Nobel Prize in 1945.Less
This chapter begins with a description of Pauli’s stay in Princeton. It details his experiences in the U.S. during the Second World War, the papers he published, and his receipt of the Nobel Prize in 1945.
Gordon Fraser
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199208463
- eISBN:
- 9780191708954
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199208463.001.0001
- Subject:
- Physics, History of Physics
This book presents a biography of Abdus Salam, the first Muslim to win a Nobel Prize for Science (Physics 1979), who was nevertheless excommunicated and branded as a heretic in his own country. His ...
More
This book presents a biography of Abdus Salam, the first Muslim to win a Nobel Prize for Science (Physics 1979), who was nevertheless excommunicated and branded as a heretic in his own country. His achievements are often overlooked, even besmirched. Realizing that the whole world had to be his stage, he pioneered the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste, a vital focus of Third World science which remains as his monument. A staunch Muslim, he was ashamed of the decline of science in the heritage of Islam, and struggled doggedly to restore it to its former glory. Undermined by his excommunication, these valiant efforts were doomed.Less
This book presents a biography of Abdus Salam, the first Muslim to win a Nobel Prize for Science (Physics 1979), who was nevertheless excommunicated and branded as a heretic in his own country. His achievements are often overlooked, even besmirched. Realizing that the whole world had to be his stage, he pioneered the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste, a vital focus of Third World science which remains as his monument. A staunch Muslim, he was ashamed of the decline of science in the heritage of Islam, and struggled doggedly to restore it to its former glory. Undermined by his excommunication, these valiant efforts were doomed.
Gordon Fraser
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199208463
- eISBN:
- 9780191708954
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199208463.003.0001
- Subject:
- Physics, History of Physics
This chapter discusses the life of Abdus Salam. He was born in British India and was a subject of George V, who was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, and Emperor of India. In 1947, what ...
More
This chapter discusses the life of Abdus Salam. He was born in British India and was a subject of George V, who was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, and Emperor of India. In 1947, what had been British India was torn into two new nations — India, with a majority Hindu population, but with no official state religion, and a new Muslim country, Pakistan. Salam became a citizen of Pakistan while he was an undergraduate at Cambridge University. Among his achievements are setting up his International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, under the banner of the United Nations. He received the Nobel Prize in 1979, which he shared with American scientists Sheldon Glashow and Steven Weinberg.Less
This chapter discusses the life of Abdus Salam. He was born in British India and was a subject of George V, who was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, and Emperor of India. In 1947, what had been British India was torn into two new nations — India, with a majority Hindu population, but with no official state religion, and a new Muslim country, Pakistan. Salam became a citizen of Pakistan while he was an undergraduate at Cambridge University. Among his achievements are setting up his International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, under the banner of the United Nations. He received the Nobel Prize in 1979, which he shared with American scientists Sheldon Glashow and Steven Weinberg.
Graeme K. Hunter
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198529217
- eISBN:
- 9780191712937
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198529217.003.0004
- Subject:
- Physics, History of Physics
This chapter focuses on the life of William Lawrence Bragg during World War I. It begins with a description of Bragg's military career. It then describes his receipt of the Nobel Prize in 1915. The ...
More
This chapter focuses on the life of William Lawrence Bragg during World War I. It begins with a description of Bragg's military career. It then describes his receipt of the Nobel Prize in 1915. The magnitude of this achievement is perhaps best shown by the fact that Bragg received the Nobel Prize in Physics before Albert Einstein, who had already interpreted the photoelectric effect and developed the special theory of relativity, and before Max Planck, who had already done the work on black-body radiation that initiated the quantum revolution.Less
This chapter focuses on the life of William Lawrence Bragg during World War I. It begins with a description of Bragg's military career. It then describes his receipt of the Nobel Prize in 1915. The magnitude of this achievement is perhaps best shown by the fact that Bragg received the Nobel Prize in Physics before Albert Einstein, who had already interpreted the photoelectric effect and developed the special theory of relativity, and before Max Planck, who had already done the work on black-body radiation that initiated the quantum revolution.
