William Bain
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199260263
- eISBN:
- 9780191600975
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199260265.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Examines the internationalization of trusteeship as it arose in the context of British colonial administration in Africa, the Berlin and Brussels Conferences, and the experience of the Congo Free ...
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Examines the internationalization of trusteeship as it arose in the context of British colonial administration in Africa, the Berlin and Brussels Conferences, and the experience of the Congo Free State. It is out of these experiences and events that the idea of trusteeship emerges as a recognized and accepted practice of international society. The chapter has five sections: the first discusses British attitudes towards Africa; the second looks at Lord Lugard's ‘dual mandate’ principle of colonial administration—the proposal that the exploitation of Africa's natural wealth should reciprocally benefit the industrial classes of Europe and the native population of Africa; the third discusses the Berlin Conference of 1884–1885 and the Brussels Conference of 1890; the fourth describes trusteeship in relation to the Congo Free State. The fifth section of the chapter points out the progression from the idea of trusteeship in the East India Company's dominion in India—in which the improvement of native peoples would come about rapidly and result in institutional forms and practices that closely resembled those in Europe—to a new incrementalist approach in which societies and people were thought of as occupying different rungs on a progressive ‘ladder of civilization’, and, depending on their stage of development on this ladder, were suited to different forms of constitution.Less
Examines the internationalization of trusteeship as it arose in the context of British colonial administration in Africa, the Berlin and Brussels Conferences, and the experience of the Congo Free State. It is out of these experiences and events that the idea of trusteeship emerges as a recognized and accepted practice of international society. The chapter has five sections: the first discusses British attitudes towards Africa; the second looks at Lord Lugard's ‘dual mandate’ principle of colonial administration—the proposal that the exploitation of Africa's natural wealth should reciprocally benefit the industrial classes of Europe and the native population of Africa; the third discusses the Berlin Conference of 1884–1885 and the Brussels Conference of 1890; the fourth describes trusteeship in relation to the Congo Free State. The fifth section of the chapter points out the progression from the idea of trusteeship in the East India Company's dominion in India—in which the improvement of native peoples would come about rapidly and result in institutional forms and practices that closely resembled those in Europe—to a new incrementalist approach in which societies and people were thought of as occupying different rungs on a progressive ‘ladder of civilization’, and, depending on their stage of development on this ladder, were suited to different forms of constitution.
Joan Mickelson Gaughan
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780198092148
- eISBN:
- 9780199082780
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198092148.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Social History
In 1615, the Directors of the East India Company saw only two roles that women might play in India—either they would encumber what the Company was about or they could be spiritual emotional supports ...
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In 1615, the Directors of the East India Company saw only two roles that women might play in India—either they would encumber what the Company was about or they could be spiritual emotional supports for the men to whom they were attached. Ultimately, they would play both roles but also carve out their own as well. Beginning in the 1650s, hoping to counteract the influence of Catholic, primarily Portuguese, women, the Directors lifted its earlier ban and sent out the first ‘fishing fleets’ hoping that the presence of English women would improve morals and provide Protestant progeny in their factories. Besides marriage, women also became partners with their husbands in trade, as well as operating businesses of their own. The period from 1757 to about 1800 witnessed the arrival of more women who came out to India to ‘fish’ for wealthy nabobs. As in the earlier period, women could be engaged in other economic ventures, specifically the managing of taverns, millinery shops, and boarding schools. By the end of the century, however, all three sources of economic independence had disappeared. The fact of empire, however, allowed women in the early nineteenth century to not only take active roles in the area of missionary work but to explore India far more fully than they had ever been able to before. Their journals, letters, diaries, and commentaries indicate curiosity and often affection for India on the one hand, but also, about two decades before the Mutiny, a closing of their minds.Less
In 1615, the Directors of the East India Company saw only two roles that women might play in India—either they would encumber what the Company was about or they could be spiritual emotional supports for the men to whom they were attached. Ultimately, they would play both roles but also carve out their own as well. Beginning in the 1650s, hoping to counteract the influence of Catholic, primarily Portuguese, women, the Directors lifted its earlier ban and sent out the first ‘fishing fleets’ hoping that the presence of English women would improve morals and provide Protestant progeny in their factories. Besides marriage, women also became partners with their husbands in trade, as well as operating businesses of their own. The period from 1757 to about 1800 witnessed the arrival of more women who came out to India to ‘fish’ for wealthy nabobs. As in the earlier period, women could be engaged in other economic ventures, specifically the managing of taverns, millinery shops, and boarding schools. By the end of the century, however, all three sources of economic independence had disappeared. The fact of empire, however, allowed women in the early nineteenth century to not only take active roles in the area of missionary work but to explore India far more fully than they had ever been able to before. Their journals, letters, diaries, and commentaries indicate curiosity and often affection for India on the one hand, but also, about two decades before the Mutiny, a closing of their minds.
