Robert Peterson
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195076370
- eISBN:
- 9780199853786
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195076370.003.0059
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This chapter describes a view that recognition should be afforded to the great stars of Negro baseball at the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in Cooperstown, New York. The chapter states ...
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This chapter describes a view that recognition should be afforded to the great stars of Negro baseball at the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in Cooperstown, New York. The chapter states the arguments that may be made not to support such recognition including the lack of records and experience with major league players of Negro clubs. Nonetheless, the chapter presents answers to these arguments with humor. The chapter also provides a mechanism to determine the number of Negros who may be added by means of percentage and also a way to determine who may be included in the Hall of Fame. The chapter expresses a desire for Negro baseball players to be recognized albeit belatedly for their contributions in baseball history.Less
This chapter describes a view that recognition should be afforded to the great stars of Negro baseball at the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in Cooperstown, New York. The chapter states the arguments that may be made not to support such recognition including the lack of records and experience with major league players of Negro clubs. Nonetheless, the chapter presents answers to these arguments with humor. The chapter also provides a mechanism to determine the number of Negros who may be added by means of percentage and also a way to determine who may be included in the Hall of Fame. The chapter expresses a desire for Negro baseball players to be recognized albeit belatedly for their contributions in baseball history.
Laila Haidarali
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781479875108
- eISBN:
- 9781479865499
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479875108.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
Between the Harlem Renaissance and the end of World War II, a discourse that privileged a representative ideal of brown beauty womanhood emerged as one expression of race, class, and women’s status ...
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Between the Harlem Renaissance and the end of World War II, a discourse that privileged a representative ideal of brown beauty womanhood emerged as one expression of race, class, and women’s status in the modern nation. This discourse on brown beauty accrued great cultural currency across the interwar years as it appeared in diverse and multiple forms. Studying artwork and photography; commercial and consumer-oriented advertising; and literature, poetry, and sociological works, this book analyzes African American print culture with a central interest in women’s social history. It explores the diffuse ways that brownness impinged on socially mobile New Negro women in the urban environment during the interwar years and shows how the discourse was constructed as a self-regulating guide directed at an aspiring middle class. By tracing brown’s changing meanings and showing how a visual language of brown grew into a dynamic racial shorthand used to denote modern African American womanhood, Brown Beauty works to unpack a set of intertwined values and judgments, compromises and contradictions, adjustments and resistances, that were fused into social valuations of women.Less
Between the Harlem Renaissance and the end of World War II, a discourse that privileged a representative ideal of brown beauty womanhood emerged as one expression of race, class, and women’s status in the modern nation. This discourse on brown beauty accrued great cultural currency across the interwar years as it appeared in diverse and multiple forms. Studying artwork and photography; commercial and consumer-oriented advertising; and literature, poetry, and sociological works, this book analyzes African American print culture with a central interest in women’s social history. It explores the diffuse ways that brownness impinged on socially mobile New Negro women in the urban environment during the interwar years and shows how the discourse was constructed as a self-regulating guide directed at an aspiring middle class. By tracing brown’s changing meanings and showing how a visual language of brown grew into a dynamic racial shorthand used to denote modern African American womanhood, Brown Beauty works to unpack a set of intertwined values and judgments, compromises and contradictions, adjustments and resistances, that were fused into social valuations of women.
William R. Ryan
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195387285
- eISBN:
- 9780199775774
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195387285.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter closely examines the dramatic moments leading up to Jeremiah's trial, hanging, and public incineration by Charles Town patriots. The chapter argues that the pilot became embroiled in a ...