Peter Mansfield
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199664542
- eISBN:
- 9780191758461
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199664542.003.0013
- Subject:
- Physics, Soft Matter / Biological Physics, History of Physics
The American Journal “Diagnostic Imaging” speculated about who might be awarded the Nobel Prize for magnetic resonance imaging in 1993. Many people were canvassed for there views in the States and ...
More
The American Journal “Diagnostic Imaging” speculated about who might be awarded the Nobel Prize for magnetic resonance imaging in 1993. Many people were canvassed for there views in the States and Europe including Paul Lauterbur and Raymond Damadian. Both Brian Worthington and the author declined to comment. With the passage of time interest and speculation waned and the whole episode was forgotten. He had retired in 1994 but was concentrating on acoustic problems. Following the initial stir of interest in the Nobel further interest had largely been forgotten. For the New Millennium they celebrated with the family at Stapleford Park Country Hotel. One year later he was diagnosed with prostate cancer. Fortunately following a radical prostatectomy, all seems to be well. Efforts in quiet gradient technology intensified. However, on 5 October 2003 he was informed that the Nobel Committee had awarded him and Lauterbur with the Nobel Prize in Medicine. After the shock and excitement they prepared for the trip to Stockholm later in October. A week or so before leaving, Damadian published a two page advertisement in the Times, saying why he should be awarded the Nobel. A translation of this appeared in the Swedish Newspaper the Dagens Nyhetter, timed to appear on the very day of the Nobel Lectures. The week was packed with interesting events and parties culminating with the official Award presentation/ceremony made by King Carl Gustaf. This was followed by a scrumptious meal in the Reception Hall of the Town Hall. The following day, their two daughters left for home. They visited the University of Upsala, met an old friend then returned to Stockholm for a very grand reception and dinner at the royal palace. While there they met personally with Queen Silvia and the King. They returned to England the following day.Less
The American Journal “Diagnostic Imaging” speculated about who might be awarded the Nobel Prize for magnetic resonance imaging in 1993. Many people were canvassed for there views in the States and Europe including Paul Lauterbur and Raymond Damadian. Both Brian Worthington and the author declined to comment. With the passage of time interest and speculation waned and the whole episode was forgotten. He had retired in 1994 but was concentrating on acoustic problems. Following the initial stir of interest in the Nobel further interest had largely been forgotten. For the New Millennium they celebrated with the family at Stapleford Park Country Hotel. One year later he was diagnosed with prostate cancer. Fortunately following a radical prostatectomy, all seems to be well. Efforts in quiet gradient technology intensified. However, on 5 October 2003 he was informed that the Nobel Committee had awarded him and Lauterbur with the Nobel Prize in Medicine. After the shock and excitement they prepared for the trip to Stockholm later in October. A week or so before leaving, Damadian published a two page advertisement in the Times, saying why he should be awarded the Nobel. A translation of this appeared in the Swedish Newspaper the Dagens Nyhetter, timed to appear on the very day of the Nobel Lectures. The week was packed with interesting events and parties culminating with the official Award presentation/ceremony made by King Carl Gustaf. This was followed by a scrumptious meal in the Reception Hall of the Town Hall. The following day, their two daughters left for home. They visited the University of Upsala, met an old friend then returned to Stockholm for a very grand reception and dinner at the royal palace. While there they met personally with Queen Silvia and the King. They returned to England the following day.
Tim Bollerslev, Jeffrey Russell, and Mark Watson (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199549498
- eISBN:
- 9780191720567
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199549498.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Econometrics
Robert Engle received the Nobel Prize for Economics in 2003 for his work in time series econometrics. This book contains 16 original research contributions by some of the leading academic researchers ...
