Esra Özyürek
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691162782
- eISBN:
- 9781400852710
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691162782.003.0003
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This chapter looks at how converted German Muslims seek to practice a so-called true Islam stripped of cultural accretions. In its indigenous German Muslim context, an Islam free of culture means an ...
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This chapter looks at how converted German Muslims seek to practice a so-called true Islam stripped of cultural accretions. In its indigenous German Muslim context, an Islam free of culture means an Islam that has been purged of its often-stigmatized Arab and Turkish cultural practices. Once rectified like this, the reasoning goes, Islam will be more in line not only with its original spirit but also with European ideals of democracy, freedom, and tolerance. In that way, a purified Islam, in the German context, becomes an effort to connect German converts to their parents rather than differentiate them. This process sets apart immigrant Muslims, who are delineated by their traditional and hence by definition “wrong” Islamic practices.Less
This chapter looks at how converted German Muslims seek to practice a so-called true Islam stripped of cultural accretions. In its indigenous German Muslim context, an Islam free of culture means an Islam that has been purged of its often-stigmatized Arab and Turkish cultural practices. Once rectified like this, the reasoning goes, Islam will be more in line not only with its original spirit but also with European ideals of democracy, freedom, and tolerance. In that way, a purified Islam, in the German context, becomes an effort to connect German converts to their parents rather than differentiate them. This process sets apart immigrant Muslims, who are delineated by their traditional and hence by definition “wrong” Islamic practices.
Fenella Fleischmann and Jaap Dronkers
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199732180
- eISBN:
- 9780199866182
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199732180.003.0012
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This chapter examines the economic integration of first- and second-generation immigrants into thirteen countries in Europe, considering several possible determinants of successful integration, ...
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This chapter examines the economic integration of first- and second-generation immigrants into thirteen countries in Europe, considering several possible determinants of successful integration, including the immigrant's own education and the education of the immigrant's parents. In general, both the immigrant's own educational attainment and the immigrant's parents' education do affect integration. That is, better-educated immigrants from more educated families are more successfully integrated. Various other factors also strongly affect the degree of integration, however. Country of origin matters: immigrants in the EU from Eastern Europe and Central Asia fare less well than immigrants from Western European countries, for example. The welfare regime in the receiving country also affects immigrant incorporation: immigrants in nations with social democratic regimes have more success integrating than immigrants in the liberal regimes (like the United Kingdom and Ireland), and also more success than immigrants in the conservative welfare regimes of Spain and Italy. Other things held equal, Muslim immigrants were also less integrated economically than others and had lower returns to education than non-Muslims.Less
This chapter examines the economic integration of first- and second-generation immigrants into thirteen countries in Europe, considering several possible determinants of successful integration, including the immigrant's own education and the education of the immigrant's parents. In general, both the immigrant's own educational attainment and the immigrant's parents' education do affect integration. That is, better-educated immigrants from more educated families are more successfully integrated. Various other factors also strongly affect the degree of integration, however. Country of origin matters: immigrants in the EU from Eastern Europe and Central Asia fare less well than immigrants from Western European countries, for example. The welfare regime in the receiving country also affects immigrant incorporation: immigrants in nations with social democratic regimes have more success integrating than immigrants in the liberal regimes (like the United Kingdom and Ireland), and also more success than immigrants in the conservative welfare regimes of Spain and Italy. Other things held equal, Muslim immigrants were also less integrated economically than others and had lower returns to education than non-Muslims.
Paul M. Sniderman, Michael Bang Petersen, Rune Slothuus, and Rune Stubager
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691161105
- eISBN:
- 9781400852673
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691161105.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
The inclusion of immigrants in general and Muslim immigrants in particular is straining liberal democracies in western Europe. This chapter re-examines an earlier and more expansive understanding of ...