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This chapter closely examines the dramatic moments leading up to Jeremiah's trial, hanging, and public incineration by Charles Town patriots. The chapter argues that the pilot became embroiled in a power struggle between the last royal governor of South Carolina, Lord William Campbell, and the wealthy patriot planter Henry Laurens. Enmeshed in a three‐way tug of war, the boatman would eventually pay the ultimate price. On Friday, August 18, 1775, at noon, Jeremiah was brought before the gallows. Before the noose could be tightened around his neck, he boldly proclaimed his innocence, telling his accusers that one day, “God's judgment would … overtake them for shedding his innocent blood.” While the rest of spectacle is difficult to piece together, “Jerry” reportedly met death “like a man and a Christian.” After he was asphyxiated, his remains were set on fire—as both a reminder and a warning. “Surely,” one contemporary concluded, “there is no murder so cruel and dangerous as that committed under the appearance of law and justice.”Less
This chapter closely examines the dramatic moments leading up to Jeremiah's trial, hanging, and public incineration by Charles Town patriots. The chapter argues that the pilot became embroiled in a power struggle between the last royal governor of South Carolina, Lord William Campbell, and the wealthy patriot planter Henry Laurens. Enmeshed in a three‐way tug of war, the boatman would eventually pay the ultimate price. On Friday, August 18, 1775, at noon, Jeremiah was brought before the gallows. Before the noose could be tightened around his neck, he boldly proclaimed his innocence, telling his accusers that one day, “God's judgment would … overtake them for shedding his innocent blood.” While the rest of spectacle is difficult to piece together, “Jerry” reportedly met death “like a man and a Christian.” After he was asphyxiated, his remains were set on fire—as both a reminder and a warning. “Surely,” one contemporary concluded, “there is no murder so cruel and dangerous as that committed under the appearance of law and justice.”
THELMA WILLS FOOTE
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195165371
- eISBN:
- 9780199871735
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195165371.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter reveals that, by the 1740s, interracial socializing among colonial New York City's subaltern population of enslaved blacks, propertyless white servants, and transients troubled ruling ...
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This chapter reveals that, by the 1740s, interracial socializing among colonial New York City's subaltern population of enslaved blacks, propertyless white servants, and transients troubled ruling elite and its binary racial division of society. It explains that with the additional threat of an impending Spanish invasion, the aggravation of an unsolved crime wave, and the outbreak of a mysterious rash of fire during the winter of 1741-42, fear of the city's dangerous classes crystallized in the discovery of the “plot of 1741-42,” an alleged conspiracy among enslaved blacks and several white outsiders accused of plotting together in secret to overthrow English rule, murder the city's white male settler population, enslave white females in harems, and establish a “Negro regime” under the protection of Catholic Spain.Less
This chapter reveals that, by the 1740s, interracial socializing among colonial New York City's subaltern population of enslaved blacks, propertyless white servants, and transients troubled ruling elite and its binary racial division of society. It explains that with the additional threat of an impending Spanish invasion, the aggravation of an unsolved crime wave, and the outbreak of a mysterious rash of fire during the winter of 1741-42, fear of the city's dangerous classes crystallized in the discovery of the “plot of 1741-42,” an alleged conspiracy among enslaved blacks and several white outsiders accused of plotting together in secret to overthrow English rule, murder the city's white male settler population, enslave white females in harems, and establish a “Negro regime” under the protection of Catholic Spain.
Curtis J. Evans
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195328189
- eISBN:
- 9780199870028
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195328189.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
W. E. B. Bu Bois and other black leaders played a crucial role in the creation of the “Negro Church.” By using the language and tools of the social sciences, black intellectuals and leaders hoped to ...
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W. E. B. Bu Bois and other black leaders played a crucial role in the creation of the “Negro Church.” By using the language and tools of the social sciences, black intellectuals and leaders hoped to incite and urge the black churches to use their resources to assist and uplift a people downtrodden by racism and economic oppression. Instrumentalists, those who wanted to use the church as a means or instrument for other ends (besides religion), came to dominate interpretations of black religion among African American leaders. Although Du Bois initially hoped to provide detailed local studies of black churches, his long‐term legacy (and that of other black leaders) was to foster longstanding debates about whether the “Black Church” supported or undermined a racist status quo.Less
W. E. B. Bu Bois and other black leaders played a crucial role in the creation of the “Negro Church.” By using the language and tools of the social sciences, black intellectuals and leaders hoped to incite and urge the black churches to use their resources to assist and uplift a people downtrodden by racism and economic oppression. Instrumentalists, those who wanted to use the church as a means or instrument for other ends (besides religion), came to dominate interpretations of black religion among African American leaders. Although Du Bois initially hoped to provide detailed local studies of black churches, his long‐term legacy (and that of other black leaders) was to foster longstanding debates about whether the “Black Church” supported or undermined a racist status quo.
