Jorgen S. Nielsen (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780748646944
- eISBN:
- 9780748684281
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748646944.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
After an introduction by the editor this book presents fifteen studies from across Europe, including the eastern part, many of them comparative across countries. The chapters are arranged in four ...
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After an introduction by the editor this book presents fifteen studies from across Europe, including the eastern part, many of them comparative across countries. The chapters are arranged in four parts. The first focuses particularly on local and national elections, and the second part on broader questions of political integration, especially among women and youth. Part three looks out how institutions, Muslim and local or national, can facilitate and contribute to directing the particular ways in which political integration can be channelled or hindered. Finally, the fourth part investigates two examples of political activism which challenge accumulated political practices.Less
After an introduction by the editor this book presents fifteen studies from across Europe, including the eastern part, many of them comparative across countries. The chapters are arranged in four parts. The first focuses particularly on local and national elections, and the second part on broader questions of political integration, especially among women and youth. Part three looks out how institutions, Muslim and local or national, can facilitate and contribute to directing the particular ways in which political integration can be channelled or hindered. Finally, the fourth part investigates two examples of political activism which challenge accumulated political practices.
Dia Anagnostou
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780748670574
- eISBN:
- 9780748689101
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748670574.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
One of the most remarkable characteristics of the European Convention of Human Rights and its highly acclaimed judicial tribunal in Strasbourg is the extensive obligations of the contracting states ...
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One of the most remarkable characteristics of the European Convention of Human Rights and its highly acclaimed judicial tribunal in Strasbourg is the extensive obligations of the contracting states to give effect to its judgments. This book explores the processes of domestic execution of the European Court of Human Rights’ judgments and seeks to understand the variable patterns of implementation within and across states. It provides an interdisciplinary perspective into the multifaceted ways in which the Strasbourg Court's judgments influence and at times transform human rights standards, laws and policies at the national level. Eight country-based case studies focus on various areas of law and policy to examine how national authorities implement the ECtHR's judgments, as well as whether state compliance with these influences legal and policy change in the direction of expanding rights. A number of the contributions also explore how marginalised individuals, civil society and minority actors strategically take recourse in Strasbourg to challenge state laws, policies and practices. These bottom-up dynamics influencing the domestic implementation of human rights are virtually unexplored in the scholarly literature. What is the impact of the ECtHR's case law on the legal norms, institutional structures and policies of national states that participate in it± Do national authorities implement the adverse ECtHR's rulings, and what factors facilitate, or conversely restrict implementation± Does social, legal and political mobilisation affect the domestic implementation of the ECtHR's judgments, as well as their potential to exert broader influence over policy and democratic reforms±Less
One of the most remarkable characteristics of the European Convention of Human Rights and its highly acclaimed judicial tribunal in Strasbourg is the extensive obligations of the contracting states to give effect to its judgments. This book explores the processes of domestic execution of the European Court of Human Rights’ judgments and seeks to understand the variable patterns of implementation within and across states. It provides an interdisciplinary perspective into the multifaceted ways in which the Strasbourg Court's judgments influence and at times transform human rights standards, laws and policies at the national level. Eight country-based case studies focus on various areas of law and policy to examine how national authorities implement the ECtHR's judgments, as well as whether state compliance with these influences legal and policy change in the direction of expanding rights. A number of the contributions also explore how marginalised individuals, civil society and minority actors strategically take recourse in Strasbourg to challenge state laws, policies and practices. These bottom-up dynamics influencing the domestic implementation of human rights are virtually unexplored in the scholarly literature. What is the impact of the ECtHR's case law on the legal norms, institutional structures and policies of national states that participate in it± Do national authorities implement the adverse ECtHR's rulings, and what factors facilitate, or conversely restrict implementation± Does social, legal and political mobilisation affect the domestic implementation of the ECtHR's judgments, as well as their potential to exert broader influence over policy and democratic reforms±
Onoso Imoagene
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780520292314
- eISBN:
- 9780520965881
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520292314.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
More Than Just Black delves into the experiences of second generation Nigerian adults in the United States and Britain, examining how race, ethnicity, and class (both parental and individual) affect ...