Máire ní Fhlathúin
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780748640683
- eISBN:
- 9781474415996
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748640683.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
The book traces the development of British Indian literature from the early days of the nineteenth century to the end of the Victorian period. Previously unstudied poems and essays drawn from the ...
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The book traces the development of British Indian literature from the early days of the nineteenth century to the end of the Victorian period. Previously unstudied poems and essays drawn from the thriving periodicals culture of British India are examined alongside novels and travel-writing by authors including Philip Meadows Taylor, Emma Roberts and Rudyard Kipling, and the historical narratives of James Tod. Opening with an overview and discussion of the literary marketplace of the early nineteenth century, it moves on to the analysis of key moments, events and concerns of Victorian India, including the legacy of the Hastings impeachment, the Indian ‘Mutiny’, the sati controversy, and the rise of Bengal nationalism. These are re-assessed within their literary and political contexts, emphasising the engagement of British writers with canonical British literature (Scott, Byron) as well as the mythology and historiography of India and their own responses to their immediate surroundings. The book examines representations of the experience of being in India, in chapters on the poetry and prose of exile, and the dynamics of consumption. It also analyses colonial representations of the landscape and societies of India itself, in chapters on the figure of the bandit / hero, female agency and self-sacrifice, and the use of historiography to enlist indigenous narratives in the project of Empire.Less
The book traces the development of British Indian literature from the early days of the nineteenth century to the end of the Victorian period. Previously unstudied poems and essays drawn from the thriving periodicals culture of British India are examined alongside novels and travel-writing by authors including Philip Meadows Taylor, Emma Roberts and Rudyard Kipling, and the historical narratives of James Tod. Opening with an overview and discussion of the literary marketplace of the early nineteenth century, it moves on to the analysis of key moments, events and concerns of Victorian India, including the legacy of the Hastings impeachment, the Indian ‘Mutiny’, the sati controversy, and the rise of Bengal nationalism. These are re-assessed within their literary and political contexts, emphasising the engagement of British writers with canonical British literature (Scott, Byron) as well as the mythology and historiography of India and their own responses to their immediate surroundings. The book examines representations of the experience of being in India, in chapters on the poetry and prose of exile, and the dynamics of consumption. It also analyses colonial representations of the landscape and societies of India itself, in chapters on the figure of the bandit / hero, female agency and self-sacrifice, and the use of historiography to enlist indigenous narratives in the project of Empire.
Ralph Crane and Radhika Mohanram
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781846318962
- eISBN:
- 9781781380970
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781846318962.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, World Literature
Within postcolonial studies, Britain’s long contact with India has been read generally only within the context of imperialism to inform our understanding of race, gender, identity, and power within ...
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Within postcolonial studies, Britain’s long contact with India has been read generally only within the context of imperialism to inform our understanding of race, gender, identity, and power within colonialism. Yet postcolonial interpretations that focus on such single dimensions of identity risk disregarding the sense of displacement, discontinuities, and discomforts that compromised everyday life for the British in India—the Anglo-Indians—during the Raj. Imperialism as Diaspora reconsiders the urgencies, governing principles, and modes of being of the Anglo-Indians by approaching Britain’s imperial relationship with India from new, interdisciplinary directions. Moving freely between the disciplines of literature, history, and art this new work offers readers a more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of the lives of Anglo-Indians. Focusing on the years between the Indian Mutiny of 1857 and Independence in1947—the period of the British Raj in India—Imperialism as Diaspora at once sets in motion the multidisciplinary fields of cultural and social history, art and iconography, and literary productions while carefully maintaining the tension between imperialism and diaspora in a ground-breaking reassessment of Anglo-India. The authors examine the seamless continuum between cultural history, the semiotics of art, and Anglo-Indian literary works. Specifically, they focus on the influence of the Sepoy Mutiny on Anglo-Indian identity; the trope of duty and the white man’s burden on the racialization of Anglo-India; the role of the missionary and the status of Christianity in India; and gender, love and contamination within mixed marriages. Less
Within postcolonial studies, Britain’s long contact with India has been read generally only within the context of imperialism to inform our understanding of race, gender, identity, and power within colonialism. Yet postcolonial interpretations that focus on such single dimensions of identity risk disregarding the sense of displacement, discontinuities, and discomforts that compromised everyday life for the British in India—the Anglo-Indians—during the Raj. Imperialism as Diaspora reconsiders the urgencies, governing principles, and modes of being of the Anglo-Indians by approaching Britain’s imperial relationship with India from new, interdisciplinary directions. Moving freely between the disciplines of literature, history, and art this new work offers readers a more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of the lives of Anglo-Indians. Focusing on the years between the Indian Mutiny of 1857 and Independence in1947—the period of the British Raj in India—Imperialism as Diaspora at once sets in motion the multidisciplinary fields of cultural and social history, art and iconography, and literary productions while carefully maintaining the tension between imperialism and diaspora in a ground-breaking reassessment of Anglo-India. The authors examine the seamless continuum between cultural history, the semiotics of art, and Anglo-Indian literary works. Specifically, they focus on the influence of the Sepoy Mutiny on Anglo-Indian identity; the trope of duty and the white man’s burden on the racialization of Anglo-India; the role of the missionary and the status of Christianity in India; and gender, love and contamination within mixed marriages.