Adam Ewing
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691157795
- eISBN:
- 9781400852444
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691157795.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter examines the extent of Garveyism's global reach in the aftermath of World War I. It looks at how the spread of radical Garveyism transcended its West Indian skeleton, enlivening the ...
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This chapter examines the extent of Garveyism's global reach in the aftermath of World War I. It looks at how the spread of radical Garveyism transcended its West Indian skeleton, enlivening the dreams of black men and women throughout the Americas and Africa, projecting a dazzling interpretation of world events and scriptural destiny that built on and paid respect to rich histories of struggle while plotting a new future and a new identity—a New Negro. Radical Garveyism urgently articulated a moment in which the outlines of the postwar world were uncertain, and in which peoples of African descent sensed an opportunity to redraw them. Its dramatic reception both explained a moment of global mass politics and catalyzed new and often explosive expressions of dissent.Less
This chapter examines the extent of Garveyism's global reach in the aftermath of World War I. It looks at how the spread of radical Garveyism transcended its West Indian skeleton, enlivening the dreams of black men and women throughout the Americas and Africa, projecting a dazzling interpretation of world events and scriptural destiny that built on and paid respect to rich histories of struggle while plotting a new future and a new identity—a New Negro. Radical Garveyism urgently articulated a moment in which the outlines of the postwar world were uncertain, and in which peoples of African descent sensed an opportunity to redraw them. Its dramatic reception both explained a moment of global mass politics and catalyzed new and often explosive expressions of dissent.
George Washington Williams
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780823233854
- eISBN:
- 9780823240807
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823233854.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Military History
Negroes are physically strong; Nature has endowed them with marvellous strength of limb and constitution. The color of skin, texture of hair, solidity of cranium, and perfect teeth are their ...
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Negroes are physically strong; Nature has endowed them with marvellous strength of limb and constitution. The color of skin, texture of hair, solidity of cranium, and perfect teeth are their safeguards against the malignant forces of the climate of Africa. Transplanted, the Negro bears well the semi-tropical climate of the Southern United States. Generations of servitude did not impair his physical virtues, but rather enhanced them. To the physical perfections of the Negro were added mental endowments not to be despised. In short, the Negro slaves were remarkable individuals. The slave's powerful physique, his celerity and poetry of movement, his sentiment and love of music, his firm attachment to friends, his deep longing for freedom, his splendid courage and power of endurance, his patience in suffering and hope in despair, his trust in God and instinct for the right, his cunning aptitude and perfect obedience eminently qualified him for military service in the imperilled cause of the Union in the War of the Rebellion.Less
Negroes are physically strong; Nature has endowed them with marvellous strength of limb and constitution. The color of skin, texture of hair, solidity of cranium, and perfect teeth are their safeguards against the malignant forces of the climate of Africa. Transplanted, the Negro bears well the semi-tropical climate of the Southern United States. Generations of servitude did not impair his physical virtues, but rather enhanced them. To the physical perfections of the Negro were added mental endowments not to be despised. In short, the Negro slaves were remarkable individuals. The slave's powerful physique, his celerity and poetry of movement, his sentiment and love of music, his firm attachment to friends, his deep longing for freedom, his splendid courage and power of endurance, his patience in suffering and hope in despair, his trust in God and instinct for the right, his cunning aptitude and perfect obedience eminently qualified him for military service in the imperilled cause of the Union in the War of the Rebellion.
Jeffrey Magee
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195090222
- eISBN:
- 9780199871469
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195090222.003.0002
- Subject:
- Music, Popular
Henderson came to New York City in 1920 on the threshold of the Harlem Renaissance, an era in which the “New Negro”, as defined by writer Alain Locke, would create a new era of African American ...