More
Robert Engle received the Nobel Prize for Economics in 2003 for his work in time series econometrics. This book contains 16 original research contributions by some of the leading academic researchers in the fields of time series econometrics, forecasting, volatility modelling, financial econometrics and urban economics, along with historical perspectives related to the field of time series econometrics more generally. Engle's Nobel Prize citation focuses on his path-breaking work on autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH), and the profound effect that this work has had on the field of financial econometrics. Several of the chapters focus on conditional heteroskedasticity, and develop the ideas of Engle's Nobel Prize-winning work. Engle's work has had its most profound effect on the modelling of financial variables, and several of the chapters use newly developed time series methods to study the behaviour of financial variables. Each of the 16 chapters may be read in isolation, but they all build on and relate to the seminal work by Nobel Laureate Robert F. Engle.Less
Robert Engle received the Nobel Prize for Economics in 2003 for his work in time series econometrics. This book contains 16 original research contributions by some of the leading academic researchers in the fields of time series econometrics, forecasting, volatility modelling, financial econometrics and urban economics, along with historical perspectives related to the field of time series econometrics more generally. Engle's Nobel Prize citation focuses on his path-breaking work on autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH), and the profound effect that this work has had on the field of financial econometrics. Several of the chapters focus on conditional heteroskedasticity, and develop the ideas of Engle's Nobel Prize-winning work. Engle's work has had its most profound effect on the modelling of financial variables, and several of the chapters use newly developed time series methods to study the behaviour of financial variables. Each of the 16 chapters may be read in isolation, but they all build on and relate to the seminal work by Nobel Laureate Robert F. Engle.
Graeme K. Hunter
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198529217
- eISBN:
- 9780191712937
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198529217.001.0001
- Subject:
- Physics, History of Physics
This book is a biography of William Lawrence Bragg, who was only twenty-five when he won the 1915 Nobel Prize in physics — the youngest person ever to win a Nobel Prize. It describes how Bragg ...
More
This book is a biography of William Lawrence Bragg, who was only twenty-five when he won the 1915 Nobel Prize in physics — the youngest person ever to win a Nobel Prize. It describes how Bragg discovered the use of X-rays to determine the arrangement of atoms in crystals and his pivotal role in developing this technique to the point that structures of the most complex molecules known to man — the proteins and nucleic acids — could be solved. Although Bragg's Nobel Prize was for physics, his research profoundly affected chemistry and the new field of molecular biology, of which he became a founding figure — he was director of the research department where Crick and Watson discovered the structure of DNA. He held a number of important scientific posts, including Cavendish Professor of Experimental Physics at Cambridge University and Director of the Royal Institution of Great Britain. This book explains how these revolutionary scientific events occurred while Bragg struggled to emerge from the shadow of his father, Sir William Bragg, and amidst a career-long rivalry with the brilliant American chemist, Linus Pauling.Less
This book is a biography of William Lawrence Bragg, who was only twenty-five when he won the 1915 Nobel Prize in physics — the youngest person ever to win a Nobel Prize. It describes how Bragg discovered the use of X-rays to determine the arrangement of atoms in crystals and his pivotal role in developing this technique to the point that structures of the most complex molecules known to man — the proteins and nucleic acids — could be solved. Although Bragg's Nobel Prize was for physics, his research profoundly affected chemistry and the new field of molecular biology, of which he became a founding figure — he was director of the research department where Crick and Watson discovered the structure of DNA. He held a number of important scientific posts, including Cavendish Professor of Experimental Physics at Cambridge University and Director of the Royal Institution of Great Britain. This book explains how these revolutionary scientific events occurred while Bragg struggled to emerge from the shadow of his father, Sir William Bragg, and amidst a career-long rivalry with the brilliant American chemist, Linus Pauling.
John Jenkin
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199235209
- eISBN:
- 9780191715631
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199235209.003.00018
- Subject:
- Physics, History of Physics
Wartime Nobel Prizes were honoured in Sweden in 1920, but William declined because ‘several Germans are going’. Lawrence returned to Cambridge, met Alice Hopkinson, but was appointed to succeed ...
