Shula Marks, Paul Weindling, and Laura Wintour (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780197264812
- eISBN:
- 9780191754029
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264812.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
Established in the 1930s to rescue scientists and scholars from Nazi Europe, the Society for the Protection of Science and Learning (SPSL, founded in 1933 as the Academic Assistance Council and now ...
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Established in the 1930s to rescue scientists and scholars from Nazi Europe, the Society for the Protection of Science and Learning (SPSL, founded in 1933 as the Academic Assistance Council and now known as the Council for Assisting Refugee Academics) has had an illustrious career. No fewer than eighteen of its early grantees became Nobel Laureates and 120 were elected Fellows of the British Academy and Royal Society in the UK. While a good deal has been written on the SPSL in the 1930s and 1940s, and especially on the achievements of the outstanding scientists rescued, much less attention has been devoted to the scholars who contributed to the social sciences and humanities, and there has been virtually no research on the Society after the Second World War. The archive-based essays in this book, written to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the organisation, attempt to fill this gap. The essays include revisionist accounts of the founder of the SPSL and some of its early grantees. They examine the SPSL's relationship with associates and allies, the experiences of women academics and those of the post-war academic refugees from Communist Europe, apartheid South Africa, and Pinochet's Chile. In addition to scholarly contributions, the book includes moving essays by the children of early grantees. At a time of increasing international concern with refugees and immigration, it is a reminder of the enormous contribution generations of academic refugees have made — and continue to make — to learning the world over.Less
Established in the 1930s to rescue scientists and scholars from Nazi Europe, the Society for the Protection of Science and Learning (SPSL, founded in 1933 as the Academic Assistance Council and now known as the Council for Assisting Refugee Academics) has had an illustrious career. No fewer than eighteen of its early grantees became Nobel Laureates and 120 were elected Fellows of the British Academy and Royal Society in the UK. While a good deal has been written on the SPSL in the 1930s and 1940s, and especially on the achievements of the outstanding scientists rescued, much less attention has been devoted to the scholars who contributed to the social sciences and humanities, and there has been virtually no research on the Society after the Second World War. The archive-based essays in this book, written to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the organisation, attempt to fill this gap. The essays include revisionist accounts of the founder of the SPSL and some of its early grantees. They examine the SPSL's relationship with associates and allies, the experiences of women academics and those of the post-war academic refugees from Communist Europe, apartheid South Africa, and Pinochet's Chile. In addition to scholarly contributions, the book includes moving essays by the children of early grantees. At a time of increasing international concern with refugees and immigration, it is a reminder of the enormous contribution generations of academic refugees have made — and continue to make — to learning the world over.
Shula Marks
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780197264812
- eISBN:
- 9780191754029
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264812.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
The contributions to this collection were originally given at a conference held at the British Academy on 3–4 December 2008, to celebrate the 75th anniversary of the founding of the Academic ...
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The contributions to this collection were originally given at a conference held at the British Academy on 3–4 December 2008, to celebrate the 75th anniversary of the founding of the Academic Assistance Council in 1933, later the Society for the Protection of Science and Learning (1936–98), and now the Council for Assisting Refugee Academics. This introductory chapter discusses the story of the SPSL and the flood of European refugee scholars and scientists from Nazi-occupied Europe in the 1930s and 1940s, and their subsequent contribution to specific disciplines in the humanities and social sciences. An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented.Less
The contributions to this collection were originally given at a conference held at the British Academy on 3–4 December 2008, to celebrate the 75th anniversary of the founding of the Academic Assistance Council in 1933, later the Society for the Protection of Science and Learning (1936–98), and now the Council for Assisting Refugee Academics. This introductory chapter discusses the story of the SPSL and the flood of European refugee scholars and scientists from Nazi-occupied Europe in the 1930s and 1940s, and their subsequent contribution to specific disciplines in the humanities and social sciences. An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented.
