Kate Zebiri
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198263302
- eISBN:
- 9780191682469
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198263302.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
This is the first detailed study of the life and thought of Shaykh Maḥmūd Shaltūt (1893–1963). Shaltūt was an Egyptian scholar and reformer who held the most senior position open to Sunni Muslim ...
More
This is the first detailed study of the life and thought of Shaykh Maḥmūd Shaltūt (1893–1963). Shaltūt was an Egyptian scholar and reformer who held the most senior position open to Sunni Muslim religious scholars — that of Rector of the Azhar University in Cairo. His period of office (1958–63) was a turbulent time in Egypt and within the Azhar itself, with President Nasser's socialist government initiating a radical reorganization of that institution in accordance with its policy of exerting greater control over the forces of Islam in Egypt. One of the most popular and progressive Rectors of the Azhar in recent times, his writings have received extremely wide readership throughout the Muslim world. They reflect both his traditional religious background and his great concern with the contemporary problems of Muslims, thus providing an insight into some of the tensions that arise in the confrontation with modernity. In his important work in the areas of Islamic jurisprudence and Qur'ānic commentary, he strove to demystify Islamic scholarship and make its fruits available to ordinary Muslims. He issued fatwās on a wide range of topics of particular relevance in the modern age, such as financial transactions and family planning.Less
This is the first detailed study of the life and thought of Shaykh Maḥmūd Shaltūt (1893–1963). Shaltūt was an Egyptian scholar and reformer who held the most senior position open to Sunni Muslim religious scholars — that of Rector of the Azhar University in Cairo. His period of office (1958–63) was a turbulent time in Egypt and within the Azhar itself, with President Nasser's socialist government initiating a radical reorganization of that institution in accordance with its policy of exerting greater control over the forces of Islam in Egypt. One of the most popular and progressive Rectors of the Azhar in recent times, his writings have received extremely wide readership throughout the Muslim world. They reflect both his traditional religious background and his great concern with the contemporary problems of Muslims, thus providing an insight into some of the tensions that arise in the confrontation with modernity. In his important work in the areas of Islamic jurisprudence and Qur'ānic commentary, he strove to demystify Islamic scholarship and make its fruits available to ordinary Muslims. He issued fatwās on a wide range of topics of particular relevance in the modern age, such as financial transactions and family planning.
Jeffrey T. Kenney
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195131697
- eISBN:
- 9780199785001
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019513169X.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
This chapter explores the modern context in which Egyptians began to introduce the Kharijites into their political discourse. It argues that Muslims in different historical and political ...
More
This chapter explores the modern context in which Egyptians began to introduce the Kharijites into their political discourse. It argues that Muslims in different historical and political circumstances have engaged in rhetorical accusations of Kharijism, with the early rhetorical context considerably obscured by the shadow of the orthodox tradition. The modern context stands more clearly in view; it covers the process of political and economic modernization begun by the Ottoman governor Muhammad ’Ali in the 19th century, the centralized planning and authoritarian style of President Gamal Abdul Nasser's regime, and the development of Egyptian Islamism.Less
This chapter explores the modern context in which Egyptians began to introduce the Kharijites into their political discourse. It argues that Muslims in different historical and political circumstances have engaged in rhetorical accusations of Kharijism, with the early rhetorical context considerably obscured by the shadow of the orthodox tradition. The modern context stands more clearly in view; it covers the process of political and economic modernization begun by the Ottoman governor Muhammad ’Ali in the 19th century, the centralized planning and authoritarian style of President Gamal Abdul Nasser's regime, and the development of Egyptian Islamism.
Margaret Litvin
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691137803
- eISBN:
- 9781400840106
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691137803.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
For the past five decades, Arab intellectuals have seen themselves in Shakespeare's Hamlet: their times “out of joint,” their political hopes frustrated by a corrupt older generation. This book ...
