Sarah Azaransky
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199744817
- eISBN:
- 9780199897308
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199744817.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Pauli Murray (1910–85) was a poet, lawyer, activist, and priest, as well as a significant figure in the civil rights and women's movements. Throughout her careers and activism, Murray espoused faith ...
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Pauli Murray (1910–85) was a poet, lawyer, activist, and priest, as well as a significant figure in the civil rights and women's movements. Throughout her careers and activism, Murray espoused faith in an American democracy that is partially present and yet to come. In the 1940s Murray was in the vanguard of black activists to use nonviolent direct action. A decade before the Montgomery bus boycott, Murray organized sit-ins of segregated restaurants in Washington D.C. and was arrested for sitting in the front section of a bus in Virginia. Murray pioneered the category Jane Crow to describe discrimination she experienced as a result of racism and sexism. She used Jane Crow in the 1960s to expand equal protection provisions for African American women. A co-founder of the National Organization of Women, Murray insisted on the interrelation of all human rights. Her professional and personal relationships included major figures in the ongoing struggle for civil rights for all Americans, including Thurgood Marshall and Eleanor Roosevelt. In seminary in the 1970s, Murray developed a black feminist critique of emerging black male and white feminist theologies. After becoming the first African American woman Episcopal priest in 1977, Murray emphasized the particularity of African American women's experiences, while proclaiming a universal message of salvation. This book examines Murray's substantial body of published writings as well personal letters, journals, and unpublished manuscripts. The book traces the development of Murray's thought over fifty years, ranging from her theologically rich democratic criticism of the 1930s to her democratically inflected sermons of the 1980s.Less
Pauli Murray (1910–85) was a poet, lawyer, activist, and priest, as well as a significant figure in the civil rights and women's movements. Throughout her careers and activism, Murray espoused faith in an American democracy that is partially present and yet to come. In the 1940s Murray was in the vanguard of black activists to use nonviolent direct action. A decade before the Montgomery bus boycott, Murray organized sit-ins of segregated restaurants in Washington D.C. and was arrested for sitting in the front section of a bus in Virginia. Murray pioneered the category Jane Crow to describe discrimination she experienced as a result of racism and sexism. She used Jane Crow in the 1960s to expand equal protection provisions for African American women. A co-founder of the National Organization of Women, Murray insisted on the interrelation of all human rights. Her professional and personal relationships included major figures in the ongoing struggle for civil rights for all Americans, including Thurgood Marshall and Eleanor Roosevelt. In seminary in the 1970s, Murray developed a black feminist critique of emerging black male and white feminist theologies. After becoming the first African American woman Episcopal priest in 1977, Murray emphasized the particularity of African American women's experiences, while proclaiming a universal message of salvation. This book examines Murray's substantial body of published writings as well personal letters, journals, and unpublished manuscripts. The book traces the development of Murray's thought over fifty years, ranging from her theologically rich democratic criticism of the 1930s to her democratically inflected sermons of the 1980s.
Michio Morishima
- Published in print:
- 1969
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198281641
- eISBN:
- 9780191596667
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198281641.003.0014
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
So far, this book has been concerned with an economy where the labour force increases at a given constant rate, independently of the real wage rate and other economic factors.. However, the rate of ...
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So far, this book has been concerned with an economy where the labour force increases at a given constant rate, independently of the real wage rate and other economic factors.. However, the rate of population growth has not been stationary in many countries, but has been influenced inter alia by the level of income per individual, the level of capital per individual (hospitals/rooms per individual, etc.), the level of specific economic activities (production of medicines, etc.), and so on. These influences are very complicated, and this last part of the book begins by taking into account the effect of the real wage rate on the growth rate of population. The different sections of the chapter discuss: a parable by Volterra on cyclical poverty that is applicable to a closed economy at the crudest stage; the existence of a growth equilibrium in a neo‐Malthusian economy; the application of the Eilenberg–Montgomery fixed‐point theorem; positivity of total production and the real wage rate; and positivity of the equilibrium rate of growth.Less
So far, this book has been concerned with an economy where the labour force increases at a given constant rate, independently of the real wage rate and other economic factors.. However, the rate of population growth has not been stationary in many countries, but has been influenced inter alia by the level of income per individual, the level of capital per individual (hospitals/rooms per individual, etc.), the level of specific economic activities (production of medicines, etc.), and so on. These influences are very complicated, and this last part of the book begins by taking into account the effect of the real wage rate on the growth rate of population. The different sections of the chapter discuss: a parable by Volterra on cyclical poverty that is applicable to a closed economy at the crudest stage; the existence of a growth equilibrium in a neo‐Malthusian economy; the application of the Eilenberg–Montgomery fixed‐point theorem; positivity of total production and the real wage rate; and positivity of the equilibrium rate of growth.