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Henderson came to New York City in 1920 on the threshold of the Harlem Renaissance, an era in which the “New Negro”, as defined by writer Alain Locke, would create a new era of African American history through education and sophisticated new works in the arts and culture. Henderson's education and middle-class background reflect the values of his father, an educator and church official widely known in Georgia. Atlanta University, from which Henderson graduated in 1920, further shaped his values and helped him establish connections. Henderson moved to New York later that year, as cultural change engendered new opportunities for African Americans. Henderson's initial forays into the New York music world included plugging songs for W. C. Handy and Harry Pace, serving as music director for the race record label Black Swan, and recording and touring with blues singer Ethel Waters. The latter two experiences led Henderson closer to jazz, as he made many recordings accompanying the most popular blues singers, and as he became associated with musicians who would serve as his sidemen in future bands.Less
Henderson came to New York City in 1920 on the threshold of the Harlem Renaissance, an era in which the “New Negro”, as defined by writer Alain Locke, would create a new era of African American history through education and sophisticated new works in the arts and culture. Henderson's education and middle-class background reflect the values of his father, an educator and church official widely known in Georgia. Atlanta University, from which Henderson graduated in 1920, further shaped his values and helped him establish connections. Henderson moved to New York later that year, as cultural change engendered new opportunities for African Americans. Henderson's initial forays into the New York music world included plugging songs for W. C. Handy and Harry Pace, serving as music director for the race record label Black Swan, and recording and touring with blues singer Ethel Waters. The latter two experiences led Henderson closer to jazz, as he made many recordings accompanying the most popular blues singers, and as he became associated with musicians who would serve as his sidemen in future bands.
Robert Peterson
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195076370
- eISBN:
- 9780199853786
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195076370.003.0034
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
Negro leagues come and go, and three reasons seem to supply the answer: that the leagues are underfinanced, that they lack leadership in the beginning, and that they never achieved the stability or ...
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Negro leagues come and go, and three reasons seem to supply the answer: that the leagues are underfinanced, that they lack leadership in the beginning, and that they never achieved the stability or discipline of white organized baseball due to the two reasons given. The chapter also tells us about Andrew Foster and his proposal of a national association patterned after the big leagues which later became the National Association of Colored Professional Baseball Clubs and the Negro National League, both of which became widely accepted among the baseball clubs. The Eastern Colored League was also opened but there was enmity between the two leagues. The chapter also discusses the effects of Foster's resignation from the League resulting in its subsequent death. A new Negro National League and the Negro American League were later formed and became successful.Less
Negro leagues come and go, and three reasons seem to supply the answer: that the leagues are underfinanced, that they lack leadership in the beginning, and that they never achieved the stability or discipline of white organized baseball due to the two reasons given. The chapter also tells us about Andrew Foster and his proposal of a national association patterned after the big leagues which later became the National Association of Colored Professional Baseball Clubs and the Negro National League, both of which became widely accepted among the baseball clubs. The Eastern Colored League was also opened but there was enmity between the two leagues. The chapter also discusses the effects of Foster's resignation from the League resulting in its subsequent death. A new Negro National League and the Negro American League were later formed and became successful.
Phoebe Wolfskill
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780252041143
- eISBN:
- 9780252099700
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252041143.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
An essential African American artist of his era, Archibald Motley Jr. created paintings of black Chicago that aligned him with the revisionist aims of the New Negro Renaissance. Yet Motley’s approach ...
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An essential African American artist of his era, Archibald Motley Jr. created paintings of black Chicago that aligned him with the revisionist aims of the New Negro Renaissance. Yet Motley’s approach to constructing a New Negro—a dignified figure both accomplished and worthy of respect—reflected the challenges faced by African American artists working on the project of racial reinvention and uplift. Phoebe Wolfskill demonstrates how Motley’s art embodied the tenuous nature of the Black Renaissance and the wide range of ideas that structured it. Focusing on key works in Motley’s oeuvre, Wolfskill reveals the artist’s complexity and the variety of influences that informed his work. Motley’s paintings suggest that the racist, problematic image of the Old Negro was not a relic of the past but an influence that pervaded the Black Renaissance. Exploring Motley in relation to works by notable black and non-black contemporaries, Wolfskill reinterprets Motley’s oeuvre as part of a broad effort to define American cultural identity through race, class, gender, religion, and regional affiliation. The book concludes by considering how racist images of the past continue to fuel conflicts over black representation.