More
Wartime Nobel Prizes were honoured in Sweden in 1920, but William declined because ‘several Germans are going’. Lawrence returned to Cambridge, met Alice Hopkinson, but was appointed to succeed Rutherford in Manchester, where staff and returned students were hostile. Things improved in 1921: Lawrence was elected FRS, became engaged to Alice, and teaching and research blossomed. The ‘Manchester School’ of X-ray analysis was formed, with the Bragg-James-Bosanquet collaboration at its centre. Lawrence concentrated on inorganic materials, while William began to examine organic crystals. William rebuilt his department from the ashes of war, gathered a formidable research team, and lectured widely, becoming the voice of science in Britain. He returned to the nature of radiation and was delighted when Arthur Compton, persuaded by one of William's Adelaide and Leeds' students, showed conclusively that it had both wave and particle characteristics.Less
Wartime Nobel Prizes were honoured in Sweden in 1920, but William declined because ‘several Germans are going’. Lawrence returned to Cambridge, met Alice Hopkinson, but was appointed to succeed Rutherford in Manchester, where staff and returned students were hostile. Things improved in 1921: Lawrence was elected FRS, became engaged to Alice, and teaching and research blossomed. The ‘Manchester School’ of X-ray analysis was formed, with the Bragg-James-Bosanquet collaboration at its centre. Lawrence concentrated on inorganic materials, while William began to examine organic crystals. William rebuilt his department from the ashes of war, gathered a formidable research team, and lectured widely, becoming the voice of science in Britain. He returned to the nature of radiation and was delighted when Arthur Compton, persuaded by one of William's Adelaide and Leeds' students, showed conclusively that it had both wave and particle characteristics.
Joel Williamson
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195101294
- eISBN:
- 9780199854233
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195101294.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
It was the year 1929 in which the first of William Faulkner's great novels, The Sound and The Fury, was published. It was also the year in which he married Estelle Oldham and thereby, reentered ...
More
It was the year 1929 in which the first of William Faulkner's great novels, The Sound and The Fury, was published. It was also the year in which he married Estelle Oldham and thereby, reentered Oxford's tight little world. Both events marked the beginning of a phase of his life that culminated with his taking the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1950. Returning to Oxford in the fall, Faulkner moved his family of four into a sufficient, high-ceilinged, first floor apartment in a large house belonging to Miss Elma Meek at 803 University Avenue. The family needed money immediately, and he took a job as the night supervisor at the university's power plant.Less
It was the year 1929 in which the first of William Faulkner's great novels, The Sound and The Fury, was published. It was also the year in which he married Estelle Oldham and thereby, reentered Oxford's tight little world. Both events marked the beginning of a phase of his life that culminated with his taking the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1950. Returning to Oxford in the fall, Faulkner moved his family of four into a sufficient, high-ceilinged, first floor apartment in a large house belonging to Miss Elma Meek at 803 University Avenue. The family needed money immediately, and he took a job as the night supervisor at the university's power plant.
John Jenkin
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199235209
- eISBN:
- 9780191715631
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199235209.003.00019
- Subject:
- Physics, History of Physics
William moved to the Royal Institution (Ri), finding contentment in its unique atmosphere. He pioneered radio science broadcasts and oversaw continuing research. Gwendoline died in 1929, but ...