Pearl M. Oliner
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300100631
- eISBN:
- 9780300130409
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300100631.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
Does religion encourage altruism on behalf of those who do not belong? Are the very religious more likely to be altruistic toward outsiders than those who are less religious? This book examines data ...
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Does religion encourage altruism on behalf of those who do not belong? Are the very religious more likely to be altruistic toward outsiders than those who are less religious? This book examines data on Christian rescuers and nonrescuers of Jews during the Holocaust to shed light on these important questions. Drawing on interviews with more than five hundred Christians—Protestant and Catholic, very religious, irreligious, and moderately religious rescuers and nonrescuers living in Nazi-occupied Europe—the book offers a sociological perspective on the values and attitudes that distinguished each group. It presents several case studies of rescuers and nonrescuers within each group and then interprets the individual's behavior as it relates to his or her group. It finds that the value patterns of the religious groups differ significantly from one another, and it is able to highlight those factors that appear to have contributed most toward rescue within each group.Less
Does religion encourage altruism on behalf of those who do not belong? Are the very religious more likely to be altruistic toward outsiders than those who are less religious? This book examines data on Christian rescuers and nonrescuers of Jews during the Holocaust to shed light on these important questions. Drawing on interviews with more than five hundred Christians—Protestant and Catholic, very religious, irreligious, and moderately religious rescuers and nonrescuers living in Nazi-occupied Europe—the book offers a sociological perspective on the values and attitudes that distinguished each group. It presents several case studies of rescuers and nonrescuers within each group and then interprets the individual's behavior as it relates to his or her group. It finds that the value patterns of the religious groups differ significantly from one another, and it is able to highlight those factors that appear to have contributed most toward rescue within each group.
Pearl M. Oliner
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300100631
- eISBN:
- 9780300130409
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300100631.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
This chapter examines the altruistic behavior of moderately religious rescuers of Jews in Nazi Europe. The analysis reveals that that the moderately religious constitute a group that is a ...
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This chapter examines the altruistic behavior of moderately religious rescuers of Jews in Nazi Europe. The analysis reveals that that the moderately religious constitute a group that is a disproportionately low percentage of rescuers and a disproportionately high percentage of nonrescuers. This chapter compares the mildly religious and somewhat religious and also the moderately religious rescuers and nonrescuers. It also describes the stories of moderately religious rescuers and nonrescuers, including a mildly religious Italian man, a somewhat religious Polish woman, and a moderately religious French man.Less
This chapter examines the altruistic behavior of moderately religious rescuers of Jews in Nazi Europe. The analysis reveals that that the moderately religious constitute a group that is a disproportionately low percentage of rescuers and a disproportionately high percentage of nonrescuers. This chapter compares the mildly religious and somewhat religious and also the moderately religious rescuers and nonrescuers. It also describes the stories of moderately religious rescuers and nonrescuers, including a mildly religious Italian man, a somewhat religious Polish woman, and a moderately religious French man.
Pearl M. Oliner
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300100631
- eISBN:
- 9780300130409
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300100631.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
This chapter examines the altruistic behavior of very religious rescuers of Jews in Nazi Europe. These include a nun, a Dutch Protestant male, and a church minister. This chapter compares the very ...
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This chapter examines the altruistic behavior of very religious rescuers of Jews in Nazi Europe. These include a nun, a Dutch Protestant male, and a church minister. This chapter compares the very religious rescuers with equally religious nonrescuers in terms of the five summary factors and their associated measures. The findings reveal that the nun and the Dutch Protestant became rescuers only when aroused by their religious leaders, which gives apparent credence to the hypothesis that if the church had taken a clear stand, the Holocaust might never have happened.Less
This chapter examines the altruistic behavior of very religious rescuers of Jews in Nazi Europe. These include a nun, a Dutch Protestant male, and a church minister. This chapter compares the very religious rescuers with equally religious nonrescuers in terms of the five summary factors and their associated measures. The findings reveal that the nun and the Dutch Protestant became rescuers only when aroused by their religious leaders, which gives apparent credence to the hypothesis that if the church had taken a clear stand, the Holocaust might never have happened.