Less
An essential African American artist of his era, Archibald Motley Jr. created paintings of black Chicago that aligned him with the revisionist aims of the New Negro Renaissance. Yet Motley’s approach to constructing a New Negro—a dignified figure both accomplished and worthy of respect—reflected the challenges faced by African American artists working on the project of racial reinvention and uplift. Phoebe Wolfskill demonstrates how Motley’s art embodied the tenuous nature of the Black Renaissance and the wide range of ideas that structured it. Focusing on key works in Motley’s oeuvre, Wolfskill reveals the artist’s complexity and the variety of influences that informed his work. Motley’s paintings suggest that the racist, problematic image of the Old Negro was not a relic of the past but an influence that pervaded the Black Renaissance. Exploring Motley in relation to works by notable black and non-black contemporaries, Wolfskill reinterprets Motley’s oeuvre as part of a broad effort to define American cultural identity through race, class, gender, religion, and regional affiliation. The book concludes by considering how racist images of the past continue to fuel conflicts over black representation.
Maurice Peress
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195098228
- eISBN:
- 9780199869817
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195098228.003.0004
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
This chapter starts with Dvorák's witnessing of the exuberant festivities for the 400th anniversary of Columbusás landing in the New World only a few days after his arrival and his first concert ...
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This chapter starts with Dvorák's witnessing of the exuberant festivities for the 400th anniversary of Columbusás landing in the New World only a few days after his arrival and his first concert appearance. It is here that Dvorák often hears Negro Spirituals sung by his new assistant, Harry T. Burleigh, as he composes a new Symphony. Dvorák explicitly announces that his “newly completed symphony reflects the Negro melodies, upon which ... the coming American school must be based ... will be a surprise to the world”. He carefully signs his completed score and dates it, “Fine, Praised be to God! May 24, 1893, at nine in the morning”. In an unusual gesture, Dvorák returns to the score later that day to add a euphoric note, “Family arrives at Southhampton! (telegram l:33)”. Famous American and European musicians react to Dvorák's “negro music idea”. After that, the Dvoráks leave by train for their summer vacation in a small Czech speaking farm community in Spillville, Iowa. En route they stop in Chicago to visit the Fair.Less
This chapter starts with Dvorák's witnessing of the exuberant festivities for the 400th anniversary of Columbusás landing in the New World only a few days after his arrival and his first concert appearance. It is here that Dvorák often hears Negro Spirituals sung by his new assistant, Harry T. Burleigh, as he composes a new Symphony. Dvorák explicitly announces that his “newly completed symphony reflects the Negro melodies, upon which ... the coming American school must be based ... will be a surprise to the world”. He carefully signs his completed score and dates it, “Fine, Praised be to God! May 24, 1893, at nine in the morning”. In an unusual gesture, Dvorák returns to the score later that day to add a euphoric note, “Family arrives at Southhampton! (telegram l:33)”. Famous American and European musicians react to Dvorák's “negro music idea”. After that, the Dvoráks leave by train for their summer vacation in a small Czech speaking farm community in Spillville, Iowa. En route they stop in Chicago to visit the Fair.
Maurice Peress
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195098228
- eISBN:
- 9780199869817
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195098228.003.0007
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
Prominent black intellectuals, led by a distinguished minister, John Wesley Crumell, and including the young scholar, William E. B. Dubois and the poet, Paul Dunbar, had their own ideas “for the ...
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Prominent black intellectuals, led by a distinguished minister, John Wesley Crumell, and including the young scholar, William E. B. Dubois and the poet, Paul Dunbar, had their own ideas “for the development of Negro genius”. Cook and Dunbar created the first all Negro musical show on Broadway, Clorindy, The Origin of the Cakewalk (1898), “moving the Great White Way from the waltz to ragtime”.Less
Prominent black intellectuals, led by a distinguished minister, John Wesley Crumell, and including the young scholar, William E. B. Dubois and the poet, Paul Dunbar, had their own ideas “for the development of Negro genius”. Cook and Dunbar created the first all Negro musical show on Broadway, Clorindy, The Origin of the Cakewalk (1898), “moving the Great White Way from the waltz to ragtime”.