More
William moved to the Royal Institution (Ri), finding contentment in its unique atmosphere. He pioneered radio science broadcasts and oversaw continuing research. Gwendoline died in 1929, but William's grief was tempered by his daughter's acceptance of her Ri role. Awarded the OM and the Copley Medal and Presidency of the Royal Society during the dark days of 1935-40, William died in 1942. Lawrence moved briefly to the NPL before succeeding Rutherford in the Cavendish Laboratory. He reorganized it and introduced new fields. Although some regretted the passing of the ‘fundamental physics’ focus, Lawrence's vision was affirmed by Nobel Prize awards to Perutz and Kendrew, Crick and Watson (with Wilkins), and Ryle. Lawrence was then persuaded to accept Directorship of the Royal Institution, which he reinvigorated. These last two chapters also give attention to the severe criticisms ranged against him; although Lawrence was very widely honoured by the Queen, the Nobel Foundation, the Royal Society, and the British public. He died in 1971.Less
William moved to the Royal Institution (Ri), finding contentment in its unique atmosphere. He pioneered radio science broadcasts and oversaw continuing research. Gwendoline died in 1929, but William's grief was tempered by his daughter's acceptance of her Ri role. Awarded the OM and the Copley Medal and Presidency of the Royal Society during the dark days of 1935-40, William died in 1942. Lawrence moved briefly to the NPL before succeeding Rutherford in the Cavendish Laboratory. He reorganized it and introduced new fields. Although some regretted the passing of the ‘fundamental physics’ focus, Lawrence's vision was affirmed by Nobel Prize awards to Perutz and Kendrew, Crick and Watson (with Wilkins), and Ryle. Lawrence was then persuaded to accept Directorship of the Royal Institution, which he reinvigorated. These last two chapters also give attention to the severe criticisms ranged against him; although Lawrence was very widely honoured by the Queen, the Nobel Foundation, the Royal Society, and the British public. He died in 1971.
Edward Morris
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231170543
- eISBN:
- 9780231540506
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231170543.003.0009
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History
The chapter traces the major role of Myron Scholes in the development of investment derivatives.
The chapter traces the major role of Myron Scholes in the development of investment derivatives.
Brigid Haines and Lyn Marven (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199654642
- eISBN:
- 9780191760143
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199654642.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism, European Literature
This volume is a critical companion to the works of Herta Müller, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2009. Müller (1953-) is a Romanian-German novelist, essayist and producer of collages ...
More
This volume is a critical companion to the works of Herta Müller, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2009. Müller (1953-) is a Romanian-German novelist, essayist and producer of collages whose work has been compared with that of W.G. Sebald and Franz Kafka. The Nobel Committee described her as a writer ‘who, with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, depicts the landscape of the dispossessed’. In works such as Niederungen (Nadirs), Herztier (The Land of Green Plums), Reisende auf einem Bein (Traveling on One Leg), and Atemschaukel (The Hunger Angel), all written in German but translated worldwide, Müller addresses vital contemporary issues such as dictatorship, migration, memory, and the ongoing legacy of fascist and communist rule in Europe. Her works are written in a rich, poetic language which imbues them with great power and depth. They exceed national boundaries and have universal appeal; they speak to a global audience attuned to political oppression and its lasting effects. This volume, containing contributions by an international team of scholars, introduces the work of one of Europe’s foremost contemporary writers to a world audience. Individual chapters deal with Müller’s major works and her volumes of collages. Other chapters explore her poetics and the Romanian background as well as themes, such as gender and life writing, running throughout her work, and her worldwide reception through the media and the medium of translation.Less
This volume is a critical companion to the works of Herta Müller, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2009. Müller (1953-) is a Romanian-German novelist, essayist and producer of collages whose work has been compared with that of W.G. Sebald and Franz Kafka. The Nobel Committee described her as a writer ‘who, with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, depicts the landscape of the dispossessed’. In works such as Niederungen (Nadirs), Herztier (The Land of Green Plums), Reisende auf einem Bein (Traveling on One Leg), and Atemschaukel (The Hunger Angel), all written in German but translated worldwide, Müller addresses vital contemporary issues such as dictatorship, migration, memory, and the ongoing legacy of fascist and communist rule in Europe. Her works are written in a rich, poetic language which imbues them with great power and depth. They exceed national boundaries and have universal appeal; they speak to a global audience attuned to political oppression and its lasting effects. This volume, containing contributions by an international team of scholars, introduces the work of one of Europe’s foremost contemporary writers to a world audience. Individual chapters deal with Müller’s major works and her volumes of collages. Other chapters explore her poetics and the Romanian background as well as themes, such as gender and life writing, running throughout her work, and her worldwide reception through the media and the medium of translation.