More
For the past five decades, Arab intellectuals have seen themselves in Shakespeare's Hamlet: their times “out of joint,” their political hopes frustrated by a corrupt older generation. This book traces the uses of Hamlet in Arabic theatre and political rhetoric, and asks how Shakespeare's play developed into a musical with a happy ending in 1901 and grew to become the most obsessively quoted literary work in Arab politics today. Explaining the Arab Hamlet tradition, the book also illuminates the “to be or not to be” politics that have turned Shakespeare's tragedy into the essential Arab political text, cited by Arab liberals, nationalists, and Islamists alike. On the Arab stage, Hamlet has been an operetta hero, a firebrand revolutionary, and a muzzled dissident. Analyzing productions from Egypt, Syria, Iraq, Jordan, and Kuwait, the book follows the distinct phases of Hamlet's naturalization as an Arab. The book uses personal interviews as well as scripts and videos, reviews, and detailed comparisons with French and Russian Hamlets. The result shows Arab theatre in a new light. It identifies the French source of the earliest Arabic Hamlet, shows the outsize influence of Soviet and East European Shakespeare, and explores the deep cultural link between Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser and the ghost of Hamlet's father. Documenting how global sources and models helped nurture a distinct Arab Hamlet tradition, this book represents a new approach to the study of international Shakespeare appropriation.Less
For the past five decades, Arab intellectuals have seen themselves in Shakespeare's Hamlet: their times “out of joint,” their political hopes frustrated by a corrupt older generation. This book traces the uses of Hamlet in Arabic theatre and political rhetoric, and asks how Shakespeare's play developed into a musical with a happy ending in 1901 and grew to become the most obsessively quoted literary work in Arab politics today. Explaining the Arab Hamlet tradition, the book also illuminates the “to be or not to be” politics that have turned Shakespeare's tragedy into the essential Arab political text, cited by Arab liberals, nationalists, and Islamists alike. On the Arab stage, Hamlet has been an operetta hero, a firebrand revolutionary, and a muzzled dissident. Analyzing productions from Egypt, Syria, Iraq, Jordan, and Kuwait, the book follows the distinct phases of Hamlet's naturalization as an Arab. The book uses personal interviews as well as scripts and videos, reviews, and detailed comparisons with French and Russian Hamlets. The result shows Arab theatre in a new light. It identifies the French source of the earliest Arabic Hamlet, shows the outsize influence of Soviet and East European Shakespeare, and explores the deep cultural link between Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser and the ghost of Hamlet's father. Documenting how global sources and models helped nurture a distinct Arab Hamlet tradition, this book represents a new approach to the study of international Shakespeare appropriation.
Jesse Ferris
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691155142
- eISBN:
- 9781400845231
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691155142.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This book draws on declassified documents from six countries and original material in Arabic, German, Hebrew, and Russian to present a new understanding of Egypt's disastrous five-year intervention ...
More
This book draws on declassified documents from six countries and original material in Arabic, German, Hebrew, and Russian to present a new understanding of Egypt's disastrous five-year intervention in Yemen, which Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser later referred to as “my Vietnam.” The book argues that Nasser's attempt to export the Egyptian revolution to Yemen played a decisive role in destabilizing Egypt's relations with the Cold War powers, tarnishing its image in the Arab world, ruining its economy, and driving its rulers to instigate the fatal series of missteps that led to war with Israel in 1967. Viewing the Six Day War as an unintended consequence of the Saudi–Egyptian struggle over Yemen, the book demonstrates that the most important Cold War conflict in the Middle East was not the clash between Israel and its neighbors. It was the inter-Arab struggle between monarchies and republics over power and legitimacy. Egypt's defeat in the “Arab Cold War” set the stage for the rise of Saudi Arabia and political Islam. Bold and provocative, this book brings to life a critical phase in the modern history of the Middle East. Its compelling analysis of Egypt's fall from power in the 1960s offers new insights into the decline of Arab nationalism, exposing the deep historical roots of the Arab Spring of 2011.Less
This book draws on declassified documents from six countries and original material in Arabic, German, Hebrew, and Russian to present a new understanding of Egypt's disastrous five-year intervention in Yemen, which Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser later referred to as “my Vietnam.” The book argues that Nasser's attempt to export the Egyptian revolution to Yemen played a decisive role in destabilizing Egypt's relations with the Cold War powers, tarnishing its image in the Arab world, ruining its economy, and driving its rulers to instigate the fatal series of missteps that led to war with Israel in 1967. Viewing the Six Day War as an unintended consequence of the Saudi–Egyptian struggle over Yemen, the book demonstrates that the most important Cold War conflict in the Middle East was not the clash between Israel and its neighbors. It was the inter-Arab struggle between monarchies and republics over power and legitimacy. Egypt's defeat in the “Arab Cold War” set the stage for the rise of Saudi Arabia and political Islam. Bold and provocative, this book brings to life a critical phase in the modern history of the Middle East. Its compelling analysis of Egypt's fall from power in the 1960s offers new insights into the decline of Arab nationalism, exposing the deep historical roots of the Arab Spring of 2011.