Maurice Peress
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195098228
- eISBN:
- 9780199869817
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195098228.003.0008
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
David Mannes, concertmaster of Walter Damrosch's New York Symphony and Director of the city's Musical Settlement Houses, engaged James Reese Europe, charismatic conductor and composer, and his ...
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David Mannes, concertmaster of Walter Damrosch's New York Symphony and Director of the city's Musical Settlement Houses, engaged James Reese Europe, charismatic conductor and composer, and his unusual Negro orchestra, the “Clef Club”, to play what turned out to be a triumphal benefit concert for the new Harlem branch, at Carnegie Hall — the first concert of its kind (1912). Europe was interviewed about his very specific ideas about the future of Negro music and musicians. Mannes described his own teacher, an African-American violinist, composer, John Thomas Douglas, as “the man who helped shape my life”.Less
David Mannes, concertmaster of Walter Damrosch's New York Symphony and Director of the city's Musical Settlement Houses, engaged James Reese Europe, charismatic conductor and composer, and his unusual Negro orchestra, the “Clef Club”, to play what turned out to be a triumphal benefit concert for the new Harlem branch, at Carnegie Hall — the first concert of its kind (1912). Europe was interviewed about his very specific ideas about the future of Negro music and musicians. Mannes described his own teacher, an African-American violinist, composer, John Thomas Douglas, as “the man who helped shape my life”.
Patricia Londoño-Vega
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199249534
- eISBN:
- 9780191719318
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199249534.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
This chapter begins by discussing the topography of Antioquia and its divisions. It then talks about the historical demography of the people of Antioquia. It explains that the Indian and the Negroes ...
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This chapter begins by discussing the topography of Antioquia and its divisions. It then talks about the historical demography of the people of Antioquia. It explains that the Indian and the Negroes were some of first settlers of Antioquia. It adds that Englishmen, North Americans, Germans, Spaniards, and Frenchmen, were the most numerous. It narrates that foreigners were hired for the mines of the region. This chapter also examines the occupations and ways of life of the people of Antioquia. It explains that occupation became an identifying factor of the social status in the region. It also analyses the crimes that have occurred in Antioquia.Less
This chapter begins by discussing the topography of Antioquia and its divisions. It then talks about the historical demography of the people of Antioquia. It explains that the Indian and the Negroes were some of first settlers of Antioquia. It adds that Englishmen, North Americans, Germans, Spaniards, and Frenchmen, were the most numerous. It narrates that foreigners were hired for the mines of the region. This chapter also examines the occupations and ways of life of the people of Antioquia. It explains that occupation became an identifying factor of the social status in the region. It also analyses the crimes that have occurred in Antioquia.
JOSÉ LINGNA NAFAFÉ
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780197265208
- eISBN:
- 9780191754180
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265208.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, World Early Modern History
Many kings of Western Africa were strong allies in commerce and trade with the Portuguese crown. However, in the late 17th century, some of their successors adopted policies of free trade as a form ...
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Many kings of Western Africa were strong allies in commerce and trade with the Portuguese crown. However, in the late 17th century, some of their successors adopted policies of free trade as a form of counter-resistance to the Portuguese. This challenged the monopoly of Western trade policies and constituted a call for recognition of their autonomy in the Atlantic world. This chapter examines these Negro-Atlantic challenges to trade and monopolistic views of the Atlantic market, focusing first on the Portuguese trade policies applied in the 17th century. Second, it examines the case of ‘free trade’ policies pursued by a second wave of West African rulers who challenged the monopolism of the Portuguese trade policies in the late 17th century after two centuries of relations. Third, the chapter critically examines the role of the Luso-Africans, and how they related to both side of their complex, hybrid identities.Less
Many kings of Western Africa were strong allies in commerce and trade with the Portuguese crown. However, in the late 17th century, some of their successors adopted policies of free trade as a form of counter-resistance to the Portuguese. This challenged the monopoly of Western trade policies and constituted a call for recognition of their autonomy in the Atlantic world. This chapter examines these Negro-Atlantic challenges to trade and monopolistic views of the Atlantic market, focusing first on the Portuguese trade policies applied in the 17th century. Second, it examines the case of ‘free trade’ policies pursued by a second wave of West African rulers who challenged the monopolism of the Portuguese trade policies in the late 17th century after two centuries of relations. Third, the chapter critically examines the role of the Luso-Africans, and how they related to both side of their complex, hybrid identities.