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The inclusion of immigrants in general and Muslim immigrants in particular is straining liberal democracies in western Europe. This chapter re-examines an earlier and more expansive understanding of tolerance. To be tolerant, it is now agreed, means to be willing to put up with others that one dislikes or ideas that one disagrees with. So understood, tolerance is a synonym for toleration. Toleration has become not merely the primary but also the sole meaning of tolerance as a value in democratic politics. The consequence has been to bury an older understanding of tolerance: to “support, nourish, maintain, sustain, preserve.” The chapter calls attention to this older understanding of tolerance because it points the way to recognizing what contemporary measures of tolerance actually are capturing. It argues that in addition to identifying those with ill will toward immigrants, standard measures of anti-immigrant attitudes also identify those whose stance toward immigrants is supportive, affirmative, and inclusive—so much so that they treat immigrants as full members of a common community.Less
The inclusion of immigrants in general and Muslim immigrants in particular is straining liberal democracies in western Europe. This chapter re-examines an earlier and more expansive understanding of tolerance. To be tolerant, it is now agreed, means to be willing to put up with others that one dislikes or ideas that one disagrees with. So understood, tolerance is a synonym for toleration. Toleration has become not merely the primary but also the sole meaning of tolerance as a value in democratic politics. The consequence has been to bury an older understanding of tolerance: to “support, nourish, maintain, sustain, preserve.” The chapter calls attention to this older understanding of tolerance because it points the way to recognizing what contemporary measures of tolerance actually are capturing. It argues that in addition to identifying those with ill will toward immigrants, standard measures of anti-immigrant attitudes also identify those whose stance toward immigrants is supportive, affirmative, and inclusive—so much so that they treat immigrants as full members of a common community.
Ousmane Oumar Kane
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199732302
- eISBN:
- 9780199894611
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199732302.003.0009
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society, Islam
This chapter begins by reviewing four theories drawn from the social movement literature which have been put forward to account for the response of the state to the religious demands of Muslim ...
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This chapter begins by reviewing four theories drawn from the social movement literature which have been put forward to account for the response of the state to the religious demands of Muslim immigrants in the West: resource mobilization, political opportunities structures, regime ideology, and preexisting modes of state-church relations. It then argues that the most determinant factors in Senegalese integration in the United States are the favorable perception of state and dominant societal actors of the receiving society and, to a lesser extent, the model of state-church separation. The chapter summarizes the argument of this book and addresses these two factors in greater detail.Less
This chapter begins by reviewing four theories drawn from the social movement literature which have been put forward to account for the response of the state to the religious demands of Muslim immigrants in the West: resource mobilization, political opportunities structures, regime ideology, and preexisting modes of state-church relations. It then argues that the most determinant factors in Senegalese integration in the United States are the favorable perception of state and dominant societal actors of the receiving society and, to a lesser extent, the model of state-church separation. The chapter summarizes the argument of this book and addresses these two factors in greater detail.
Jonathan Laurence
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691144214
- eISBN:
- 9781400840373
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691144214.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter describes the state of the relationship between immigrant-origin Muslim minorities and their Western European host countries in the twenty-first century. Just over 1 percent of the ...
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This chapter describes the state of the relationship between immigrant-origin Muslim minorities and their Western European host countries in the twenty-first century. Just over 1 percent of the world's 1.5 billion Muslims reside in Western Europe, yet this immigrant-origin minority has had a disproportionate impact on religion and politics in its new and former homelands. For host societies, Islam in Europe is no longer just a matter of ginger diplomacy with former colonies or current trading partners: the integration of Muslims has become a nation-building challenge of historical significance. Moreover, Muslims' long-term integration into European politics and society is a work in progress, as the chapter reveals the unintended consequences, the establishment of the Islam Councils, and other such complications arising from the host countries' engagement with their resident Muslim minorities.Less
This chapter describes the state of the relationship between immigrant-origin Muslim minorities and their Western European host countries in the twenty-first century. Just over 1 percent of the world's 1.5 billion Muslims reside in Western Europe, yet this immigrant-origin minority has had a disproportionate impact on religion and politics in its new and former homelands. For host societies, Islam in Europe is no longer just a matter of ginger diplomacy with former colonies or current trading partners: the integration of Muslims has become a nation-building challenge of historical significance. Moreover, Muslims' long-term integration into European politics and society is a work in progress, as the chapter reveals the unintended consequences, the establishment of the Islam Councils, and other such complications arising from the host countries' engagement with their resident Muslim minorities.
Esra Özyürek
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691162782
- eISBN:
- 9781400852710
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691162782.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
Every year more and more Europeans, including Germans, are embracing Islam. It is estimated that there are now up to 100,000 German converts—a number similar to that in France and the United Kingdom. ...