Ahmed Belal and John Briggs
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789774161988
- eISBN:
- 9781617970320
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774161988.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Sustainable development and environmental change have become two of the watchwords of the new century. But what do they mean for ordinary people living in some of the harshest environments in the ...
More
Sustainable development and environmental change have become two of the watchwords of the new century. But what do they mean for ordinary people living in some of the harshest environments in the world, where survival is the driving force? This book sets out to examine these issues and how they affect, and are affected by, Bedouin communities living in the arid areas of the Nubian Desert in southeastern Egypt. Written by a joint Egyptian, Russian, and British research team, the book seeks to examine how the Bedouin of this area have coped with the environmental changes brought about after the construction of the Aswan High Dam and resulting formation of Lake Nasser. After documenting the nature of these changes, the chapters show the practical and strategic ways in which the Bedouin have responded by adapting both their use of environmental resources and the social and economic dimensions of their community. The book argues that people in these communities are active agents of change and must not be seen as passive victims. For them, sustainable development and environmental change are not abstract academic debates, but real-life, everyday issues around which they must organize their lives.Less
Sustainable development and environmental change have become two of the watchwords of the new century. But what do they mean for ordinary people living in some of the harshest environments in the world, where survival is the driving force? This book sets out to examine these issues and how they affect, and are affected by, Bedouin communities living in the arid areas of the Nubian Desert in southeastern Egypt. Written by a joint Egyptian, Russian, and British research team, the book seeks to examine how the Bedouin of this area have coped with the environmental changes brought about after the construction of the Aswan High Dam and resulting formation of Lake Nasser. After documenting the nature of these changes, the chapters show the practical and strategic ways in which the Bedouin have responded by adapting both their use of environmental resources and the social and economic dimensions of their community. The book argues that people in these communities are active agents of change and must not be seen as passive victims. For them, sustainable development and environmental change are not abstract academic debates, but real-life, everyday issues around which they must organize their lives.
Margaret Litvin
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691137803
- eISBN:
- 9781400840106
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691137803.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This chapter explains that much of what matters for Arab Hamlet appropriation in the postcolonial period—the international sources, the way they were absorbed, and the concerns they help express—was ...
More
This chapter explains that much of what matters for Arab Hamlet appropriation in the postcolonial period—the international sources, the way they were absorbed, and the concerns they help express—was shaped by the legacy of Gamal Abdel Nasser. Nasser's geopolitical and cultural priorities made a range of Hamlets available and conditioned how intellectuals received them. Beyond this, from the moment in 1954 when he declared to his people, “All of you are Gamal Abdel Nasser,” the Egyptian leader personally embodied his country's identity and acted out its drama of historical agency. Beyond Egypt's borders, he became (like his radio station) “the voice of the Arabs.”Less
This chapter explains that much of what matters for Arab Hamlet appropriation in the postcolonial period—the international sources, the way they were absorbed, and the concerns they help express—was shaped by the legacy of Gamal Abdel Nasser. Nasser's geopolitical and cultural priorities made a range of Hamlets available and conditioned how intellectuals received them. Beyond this, from the moment in 1954 when he declared to his people, “All of you are Gamal Abdel Nasser,” the Egyptian leader personally embodied his country's identity and acted out its drama of historical agency. Beyond Egypt's borders, he became (like his radio station) “the voice of the Arabs.”
Margaret Litvin
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691137803
- eISBN:
- 9781400840106
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691137803.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This chapter begins with the cultural impact of the June War and its coda, Gamal Abdel Nasser's death in 1970. As the chapter shows, the defeat fundamentally altered Arab conceptions of political ...
