Aditya Behl
Wendy Doniger (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780195146707
- eISBN:
- 9780199978878
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195146707.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Hinduism
The encounter between Muslim and Hindu remains one of the defining issues of South Asian society today. This encounter began as early as the eighth century, and the first Muslim kingdom in India ...
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The encounter between Muslim and Hindu remains one of the defining issues of South Asian society today. This encounter began as early as the eighth century, and the first Muslim kingdom in India would be established at the end of the twelfth century. This powerful kingdom, the Sultanate of Delhi, eventually reduced to vassalage almost every independent kingdom on the subcontinent. This book uses a little-understood genre of Sufi literature to paint an entirely new picture of the evolution of Indian culture during the earliest period of Muslim domination. These curious romantic tales transmit a deeply serious religious message through the medium of lighthearted stories of love. Although composed in the Muslim courts, they are written in a vernacular Indian language. Until now, they have defied analysis, and been mostly ignored by scholars east and west. The book shows that the Sufi authors of these charming tales purposely sought to convey an Islamic vision via an Indian idiom. They thus constitute the earliest attempt at the indigenization of Islamic literature in an Indian setting. More important, however, the book's analysis brilliantly illuminates the cosmopolitan and composite culture of the Sultanate India in which they were composed. This in turn compels us completely to rethink the standard of the opposition between Indian Hindu and foreign Muslim and recognize that the Indo‐Islamic culture of this era was already significantly Indian in many important ways.Less
The encounter between Muslim and Hindu remains one of the defining issues of South Asian society today. This encounter began as early as the eighth century, and the first Muslim kingdom in India would be established at the end of the twelfth century. This powerful kingdom, the Sultanate of Delhi, eventually reduced to vassalage almost every independent kingdom on the subcontinent. This book uses a little-understood genre of Sufi literature to paint an entirely new picture of the evolution of Indian culture during the earliest period of Muslim domination. These curious romantic tales transmit a deeply serious religious message through the medium of lighthearted stories of love. Although composed in the Muslim courts, they are written in a vernacular Indian language. Until now, they have defied analysis, and been mostly ignored by scholars east and west. The book shows that the Sufi authors of these charming tales purposely sought to convey an Islamic vision via an Indian idiom. They thus constitute the earliest attempt at the indigenization of Islamic literature in an Indian setting. More important, however, the book's analysis brilliantly illuminates the cosmopolitan and composite culture of the Sultanate India in which they were composed. This in turn compels us completely to rethink the standard of the opposition between Indian Hindu and foreign Muslim and recognize that the Indo‐Islamic culture of this era was already significantly Indian in many important ways.
Peter Linehan
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198219453
- eISBN:
- 9780191678349
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198219453.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
One of the reasons why Toledo after 1085 was different was that whereas elsewhere along the frontier the various ethnic groups in each place were governed by a single fuero with separate hierarchies ...
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One of the reasons why Toledo after 1085 was different was that whereas elsewhere along the frontier the various ethnic groups in each place were governed by a single fuero with separate hierarchies administering rules of law which at least in theory were common to all, in Toledo each group (including the clergy) possessed a fuero of its own. This arrangement continued until the promulgation of a single code for all citizens — 'omnes cives Toletanos, scilicet Castellanos, Mozarabes atque Francos, propter fidelitate atque equalitate illorum': the Fuero refundido. The Fuero refundido was essentially the fuero of the Mozarabs, the fuero based on the Visigothic ‘forum judicum’ by which the Mozarabs had been ruled during the period of Muslim domination and which Alfonso VI confirmed in 1101.Less
One of the reasons why Toledo after 1085 was different was that whereas elsewhere along the frontier the various ethnic groups in each place were governed by a single fuero with separate hierarchies administering rules of law which at least in theory were common to all, in Toledo each group (including the clergy) possessed a fuero of its own. This arrangement continued until the promulgation of a single code for all citizens — 'omnes cives Toletanos, scilicet Castellanos, Mozarabes atque Francos, propter fidelitate atque equalitate illorum': the Fuero refundido. The Fuero refundido was essentially the fuero of the Mozarabs, the fuero based on the Visigothic ‘forum judicum’ by which the Mozarabs had been ruled during the period of Muslim domination and which Alfonso VI confirmed in 1101.
Tamar Herzog
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300092530
- eISBN:
- 9780300129830
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300092530.003.0002
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
This chapter discusses the origins of Castilian citizenship, which originated during the Middle Ages. During this period, the northern provinces of Castile gradually expanded southward, conquering ...
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This chapter discusses the origins of Castilian citizenship, which originated during the Middle Ages. During this period, the northern provinces of Castile gradually expanded southward, conquering territories previously under Muslim domination. This effort, though cast as a “reconquest” in an attempt to stress continuity between the pre-and postconquest periods and to claim legitimacy, was clearly the beginning of a new age in which Christian control was extended throughout Spain, and in which new forms of government and territorial management gradually emerged. From the eleventh century onward, people moved to the lands reclaimed from the Muslims and formed new communities or transformed existing ones. Royal decrees recognized most new or transformed communities as corporate entities, allocating specific rights to those who were willing to come and settle in them.Less
This chapter discusses the origins of Castilian citizenship, which originated during the Middle Ages. During this period, the northern provinces of Castile gradually expanded southward, conquering territories previously under Muslim domination. This effort, though cast as a “reconquest” in an attempt to stress continuity between the pre-and postconquest periods and to claim legitimacy, was clearly the beginning of a new age in which Christian control was extended throughout Spain, and in which new forms of government and territorial management gradually emerged. From the eleventh century onward, people moved to the lands reclaimed from the Muslims and formed new communities or transformed existing ones. Royal decrees recognized most new or transformed communities as corporate entities, allocating specific rights to those who were willing to come and settle in them.