D. A. Washbrook
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205654
- eISBN:
- 9780191676734
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205654.003.0018
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History, British and Irish Modern History
India was subjected to a battery of changes aimed at drawing it more closely under the authority of Britain and converting its culture and institutions to Western and Anglicist norms and forms. Its ...
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India was subjected to a battery of changes aimed at drawing it more closely under the authority of Britain and converting its culture and institutions to Western and Anglicist norms and forms. Its social economy became increasingly agrarian and peasant-based. It addresses the following question: why and how did British rule itself affect the imperatives towards the reconstruction of a traditional India? The received historiography has been guilty of too eclectic an approach to the discourse(s) of colonialism, and also of overemphasizing the significance of discourse (and texts) at the expense of analyses of both institutional practice and politico-economic context. The economics of backwardness is elaborated. Next, it deals with the traditionalization of Indian society. The contradictions continued after the Mutiny, although taking on different forms. Technological transformation increased in intensity. These developments enabled Indian primary products to finally find outlets on world markets. After the Mutiny, the Westernizing and Orientalizing propensities of colonial rule still remained in tension, although as the century advanced a new element also began to enter their relationship.Less
India was subjected to a battery of changes aimed at drawing it more closely under the authority of Britain and converting its culture and institutions to Western and Anglicist norms and forms. Its social economy became increasingly agrarian and peasant-based. It addresses the following question: why and how did British rule itself affect the imperatives towards the reconstruction of a traditional India? The received historiography has been guilty of too eclectic an approach to the discourse(s) of colonialism, and also of overemphasizing the significance of discourse (and texts) at the expense of analyses of both institutional practice and politico-economic context. The economics of backwardness is elaborated. Next, it deals with the traditionalization of Indian society. The contradictions continued after the Mutiny, although taking on different forms. Technological transformation increased in intensity. These developments enabled Indian primary products to finally find outlets on world markets. After the Mutiny, the Westernizing and Orientalizing propensities of colonial rule still remained in tension, although as the century advanced a new element also began to enter their relationship.
B. R. Nanda
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195658279
- eISBN:
- 9780199081394
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195658279.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Indian History
This chapter discusses Syed Ahmad Khan, whose family was closely connected to the Mughal court. The chapter begins with a section on Khan’s childhood and his decision to accept a job in the East ...
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This chapter discusses Syed Ahmad Khan, whose family was closely connected to the Mughal court. The chapter begins with a section on Khan’s childhood and his decision to accept a job in the East India Company, a decision protested by his family members. It then looks at the start of his official career as an apprentice in the court of the Sadr Amin at Delhi, and how he became a Sadr Amin in less than twenty years. It describes Khan as pro-British, and narrates his successful efforts to negotiate the release of the British officers and their families who were posted in Bijnor. The chapter also studies the Mutiny of 1857 and Khan’s role in bridging the gap between the Indian Muslims and the British government.Less
This chapter discusses Syed Ahmad Khan, whose family was closely connected to the Mughal court. The chapter begins with a section on Khan’s childhood and his decision to accept a job in the East India Company, a decision protested by his family members. It then looks at the start of his official career as an apprentice in the court of the Sadr Amin at Delhi, and how he became a Sadr Amin in less than twenty years. It describes Khan as pro-British, and narrates his successful efforts to negotiate the release of the British officers and their families who were posted in Bijnor. The chapter also studies the Mutiny of 1857 and Khan’s role in bridging the gap between the Indian Muslims and the British government.
Andrew Glazzard
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781474431293
- eISBN:
- 9781474453769
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474431293.003.0013
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
The Sign of Four was Conan Doyle’s second attempt at rewriting Wilkie Collins’s landmark detective novel The Moonstone. His fi rst, published between A Study in Scarlet and The Sign of Four, was The ...