J. R. Watson
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198270027
- eISBN:
- 9780191600784
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019827002X.003.0012
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Literature
Discusses Hymn writing and the sublime and the influence of Coleridge. Also talks about James Montgomery, Reginald Heber, John Keble and also reviews Keble and sacred poetry: The Christian Year.
Discusses Hymn writing and the sublime and the influence of Coleridge. Also talks about James Montgomery, Reginald Heber, John Keble and also reviews Keble and sacred poetry: The Christian Year.
J. R. Watson (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198269731
- eISBN:
- 9780191600791
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198269730.003.0009
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Literature
Contains 29 hymns, beginning with William Blake's ‘And did those feet in ancient time’, and continuing to the hymns of the early Victorian period, with writers such as Henry Francis Lyte and Cecil ...
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Contains 29 hymns, beginning with William Blake's ‘And did those feet in ancient time’, and continuing to the hymns of the early Victorian period, with writers such as Henry Francis Lyte and Cecil Frances Alexander. Between there are hymns by Reginald Heber, such as ‘From Greenland's icy mountains’, by James Montgomery, and by John Keble, whose sacred poetry in The Christian Year (1827) became justly famous.Less
Contains 29 hymns, beginning with William Blake's ‘And did those feet in ancient time’, and continuing to the hymns of the early Victorian period, with writers such as Henry Francis Lyte and Cecil Frances Alexander. Between there are hymns by Reginald Heber, such as ‘From Greenland's icy mountains’, by James Montgomery, and by John Keble, whose sacred poetry in The Christian Year (1827) became justly famous.
J. R. Watson
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198270027
- eISBN:
- 9780191600784
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019827002X.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Literature
Discusses the relation of text to music, the relation of singing to writing, and Derrida's phoncentrism. The chapter also examines the use of different hymn metres; the structure of hymns, with ...
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Discusses the relation of text to music, the relation of singing to writing, and Derrida's phoncentrism. The chapter also examines the use of different hymn metres; the structure of hymns, with attention to line, verse, and whole hymn; and the importance of rhyme. It also discusses what James Montgomery says on hymn writing and hymn structure.Less
Discusses the relation of text to music, the relation of singing to writing, and Derrida's phoncentrism. The chapter also examines the use of different hymn metres; the structure of hymns, with attention to line, verse, and whole hymn; and the importance of rhyme. It also discusses what James Montgomery says on hymn writing and hymn structure.
Christine Rosen
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195156799
- eISBN:
- 9780199835218
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019515679X.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Although engaged in questioning the precepts of the eugenics movement from its inception, Catholic leaders’ interest in the movement reached its apogee in the late 1920s, when the twin issues of ...
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Although engaged in questioning the precepts of the eugenics movement from its inception, Catholic leaders’ interest in the movement reached its apogee in the late 1920s, when the twin issues of compulsory sterilization and birth control came to dominate the debate over eugenics. Through an examination of the work of Rev. John A. Ryan and Rev. John M. Cooper, two Catholic leaders who were once members of the American Eugenics Society, this chapter describes the intellectual journey of the Catholics who eventually became the eugenics movement’s most fervent opponents. It reviews Catholic debate about eugenic sterilization, the reaction to Margaret Sanger’s fledgling birth control movement, and the lay and clerical reaction to Pope Pius XI’s encyclical Casti Connubi.Less
Although engaged in questioning the precepts of the eugenics movement from its inception, Catholic leaders’ interest in the movement reached its apogee in the late 1920s, when the twin issues of compulsory sterilization and birth control came to dominate the debate over eugenics. Through an examination of the work of Rev. John A. Ryan and Rev. John M. Cooper, two Catholic leaders who were once members of the American Eugenics Society, this chapter describes the intellectual journey of the Catholics who eventually became the eugenics movement’s most fervent opponents. It reviews Catholic debate about eugenic sterilization, the reaction to Margaret Sanger’s fledgling birth control movement, and the lay and clerical reaction to Pope Pius XI’s encyclical Casti Connubi.