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More Than Just Black delves into the experiences of second generation Nigerian adults in the United States and Britain, examining how race, ethnicity, and class (both parental and individual) affect their identities and assimilation trajectories. I pay particular attention to how their relations with their proximal hosts, African Americans in the United States and Black Caribbeans in Britain, affect how they identify. I conclude that the Nigerian second generation have more in common with fellow immigrants than they do with their proximal hosts.
OR
Focusing on questions of identity, More Than Just Black examines the nature of second generation Nigerians incorporation in the United States and Britain. I investigate how, in combination, race, ethnicity, and class (both parental and individual) affect the identity formation process and assimilation trajectories of the adult second generation of Nigerian ancestry in both countries. I find that despite living in countries where people are categorized by race and where race and racial categorization still hold great social and political power, the Nigerian second generation in both countries are not defined through the prism of race. They have formed a nuanced identity that balances race, a Nigerian ethnicity (which includes an achievement orientation akin to “model minority” groups), a pan-African identity, and, depending on structure of national identity and perceptions of thoroughness in redressing past ethnoracial traumas, identification with the country of destination.Less
More Than Just Black delves into the experiences of second generation Nigerian adults in the United States and Britain, examining how race, ethnicity, and class (both parental and individual) affect their identities and assimilation trajectories. I pay particular attention to how their relations with their proximal hosts, African Americans in the United States and Black Caribbeans in Britain, affect how they identify. I conclude that the Nigerian second generation have more in common with fellow immigrants than they do with their proximal hosts.
OR
Focusing on questions of identity, More Than Just Black examines the nature of second generation Nigerians incorporation in the United States and Britain. I investigate how, in combination, race, ethnicity, and class (both parental and individual) affect the identity formation process and assimilation trajectories of the adult second generation of Nigerian ancestry in both countries. I find that despite living in countries where people are categorized by race and where race and racial categorization still hold great social and political power, the Nigerian second generation in both countries are not defined through the prism of race. They have formed a nuanced identity that balances race, a Nigerian ethnicity (which includes an achievement orientation akin to “model minority” groups), a pan-African identity, and, depending on structure of national identity and perceptions of thoroughness in redressing past ethnoracial traumas, identification with the country of destination.
Laura Robson
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780520292154
- eISBN:
- 9780520965669
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520292154.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
In the interwar Eastern Mediterranean, European colonial modes of establishing land claims and controlling populations converged with a recent Ottoman past featuring desperate and violent efforts at ...
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In the interwar Eastern Mediterranean, European colonial modes of establishing land claims and controlling populations converged with a recent Ottoman past featuring desperate and violent efforts at nationalization and an increasingly empowered Zionist settler colonialism. States of Separation explores how this confluence produced a series of internationally supported plans to move “minority” communities in, around, and out of the newly constituted states of Iraq, Syria, and Palestine. Under the aegis of the new League of Nations and the British and French mandate governments, and often over the protests of those on the ground slated for displacement, these three states saw multiple efforts to remove entire communities, resettle populations, and redraw maps along ethnic lines. These efforts to create ethnically and religiously homogenous national enclaves out of a highly pluralistic political and cultural landscape constituted a massive demographic experiment that carried lasting political and social consequences for the twentieth-century Middle East and for the international order.Less
In the interwar Eastern Mediterranean, European colonial modes of establishing land claims and controlling populations converged with a recent Ottoman past featuring desperate and violent efforts at nationalization and an increasingly empowered Zionist settler colonialism. States of Separation explores how this confluence produced a series of internationally supported plans to move “minority” communities in, around, and out of the newly constituted states of Iraq, Syria, and Palestine. Under the aegis of the new League of Nations and the British and French mandate governments, and often over the protests of those on the ground slated for displacement, these three states saw multiple efforts to remove entire communities, resettle populations, and redraw maps along ethnic lines. These efforts to create ethnically and religiously homogenous national enclaves out of a highly pluralistic political and cultural landscape constituted a massive demographic experiment that carried lasting political and social consequences for the twentieth-century Middle East and for the international order.