Pearl M. Oliner
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300100631
- eISBN:
- 9780300130409
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300100631.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
This chapter examines the altruistic behavior of Protestant rescuers of Jews in Nazi Europe. It analyzes qualities shared by the Protestant rescuers with other Protestants and how Protestants ...
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This chapter examines the altruistic behavior of Protestant rescuers of Jews in Nazi Europe. It analyzes qualities shared by the Protestant rescuers with other Protestants and how Protestants generally compare with Catholics. The findings reveal that Protestants were particularly strong on potency measures compared to Catholics and that both Protestant rescuers and bystanders scored significantly higher on personal potency than their Catholic counterparts. This chapter also shares the stories of Protestant rescuers and bystanders including that of a German Lutheran rescuer, a Norwegian Lutheran rescuer, and a Dutch Lutheran bystander.Less
This chapter examines the altruistic behavior of Protestant rescuers of Jews in Nazi Europe. It analyzes qualities shared by the Protestant rescuers with other Protestants and how Protestants generally compare with Catholics. The findings reveal that Protestants were particularly strong on potency measures compared to Catholics and that both Protestant rescuers and bystanders scored significantly higher on personal potency than their Catholic counterparts. This chapter also shares the stories of Protestant rescuers and bystanders including that of a German Lutheran rescuer, a Norwegian Lutheran rescuer, and a Dutch Lutheran bystander.
Pearl M. Oliner
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300100631
- eISBN:
- 9780300130409
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300100631.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
This chapter examines the altruistic behavior of irreligious rescuers of Jews in Nazi Europe. It compares irreligious rescuers and irreligious nonrescuers including a Dutch rescuer, a Polish rescuer, ...
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This chapter examines the altruistic behavior of irreligious rescuers of Jews in Nazi Europe. It compares irreligious rescuers and irreligious nonrescuers including a Dutch rescuer, a Polish rescuer, and a French communist nonrescuer. It also compares religious and irreligious rescuers and suggests that while they differ in many important ways, they also share some common characteristics.Less
This chapter examines the altruistic behavior of irreligious rescuers of Jews in Nazi Europe. It compares irreligious rescuers and irreligious nonrescuers including a Dutch rescuer, a Polish rescuer, and a French communist nonrescuer. It also compares religious and irreligious rescuers and suggests that while they differ in many important ways, they also share some common characteristics.
Pearl M. Oliner
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300100631
- eISBN:
- 9780300130409
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300100631.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
This chapter examines the altruistic behavior of Catholic rescuers of Jews in Nazi Europe. It compares the Catholic rescuers with their Protestant counterparts and the results reveal that Catholics ...
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This chapter examines the altruistic behavior of Catholic rescuers of Jews in Nazi Europe. It compares the Catholic rescuers with their Protestant counterparts and the results reveal that Catholics are generally more marked by a sharing predisposition and that they scored significantly higher on the sharing factor and its associated measures. It suggests that Catholics owe their sharing dispositions to their religion and their tight collective culture. This chapter also explains that Catholics are united by their religious identification, their sense of patriotism, and their reliance on their religious and national institutions to reach their goals.Less
This chapter examines the altruistic behavior of Catholic rescuers of Jews in Nazi Europe. It compares the Catholic rescuers with their Protestant counterparts and the results reveal that Catholics are generally more marked by a sharing predisposition and that they scored significantly higher on the sharing factor and its associated measures. It suggests that Catholics owe their sharing dispositions to their religion and their tight collective culture. This chapter also explains that Catholics are united by their religious identification, their sense of patriotism, and their reliance on their religious and national institutions to reach their goals.