David French
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199548231
- eISBN:
- 9780191739224
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199548231.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Military History
By 1949 the wartime army had been demobilised and War Office planners were creating the foundations of what Montgomery called the ‘New Model Army’. It had began to come into existence in 1947, with ...
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By 1949 the wartime army had been demobilised and War Office planners were creating the foundations of what Montgomery called the ‘New Model Army’. It had began to come into existence in 1947, with the passage of the National Service Act. It was not an all‐purpose army. Apart from making minimal allowances for colonial garrisons, it was configured with one major mission in mind, to deter or fight a hot war in Europe or the Middle East beginning no earlier than about 1957. But, by 1948‐49 the geopolitical situation that had given birth to it had begun to change in ways that undercut some of the fundamental assumptions upon which it had been constructed. The Cold War had begun, and after Montgomery left the War Office in November 1948, his successor as CIGS, Sir William Slim, had to spend the next three years reconfiguring his predecessor's creation to meet the new strategic circumstances that confronted Britain.Less
By 1949 the wartime army had been demobilised and War Office planners were creating the foundations of what Montgomery called the ‘New Model Army’. It had began to come into existence in 1947, with the passage of the National Service Act. It was not an all‐purpose army. Apart from making minimal allowances for colonial garrisons, it was configured with one major mission in mind, to deter or fight a hot war in Europe or the Middle East beginning no earlier than about 1957. But, by 1948‐49 the geopolitical situation that had given birth to it had begun to change in ways that undercut some of the fundamental assumptions upon which it had been constructed. The Cold War had begun, and after Montgomery left the War Office in November 1948, his successor as CIGS, Sir William Slim, had to spend the next three years reconfiguring his predecessor's creation to meet the new strategic circumstances that confronted Britain.
Jill Edwards (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9789774165818
- eISBN:
- 9781617971297
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774165818.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Military History
This new collection of studies presents fresh insights into a war fought over unusually difficult terrain and with exceptional supply demands. From the ongoing Italian geomorphic study of the Alamein ...
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This new collection of studies presents fresh insights into a war fought over unusually difficult terrain and with exceptional supply demands. From the ongoing Italian geomorphic study of the Alamein arena to individual memories of non-combatant Alexandrians, from the Free French to the seasoned colonial forces of Australia, India, New Zealand, and South Africa, and from vital naval engagements and the siege of Malta to the study of Rommel's leadership and the Churchill-Montgomery duo, this book presents the reader with a detailed yet broad reassessment of the complexities of the war in North Africa between 1941 and 1943, its technology, philosophy, military doctrine, strategy, tactics, logistics, and the associated local and international politics. Writing from the perspectives of some of the many nations whose armies were involved in the conflict, fifteen historians bring to their work the precision of their national historical archival sources in clear and spritely narratives.Less
This new collection of studies presents fresh insights into a war fought over unusually difficult terrain and with exceptional supply demands. From the ongoing Italian geomorphic study of the Alamein arena to individual memories of non-combatant Alexandrians, from the Free French to the seasoned colonial forces of Australia, India, New Zealand, and South Africa, and from vital naval engagements and the siege of Malta to the study of Rommel's leadership and the Churchill-Montgomery duo, this book presents the reader with a detailed yet broad reassessment of the complexities of the war in North Africa between 1941 and 1943, its technology, philosophy, military doctrine, strategy, tactics, logistics, and the associated local and international politics. Writing from the perspectives of some of the many nations whose armies were involved in the conflict, fifteen historians bring to their work the precision of their national historical archival sources in clear and spritely narratives.