Mollie Gregory
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813166223
- eISBN:
- 9780813166759
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813166223.003.0006
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This period saw a short-lived African American film boom (Black Caesar, Coffy). Social turmoil in the 1970s influenced the movies, and drug use became more common on the set. Some members of the ...
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This period saw a short-lived African American film boom (Black Caesar, Coffy). Social turmoil in the 1970s influenced the movies, and drug use became more common on the set. Some members of the Stuntmen’s Association formed a new group—Stunts Unlimited. The stunt associations controlled hiring, and women were still largely excluded from “nondescript” work, even though SAG rules “encouraged” the hiring of people of different races in crowd scenes. Stuntwomen adopted a new slogan: “Get the wigs off men!” SAG created the Women’s Conference Committee and the Ethnic Minorities Committee.Less
This period saw a short-lived African American film boom (Black Caesar, Coffy). Social turmoil in the 1970s influenced the movies, and drug use became more common on the set. Some members of the Stuntmen’s Association formed a new group—Stunts Unlimited. The stunt associations controlled hiring, and women were still largely excluded from “nondescript” work, even though SAG rules “encouraged” the hiring of people of different races in crowd scenes. Stuntwomen adopted a new slogan: “Get the wigs off men!” SAG created the Women’s Conference Committee and the Ethnic Minorities Committee.
Zoya Hasan
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198076964
- eISBN:
- 9780199080274
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198076964.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Indian Politics
This chapter examines how the Indian state has dealt with the discrimination, deprivation, and exclusion suffered by lower castes and religious minorities. It looks at constitutional provisions and ...
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This chapter examines how the Indian state has dealt with the discrimination, deprivation, and exclusion suffered by lower castes and religious minorities. It looks at constitutional provisions and public policies in an attempt to understand the policy framework in relation to these groups. It attempts to answer two questions: (1) how did the state propose to deal with the problems of these two groups? and (2) what has been the impact of such provisions and polices in the protection and promotion of the interests of the deprived and disadvantaged? The trajectory of the government’s minority policy suggests that it can work effectively only when there is a strongly articulated political and policy consensus on minorities.Less
This chapter examines how the Indian state has dealt with the discrimination, deprivation, and exclusion suffered by lower castes and religious minorities. It looks at constitutional provisions and public policies in an attempt to understand the policy framework in relation to these groups. It attempts to answer two questions: (1) how did the state propose to deal with the problems of these two groups? and (2) what has been the impact of such provisions and polices in the protection and promotion of the interests of the deprived and disadvantaged? The trajectory of the government’s minority policy suggests that it can work effectively only when there is a strongly articulated political and policy consensus on minorities.
Iseult Honohan and Nathalie Rougier (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719097201
- eISBN:
- 9781526103994
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719097201.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This book examines the treatment of cultural and religious diversity - indigenous and immigrant - on both sides of the Irish border in order to analyse the current state of tolerance, and the kinds ...
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This book examines the treatment of cultural and religious diversity - indigenous and immigrant - on both sides of the Irish border in order to analyse the current state of tolerance, and the kinds of policies that may support integration while respecting diversity. While it is sometimes argued that in contemporary societies we need to go ‘beyond tolerance’ to more positive recognition, new and continuing tensions and conflicts among groups suggest that there may still be a role for tolerance. The first set of chapters focus on the spheres of education, civic life and politics, including chapters on specific groups (e.g. travellers, immigrants), as well as the communal divisions in Northern Ireland. Later chapters reflect on the Irish experience of diversity, and assess the extent to which the conceptual approaches and discourses employed to deal with it are comparable between the jurisdictions of the Republic and Northern Ireland. Finally the book considers the implications for what constitutes the most appropriate approach to diversity - whether this should ideally be in terms of tolerance and mutual accommodation, of recognition, or transformative reconciliation. This is the first book to address the issue of tolerance across the broad sweep of different kinds of religious and cultural diversity in Northern Ireland and the Republic.Less
This book examines the treatment of cultural and religious diversity - indigenous and immigrant - on both sides of the Irish border in order to analyse the current state of tolerance, and the kinds of policies that may support integration while respecting diversity. While it is sometimes argued that in contemporary societies we need to go ‘beyond tolerance’ to more positive recognition, new and continuing tensions and conflicts among groups suggest that there may still be a role for tolerance. The first set of chapters focus on the spheres of education, civic life and politics, including chapters on specific groups (e.g. travellers, immigrants), as well as the communal divisions in Northern Ireland. Later chapters reflect on the Irish experience of diversity, and assess the extent to which the conceptual approaches and discourses employed to deal with it are comparable between the jurisdictions of the Republic and Northern Ireland. Finally the book considers the implications for what constitutes the most appropriate approach to diversity - whether this should ideally be in terms of tolerance and mutual accommodation, of recognition, or transformative reconciliation. This is the first book to address the issue of tolerance across the broad sweep of different kinds of religious and cultural diversity in Northern Ireland and the Republic.