Tony Kushner
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780719066405
- eISBN:
- 9781781704721
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719066405.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
The Kindertransport was a voluntary movement organized by the British government in 1938 that brought 10,000 Jewish and other children from Nazi Europe to Britain. This chapter discusses narratives ...
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The Kindertransport was a voluntary movement organized by the British government in 1938 that brought 10,000 Jewish and other children from Nazi Europe to Britain. This chapter discusses narratives of the Kindertransport journeys, which allowed for the movement of refugee children from Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia and Poland rescued from Nazi persecution. It highlights the generosity of the British people towards Jewish refugees during the Holocaust period, and explores the reasons why the Kindertransport was subjected to widespread public and media attention since its arrival in 1938.Less
The Kindertransport was a voluntary movement organized by the British government in 1938 that brought 10,000 Jewish and other children from Nazi Europe to Britain. This chapter discusses narratives of the Kindertransport journeys, which allowed for the movement of refugee children from Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia and Poland rescued from Nazi persecution. It highlights the generosity of the British people towards Jewish refugees during the Holocaust period, and explores the reasons why the Kindertransport was subjected to widespread public and media attention since its arrival in 1938.
Frank Noack
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813167008
- eISBN:
- 9780813167794
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813167008.003.0015
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This chapter deals with the world premiere of Jud Süss at the Venice Film Festival in 1940, where it is praised by the young critic Michelangelo Antonioni, and its subsequent box-office success in ...
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This chapter deals with the world premiere of Jud Süss at the Venice Film Festival in 1940, where it is praised by the young critic Michelangelo Antonioni, and its subsequent box-office success in Nazi-occupied Europe. Several factors behind its success are analyzed, such as an ingenious publicity campaign aimed separately at men and women and Harlan’s use of genre motifs such as illicit love between a curious virgin and a seductive villain. Jud Süss raises questions about the seductive quality of films because various SS members would later claim, when put on trial, that the film influenced them negatively. Harlan follows Jud Süss with another historical epic, Der grosse König (The great king, 1942), and has to endure the mutilation and limited release of a more personal project, the Western comedy-drama Pedro soll hängen (Pedro must hang, 1941).Less
This chapter deals with the world premiere of Jud Süss at the Venice Film Festival in 1940, where it is praised by the young critic Michelangelo Antonioni, and its subsequent box-office success in Nazi-occupied Europe. Several factors behind its success are analyzed, such as an ingenious publicity campaign aimed separately at men and women and Harlan’s use of genre motifs such as illicit love between a curious virgin and a seductive villain. Jud Süss raises questions about the seductive quality of films because various SS members would later claim, when put on trial, that the film influenced them negatively. Harlan follows Jud Süss with another historical epic, Der grosse König (The great king, 1942), and has to endure the mutilation and limited release of a more personal project, the Western comedy-drama Pedro soll hängen (Pedro must hang, 1941).
Pearl M. Oliner
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300100631
- eISBN:
- 9780300130409
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300100631.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
This introductory chapter discusses the theme of this volume, which is about religious culture, altruism, and the rescue of Jews in Nazi Europe. The volume examines the values and attitudes commonly ...
More
This introductory chapter discusses the theme of this volume, which is about religious culture, altruism, and the rescue of Jews in Nazi Europe. The volume examines the values and attitudes commonly associated with altruism, focusing on the religious cultural contexts from which individuals emerged. It compares the altruistically associated predispositions of people with different levels of religiosity and two denominations—Protestant and Roman Catholic. It also describes individual rescuers from different national contexts and provides intergroup and intragroup comparisons.Less
This introductory chapter discusses the theme of this volume, which is about religious culture, altruism, and the rescue of Jews in Nazi Europe. The volume examines the values and attitudes commonly associated with altruism, focusing on the religious cultural contexts from which individuals emerged. It compares the altruistically associated predispositions of people with different levels of religiosity and two denominations—Protestant and Roman Catholic. It also describes individual rescuers from different national contexts and provides intergroup and intragroup comparisons.