Royce Hanson
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781501705250
- eISBN:
- 9781501708084
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501705250.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
Land use policy is at the center of suburban political economies because everything has to happen somewhere but nothing happens by itself. This book explores how well a century of strategic land-use ...
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Land use policy is at the center of suburban political economies because everything has to happen somewhere but nothing happens by itself. This book explores how well a century of strategic land-use decisions served the public interest in Montgomery County, Maryland, a suburb of Washington, D.C. Transformed from a rural hinterland into the home of a million people and a half-million jobs, Montgomery County built a national reputation for innovation in land use policy—including inclusive zoning, linking zoning to master plans, preservation of farmland and open space, growth management, and transit-oriented development. A pervasive theme of the book involves the struggle for influence over land use policy between two virtual suburban republics. Developers, their business allies, and sympathetic officials sought a virtuous cycle of market-guided growth in which land was a commodity and residents were customers who voted with their feet. Homeowners, environmentalists, and their allies saw themselves as citizens and stakeholders with moral claims on the way development occurred and made their wishes known at the ballot box. This book evaluates how well the development pattern produced by decades of planning decisions served the public interest.Less
Land use policy is at the center of suburban political economies because everything has to happen somewhere but nothing happens by itself. This book explores how well a century of strategic land-use decisions served the public interest in Montgomery County, Maryland, a suburb of Washington, D.C. Transformed from a rural hinterland into the home of a million people and a half-million jobs, Montgomery County built a national reputation for innovation in land use policy—including inclusive zoning, linking zoning to master plans, preservation of farmland and open space, growth management, and transit-oriented development. A pervasive theme of the book involves the struggle for influence over land use policy between two virtual suburban republics. Developers, their business allies, and sympathetic officials sought a virtuous cycle of market-guided growth in which land was a commodity and residents were customers who voted with their feet. Homeowners, environmentalists, and their allies saw themselves as citizens and stakeholders with moral claims on the way development occurred and made their wishes known at the ballot box. This book evaluates how well the development pattern produced by decades of planning decisions served the public interest.
David M. Thompson
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199545247
- eISBN:
- 9780191725708
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199545247.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
Josiah Conder (1789–1855) was a leading figure in early nineteenth-century Congregationalism—a journalist, editor, poet and hymn-writer, representative of what might be called ‘respectable ...
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Josiah Conder (1789–1855) was a leading figure in early nineteenth-century Congregationalism—a journalist, editor, poet and hymn-writer, representative of what might be called ‘respectable radicalism’. Chapter 5 explores his relationship with the Moravian/Wesleyan hymn-writer and journalist, James Montgomery (1771–1854), and focuses on Conder’s work as editor of The Congregational Hymn Book (1836), the first hymn-book to be officially commissioned by the Congregational Union. Conder’s own hymns, some of which are still in use today, are also discussed.Less
Josiah Conder (1789–1855) was a leading figure in early nineteenth-century Congregationalism—a journalist, editor, poet and hymn-writer, representative of what might be called ‘respectable radicalism’. Chapter 5 explores his relationship with the Moravian/Wesleyan hymn-writer and journalist, James Montgomery (1771–1854), and focuses on Conder’s work as editor of The Congregational Hymn Book (1836), the first hymn-book to be officially commissioned by the Congregational Union. Conder’s own hymns, some of which are still in use today, are also discussed.
Royce Hanson
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781501705250
- eISBN:
- 9781501708084
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501705250.003.0012
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This book concludes with a discussion of Montgomery County's contribution to understanding planning politics. Montgomery's experience highlights the complementary roles and reasoning processes of ...