More
This chapter begins with the cultural impact of the June War and its coda, Gamal Abdel Nasser's death in 1970. As the chapter shows, the defeat fundamentally altered Arab conceptions of political theatre's role. A well-developed high culture was no longer considered enough to guarantee the world's respect. Psychological interiority was irrelevant: what mattered was not deserving agentive power but seizing it. Disillusioned with their regimes, dramatists stopped addressing subtly allegorical plays to the government; instead, they appealed directly to audiences, trying to rouse them to participate in political life. Analyzing two early 1970s Hamlet adaptations from Egypt and Syria, the chapter demonstrates how the 1970s Hamlet became a Che Guevara in doublet and hose. Guilt and sadness over his father's death only sharpened his anger; his fierce pursuit of justice left no room for introspection or doubt.Less
This chapter begins with the cultural impact of the June War and its coda, Gamal Abdel Nasser's death in 1970. As the chapter shows, the defeat fundamentally altered Arab conceptions of political theatre's role. A well-developed high culture was no longer considered enough to guarantee the world's respect. Psychological interiority was irrelevant: what mattered was not deserving agentive power but seizing it. Disillusioned with their regimes, dramatists stopped addressing subtly allegorical plays to the government; instead, they appealed directly to audiences, trying to rouse them to participate in political life. Analyzing two early 1970s Hamlet adaptations from Egypt and Syria, the chapter demonstrates how the 1970s Hamlet became a Che Guevara in doublet and hose. Guilt and sadness over his father's death only sharpened his anger; his fierce pursuit of justice left no room for introspection or doubt.
Robert Holland
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205388
- eISBN:
- 9780191676604
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205388.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter examines the impact of the exile of Archbishop Makarios on the Greek Cypriots fighting for their independence against British rule. Makarios' exile was followed by a three-day general ...
More
This chapter examines the impact of the exile of Archbishop Makarios on the Greek Cypriots fighting for their independence against British rule. Makarios' exile was followed by a three-day general strike and the resignation of Greek John Clerides to the Executive Council. These events was followed a larger event which was the July 26 announcement by Egyptian President Gamal Abdul Nasser that the Egyptian government had nationalized the Suez Canal Company.Less
This chapter examines the impact of the exile of Archbishop Makarios on the Greek Cypriots fighting for their independence against British rule. Makarios' exile was followed by a three-day general strike and the resignation of Greek John Clerides to the Executive Council. These events was followed a larger event which was the July 26 announcement by Egyptian President Gamal Abdul Nasser that the Egyptian government had nationalized the Suez Canal Company.
Nassir Abdulaziz Al-Nasser
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781479862009
- eISBN:
- 9781479841851
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479862009.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
From September 2011 to September 2012, Ambassador Nasser Abdulaziz Al-Nasser of Qatar presided over the 66th session of the “world's parliament”—the United Nations General Assembly. It was a critical ...
More
From September 2011 to September 2012, Ambassador Nasser Abdulaziz Al-Nasser of Qatar presided over the 66th session of the “world's parliament”—the United Nations General Assembly. It was a critical moment in international affairs as the UN responded to a range of global challenges, from the world financial crisis to the Arab Spring. This book presents a high-level look inside the organization, assessing its strengths and weaknesses, its successes and struggles. It recounts dramatic moments, such as replacing the Libyan delegation, and a tireless schedule of overseas travel, including joint visits with the Secretary-General to Libya and Somalia. The author's work takes him from major international summits such as the Conference on Sustainable Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Rio+20) to the European Parliament, which he was the first General Assembly President to address, to academic institutions from Oxford to Moscow to Morocco. The author structures the book as he did his 66th session, around four main themes or “pillars”: mediation, UN reform, natural disaster prevention and response, and sustainable development. It offers a wide range of recommendations to intergovernmental institutions, to states, to the public sector, and to individuals.Less
From September 2011 to September 2012, Ambassador Nasser Abdulaziz Al-Nasser of Qatar presided over the 66th session of the “world's parliament”—the United Nations General Assembly. It was a critical moment in international affairs as the UN responded to a range of global challenges, from the world financial crisis to the Arab Spring. This book presents a high-level look inside the organization, assessing its strengths and weaknesses, its successes and struggles. It recounts dramatic moments, such as replacing the Libyan delegation, and a tireless schedule of overseas travel, including joint visits with the Secretary-General to Libya and Somalia. The author's work takes him from major international summits such as the Conference on Sustainable Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Rio+20) to the European Parliament, which he was the first General Assembly President to address, to academic institutions from Oxford to Moscow to Morocco. The author structures the book as he did his 66th session, around four main themes or “pillars”: mediation, UN reform, natural disaster prevention and response, and sustainable development. It offers a wide range of recommendations to intergovernmental institutions, to states, to the public sector, and to individuals.