Sebastian Zeidler
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781501702082
- eISBN:
- 9781501701900
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501702082.001.0001
- Subject:
- Art, Art History
The German writer and art critic Carl Einstein (1885–1940) has long been acknowledged as an important figure in the history of modern art, and yet he is often sidelined as an enigma. This book ...
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The German writer and art critic Carl Einstein (1885–1940) has long been acknowledged as an important figure in the history of modern art, and yet he is often sidelined as an enigma. This book recovers Einstein's multifaceted career, offering the first comprehensive intellectual biography of Einstein in English. Einstein first emerged as a writer of experimental prose through his involvement with the anarchist journal Die Aktion. After a few limited forays into art criticism, he burst onto the art scene in 1915 with his book Negro Sculpture, at once a formalist intervention into the contemporary theory and practice of European sculpture and a manifesto for the sophistication of African art. Einstein would go on to publish seminal texts on the cubist paintings of Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso. His contributions to the surrealist magazine Documents (which Einstein cofounded with Georges Bataille) including writings on Picasso and Paul Klee, remain unsurpassed in their depth and complexity. In a series of close visual analyses—illustrated with major works by Braque, Picasso, and Klee—the book retrieves the theoretical resources that Einstein brought to bear on their art. It shows us that to rediscover Einstein's art criticism is to see the work of great modernist artists anew through the eyes of one of the most gifted left-wing formalists of the twentieth century.Less
The German writer and art critic Carl Einstein (1885–1940) has long been acknowledged as an important figure in the history of modern art, and yet he is often sidelined as an enigma. This book recovers Einstein's multifaceted career, offering the first comprehensive intellectual biography of Einstein in English. Einstein first emerged as a writer of experimental prose through his involvement with the anarchist journal Die Aktion. After a few limited forays into art criticism, he burst onto the art scene in 1915 with his book Negro Sculpture, at once a formalist intervention into the contemporary theory and practice of European sculpture and a manifesto for the sophistication of African art. Einstein would go on to publish seminal texts on the cubist paintings of Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso. His contributions to the surrealist magazine Documents (which Einstein cofounded with Georges Bataille) including writings on Picasso and Paul Klee, remain unsurpassed in their depth and complexity. In a series of close visual analyses—illustrated with major works by Braque, Picasso, and Klee—the book retrieves the theoretical resources that Einstein brought to bear on their art. It shows us that to rediscover Einstein's art criticism is to see the work of great modernist artists anew through the eyes of one of the most gifted left-wing formalists of the twentieth century.
Kathryn Talalay
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195113938
- eISBN:
- 9780199853816
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195113938.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
Shortly after meeting George Schuyler Josephine visited her family to celebrate Christmas with them. The family's Negro servants, who had influenced Josephine's development intensely, were also ...
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Shortly after meeting George Schuyler Josephine visited her family to celebrate Christmas with them. The family's Negro servants, who had influenced Josephine's development intensely, were also there. Josephine felt tormented throughout the holiday season because she sensed the tremendous risk she would be taking by marrying a Negro. She could see that marrying George would result in the separation of the bond she had with her family, disinheritance, and isolation. Yet her passion and love for George won out and she decided to marry him.Less
Shortly after meeting George Schuyler Josephine visited her family to celebrate Christmas with them. The family's Negro servants, who had influenced Josephine's development intensely, were also there. Josephine felt tormented throughout the holiday season because she sensed the tremendous risk she would be taking by marrying a Negro. She could see that marrying George would result in the separation of the bond she had with her family, disinheritance, and isolation. Yet her passion and love for George won out and she decided to marry him.