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This book concludes with a discussion of Montgomery County's contribution to understanding planning politics. Montgomery's experience highlights the complementary roles and reasoning processes of planners and politicians as they sought to act in the public interest. One of the most valuable lessons planners and political leaders can take from Montgomery's cases is the importance of persistence in land use policy. This is evident in the General Plan, the Agricultural Reserve, and Silver Spring. Furthermore, Montgomery shows that planning matters even if planning politics is hard. This conclusion argues that planning for the next half-century will require a fusion of traditional land use planning with a broader capacity for rethinking Montgomery's role in the metropolitan, state, national, and world political economies. It ends by speculating on the county's future.Less
This book concludes with a discussion of Montgomery County's contribution to understanding planning politics. Montgomery's experience highlights the complementary roles and reasoning processes of planners and politicians as they sought to act in the public interest. One of the most valuable lessons planners and political leaders can take from Montgomery's cases is the importance of persistence in land use policy. This is evident in the General Plan, the Agricultural Reserve, and Silver Spring. Furthermore, Montgomery shows that planning matters even if planning politics is hard. This conclusion argues that planning for the next half-century will require a fusion of traditional land use planning with a broader capacity for rethinking Montgomery's role in the metropolitan, state, national, and world political economies. It ends by speculating on the county's future.
Richard Lischer
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195111323
- eISBN:
- 9780199853298
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195111323.003.0010
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
The mass meeting started in Montgomery with the December 1955 rally at the Holy Spirit Baptist Church. From the start it served a sacred and civic agenda. At Holt, the audience listened to Bible ...
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The mass meeting started in Montgomery with the December 1955 rally at the Holy Spirit Baptist Church. From the start it served a sacred and civic agenda. At Holt, the audience listened to Bible readings, sang Onward Christian Soldiers and Leaning on the Everlasting Arms, and took courage from a speech by the young King. Once the Movement got under way in the city, meetings were held every Monday evening at two churches on the town's east side and every Thursday at two churches in the west end of town. Meetings began with songs and hymns followed by reports and help requests.Less
The mass meeting started in Montgomery with the December 1955 rally at the Holy Spirit Baptist Church. From the start it served a sacred and civic agenda. At Holt, the audience listened to Bible readings, sang Onward Christian Soldiers and Leaning on the Everlasting Arms, and took courage from a speech by the young King. Once the Movement got under way in the city, meetings were held every Monday evening at two churches on the town's east side and every Thursday at two churches in the west end of town. Meetings began with songs and hymns followed by reports and help requests.
Richard Lischer
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195111323
- eISBN:
- 9780199853298
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195111323.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
King arrived in the city of Montgomery in 1954 to hold the pastorate of the best known Negro church in the city, the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church. Dexter was constructed during Reconstruction on the ...
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King arrived in the city of Montgomery in 1954 to hold the pastorate of the best known Negro church in the city, the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church. Dexter was constructed during Reconstruction on the site of the city's four slave pens. As a black church, it occupies a central location in the city of Montgomery. It is three-quarters of the way up Goat Hill from the city's main business district. Dexter is an old-fashioned red-bricked building with a dilapidated frame cupola topped by a copper roof and weathervane. Martin Luther King, Jr. approached Dexter Avenue Baptist Church as the initial challenge of all that he learned from the church and his mentors.Less
King arrived in the city of Montgomery in 1954 to hold the pastorate of the best known Negro church in the city, the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church. Dexter was constructed during Reconstruction on the site of the city's four slave pens. As a black church, it occupies a central location in the city of Montgomery. It is three-quarters of the way up Goat Hill from the city's main business district. Dexter is an old-fashioned red-bricked building with a dilapidated frame cupola topped by a copper roof and weathervane. Martin Luther King, Jr. approached Dexter Avenue Baptist Church as the initial challenge of all that he learned from the church and his mentors.
Bruce Vermazen
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195372182
- eISBN:
- 9780199864140
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195372182.003.0009
- Subject:
- Music, History, American
In October 1914, the Six Brown Brothers were given a featured spot in Chin Chin, a Broadway musical produced by C. B. Dillingham and starring Fred Stone and David Montgomery. Theresa Valerio danced ...