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The Sign of Four was Conan Doyle’s second attempt at rewriting Wilkie Collins’s landmark detective novel The Moonstone. His fi rst, published between A Study in Scarlet and The Sign of Four, was The Mystery of Cloomber (1888), a short novel that Doyle later came to regard as mere apprentice work. It is certainly derivative: its setting in a coastal village in south-west Scotland is strongly redolent of Stevenson, with an atmosphere recalling that of some of Doyle’s favourites, such as ‘The Pavilion on the Links’ (1880). Technically, though, it follows Collins in its use of multiple narrators presenting their testimony, some of which takes the form of legalised witness statements and other official documents. But the influence of Collins is even more apparent in The Mystery of Cloomber’s characters, plot and orientalist tropes.Less
The Sign of Four was Conan Doyle’s second attempt at rewriting Wilkie Collins’s landmark detective novel The Moonstone. His fi rst, published between A Study in Scarlet and The Sign of Four, was The Mystery of Cloomber (1888), a short novel that Doyle later came to regard as mere apprentice work. It is certainly derivative: its setting in a coastal village in south-west Scotland is strongly redolent of Stevenson, with an atmosphere recalling that of some of Doyle’s favourites, such as ‘The Pavilion on the Links’ (1880). Technically, though, it follows Collins in its use of multiple narrators presenting their testimony, some of which takes the form of legalised witness statements and other official documents. But the influence of Collins is even more apparent in The Mystery of Cloomber’s characters, plot and orientalist tropes.
Maggie Dwyer
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- June 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190876074
- eISBN:
- 9780190943134
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190876074.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Conflict Politics and Policy
Soldiers in Revolt examines the understudied phenomenon of military mutinies in Africa. Through interviews with former mutineers in Sierra Leone, Burkina Faso, and The Gambia, the book provides a ...
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Soldiers in Revolt examines the understudied phenomenon of military mutinies in Africa. Through interviews with former mutineers in Sierra Leone, Burkina Faso, and The Gambia, the book provides a unique and intimate perspective on those who take the risky decision to revolt. This view from the lower ranks is key to comprehending the internal struggles that can threaten a military's ability to function effectively. Maggie Dwyer's detailed accounts of specific revolts are complemented by an original dataset of West African mutinies covering more than fifty years, allowing for the identification of trends. Her book shows the complex ways mutineers often formulate and interpret their grievances against a backdrop of domestic and global politics. Just as mutineers have been influenced by the political landscape, so too have they shaped it. Mutinies have challenged political and military leaders, spurred social unrest, led to civilian casualties, threatened peacekeeping efforts and, in extreme cases, resulted in international interventions. Soldiers in Revolt offers a better understanding of West African mutinies and mutinies in general, valuable not only for military studies but for anyone interested in the complex dynamics of African states.Less
Soldiers in Revolt examines the understudied phenomenon of military mutinies in Africa. Through interviews with former mutineers in Sierra Leone, Burkina Faso, and The Gambia, the book provides a unique and intimate perspective on those who take the risky decision to revolt. This view from the lower ranks is key to comprehending the internal struggles that can threaten a military's ability to function effectively. Maggie Dwyer's detailed accounts of specific revolts are complemented by an original dataset of West African mutinies covering more than fifty years, allowing for the identification of trends. Her book shows the complex ways mutineers often formulate and interpret their grievances against a backdrop of domestic and global politics. Just as mutineers have been influenced by the political landscape, so too have they shaped it. Mutinies have challenged political and military leaders, spurred social unrest, led to civilian casualties, threatened peacekeeping efforts and, in extreme cases, resulted in international interventions. Soldiers in Revolt offers a better understanding of West African mutinies and mutinies in general, valuable not only for military studies but for anyone interested in the complex dynamics of African states.
Nathan Katz
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520213234
- eISBN:
- 9780520920729
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520213234.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
The Lal Dewal (Red Temple) is Pune's most famous landmark. Its steeple dominates much of the old British cantonment. The Mizrachi Jews acquired their Baghdadi identity via a series of encounters with ...