Fedor Meerts and Tassos Coulaloglou
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199791743
- eISBN:
- 9780199919222
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199791743.003.0016
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter analyzes the unique role of the High Commissioner on National Minorities (HCNM) of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) as an external intervener in internal ...
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This chapter analyzes the unique role of the High Commissioner on National Minorities (HCNM) of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) as an external intervener in internal identity conflicts. It transcends conventional scholarly work by arguing that the HCNM is a mediator with a very flexible modus operandi who—while maintaining his position of mediator within the relational set—shifts between activities traditionally described as mediation and negotiation. Case studies on the HCNM’s interventions in Estonia, Romania, and Ukraine show that the HCNM’s activities can best be described as mediation when he was faced with (1) an immediate crisis involving (2) two relatively clearly defined and strong parties who were (3) experiencing a mutually hurting stalemate. The HCNM moved much more strongly to negotiation when a partner government perceived a minority to be either too diffuse or too weak to be allowed a genuine seat at the table. In this situation, external leverage—as, for instance, provided by the European Union’s enlargement process—seems to have been vital in persuading governments to accommodate their minorities in accordance with (and sometimes even beyond) international standards.Less
This chapter analyzes the unique role of the High Commissioner on National Minorities (HCNM) of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) as an external intervener in internal identity conflicts. It transcends conventional scholarly work by arguing that the HCNM is a mediator with a very flexible modus operandi who—while maintaining his position of mediator within the relational set—shifts between activities traditionally described as mediation and negotiation. Case studies on the HCNM’s interventions in Estonia, Romania, and Ukraine show that the HCNM’s activities can best be described as mediation when he was faced with (1) an immediate crisis involving (2) two relatively clearly defined and strong parties who were (3) experiencing a mutually hurting stalemate. The HCNM moved much more strongly to negotiation when a partner government perceived a minority to be either too diffuse or too weak to be allowed a genuine seat at the table. In this situation, external leverage—as, for instance, provided by the European Union’s enlargement process—seems to have been vital in persuading governments to accommodate their minorities in accordance with (and sometimes even beyond) international standards.
Iseult Honohan and Nathalie Rougier
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719097201
- eISBN:
- 9781526103994
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719097201.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
The introduction outlines the rationale for the volume – to consider normative issues of tolerance and acceptance in their concrete social and political contexts – in this case in the Republic of ...
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The introduction outlines the rationale for the volume – to consider normative issues of tolerance and acceptance in their concrete social and political contexts – in this case in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. It first provides the underlying conceptual framework of tolerance, respect and recognition. It then explains the importance of considering together the issues of tolerance in Northern Ireland and the Republic, and outlines the varying contexts and kinds of religious and cultural diversity in which the issues addressed in the book arise. It then provides an introduction to the material in the chapters that follow.Less
The introduction outlines the rationale for the volume – to consider normative issues of tolerance and acceptance in their concrete social and political contexts – in this case in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. It first provides the underlying conceptual framework of tolerance, respect and recognition. It then explains the importance of considering together the issues of tolerance in Northern Ireland and the Republic, and outlines the varying contexts and kinds of religious and cultural diversity in which the issues addressed in the book arise. It then provides an introduction to the material in the chapters that follow.
Neil Jarman
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719097201
- eISBN:
- 9781526103994
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719097201.003.0011
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Northern Ireland is a contradictory society in which prejudice and tolerance exist as uneasy neighbours, but where expressions of intolerance dominate public and media perceptions of the norms of ...
