Elizabeth Debray and Erica Frankenberg
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807835128
- eISBN:
- 9781469602585
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807869208_frankenberg.21
- Subject:
- Education, History of Education
Drawing on research about the Gautreaux Assisted Housing and Moving to Opportunity programs, this chapter considers the need for federal legislation to implement a pilot grant program in metropolitan ...
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Drawing on research about the Gautreaux Assisted Housing and Moving to Opportunity programs, this chapter considers the need for federal legislation to implement a pilot grant program in metropolitan areas to promote integration of housing and education. It describes the duration, scope, and cost of this proposed program and provides suggestions for program authorization, administration, and evaluation.Less
Drawing on research about the Gautreaux Assisted Housing and Moving to Opportunity programs, this chapter considers the need for federal legislation to implement a pilot grant program in metropolitan areas to promote integration of housing and education. It describes the duration, scope, and cost of this proposed program and provides suggestions for program authorization, administration, and evaluation.
Nicole M. Schmidt, Quynh C. Nguyen, and Theresa L. Osypuk
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- April 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190843496
- eISBN:
- 9780190843533
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190843496.003.0006
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter primarily discusses experiments and quasi-experiments (also known as natural experiments) as designs for examining the causal effect of neighborhood environments on health. The first ...
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This chapter primarily discusses experiments and quasi-experiments (also known as natural experiments) as designs for examining the causal effect of neighborhood environments on health. The first half of this chapter discusses causal inference, and experimental, quasi-experimental, and longitudinal study designs. These designs are important for causal inference, by providing a clear temporal ordering and the ability to take into account (potential) time lags between exposure to neighborhood environment characteristics and changes in health and health behavior. The second half of the chapter discusses examples in the literature of studies using experimental, quasi-experimental, and longitudinal designs to examine the relationships between neighborhood environments and health. We provide an in-depth empirical look at a large and well-known experiment examining how neighborhoods influence health: the Moving to Opportunity housing policy experiment.Less
This chapter primarily discusses experiments and quasi-experiments (also known as natural experiments) as designs for examining the causal effect of neighborhood environments on health. The first half of this chapter discusses causal inference, and experimental, quasi-experimental, and longitudinal study designs. These designs are important for causal inference, by providing a clear temporal ordering and the ability to take into account (potential) time lags between exposure to neighborhood environment characteristics and changes in health and health behavior. The second half of the chapter discusses examples in the literature of studies using experimental, quasi-experimental, and longitudinal designs to examine the relationships between neighborhood environments and health. We provide an in-depth empirical look at a large and well-known experiment examining how neighborhoods influence health: the Moving to Opportunity housing policy experiment.
David S. Kirk
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- April 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780190841232
- eISBN:
- 9780190841263
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190841232.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance, Urban and Rural Studies
Relying upon Hurricane Katrina as a natural experiment, Chapter 4 provides quantitative evidence on the extent to which residential change lessens the likelihood of criminal recidivism during the ...
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Relying upon Hurricane Katrina as a natural experiment, Chapter 4 provides quantitative evidence on the extent to which residential change lessens the likelihood of criminal recidivism during the first eight years following prison release. Analyses reveal that formerly incarcerated individuals who moved away from their old parish after release had substantially lower rates of reincarceration than those who returned to their previous parish of residence. An estimated 59 percent of parolees who returned to their home parish were reincarcerated within eight years of release. In contrast, an estimated 46 percent of parolees who moved to a new parish were reincarcerated. Findings presented in the chapter also reveal that short-distance moves are insufficient to separate someone from his or her criminal past. Moving from one metropolitan area to another can provide the type of separation from one’s past that can be crucial to desistance from crime. The chapter also considers evidence on the effects of residential change from government-funded housing mobility programs, including the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) demonstration. These programs offer important lessons about how residential mobility programs for the formerly incarcerated might be designed.Less
Relying upon Hurricane Katrina as a natural experiment, Chapter 4 provides quantitative evidence on the extent to which residential change lessens the likelihood of criminal recidivism during the first eight years following prison release. Analyses reveal that formerly incarcerated individuals who moved away from their old parish after release had substantially lower rates of reincarceration than those who returned to their previous parish of residence. An estimated 59 percent of parolees who returned to their home parish were reincarcerated within eight years of release. In contrast, an estimated 46 percent of parolees who moved to a new parish were reincarcerated. Findings presented in the chapter also reveal that short-distance moves are insufficient to separate someone from his or her criminal past. Moving from one metropolitan area to another can provide the type of separation from one’s past that can be crucial to desistance from crime. The chapter also considers evidence on the effects of residential change from government-funded housing mobility programs, including the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) demonstration. These programs offer important lessons about how residential mobility programs for the formerly incarcerated might be designed.
Andrew Valls
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190860554
- eISBN:
- 9780190860592
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190860554.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics, Political Theory
The built environment in cities and the distribution of individuals within it have profound implications for the prospect of justice. Racial residential segregation raises issues of justice because ...
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The built environment in cities and the distribution of individuals within it have profound implications for the prospect of justice. Racial residential segregation raises issues of justice because of both how it came about and how it limits the quality of life for many African Americans. Some scholars argue that the solution to the disadvantages of concentrated black poverty is to “deconcentrate” the urban poor through housing vouchers. This chapter criticizes this approach as both impractical and as entailing significant costs to African Americans that are too often ignored or down-played. A better approach is to improve conditions in poor neighborhoods.Less
The built environment in cities and the distribution of individuals within it have profound implications for the prospect of justice. Racial residential segregation raises issues of justice because of both how it came about and how it limits the quality of life for many African Americans. Some scholars argue that the solution to the disadvantages of concentrated black poverty is to “deconcentrate” the urban poor through housing vouchers. This chapter criticizes this approach as both impractical and as entailing significant costs to African Americans that are too often ignored or down-played. A better approach is to improve conditions in poor neighborhoods.