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The Lal Dewal (Red Temple) is Pune's most famous landmark. Its steeple dominates much of the old British cantonment. The Mizrachi Jews acquired their Baghdadi identity via a series of encounters with other groups, both Gentile and Jewish. Bene Israel significantly affected the Baghdadis. The Mutiny exploded deep tensions stemming from heavy-handed British rule and the Indians' furious sense of disenfranchisement. The poisoned atmosphere in the wake of the Mutiny made the Baghdadis' identity as middlemen untenable. During the twentieth century, English eclipsed Arabic as the mother language in most Baghdadi homes, led by the wealthy. Clothing and cuisine were expressions of identity among the Baghdadis in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Norman Nahoum perceives deep cultural similarities between Indic and Judaic civilizations. Nahoum recognizes that his new, proud Indian-Jewish identity is “an absolute reversal of the thought that has been inculcated in our minds for years”.Less
The Lal Dewal (Red Temple) is Pune's most famous landmark. Its steeple dominates much of the old British cantonment. The Mizrachi Jews acquired their Baghdadi identity via a series of encounters with other groups, both Gentile and Jewish. Bene Israel significantly affected the Baghdadis. The Mutiny exploded deep tensions stemming from heavy-handed British rule and the Indians' furious sense of disenfranchisement. The poisoned atmosphere in the wake of the Mutiny made the Baghdadis' identity as middlemen untenable. During the twentieth century, English eclipsed Arabic as the mother language in most Baghdadi homes, led by the wealthy. Clothing and cuisine were expressions of identity among the Baghdadis in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Norman Nahoum perceives deep cultural similarities between Indic and Judaic civilizations. Nahoum recognizes that his new, proud Indian-Jewish identity is “an absolute reversal of the thought that has been inculcated in our minds for years”.
Jacob Shell
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262029339
- eISBN:
- 9780262330404
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262029339.003.0002
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Cultural and Historical Geography
The chapter links the topic of subversive transportation to a discussion of physical geography. Political regimes may perceive some geophysical settings as especially resistant to road-building ...
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The chapter links the topic of subversive transportation to a discussion of physical geography. Political regimes may perceive some geophysical settings as especially resistant to road-building projects. By extension, regimes may perceive (correctly, in many cases) that local forms of transportation whose niche is movement across these road-resistant geophysical zones must also hold a special value for subversive groups seeking mobility beyond the spaces of the state. As examples, the chapter discusses the use of elephants for transport across muddy rainforests; camels for transport across sandy deserts; and sled-dogs for transport across icy tundra and sea ice. Transport by carrier pigeon and watercraft are also briefly discussed. This discussion extends to many different places in the world: northern India, the uplands of Burma, central and east Africa, Australia, Siberia, and the canals and river docks of Shanghai.Less
The chapter links the topic of subversive transportation to a discussion of physical geography. Political regimes may perceive some geophysical settings as especially resistant to road-building projects. By extension, regimes may perceive (correctly, in many cases) that local forms of transportation whose niche is movement across these road-resistant geophysical zones must also hold a special value for subversive groups seeking mobility beyond the spaces of the state. As examples, the chapter discusses the use of elephants for transport across muddy rainforests; camels for transport across sandy deserts; and sled-dogs for transport across icy tundra and sea ice. Transport by carrier pigeon and watercraft are also briefly discussed. This discussion extends to many different places in the world: northern India, the uplands of Burma, central and east Africa, Australia, Siberia, and the canals and river docks of Shanghai.
Rudolph J. Vecoli and Francesco Durante
Donna R. Gabaccia (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780823279869
- eISBN:
- 9780823281428
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823279869.003.0002
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This chapter chronicles Celso Cesare Moreno's exploits in Asia, beginning with his decision to take to the sea like other Italian missionaries, explorers, and traders before him, such as Marco Polo ...
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This chapter chronicles Celso Cesare Moreno's exploits in Asia, beginning with his decision to take to the sea like other Italian missionaries, explorers, and traders before him, such as Marco Polo and Vasco da Gama. Moreno's initial zone of activity was the Mediterranean, but he later made his way to the Cape of Good Hope, the Horn of Africa, the Red Sea, and finally, India. Arriving in Calcutta in June 1859, Moreno became entangled in a bitter dispute with Giovanni Casella, a successful merchant, and Father Vincenzo Bruno, a missionary. The chapter also considers Moreno's role in the Sepoy Mutiny during his time in India; his “discovery” of Sumatra; his sojourn in China, where he became involved in the Taiping Rebellion; his failed attempt to convince the Italian government to establish a colony in Sumatra; his efforts to sell Sumatra to Napoleon III; and his travel to Indochina to explore scantly known regions, among other objectives.Less
This chapter chronicles Celso Cesare Moreno's exploits in Asia, beginning with his decision to take to the sea like other Italian missionaries, explorers, and traders before him, such as Marco Polo and Vasco da Gama. Moreno's initial zone of activity was the Mediterranean, but he later made his way to the Cape of Good Hope, the Horn of Africa, the Red Sea, and finally, India. Arriving in Calcutta in June 1859, Moreno became entangled in a bitter dispute with Giovanni Casella, a successful merchant, and Father Vincenzo Bruno, a missionary. The chapter also considers Moreno's role in the Sepoy Mutiny during his time in India; his “discovery” of Sumatra; his sojourn in China, where he became involved in the Taiping Rebellion; his failed attempt to convince the Italian government to establish a colony in Sumatra; his efforts to sell Sumatra to Napoleon III; and his travel to Indochina to explore scantly known regions, among other objectives.