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In October 1914, the Six Brown Brothers were given a featured spot in Chin Chin, a Broadway musical produced by C. B. Dillingham and starring Fred Stone and David Montgomery. Theresa Valerio danced in the chorus. Chin Chin lasted until December 1915 in New York, then toured the United States until April 1917, when Montgomery died. Because of their appearance in the show, the Brown Brothers became more famous and resumed their recording career, this time with the Victor Talking Machine Company. In 1916, F. Henri Klickmann became their chief arranger. This chapter describes the prior careers of Montgomery and Stone, Chin Chin, the Brown Brothers' first Victor records, and the growth of the Brown Brothers' fame. For this show, five Brown Brothers began wearing Pierrot clown costumes, a trademark of the act until its dissolution, while Tom continued to work in blackface.Less
In October 1914, the Six Brown Brothers were given a featured spot in Chin Chin, a Broadway musical produced by C. B. Dillingham and starring Fred Stone and David Montgomery. Theresa Valerio danced in the chorus. Chin Chin lasted until December 1915 in New York, then toured the United States until April 1917, when Montgomery died. Because of their appearance in the show, the Brown Brothers became more famous and resumed their recording career, this time with the Victor Talking Machine Company. In 1916, F. Henri Klickmann became their chief arranger. This chapter describes the prior careers of Montgomery and Stone, Chin Chin, the Brown Brothers' first Victor records, and the growth of the Brown Brothers' fame. For this show, five Brown Brothers began wearing Pierrot clown costumes, a trademark of the act until its dissolution, while Tom continued to work in blackface.
Jonathan W. Gray
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- March 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781617036491
- eISBN:
- 9781621030539
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781617036491.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century and Contemporary Literature
The statement, “The Civil Rights Movement changed America,” though true, has become something of a cliche. This book seeks to determine how, exactly, the Civil Rights Movement changed the literary ...
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The statement, “The Civil Rights Movement changed America,” though true, has become something of a cliche. This book seeks to determine how, exactly, the Civil Rights Movement changed the literary possibilities of four iconic American writers: Robert Penn Warren, Norman Mailer, Eudora Welty, and William Styron. Each of these writers published significant works prior to the Brown v. Board of Education case in 1954 and the Montgomery Bus Boycott that began in December of the following year, making it possible to trace their evolution in reaction to these events. The work these writers crafted in response to the upheaval of the day, from Warren’s Who Speaks for the Negro?, to Mailer’s “The White Negro” to Welty’s “Where Is the Voice Coming From?” to Styron’s Confessions of Nat Turner, reveal much about their own feeling in the moment, even as they contribute to the national conversation that centered on race and democracy. By examining these works closely, the author posits the argument that these writers significantly shaped discourse on civil rights as the movement was occurring, but in ways that—intentionally or not—often relied upon a notion of the relative innocence of the South with regard to racial affairs, and on a construct of African Americans as politically and/or culturally naive. As these writers grappled with race and the myth of southern nobility, their work developed in ways that were simultaneously sympathetic of, and condescending to, black intellectual thought.Less
The statement, “The Civil Rights Movement changed America,” though true, has become something of a cliche. This book seeks to determine how, exactly, the Civil Rights Movement changed the literary possibilities of four iconic American writers: Robert Penn Warren, Norman Mailer, Eudora Welty, and William Styron. Each of these writers published significant works prior to the Brown v. Board of Education case in 1954 and the Montgomery Bus Boycott that began in December of the following year, making it possible to trace their evolution in reaction to these events. The work these writers crafted in response to the upheaval of the day, from Warren’s Who Speaks for the Negro?, to Mailer’s “The White Negro” to Welty’s “Where Is the Voice Coming From?” to Styron’s Confessions of Nat Turner, reveal much about their own feeling in the moment, even as they contribute to the national conversation that centered on race and democracy. By examining these works closely, the author posits the argument that these writers significantly shaped discourse on civil rights as the movement was occurring, but in ways that—intentionally or not—often relied upon a notion of the relative innocence of the South with regard to racial affairs, and on a construct of African Americans as politically and/or culturally naive. As these writers grappled with race and the myth of southern nobility, their work developed in ways that were simultaneously sympathetic of, and condescending to, black intellectual thought.