James B. Carothers
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781617032561
- eISBN:
- 9781617032578
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781617032561.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
By the time William Faulkner was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1950, critics who initially could not understand his textual experiments had hit their stride. This chapter argues that ...
More
By the time William Faulkner was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1950, critics who initially could not understand his textual experiments had hit their stride. This chapter argues that critics then and now have often cast doubt at Faulkner’s optimism and faith in the endeavor of humanity that he expressed in his acceptance speech. It examines the ostensible irony and possible cynicism in Faulkner’s later works, including Go Down, Moses (1942) and A Fable (1950), in light of the affirmative outlook of his Nobel Prize address. The chapter analyzes the biographical and literary historical contexts of the speech, suggesting that Faulkner sincerely holds the beliefs that he expresses, and also emphasizes an important point: that Faulkner, the man, must be separated from Faulkner, the author. Finally, it discusses how the text of Faulkner’s famous speech, particularly the enunciation and the language itself, displaces him and opens up a rich network of intertextuality between his speech and his novels.Less
By the time William Faulkner was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1950, critics who initially could not understand his textual experiments had hit their stride. This chapter argues that critics then and now have often cast doubt at Faulkner’s optimism and faith in the endeavor of humanity that he expressed in his acceptance speech. It examines the ostensible irony and possible cynicism in Faulkner’s later works, including Go Down, Moses (1942) and A Fable (1950), in light of the affirmative outlook of his Nobel Prize address. The chapter analyzes the biographical and literary historical contexts of the speech, suggesting that Faulkner sincerely holds the beliefs that he expresses, and also emphasizes an important point: that Faulkner, the man, must be separated from Faulkner, the author. Finally, it discusses how the text of Faulkner’s famous speech, particularly the enunciation and the language itself, displaces him and opens up a rich network of intertextuality between his speech and his novels.
Gordon Ball
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781617031564
- eISBN:
- 9781617031571
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781617031564.003.0013
- Subject:
- Literature, Poetry
In his 1895 will, Alfred Nobel specified that in literature the work must be “the most outstanding...of an idealistic tendency”; and that “during the preceding year” the honoree must “have conferred ...
More
In his 1895 will, Alfred Nobel specified that in literature the work must be “the most outstanding...of an idealistic tendency”; and that “during the preceding year” the honoree must “have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind.” Emphasis is placed on outstanding idealism and work that benefits mankind. This chapter examines the criteria used in awarding the Nobel Prize in Literature and argues that Bob Dylan deserves to be a recipient in light of his activism in early 1960s civil rights, antiwar songs, and beyond. It examines the debate on whether a literary prize can be given to a songwriter such as Dylan, and notes that Laureates Rabindranath Tagore and W. B. Yeats have addressed the connections between music and poetry.Less
In his 1895 will, Alfred Nobel specified that in literature the work must be “the most outstanding...of an idealistic tendency”; and that “during the preceding year” the honoree must “have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind.” Emphasis is placed on outstanding idealism and work that benefits mankind. This chapter examines the criteria used in awarding the Nobel Prize in Literature and argues that Bob Dylan deserves to be a recipient in light of his activism in early 1960s civil rights, antiwar songs, and beyond. It examines the debate on whether a literary prize can be given to a songwriter such as Dylan, and notes that Laureates Rabindranath Tagore and W. B. Yeats have addressed the connections between music and poetry.
Peter Mansfield
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199664542
- eISBN:
- 9780191758461
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199664542.001.0001
- Subject:
- Physics, Soft Matter / Biological Physics, History of Physics
This book describes the author's life from the age of 5 in 1939 through to 2010. The first chapter describes his evacuation to Devon during the blitz and following the V1 and V2 attacks on London. At ...