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Every year more and more Europeans, including Germans, are embracing Islam. It is estimated that there are now up to 100,000 German converts—a number similar to that in France and the United Kingdom. What stands out about recent conversions is that they take place at a time when Islam is increasingly seen as contrary to European values. This book explores how Germans come to Islam within this antagonistic climate, how they manage to balance their love for Islam with their society's fear of it, how they relate to immigrant Muslims, and how they shape debates about race, religion, and belonging in today's Europe. The book looks at how mainstream society marginalizes converts and questions their national loyalties. In turn, converts try to disassociate themselves from migrants of Muslim-majority countries and promote a denationalized Islam untainted by Turkish or Arab traditions. Some German Muslims believe that once cleansed of these accretions, the Islam that surfaces fits in well with German values and lifestyle. Others even argue that being a German Muslim is wholly compatible with the older values of the German Enlightenment. This book provides a fresh window into the connections and tensions stemming from a growing religious phenomenon in Germany and beyond.Less
Every year more and more Europeans, including Germans, are embracing Islam. It is estimated that there are now up to 100,000 German converts—a number similar to that in France and the United Kingdom. What stands out about recent conversions is that they take place at a time when Islam is increasingly seen as contrary to European values. This book explores how Germans come to Islam within this antagonistic climate, how they manage to balance their love for Islam with their society's fear of it, how they relate to immigrant Muslims, and how they shape debates about race, religion, and belonging in today's Europe. The book looks at how mainstream society marginalizes converts and questions their national loyalties. In turn, converts try to disassociate themselves from migrants of Muslim-majority countries and promote a denationalized Islam untainted by Turkish or Arab traditions. Some German Muslims believe that once cleansed of these accretions, the Islam that surfaces fits in well with German values and lifestyle. Others even argue that being a German Muslim is wholly compatible with the older values of the German Enlightenment. This book provides a fresh window into the connections and tensions stemming from a growing religious phenomenon in Germany and beyond.
Jack Tannous
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780691179094
- eISBN:
- 9780691184166
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691179094.003.0015
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
This chapter addresses how Muslims and non-Muslims lived together, side-by-side and having a shared experience. This was the case in Syria from the earliest period of Muslim rule. Arab Muslim ...
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This chapter addresses how Muslims and non-Muslims lived together, side-by-side and having a shared experience. This was the case in Syria from the earliest period of Muslim rule. Arab Muslim immigrants settled in preexisting towns and cities, and al-Jābiya and al-Ramla—two well-known Arab encampments—never took off as significant places of Muslim habitation. Outside Syria, one must also remember that the garrison cities in which Arab immigrants settled were themselves not hermetically sealed off from the populations around them. The chapter then considers some of the social milieux of exchange and vectors by which Muslims came into contact with non-Muslims—milieux where, through shared settings and shared experiences, non-Muslim ideas and practices came to be taken up by Muslims.Less
This chapter addresses how Muslims and non-Muslims lived together, side-by-side and having a shared experience. This was the case in Syria from the earliest period of Muslim rule. Arab Muslim immigrants settled in preexisting towns and cities, and al-Jābiya and al-Ramla—two well-known Arab encampments—never took off as significant places of Muslim habitation. Outside Syria, one must also remember that the garrison cities in which Arab immigrants settled were themselves not hermetically sealed off from the populations around them. The chapter then considers some of the social milieux of exchange and vectors by which Muslims came into contact with non-Muslims—milieux where, through shared settings and shared experiences, non-Muslim ideas and practices came to be taken up by Muslims.
Naomi Davidson
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801450914
- eISBN:
- 9780801465697
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801450914.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter investigates the ways in which the interplay among race, culture, and Islam was made visible in the 1970s, an era of changed immigration policy and a new direction in the state’s ...
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This chapter investigates the ways in which the interplay among race, culture, and Islam was made visible in the 1970s, an era of changed immigration policy and a new direction in the state’s management of “Muslim” immigrants. Typically assumed to be the decade of “Islam social” (social Islam), the chapter argues that while there was nothing novel about the state’s decision to use Islam as the medium for managing its relationship with populations presumed to be Muslim, what was new about the 1970s, with its social housing mosques and factory prayer rooms, was the explicitly racial and cultural terms of the debates over access to Muslim religious sites.Less
This chapter investigates the ways in which the interplay among race, culture, and Islam was made visible in the 1970s, an era of changed immigration policy and a new direction in the state’s management of “Muslim” immigrants. Typically assumed to be the decade of “Islam social” (social Islam), the chapter argues that while there was nothing novel about the state’s decision to use Islam as the medium for managing its relationship with populations presumed to be Muslim, what was new about the 1970s, with its social housing mosques and factory prayer rooms, was the explicitly racial and cultural terms of the debates over access to Muslim religious sites.