Gábor Bátonyi
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207481
- eISBN:
- 9780191677687
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207481.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
Some documents suggest that the unconcern about Austria largely stemmed from Lloyd George’s conviction that Vienna could never recover from the ...
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Some documents suggest that the unconcern about Austria largely stemmed from Lloyd George’s conviction that Vienna could never recover from the shock of the war. Balfour contested that the reconstruction of Austria was in Britain’s interest, but he concurred with the opinion of the Prime Minister on the grim prospects of full recovery. Their pessimism was partly confirmed by the first reports from the starving capital of the Austrian Republic. Sir T. Montgomery–Cuninghame, for some time the only British representative in post-war Vienna, was despondent and exasperated to see the rapid disappearance of an ancient and affluent society in the heart of Europe. Despite this, Lord Curzon was convinced that Austrian recovery was possible and, moreover, was in the interest of Great Britain.Less
Some documents suggest that the unconcern about Austria largely stemmed from Lloyd George’s conviction that Vienna could never recover from the shock of the war. Balfour contested that the reconstruction of Austria was in Britain’s interest, but he concurred with the opinion of the Prime Minister on the grim prospects of full recovery. Their pessimism was partly confirmed by the first reports from the starving capital of the Austrian Republic. Sir T. Montgomery–Cuninghame, for some time the only British representative in post-war Vienna, was despondent and exasperated to see the rapid disappearance of an ancient and affluent society in the heart of Europe. Despite this, Lord Curzon was convinced that Austrian recovery was possible and, moreover, was in the interest of Great Britain.
Michael Carver
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206262
- eISBN:
- 9780191677052
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206262.003.0021
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Political History
To understand the relations between Winston Churchill and the senior officers of Britain's Royal Navy, the army, and the Royal Air Force in the Second World War, one must appreciate that he took a ...
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To understand the relations between Winston Churchill and the senior officers of Britain's Royal Navy, the army, and the Royal Air Force in the Second World War, one must appreciate that he took a romantic view of war and how it should be conducted. In Churchill's view, most of the generals, admirals, or air marshals were little more than the ‘intelligent scribes’ he scorned. Ironically, the general who at last brought him the victories he craved, Bernard Montgomery, exhibited all the characteristics that Churchill deplored. In the last years of the war, all the defence chiefs, not least Alan Brooke, Harold Alexander, Montgomery, and Louis Mountbatten, had learned how to deal with Churchill: never to complain about the ‘ceaseless prodding’; to stand firm, but to keep him sweet by a constant stream of information and an adroit balance of flattery, cajolery, and frankness. They knew that they could not do without him, and did not want to, and he knew that they were indispensable to him.Less
To understand the relations between Winston Churchill and the senior officers of Britain's Royal Navy, the army, and the Royal Air Force in the Second World War, one must appreciate that he took a romantic view of war and how it should be conducted. In Churchill's view, most of the generals, admirals, or air marshals were little more than the ‘intelligent scribes’ he scorned. Ironically, the general who at last brought him the victories he craved, Bernard Montgomery, exhibited all the characteristics that Churchill deplored. In the last years of the war, all the defence chiefs, not least Alan Brooke, Harold Alexander, Montgomery, and Louis Mountbatten, had learned how to deal with Churchill: never to complain about the ‘ceaseless prodding’; to stand firm, but to keep him sweet by a constant stream of information and an adroit balance of flattery, cajolery, and frankness. They knew that they could not do without him, and did not want to, and he knew that they were indispensable to him.
Paul Bew
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199561261
- eISBN:
- 9780191701832
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199561261.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Political History
Emancipation as an issue defined Daniel O'Connell before 1829. After 1829, he faced more diverse challenges. He became a major figure in the House of Commons and became a force in British high ...