Jesse Ferris
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691155142
- eISBN:
- 9781400845231
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691155142.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This chapter outlines the course of events from Syria's decision to secede from the United Arab Republic in September 1961 to Egypt's decision to intervene in the incipient civil war in Yemen exactly ...
More
This chapter outlines the course of events from Syria's decision to secede from the United Arab Republic in September 1961 to Egypt's decision to intervene in the incipient civil war in Yemen exactly one year later. Sparked by humiliation at the Syrian secession, the intervention was the culmination of a decade of support for revolutionary movements on the Arabian Peninsula, which ultimately aimed at toppling the Saudi monarchy. The hastily made decision to send military forces to San‘ā’ was taken under the cloud of a power struggle within the Nasser regime, which carried serious consequences for military preparedness in June 1967.Less
This chapter outlines the course of events from Syria's decision to secede from the United Arab Republic in September 1961 to Egypt's decision to intervene in the incipient civil war in Yemen exactly one year later. Sparked by humiliation at the Syrian secession, the intervention was the culmination of a decade of support for revolutionary movements on the Arabian Peninsula, which ultimately aimed at toppling the Saudi monarchy. The hastily made decision to send military forces to San‘ā’ was taken under the cloud of a power struggle within the Nasser regime, which carried serious consequences for military preparedness in June 1967.
Jesse Ferris
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691155142
- eISBN:
- 9781400845231
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691155142.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This chapter studies the interplay between the battlefield in Yemen and the domestic front in Egypt. It begins with a revisionist account of the Egyptian counterinsurgency campaign, based on Egyptian ...
More
This chapter studies the interplay between the battlefield in Yemen and the domestic front in Egypt. It begins with a revisionist account of the Egyptian counterinsurgency campaign, based on Egyptian memoirs and captured documents, and then proceeds to discuss three Egyptian taboos—casualties, cost, and corruption—demonstrating that the pursuit of revolutionary politics abroad contributed significantly to the enfeeblement of the revolution at home. Although the direct cost of the war in lives and treasure may not have been as great as some have argued, the indirect costs of the war proved catastrophic for Egypt. Furthermore, a number of mutually reinforcing factors impressed upon Nasser the need to come to terms with Saudi Arabia in order to end the conflict in Yemen.Less
This chapter studies the interplay between the battlefield in Yemen and the domestic front in Egypt. It begins with a revisionist account of the Egyptian counterinsurgency campaign, based on Egyptian memoirs and captured documents, and then proceeds to discuss three Egyptian taboos—casualties, cost, and corruption—demonstrating that the pursuit of revolutionary politics abroad contributed significantly to the enfeeblement of the revolution at home. Although the direct cost of the war in lives and treasure may not have been as great as some have argued, the indirect costs of the war proved catastrophic for Egypt. Furthermore, a number of mutually reinforcing factors impressed upon Nasser the need to come to terms with Saudi Arabia in order to end the conflict in Yemen.
Jesse Ferris
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691155142
- eISBN:
- 9781400845231
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691155142.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This chapter looks at the vicissitudes of Saudi–Egyptian relations as the two countries attempted to negotiate a peaceful settlement in Yemen. Based primarily on US diplomatic cables and Egyptian ...