Hans Mahnig
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195148053
- eISBN:
- 9780199849277
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195148053.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
Traditionally a multicultural society, since the end of the 19th-century Switzerland has also become a country of immigration. Since 1945, it has had one of the highest immigration rates in Europe. ...
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Traditionally a multicultural society, since the end of the 19th-century Switzerland has also become a country of immigration. Since 1945, it has had one of the highest immigration rates in Europe. Today, about one-fifth of its population is foreign born—a figure twice as high as that of the United States and considerably higher than that of Canada. Despite its multicultural character, Switzerland has not yet recognized that it is an immigration country, and it has no real immigrant policy on the federal level. Nevertheless, in practically all cantons religious communities are recognized as corporations under public law, a status that gives them the right to receive public subsidies. The Jewish community is recognized by only four of the twenty-six cantons in this way, Islam by none of them. Unlike the Jews, Muslim immigrants in recent years have begun to challenge the traditional relationship between state and churches in several ways.Less
Traditionally a multicultural society, since the end of the 19th-century Switzerland has also become a country of immigration. Since 1945, it has had one of the highest immigration rates in Europe. Today, about one-fifth of its population is foreign born—a figure twice as high as that of the United States and considerably higher than that of Canada. Despite its multicultural character, Switzerland has not yet recognized that it is an immigration country, and it has no real immigrant policy on the federal level. Nevertheless, in practically all cantons religious communities are recognized as corporations under public law, a status that gives them the right to receive public subsidies. The Jewish community is recognized by only four of the twenty-six cantons in this way, Islam by none of them. Unlike the Jews, Muslim immigrants in recent years have begun to challenge the traditional relationship between state and churches in several ways.
Paul M. Sniderman, Michael Bang Petersen, Rune Slothuus, and Rune Stubager
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691161105
- eISBN:
- 9781400852673
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691161105.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
In 2005, twelve cartoons mocking the prophet Mohammed appeared in the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten, igniting a political firestorm over demands by some Muslims that the claims of their religious ...
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In 2005, twelve cartoons mocking the prophet Mohammed appeared in the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten, igniting a political firestorm over demands by some Muslims that the claims of their religious faith take precedence over freedom of expression. Given the explosive reaction from Middle Eastern governments, Muslim clerics, and some Danish politicians, the stage was set for a backlash against Muslims in Denmark. But no such backlash occurred. This book shows how the majority of ordinary Danish citizens provided a solid wall of support for the rights of their country's growing Muslim minority, drawing a sharp distinction between Muslim immigrants and Islamic fundamentalists and supporting the civil rights of Muslim immigrants as fully as those of fellow Danes—for example, Christian fundamentalists. Building on randomized experiments conducted as part of large, nationally representative opinion surveys, the book also demonstrates how the moral covenant underpinning the welfare state simultaneously promotes equal treatment for some Muslim immigrants and opens the door to discrimination against others. Revealing the strength of Denmark's commitment to democratic values, the book underlines the challenges of inclusion but offers hope to those seeking to reconcile the secular values of liberal democracy and the religious faith of Muslim immigrants in Europe.Less
In 2005, twelve cartoons mocking the prophet Mohammed appeared in the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten, igniting a political firestorm over demands by some Muslims that the claims of their religious faith take precedence over freedom of expression. Given the explosive reaction from Middle Eastern governments, Muslim clerics, and some Danish politicians, the stage was set for a backlash against Muslims in Denmark. But no such backlash occurred. This book shows how the majority of ordinary Danish citizens provided a solid wall of support for the rights of their country's growing Muslim minority, drawing a sharp distinction between Muslim immigrants and Islamic fundamentalists and supporting the civil rights of Muslim immigrants as fully as those of fellow Danes—for example, Christian fundamentalists. Building on randomized experiments conducted as part of large, nationally representative opinion surveys, the book also demonstrates how the moral covenant underpinning the welfare state simultaneously promotes equal treatment for some Muslim immigrants and opens the door to discrimination against others. Revealing the strength of Denmark's commitment to democratic values, the book underlines the challenges of inclusion but offers hope to those seeking to reconcile the secular values of liberal democracy and the religious faith of Muslim immigrants in Europe.