More
This book describes the author's life from the age of 5 in 1939 through to 2010. The first chapter describes his evacuation to Devon during the blitz and following the V1 and V2 attacks on London. At the end of hostilities he worked briefly in the printing industry but decided to pursue his real interests in science by joining the Rocket Propulsion Department at Westcott near Aylesbury. Following National Service and University he married and went to the USA for 2 years returning in 1964 as a Lecturer in Physics at the University of Nottingham. In 1972 he spent a sabbatical period in Heidleberg. During this period he interacted with his student, Peter Grannell, in Nottingham on the then novel idea of magnetic resonance imaging which led to his first paper on MRI presented at the first Specialised Colloque Ampère held in Krakow in 1973. Later in 1975 he met Godfrey Hounsfield, inventor of the CT scanner, at the EMI Central Research Laboratories in Hayes, Middlesex. This meeting sparked of an interest leading to EMI producing their own MRI scanner. In 1980-82 other MRI groups at Nottingham, led by Professor Andrew and Dr Moore, left Nottingham to set up in the U.S.A. This exodus left him free to steam on with his group's developments of high speed imaging. These were the Golden Years in MRI at Nottingham. In 1987 a new Vice Chancellor, Colin Campbell took over the running of the University of Nottingham. He was extremely helpful to him in their acquiring a new building dedicated to their work with MRI. In the early 90's there was considerable speculation about whether there should be a Nobel Prize in MRI. This speculation was initiated in the U.S.A by the Journal “Diagnostic Imaging”. But interest soon faded. Further developments in MRI led finally to a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2003 awarded jointly with Paul Lauterbur. There were some antagonisims to MRI especially from Raymond Damadian, but these were settled or ignored. New ideas for reducing acoustic noise were explored and a 50 dB reduction achieved on a rectangular plate construction. However, on a circular gradient coil system, the best noise reduction achieved was around 30 dB. His two brothers, Conrad and Sidney together with a number of friends and colleagues central to his progress in MRI, are included in the Epilogue.Less
This book describes the author's life from the age of 5 in 1939 through to 2010. The first chapter describes his evacuation to Devon during the blitz and following the V1 and V2 attacks on London. At the end of hostilities he worked briefly in the printing industry but decided to pursue his real interests in science by joining the Rocket Propulsion Department at Westcott near Aylesbury. Following National Service and University he married and went to the USA for 2 years returning in 1964 as a Lecturer in Physics at the University of Nottingham. In 1972 he spent a sabbatical period in Heidleberg. During this period he interacted with his student, Peter Grannell, in Nottingham on the then novel idea of magnetic resonance imaging which led to his first paper on MRI presented at the first Specialised Colloque Ampère held in Krakow in 1973. Later in 1975 he met Godfrey Hounsfield, inventor of the CT scanner, at the EMI Central Research Laboratories in Hayes, Middlesex. This meeting sparked of an interest leading to EMI producing their own MRI scanner. In 1980-82 other MRI groups at Nottingham, led by Professor Andrew and Dr Moore, left Nottingham to set up in the U.S.A. This exodus left him free to steam on with his group's developments of high speed imaging. These were the Golden Years in MRI at Nottingham. In 1987 a new Vice Chancellor, Colin Campbell took over the running of the University of Nottingham. He was extremely helpful to him in their acquiring a new building dedicated to their work with MRI. In the early 90's there was considerable speculation about whether there should be a Nobel Prize in MRI. This speculation was initiated in the U.S.A by the Journal “Diagnostic Imaging”. But interest soon faded. Further developments in MRI led finally to a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2003 awarded jointly with Paul Lauterbur. There were some antagonisims to MRI especially from Raymond Damadian, but these were settled or ignored. New ideas for reducing acoustic noise were explored and a 50 dB reduction achieved on a rectangular plate construction. However, on a circular gradient coil system, the best noise reduction achieved was around 30 dB. His two brothers, Conrad and Sidney together with a number of friends and colleagues central to his progress in MRI, are included in the Epilogue.