More
This chapter looks at the vicissitudes of Saudi–Egyptian relations as the two countries attempted to negotiate a peaceful settlement in Yemen. Based primarily on US diplomatic cables and Egyptian memoirs, it demonstrates how negotiations between Nasser and Faysal faltered over mutual mistrust, exacerbated by the perennial spoiling effect of Yemeni politics. The chapter also shows how the Egyptians and the Saudis used the Arab summits, ostensibly convened to discuss the Palestine question, as a camouflage for the mediation of the conflict between them. The Egyptians had invoked the image of Palestine from the beginning of the intervention in Yemen in order to illuminate the glum reality of hopeless fratricide with the light of a higher cause.Less
This chapter looks at the vicissitudes of Saudi–Egyptian relations as the two countries attempted to negotiate a peaceful settlement in Yemen. Based primarily on US diplomatic cables and Egyptian memoirs, it demonstrates how negotiations between Nasser and Faysal faltered over mutual mistrust, exacerbated by the perennial spoiling effect of Yemeni politics. The chapter also shows how the Egyptians and the Saudis used the Arab summits, ostensibly convened to discuss the Palestine question, as a camouflage for the mediation of the conflict between them. The Egyptians had invoked the image of Palestine from the beginning of the intervention in Yemen in order to illuminate the glum reality of hopeless fratricide with the light of a higher cause.
Jesse Ferris
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691155142
- eISBN:
- 9781400845231
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691155142.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This chapter brings the story of the Egyptian intervention to a close. Covering the momentous year of 1967, it exposes the little appreciated link between inter-Arab tensions and the Arab–Israeli ...
More
This chapter brings the story of the Egyptian intervention to a close. Covering the momentous year of 1967, it exposes the little appreciated link between inter-Arab tensions and the Arab–Israeli conflict and provides a revisionist interpretation of the Six-Day War as an unintended consequence of the Saudi–Egyptian struggle over Yemen. Egypt's defeat forced Nasser to confront the necessity of withdrawing his forces from the Arabian Peninsula and accepting Saudi financial aid. Both acts presaged a crucial shift in the regional balance of power in the late twentieth century as a result of the civil war in Yemen: the decline of Egypt and the rise of Saudi Arabia.Less
This chapter brings the story of the Egyptian intervention to a close. Covering the momentous year of 1967, it exposes the little appreciated link between inter-Arab tensions and the Arab–Israeli conflict and provides a revisionist interpretation of the Six-Day War as an unintended consequence of the Saudi–Egyptian struggle over Yemen. Egypt's defeat forced Nasser to confront the necessity of withdrawing his forces from the Arabian Peninsula and accepting Saudi financial aid. Both acts presaged a crucial shift in the regional balance of power in the late twentieth century as a result of the civil war in Yemen: the decline of Egypt and the rise of Saudi Arabia.
Jesse Ferris
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691155142
- eISBN:
- 9781400845231
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691155142.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This concluding chapter talks about how Nasser's greatest failing may well have been his failure to open up space for political participation. It was not just a question of creating a popular base ...
More
This concluding chapter talks about how Nasser's greatest failing may well have been his failure to open up space for political participation. It was not just a question of creating a popular base for his rule (as Nasser repeatedly sought to do, from the Liberation Rally to the Arab Socialist Union), but of enabling genuinely participatory politics that would ensure the future of the regime and guide Egypt forward once the great leader left the stage. If Nasser survived Egypt's humiliating defeat in 1967, there is little reason to doubt he would have survived the inauguration of a phase of moderation following the perceived triumph of 1956. The pursuit of such an inward-focused policy would have meant that the legitimacy of the regime came to rest on domestic performance, not foreign pyrotechnics.Less
This concluding chapter talks about how Nasser's greatest failing may well have been his failure to open up space for political participation. It was not just a question of creating a popular base for his rule (as Nasser repeatedly sought to do, from the Liberation Rally to the Arab Socialist Union), but of enabling genuinely participatory politics that would ensure the future of the regime and guide Egypt forward once the great leader left the stage. If Nasser survived Egypt's humiliating defeat in 1967, there is little reason to doubt he would have survived the inauguration of a phase of moderation following the perceived triumph of 1956. The pursuit of such an inward-focused policy would have meant that the legitimacy of the regime came to rest on domestic performance, not foreign pyrotechnics.