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Emancipation as an issue defined Daniel O'Connell before 1829. After 1829, he faced more diverse challenges. He became a major figure in the House of Commons and became a force in British high politics. O'Connell had responded to the achievement of emancipation by switching emphasis to repeal of the union and the establishment of a Dublin parliament. The Whig constituency, on the other hand, saw Catholic emancipation as a harbinger of further reforms to come. In January 1830, O'Connell's ‘Letter to the People of Ireland’ put forward a new, comprehensive political programme, which included repeal of the union, parliamentary reform, and abolition of tithes. But in 1842, O'Connell noted that repeal would destroy Irish Protestantism because Protestantism was more an ideology of superiority and a patronage machine than a genuine religion. In 1845, he adopted a sectarian stand on higher educational questions which dismayed young Ireland.Less
Emancipation as an issue defined Daniel O'Connell before 1829. After 1829, he faced more diverse challenges. He became a major figure in the House of Commons and became a force in British high politics. O'Connell had responded to the achievement of emancipation by switching emphasis to repeal of the union and the establishment of a Dublin parliament. The Whig constituency, on the other hand, saw Catholic emancipation as a harbinger of further reforms to come. In January 1830, O'Connell's ‘Letter to the People of Ireland’ put forward a new, comprehensive political programme, which included repeal of the union, parliamentary reform, and abolition of tithes. But in 1842, O'Connell noted that repeal would destroy Irish Protestantism because Protestantism was more an ideology of superiority and a patronage machine than a genuine religion. In 1845, he adopted a sectarian stand on higher educational questions which dismayed young Ireland.
David French
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199246304
- eISBN:
- 9780191697562
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199246304.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Military History
This chapter examines the victory of British General Bernard Montgomery against the Axis forces in the Battle of Alam el Halfa and the Crossing of the Rhine. Montgomery won because he insisted on ...
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This chapter examines the victory of British General Bernard Montgomery against the Axis forces in the Battle of Alam el Halfa and the Crossing of the Rhine. Montgomery won because he insisted on fighting his battles according to his own master plan. He employed concentrated artillery and insisted on not advancing until he had adequate logistical support. Montgomery was also able to effectively use the report gathered by ULTRA intelligence to adjust his battle plan.Less
This chapter examines the victory of British General Bernard Montgomery against the Axis forces in the Battle of Alam el Halfa and the Crossing of the Rhine. Montgomery won because he insisted on fighting his battles according to his own master plan. He employed concentrated artillery and insisted on not advancing until he had adequate logistical support. Montgomery was also able to effectively use the report gathered by ULTRA intelligence to adjust his battle plan.
Carol J. Singley
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199779390
- eISBN:
- 9780199895106
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199779390.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, American, 19th Century Literature
Girls figure prominently in mid-nineteenth-century adoption fiction, as evidenced by Susan Warner’s The Wide, Wide World (1851) and Susanna Maria Cummins’s The Lamplighter (1854). These novels, set ...
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Girls figure prominently in mid-nineteenth-century adoption fiction, as evidenced by Susan Warner’s The Wide, Wide World (1851) and Susanna Maria Cummins’s The Lamplighter (1854). These novels, set when statutes governing adoption were still vague and reflecting the importance of nurture as articulated by Horace Bushnell, acknowledge American opportunities while acknowledging European roots. Warner’s protagonist, Ellen, pays homage to the Old World on a visit to blood relatives, the Lindsays, but ultimately affirms her commitment to the New World. Gerty, in contrast, exercises her independence in The Lamplighter but reunites with her birth father in an expression of solidarity with Old World genealogy. Both novels contribute to a sense of identity as inherited and adoptive and to a construction of nation in dialogue with but independent of England.Less
Girls figure prominently in mid-nineteenth-century adoption fiction, as evidenced by Susan Warner’s The Wide, Wide World (1851) and Susanna Maria Cummins’s The Lamplighter (1854). These novels, set when statutes governing adoption were still vague and reflecting the importance of nurture as articulated by Horace Bushnell, acknowledge American opportunities while acknowledging European roots. Warner’s protagonist, Ellen, pays homage to the Old World on a visit to blood relatives, the Lindsays, but ultimately affirms her commitment to the New World. Gerty, in contrast, exercises her independence in The Lamplighter but reunites with her birth father in an expression of solidarity with Old World genealogy. Both novels contribute to a sense of identity as inherited and adoptive and to a construction of nation in dialogue with but independent of England.