Williams Martin
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195083491
- eISBN:
- 9780199853205
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195083491.003.0052
- Subject:
- Music, Popular
“Ebony Magazine” is the longest-running of the several successful magazines of Johnson Publications, the Chicago Negro publishing house. Recently, a special issue of Ebony was release to celebrate ...
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“Ebony Magazine” is the longest-running of the several successful magazines of Johnson Publications, the Chicago Negro publishing house. Recently, a special issue of Ebony was release to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation. There were articles about Negro-American history, Negro press, Negro women, the future of civil-rights leadership, Negroes in entertainment, Negroes in painting, and Negroes in business. But ironically, jazz music was not given much attention in this issue. Jazz is a reality of Negro life in America, and something that all Americans should be proud of.Less
“Ebony Magazine” is the longest-running of the several successful magazines of Johnson Publications, the Chicago Negro publishing house. Recently, a special issue of Ebony was release to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation. There were articles about Negro-American history, Negro press, Negro women, the future of civil-rights leadership, Negroes in entertainment, Negroes in painting, and Negroes in business. But ironically, jazz music was not given much attention in this issue. Jazz is a reality of Negro life in America, and something that all Americans should be proud of.
Robert Wyatt and John Andrew Johnson
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195327113
- eISBN:
- 9780199851249
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195327113.003.0057
- Subject:
- Music, Popular
This chapter presents the text of George Gershwin's explanation about the origin and scheme for his music in the folk opera Porgy and Bess, which was published in the October 20, 1935, issue of the ...
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This chapter presents the text of George Gershwin's explanation about the origin and scheme for his music in the folk opera Porgy and Bess, which was published in the October 20, 1935, issue of the New York Times. Gershwin explained that he called it the work a folk opera because the story is a folk tale. He adds that Porgy and Bess brought the Negro life in America to the operatic form elements that have never before appeared in opera and he explains how he adapted his method to utilize the drama, the humor, and religious fervor of the race.Less
This chapter presents the text of George Gershwin's explanation about the origin and scheme for his music in the folk opera Porgy and Bess, which was published in the October 20, 1935, issue of the New York Times. Gershwin explained that he called it the work a folk opera because the story is a folk tale. He adds that Porgy and Bess brought the Negro life in America to the operatic form elements that have never before appeared in opera and he explains how he adapted his method to utilize the drama, the humor, and religious fervor of the race.
Robert Peterson
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195076370
- eISBN:
- 9780199853786
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195076370.003.0046
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This chapter discusses the connection between Negro baseball and barnstorming. Negro clubs tour the country to join leagues and sometimes they encounter food and lodging issues due to the cool ...
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This chapter discusses the connection between Negro baseball and barnstorming. Negro clubs tour the country to join leagues and sometimes they encounter food and lodging issues due to the cool reception of the towns they go to. However, not all Negro baseball leagues barnstorm—most of them follow a schedule. This chapter also discusses the extinction of clowning around in baseball cups. Barnstorming was particularly difficult for the players during the Depression. Their means of transportation ranges from the creaking battered buses to state-of-the-art vehicles of those days. However, Negro baseball cups are not the only ones who barnstorm; even white baseball clubs do. However, the difference is that the white baseball clubs have no trouble finding food and lodging accommodations. Nonetheless, barnstorming for Negro baseball was necessary for survival.Less
This chapter discusses the connection between Negro baseball and barnstorming. Negro clubs tour the country to join leagues and sometimes they encounter food and lodging issues due to the cool reception of the towns they go to. However, not all Negro baseball leagues barnstorm—most of them follow a schedule. This chapter also discusses the extinction of clowning around in baseball cups. Barnstorming was particularly difficult for the players during the Depression. Their means of transportation ranges from the creaking battered buses to state-of-the-art vehicles of those days. However, Negro baseball cups are not the only ones who barnstorm; even white baseball clubs do. However, the difference is that the white baseball clubs have no trouble finding food and lodging accommodations. Nonetheless, barnstorming for Negro baseball was necessary for survival.