Jonathan Laurence
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691144214
- eISBN:
- 9781400840373
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691144214.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This book traces how governments across Western Europe have responded to the growing presence of Muslim immigrants in their countries over the past fifty years. Drawing on hundreds of in-depth ...
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This book traces how governments across Western Europe have responded to the growing presence of Muslim immigrants in their countries over the past fifty years. Drawing on hundreds of in-depth interviews with government officials and religious leaders in France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Morocco, and Turkey, the book challenges the widespread notion that Europe's Muslim minorities represent a threat to liberal democracy. The book documents how European governments in the 1970s and 1980s excluded Islam from domestic institutions, instead inviting foreign powers like Saudi Arabia, Algeria, and Turkey to oversee the practice of Islam among immigrants in European host societies. But since the 1990s, amid rising integration problems and fears about terrorism, governments have aggressively stepped up efforts to reach out to their Muslim communities and incorporate them into the institutional, political, and cultural fabrics of European democracy. The book places these efforts—particularly the government-led creation of Islamic councils—within a broader theoretical context and gleans insights from government interactions with groups such as trade unions and Jewish communities at previous critical junctures in European state-building. By examining how state–mosque relations in Europe are linked to the ongoing struggle for religious and political authority in the Muslim-majority world, the book sheds light on the geopolitical implications of a religious minority's transition from outsiders to citizens. This book offers a much-needed reassessment that foresees the continuing integration of Muslims into European civil society and politics in the coming decades.Less
This book traces how governments across Western Europe have responded to the growing presence of Muslim immigrants in their countries over the past fifty years. Drawing on hundreds of in-depth interviews with government officials and religious leaders in France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Morocco, and Turkey, the book challenges the widespread notion that Europe's Muslim minorities represent a threat to liberal democracy. The book documents how European governments in the 1970s and 1980s excluded Islam from domestic institutions, instead inviting foreign powers like Saudi Arabia, Algeria, and Turkey to oversee the practice of Islam among immigrants in European host societies. But since the 1990s, amid rising integration problems and fears about terrorism, governments have aggressively stepped up efforts to reach out to their Muslim communities and incorporate them into the institutional, political, and cultural fabrics of European democracy. The book places these efforts—particularly the government-led creation of Islamic councils—within a broader theoretical context and gleans insights from government interactions with groups such as trade unions and Jewish communities at previous critical junctures in European state-building. By examining how state–mosque relations in Europe are linked to the ongoing struggle for religious and political authority in the Muslim-majority world, the book sheds light on the geopolitical implications of a religious minority's transition from outsiders to citizens. This book offers a much-needed reassessment that foresees the continuing integration of Muslims into European civil society and politics in the coming decades.
Mucahit Bilici
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226049564
- eISBN:
- 9780226922874
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226922874.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
This chapter focuses on the difficulty some Muslims have in seeing America as a homeland. It first discusses the concept of home and what it means to feel at home. It then considers the cultural ...
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This chapter focuses on the difficulty some Muslims have in seeing America as a homeland. It first discusses the concept of home and what it means to feel at home. It then considers the cultural idioms or topoi with which early Muslim immigrants and Muslims in the early stages of their immigration made sense of their presence in America. This diasporic moment and vocabulary changed over time as exposure and interaction led to a more nuanced understanding. There are also crucial juridical tools by which Muslims religiously interpret America and produce an articulation of America as “home.” The fundamental question that this chapter answers is: how do Muslims naturalize the United States in Islam?Less
This chapter focuses on the difficulty some Muslims have in seeing America as a homeland. It first discusses the concept of home and what it means to feel at home. It then considers the cultural idioms or topoi with which early Muslim immigrants and Muslims in the early stages of their immigration made sense of their presence in America. This diasporic moment and vocabulary changed over time as exposure and interaction led to a more nuanced understanding. There are also crucial juridical tools by which Muslims religiously interpret America and produce an articulation of America as “home.” The fundamental question that this chapter answers is: how do Muslims naturalize the United States in Islam?
Muna Ali
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190664435
- eISBN:
- 9780190664466
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190664435.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
This introductory chapter presents three vignettes that illustrate the four narratives that frame this book: the notion of an identity crisis among young Muslims, the purported conflict between a ...