Thaddeus M. Romansky
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780823279753
- eISBN:
- 9780823281503
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823279753.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, American History: Civil War
In this essay, Thaddeus Romansky addresses expressions of national loyalty among African-Americans who joined the Union army. African-Americans both in and out of slavery were stigmatized and thought ...
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In this essay, Thaddeus Romansky addresses expressions of national loyalty among African-Americans who joined the Union army. African-Americans both in and out of slavery were stigmatized and thought by many to be incapable of loyalty and citizenship. Military service, however, opened a way to take agency in achieving emancipation while laying claim to the status of loyal men in American society. Focusing on military protests of abusive treatment by white officers, Romansky contends that black soldiers saw the loyalty of their military service as entitling them to equal and fair treatment in the ranks. The author characterizes these protests as reflecting the internalization of broadly held notions of rights, liberty, and resistance to tyranny that formed the core of republicanism. In other ways, however, the sensitivity to claims of equality stemmed from long-suffered racial discrimination. Thus notions of loyalty were complicated by the issue of their race.Less
In this essay, Thaddeus Romansky addresses expressions of national loyalty among African-Americans who joined the Union army. African-Americans both in and out of slavery were stigmatized and thought by many to be incapable of loyalty and citizenship. Military service, however, opened a way to take agency in achieving emancipation while laying claim to the status of loyal men in American society. Focusing on military protests of abusive treatment by white officers, Romansky contends that black soldiers saw the loyalty of their military service as entitling them to equal and fair treatment in the ranks. The author characterizes these protests as reflecting the internalization of broadly held notions of rights, liberty, and resistance to tyranny that formed the core of republicanism. In other ways, however, the sensitivity to claims of equality stemmed from long-suffered racial discrimination. Thus notions of loyalty were complicated by the issue of their race.
Maggie Dwyer
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- June 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190876074
- eISBN:
- 9780190943134
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190876074.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Conflict Politics and Policy
This chapter introduces the study of mutinies and highlights the lack of academic attention on this type of revolt in an African context. It lays out the book’s two overarching themes. One is that ...
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This chapter introduces the study of mutinies and highlights the lack of academic attention on this type of revolt in an African context. It lays out the book’s two overarching themes. One is that mutineers are usually driven by a combination of material demands and a perceived injustice. The other theme is that soldiers use mutinies to communicate with senior leadership. The chapter then demonstrates how this interpretation challenges other understandings of mutinies.Less
This chapter introduces the study of mutinies and highlights the lack of academic attention on this type of revolt in an African context. It lays out the book’s two overarching themes. One is that mutineers are usually driven by a combination of material demands and a perceived injustice. The other theme is that soldiers use mutinies to communicate with senior leadership. The chapter then demonstrates how this interpretation challenges other understandings of mutinies.
B. R. Nanda
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195647518
- eISBN:
- 9780199081400
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195647518.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Indian Politics
This chapter focuses on uprisings against the British in Maharashtra during the nineteenth century. The first uprising occurred in 1844 at Kolhapur, where the garrison, provoked by an Anglophile but ...
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This chapter focuses on uprisings against the British in Maharashtra during the nineteenth century. The first uprising occurred in 1844 at Kolhapur, where the garrison, provoked by an Anglophile but unscrupulous minister, refused to pay revenue. Thirteen years after this short-lived insurrection came the revolt of 1857, which shook the foundations of the British rule in northern India. The echoes of the Mutiny were heard in Kolhapur on 31 July 1857, when about 200 men of the 27th Native Infantry plundered the treasury and attacked the living quarters of British officers. The last armed revolt, twenty-two years after the Mutiny, was led not by a member of the princely order, but by an obscure Brahman youth by the name of Wasudeo Balwant Phadke.Less
This chapter focuses on uprisings against the British in Maharashtra during the nineteenth century. The first uprising occurred in 1844 at Kolhapur, where the garrison, provoked by an Anglophile but unscrupulous minister, refused to pay revenue. Thirteen years after this short-lived insurrection came the revolt of 1857, which shook the foundations of the British rule in northern India. The echoes of the Mutiny were heard in Kolhapur on 31 July 1857, when about 200 men of the 27th Native Infantry plundered the treasury and attacked the living quarters of British officers. The last armed revolt, twenty-two years after the Mutiny, was led not by a member of the princely order, but by an obscure Brahman youth by the name of Wasudeo Balwant Phadke.
Bob Tennant
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199567850
- eISBN:
- 9780191747366
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199567850.003.0009
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
The final chapter shows that by the mid-century the missionary societies were serving the colonial Churches rather than the home Church’s agenda. The anniversary sermons declined in status and then ...