Joel Gordon
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9789774167782
- eISBN:
- 9781617978180
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774167782.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This book explores the early years of military rule in Egypt following the Free Officers' coup d'etat of 1952. Enriched by interviews with actors in and observers of the events, the book shows how ...
More
This book explores the early years of military rule in Egypt following the Free Officers' coup d'etat of 1952. Enriched by interviews with actors in and observers of the events, the book shows how the officers' belief in a quick reformation by force was transformed into a vital, long-term process that changed the face of Egypt. Under Gamal Abdel Nasser, the military regime launched an ambitious program of social, economic, and political reform. Egypt became a leader in Arab and non-aligned politics, as well as a model for political mobilization and national development throughout the Third World. Although Nasser exerted considerable personal influence over the course of events, his rise as a national and regional hero in the mid-1950s was preceded by a period in which he and his colleagues groped for direction, and in which many Egyptians disliked—even feared—them. The book analyzes the goals, programs, successes, and failures of the young regime, providing the most comprehensive account of the Egyptian revolution to date. It includes a new Introduction that looks back at the post-1952 period from a post-2011 perspective.Less
This book explores the early years of military rule in Egypt following the Free Officers' coup d'etat of 1952. Enriched by interviews with actors in and observers of the events, the book shows how the officers' belief in a quick reformation by force was transformed into a vital, long-term process that changed the face of Egypt. Under Gamal Abdel Nasser, the military regime launched an ambitious program of social, economic, and political reform. Egypt became a leader in Arab and non-aligned politics, as well as a model for political mobilization and national development throughout the Third World. Although Nasser exerted considerable personal influence over the course of events, his rise as a national and regional hero in the mid-1950s was preceded by a period in which he and his colleagues groped for direction, and in which many Egyptians disliked—even feared—them. The book analyzes the goals, programs, successes, and failures of the young regime, providing the most comprehensive account of the Egyptian revolution to date. It includes a new Introduction that looks back at the post-1952 period from a post-2011 perspective.
Philip E. Muehlenbeck
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195396096
- eISBN:
- 9780199932672
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195396096.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century, World Modern History
To contextualize the changes that Kennedy brought to US foreign policy toward Africa, the first chapter reviews the African policies of his predecessor Dwight D. Eisenhower. The ...
More
To contextualize the changes that Kennedy brought to US foreign policy toward Africa, the first chapter reviews the African policies of his predecessor Dwight D. Eisenhower. The general-turned-president had no personal interest in Africa, nor did he fully realize the potential strategic value of improving US relations with the recently decolonized continent. For these reasons, Eisenhower was indifferent toward African states as a whole and antagonistic toward any African state not willing to stand squarely behind the United States in the Cold War.Less
To contextualize the changes that Kennedy brought to US foreign policy toward Africa, the first chapter reviews the African policies of his predecessor Dwight D. Eisenhower. The general-turned-president had no personal interest in Africa, nor did he fully realize the potential strategic value of improving US relations with the recently decolonized continent. For these reasons, Eisenhower was indifferent toward African states as a whole and antagonistic toward any African state not willing to stand squarely behind the United States in the Cold War.
Philip E. Muehlenbeck
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195396096
- eISBN:
- 9780199932672
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195396096.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century, World Modern History
Kennedy’s courting of Gamal Abdul Nasser of Egypt and Ahmed Ben Bella of Algeria and his relationship with North African Arab nationalism are examined in chapter six. The chapter focuses on Kennedy’s ...
More
Kennedy’s courting of Gamal Abdul Nasser of Egypt and Ahmed Ben Bella of Algeria and his relationship with North African Arab nationalism are examined in chapter six. The chapter focuses on Kennedy’s support of Algerian independence; his tilt toward Nasser’s brand of nationalism (which Kennedy saw as the wave of the future) vis-à-vis the Saudi monarchy, a complete reversal of Eisenhower’s position; and his effort to put the Palestinian issue “on ice” so as to find a balanced relationship between Israel and the Arab states.Less
Kennedy’s courting of Gamal Abdul Nasser of Egypt and Ahmed Ben Bella of Algeria and his relationship with North African Arab nationalism are examined in chapter six. The chapter focuses on Kennedy’s support of Algerian independence; his tilt toward Nasser’s brand of nationalism (which Kennedy saw as the wave of the future) vis-à-vis the Saudi monarchy, a complete reversal of Eisenhower’s position; and his effort to put the Palestinian issue “on ice” so as to find a balanced relationship between Israel and the Arab states.