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This introductory chapter presents three vignettes that illustrate the four narratives that frame this book: the notion of an identity crisis among young Muslims, the purported conflict between a “pure or true” Islam and a “cultural” Islam, an alleged “Islamization of America,” and the imperative for creating an American Muslim community and culture. It also sketches the methodology employed in the book, detailing the centrality of a narrative framework from the inception of this project to its methods, the challenges encountered, the analysis, and ultimately to the production of this ethnographic narrative. This beginning chapter argues that narrative is a particularly useful way to examine identity.Less
This introductory chapter presents three vignettes that illustrate the four narratives that frame this book: the notion of an identity crisis among young Muslims, the purported conflict between a “pure or true” Islam and a “cultural” Islam, an alleged “Islamization of America,” and the imperative for creating an American Muslim community and culture. It also sketches the methodology employed in the book, detailing the centrality of a narrative framework from the inception of this project to its methods, the challenges encountered, the analysis, and ultimately to the production of this ethnographic narrative. This beginning chapter argues that narrative is a particularly useful way to examine identity.
Randall Curren and Charles Dorn
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780226552255
- eISBN:
- 9780226552422
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226552422.003.0006
- Subject:
- Education, Philosophy and Theory of Education
Chapter 5 considers whether there is a virtuous form of patriotism and if so what role it might play in the scheme of civic virtue and civic education. It analyzes civic virtue as having three ...
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Chapter 5 considers whether there is a virtuous form of patriotism and if so what role it might play in the scheme of civic virtue and civic education. It analyzes civic virtue as having three components: civic intelligence, civic friendship, and civic competence. It affirms a need for civic virtue in all spheres of civic life, from the local to the global, and it holds that the motivational core of civic virtue in all of these spheres is a civic minded responsiveness to the public interest or the value of all that the community in question entails. Virtuous patriotism is identified as a state-level counterpart of the civic mindedness at the heart of civic responsibility in local, regional, or global civic affairs, expressed both in defense of what is valuable in a country, or conducive to its members living well together, and in loyal dissent that protects and advances that value. The chapter outlines the basic elements of education for civic intelligence, civic friendship, civic competence, and virtuous civic motivation, emphasizing features of a just school community; the disciplinary foundations of public reason, understanding, and judgment; discussion; problem-based cooperative and experiential learning; and a global perspective.Less
Chapter 5 considers whether there is a virtuous form of patriotism and if so what role it might play in the scheme of civic virtue and civic education. It analyzes civic virtue as having three components: civic intelligence, civic friendship, and civic competence. It affirms a need for civic virtue in all spheres of civic life, from the local to the global, and it holds that the motivational core of civic virtue in all of these spheres is a civic minded responsiveness to the public interest or the value of all that the community in question entails. Virtuous patriotism is identified as a state-level counterpart of the civic mindedness at the heart of civic responsibility in local, regional, or global civic affairs, expressed both in defense of what is valuable in a country, or conducive to its members living well together, and in loyal dissent that protects and advances that value. The chapter outlines the basic elements of education for civic intelligence, civic friendship, civic competence, and virtuous civic motivation, emphasizing features of a just school community; the disciplinary foundations of public reason, understanding, and judgment; discussion; problem-based cooperative and experiential learning; and a global perspective.
John R. Bowen
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780691158549
- eISBN:
- 9781400881055
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691158549.003.0002
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Religion
This chapter traces the physical movement of Muslims to Britain. Muslims came to Britain mainly—though not only—from South Asia, and they settled in certain cities and neighborhoods. Although Muslims ...
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This chapter traces the physical movement of Muslims to Britain. Muslims came to Britain mainly—though not only—from South Asia, and they settled in certain cities and neighborhoods. Although Muslims living in Britain today trace their origins to many parts of the world, the majority have roots in former British India, and mainly in today's Pakistan and Bangladesh. Furthermore, within those two countries, a small number of districts have contributed in strikingly disproportionate numbers to the Muslim population of Britain. The concentrations began with historical accident but, once in place, reproduced themselves through practices of “chain migration,” whereby one generation of immigrants pulled another after it. The results are concentrations of closely related people in certain British neighborhoods. Many of these new residents of Britain have sought to maintain their ties to the homeland through marriage and through forms of economic cooperation. These practices reinforce ties of shared ethnic and religious community within certain British neighborhoods.Less
This chapter traces the physical movement of Muslims to Britain. Muslims came to Britain mainly—though not only—from South Asia, and they settled in certain cities and neighborhoods. Although Muslims living in Britain today trace their origins to many parts of the world, the majority have roots in former British India, and mainly in today's Pakistan and Bangladesh. Furthermore, within those two countries, a small number of districts have contributed in strikingly disproportionate numbers to the Muslim population of Britain. The concentrations began with historical accident but, once in place, reproduced themselves through practices of “chain migration,” whereby one generation of immigrants pulled another after it. The results are concentrations of closely related people in certain British neighborhoods. Many of these new residents of Britain have sought to maintain their ties to the homeland through marriage and through forms of economic cooperation. These practices reinforce ties of shared ethnic and religious community within certain British neighborhoods.