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The final chapter shows that by the mid-century the missionary societies were serving the colonial Churches rather than the home Church’s agenda. The anniversary sermons declined in status and then (with the SPG and SPCK) ceased publication altogether, the anniversary events becoming merely ceremonial showcases. By contrast, the pulpit in Australia is shown exercising a central practical role in preaching the Church’s mission. In India the work of the new churches was disturbed by the ‘Indian Mutiny’ much less than was morale at home, while visits by colonial clergy began to be keynotes for the maintenance of missionary society activity less at national than diocesan and local level, where support of overseas missions continued to grow as an expression of faith.Less
The final chapter shows that by the mid-century the missionary societies were serving the colonial Churches rather than the home Church’s agenda. The anniversary sermons declined in status and then (with the SPG and SPCK) ceased publication altogether, the anniversary events becoming merely ceremonial showcases. By contrast, the pulpit in Australia is shown exercising a central practical role in preaching the Church’s mission. In India the work of the new churches was disturbed by the ‘Indian Mutiny’ much less than was morale at home, while visits by colonial clergy began to be keynotes for the maintenance of missionary society activity less at national than diocesan and local level, where support of overseas missions continued to grow as an expression of faith.
Nathan Wise
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780252041839
- eISBN:
- 9780252050503
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252041839.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, Economic History
In May-June, 1863, over one hundred men of the 2nd Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment, veterans of over two years of hard fighting throughout the Eastern Theatre of the American Civil War, conducted a ...
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In May-June, 1863, over one hundred men of the 2nd Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment, veterans of over two years of hard fighting throughout the Eastern Theatre of the American Civil War, conducted a protest against their treatment by military authorities. Fifty-five years later, in September 1918, several battalions of volunteers from the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) conducted a similar series of protests on the Western Front, also as a form of resistance to their treatment by military authorities. These were very different fighting forces in two very different wars, but there are remarkable similarities in the causes of their respective actions, in the sentiment expressed by the soldiers, in the nonviolent nature of the action, and in the eventual resolution of the issues at the heart of the action. This chapter explores those key aspects of these protests through a close comparative analysis. It relies primarily on written accounts both from individuals involved in the strikes and from individuals involved in resolving the strikes, in order to understand common environmental factors and psychological concerns shared by men of the 2nd Maine Regiment in 1863 and the battalions of the Australian Imperial Force in 1918. Finally, the approach used in this paper focuses on the experiences of soldiers as workers within the military, and through this approach this paper seeks to draw out broader conclusions about the cultural links between civil society and military environments.Less
In May-June, 1863, over one hundred men of the 2nd Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment, veterans of over two years of hard fighting throughout the Eastern Theatre of the American Civil War, conducted a protest against their treatment by military authorities. Fifty-five years later, in September 1918, several battalions of volunteers from the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) conducted a similar series of protests on the Western Front, also as a form of resistance to their treatment by military authorities. These were very different fighting forces in two very different wars, but there are remarkable similarities in the causes of their respective actions, in the sentiment expressed by the soldiers, in the nonviolent nature of the action, and in the eventual resolution of the issues at the heart of the action. This chapter explores those key aspects of these protests through a close comparative analysis. It relies primarily on written accounts both from individuals involved in the strikes and from individuals involved in resolving the strikes, in order to understand common environmental factors and psychological concerns shared by men of the 2nd Maine Regiment in 1863 and the battalions of the Australian Imperial Force in 1918. Finally, the approach used in this paper focuses on the experiences of soldiers as workers within the military, and through this approach this paper seeks to draw out broader conclusions about the cultural links between civil society and military environments.
Peters Laura
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780719064265
- eISBN:
- 9781781705728
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719064265.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
Chapter four, ‘Racial Difference: Savages, Mutinies and Revolution’ explores the explosive Indian Mutiny of 1857, identifying Dickens’s response as multifaceted. The chapter reads both the ...
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Chapter four, ‘Racial Difference: Savages, Mutinies and Revolution’ explores the explosive Indian Mutiny of 1857, identifying Dickens’s response as multifaceted. The chapter reads both the co-authored ‘Perils of Certain English Prisoners and Their Treasure in Women, Children, Silver and Jewels’ and A Tale of Two Cities in a context of adventure narratives, expeditions, and racial shows revealing what Octave Mannoni terms a well established colonial complex.Less
Chapter four, ‘Racial Difference: Savages, Mutinies and Revolution’ explores the explosive Indian Mutiny of 1857, identifying Dickens’s response as multifaceted. The chapter reads both the co-authored ‘Perils of Certain English Prisoners and Their Treasure in Women, Children, Silver and Jewels’ and A Tale of Two Cities in a context of adventure narratives, expeditions, and racial shows revealing what Octave Mannoni terms a well established colonial complex.