J. C. Hurewitz
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202417
- eISBN:
- 9780191675348
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202417.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Middle East History
The British occupation of Egypt in 1882 embittered relations with France and stimulated the development of the nationalist movement that reached its zenith some seventy years later with Gamal Abdel ...
More
The British occupation of Egypt in 1882 embittered relations with France and stimulated the development of the nationalist movement that reached its zenith some seventy years later with Gamal Abdel Nasser. Six years after the invasion the maritime powers of Europe in 1888 signed a convention securing the conditions for free transit through the Suez Canal in peace and war. Seventeen years elapsed before the convention of 1888 was ratified: only in 1904 did Britain and France resolve their Egyptian difficulties by concluding the Entente Cordiale.Less
The British occupation of Egypt in 1882 embittered relations with France and stimulated the development of the nationalist movement that reached its zenith some seventy years later with Gamal Abdel Nasser. Six years after the invasion the maritime powers of Europe in 1888 signed a convention securing the conditions for free transit through the Suez Canal in peace and war. Seventeen years elapsed before the convention of 1888 was ratified: only in 1904 did Britain and France resolve their Egyptian difficulties by concluding the Entente Cordiale.
Ali E. Hillal Dessouki
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202417
- eISBN:
- 9780191675348
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202417.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Middle East History
This chapter judges that Nasser was representative of his generation of Egyptian nationalists whose formative experience was the British occupation of their country. Foreign troops and military bases ...
More
This chapter judges that Nasser was representative of his generation of Egyptian nationalists whose formative experience was the British occupation of their country. Foreign troops and military bases shaped the Egyptian national consciousness. This danger did not cease to exist in 1954 when British troops began to withdraw from the Canal Zone. Nasser wished to break the economic grip of the European powers in the Middle East and to neutralize or destroy the military alliance known as the Baghdad Pact consisting of Britain, Iraq, Turkey, Iran, and Pakistan. In his quest for a pan-Arab movement, Nasser made a populist appeal, over the heads of the leaders of the countries of the pact, to Arabs throughout the Middle East.Less
This chapter judges that Nasser was representative of his generation of Egyptian nationalists whose formative experience was the British occupation of their country. Foreign troops and military bases shaped the Egyptian national consciousness. This danger did not cease to exist in 1954 when British troops began to withdraw from the Canal Zone. Nasser wished to break the economic grip of the European powers in the Middle East and to neutralize or destroy the military alliance known as the Baghdad Pact consisting of Britain, Iraq, Turkey, Iran, and Pakistan. In his quest for a pan-Arab movement, Nasser made a populist appeal, over the heads of the leaders of the countries of the pact, to Arabs throughout the Middle East.
Keith Kyle
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202417
- eISBN:
- 9780191675348
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202417.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Middle East History
This chapter treats the immediate antecedents of the emergency: the Soviet military assistance to Egypt through the ‘Czech arms deal’, the British discovery of the transaction in September 1955; and ...
More
This chapter treats the immediate antecedents of the emergency: the Soviet military assistance to Egypt through the ‘Czech arms deal’, the British discovery of the transaction in September 1955; and Eden's growing suspicions of Nasser. The policy of the British government in the months preceding the crisis, more than that of any other party, has remained vague until the recent opening of the archives. It paints a picture of British statecraft at this juncture that was unstable, racked by contradictory impulses, and presided over by a Prime Minister who fatally misjudged the reaction of the United States.Less
This chapter treats the immediate antecedents of the emergency: the Soviet military assistance to Egypt through the ‘Czech arms deal’, the British discovery of the transaction in September 1955; and Eden's growing suspicions of Nasser. The policy of the British government in the months preceding the crisis, more than that of any other party, has remained vague until the recent opening of the archives. It paints a picture of British statecraft at this juncture that was unstable, racked by contradictory impulses, and presided over by a Prime Minister who fatally misjudged the reaction of the United States.