Udayon Misra
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- February 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780199478361
- eISBN:
- 9780199090914
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199478361.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Indian History, Political History
The concluding chapter takes up what it sees to be some of the major unresolved issues of Partition politics. While it tries to trace the roots of the violence centred around land in several areas of ...
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The concluding chapter takes up what it sees to be some of the major unresolved issues of Partition politics. While it tries to trace the roots of the violence centred around land in several areas of Assam, especially in the Bodo-inhabited region, it shows how issues such as the controversy over the cut-off year for immigrants to acquire citizenship are carry-overs from Partition days. Other major issues that are discussed include the status of Hindu refugees/displaced persons in the state, the National Register of Citizens, and the larger question of language and Assamese identity. It shows how with the new wave of immigrants being assimilated into the Assamese nationality, its transformation is underway and how this transformation itself throws up new challenges and equations.Less
The concluding chapter takes up what it sees to be some of the major unresolved issues of Partition politics. While it tries to trace the roots of the violence centred around land in several areas of Assam, especially in the Bodo-inhabited region, it shows how issues such as the controversy over the cut-off year for immigrants to acquire citizenship are carry-overs from Partition days. Other major issues that are discussed include the status of Hindu refugees/displaced persons in the state, the National Register of Citizens, and the larger question of language and Assamese identity. It shows how with the new wave of immigrants being assimilated into the Assamese nationality, its transformation is underway and how this transformation itself throws up new challenges and equations.
Jan Willem Duyvendak
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781479883080
- eISBN:
- 9781479898794
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479883080.003.0012
- Subject:
- Law, Family Law
This chapter explains that the attainment of marriage equality in Holland in 2001, and the accompanying further “normalization” of homosexuality, has had two troubling effects. First, it has allowed ...
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This chapter explains that the attainment of marriage equality in Holland in 2001, and the accompanying further “normalization” of homosexuality, has had two troubling effects. First, it has allowed political parties and politicians, across the political spectrum from the far right to the far left, to use acceptance of homosexuality as an ideological benchmark to test whetherother minorities, most prominently Muslim immigrants, can ever be “truly Dutch.” The chapter explores how, from this perspective, Muslim immigration is conceived as a threat to the stability of the Dutch progressive moral order and to Dutch cultural and sexual liberties. Gay rights and gender equality have thus become a normative framework that help to shape a critique of Islam and multiculturalism. Second, the normalization of homosexuality has led lesbians and gay men to embrace heteronormative discourses and presentations that minimize overt expressions of sexuality and gender variance. The chapter explains that this mainstreaming of homosexuality leaves ongoing problems, such as the high rates of suicide attempts by LGBT youth and anti-gay violence in Holland, unaddressed and unchallenged.Less
This chapter explains that the attainment of marriage equality in Holland in 2001, and the accompanying further “normalization” of homosexuality, has had two troubling effects. First, it has allowed political parties and politicians, across the political spectrum from the far right to the far left, to use acceptance of homosexuality as an ideological benchmark to test whetherother minorities, most prominently Muslim immigrants, can ever be “truly Dutch.” The chapter explores how, from this perspective, Muslim immigration is conceived as a threat to the stability of the Dutch progressive moral order and to Dutch cultural and sexual liberties. Gay rights and gender equality have thus become a normative framework that help to shape a critique of Islam and multiculturalism. Second, the normalization of homosexuality has led lesbians and gay men to embrace heteronormative discourses and presentations that minimize overt expressions of sexuality and gender variance. The chapter explains that this mainstreaming of homosexuality leaves ongoing problems, such as the high rates of suicide attempts by LGBT youth and anti-gay violence in Holland, unaddressed and unchallenged.