Angela McCarthy and T.M. Devine
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781526119056
- eISBN:
- 9781526128201
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526119056.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
From his first arrival in Ceylon, James Taylor showed awareness of the ethnic diversity of the population, especially Tamil and Sinhalese estate labour. This chapter examines his impressions of the ...
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From his first arrival in Ceylon, James Taylor showed awareness of the ethnic diversity of the population, especially Tamil and Sinhalese estate labour. This chapter examines his impressions of the workforce and those of other peoples whom he encountered during his four decades in Ceylon. Particular attention is given to his perceptions at the time of the Indian ‘Mutiny’ and his graphic testimony of that event. His opinions are not treated in a vacuum but within the broader context of nineteenth-century racial thought. The chapter concludes with a tantalising account of his intimate interracial encounters.Less
From his first arrival in Ceylon, James Taylor showed awareness of the ethnic diversity of the population, especially Tamil and Sinhalese estate labour. This chapter examines his impressions of the workforce and those of other peoples whom he encountered during his four decades in Ceylon. Particular attention is given to his perceptions at the time of the Indian ‘Mutiny’ and his graphic testimony of that event. His opinions are not treated in a vacuum but within the broader context of nineteenth-century racial thought. The chapter concludes with a tantalising account of his intimate interracial encounters.
Robert Cassanello
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780813044194
- eISBN:
- 9780813046495
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813044194.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
The Civil War created conditions in Jacksonville where public spaces in the city were more democratized for black residents. At the same time, the U.S. military emerged as a mediator between citizens ...
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The Civil War created conditions in Jacksonville where public spaces in the city were more democratized for black residents. At the same time, the U.S. military emerged as a mediator between citizens and the state to regulate spaces. The military, northern white missionaries, and blacks were all important actors in producing public spaces in the city.Less
The Civil War created conditions in Jacksonville where public spaces in the city were more democratized for black residents. At the same time, the U.S. military emerged as a mediator between citizens and the state to regulate spaces. The military, northern white missionaries, and blacks were all important actors in producing public spaces in the city.
Njeri Githire
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252038785
- eISBN:
- 9780252096747
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252038785.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, Women's Literature
This chapter examines the use of the trope of hunger in Lindsey Collen's There is a Tide (1990) and Mutiny (2001) to dispel the myth of Mauritius as a model of paradise that permeates historical, ...
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This chapter examines the use of the trope of hunger in Lindsey Collen's There is a Tide (1990) and Mutiny (2001) to dispel the myth of Mauritius as a model of paradise that permeates historical, travel, and literary writing. In these texts, the plight of characters debilitated by lack of nourishment, literally and metaphorically, and symbolically consumed by the ravenous, parasitic apotheoses of capitalist market relations points to cannibalism as the ultimate act of domination. Specifically, Collen draws an analogy between the historic slavery that had been the economic basis of the island as a plantation colony, and contemporary economic processes that commodify bodies in the production of consumable goods. In this general scenario of cannibalistic cravings that threaten the autonomy of physical and national bodies, the predicament of the Chagossians (or Chagos Islanders)—forcibly displaced to Mauritius after their island was expropriated and turned into a strategic lynchpin for U.S. military operations in the Middle East and the wider Indian Ocean region—evokes territorial appropriation as spatial cannibalism par excellence. The chapter also highlights the newer forms of cannibal intent that continue to define islands' contact and subsequent negotiations with consumer culture.Less
This chapter examines the use of the trope of hunger in Lindsey Collen's There is a Tide (1990) and Mutiny (2001) to dispel the myth of Mauritius as a model of paradise that permeates historical, travel, and literary writing. In these texts, the plight of characters debilitated by lack of nourishment, literally and metaphorically, and symbolically consumed by the ravenous, parasitic apotheoses of capitalist market relations points to cannibalism as the ultimate act of domination. Specifically, Collen draws an analogy between the historic slavery that had been the economic basis of the island as a plantation colony, and contemporary economic processes that commodify bodies in the production of consumable goods. In this general scenario of cannibalistic cravings that threaten the autonomy of physical and national bodies, the predicament of the Chagossians (or Chagos Islanders)—forcibly displaced to Mauritius after their island was expropriated and turned into a strategic lynchpin for U.S. military operations in the Middle East and the wider Indian Ocean region—evokes territorial appropriation as spatial cannibalism par excellence. The chapter also highlights the newer forms of cannibal intent that continue to define islands' contact and subsequent negotiations with consumer culture.