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Northern Ireland is a contradictory society in which prejudice and tolerance exist as uneasy neighbours, but where expressions of intolerance dominate public and media perceptions of the norms of inter-communal interaction. This chapter begins to unpack the notions of tolerance and prejudice in relation to Northern Ireland. It argues that tolerance and prejudice are not singular notions but rather may differ in relation to the nature and construct of the ‘other’, the background and status of the individual, and that expressions of intolerance may be triggered by different types of events and activities. These factors may therefore lead to an informal hierarchy of prejudice and tolerance, with some communities being less tolerated than others, while some sections of the community present themselves as more tolerant than others. Finally, while intolerance is individually held, it is experienced most severely when it is socially triggered and collectively expressed, and in the absence of a clear strategy and leadership to promote engagement and respect, outbursts of collective intolerance are only likely to increase.Less
Northern Ireland is a contradictory society in which prejudice and tolerance exist as uneasy neighbours, but where expressions of intolerance dominate public and media perceptions of the norms of inter-communal interaction. This chapter begins to unpack the notions of tolerance and prejudice in relation to Northern Ireland. It argues that tolerance and prejudice are not singular notions but rather may differ in relation to the nature and construct of the ‘other’, the background and status of the individual, and that expressions of intolerance may be triggered by different types of events and activities. These factors may therefore lead to an informal hierarchy of prejudice and tolerance, with some communities being less tolerated than others, while some sections of the community present themselves as more tolerant than others. Finally, while intolerance is individually held, it is experienced most severely when it is socially triggered and collectively expressed, and in the absence of a clear strategy and leadership to promote engagement and respect, outbursts of collective intolerance are only likely to increase.
Iseult Honohan and Nathalie Rougier
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719097201
- eISBN:
- 9781526103994
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719097201.003.0015
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
The conclusion draws out some comparisons and contrasts between the preceding chapters, and between the responses to the various challenges that have arisen in Ireland, North and South in order to ...
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The conclusion draws out some comparisons and contrasts between the preceding chapters, and between the responses to the various challenges that have arisen in Ireland, North and South in order to reflect whether or not there are lessons to be learnt in either jurisdiction from practices on the other side of the border. What are the limits of toleration in terms of practices, participation, and so forth? How comparable are the issues arising, and to what extent are similar or different frames of reference in operation in the two jurisdictions? The variety of approaches serves to demonstrate the complexity of the issues that arise, and militates against over-simplified responses, whether theoretical or practical. The chapter argues in conclusion for the importance of further cross-border comparison on these issues.Less
The conclusion draws out some comparisons and contrasts between the preceding chapters, and between the responses to the various challenges that have arisen in Ireland, North and South in order to reflect whether or not there are lessons to be learnt in either jurisdiction from practices on the other side of the border. What are the limits of toleration in terms of practices, participation, and so forth? How comparable are the issues arising, and to what extent are similar or different frames of reference in operation in the two jurisdictions? The variety of approaches serves to demonstrate the complexity of the issues that arise, and militates against over-simplified responses, whether theoretical or practical. The chapter argues in conclusion for the importance of further cross-border comparison on these issues.
Terry Narramore
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719097027
- eISBN:
- 9781526103987
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719097027.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Violence was a widespread and fundamental part of the reconstitution of the state and attempts to build national unification in the People’s Republic of China (PRC).Emerging from a prolonged period ...
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Violence was a widespread and fundamental part of the reconstitution of the state and attempts to build national unification in the People’s Republic of China (PRC).Emerging from a prolonged period of state disintegration, the Party-state of the Maoist period deployed and incited violence not only against perceived political enemies, but also against ‘minority nationalities’ (shaoshu minzu) that resisted unification of the Chinese nation.The resistance of ‘minority’ peoples of Tibet and Xinjiang in particular is a stark reminder that national unification remains an unfinished project and a profound challenge to the state.Despite the greatly enhanced state capacity of the post-Mao period, in recent years the most intensive campaigns of national unification in these regions have increased state-minority and inter-communal violence, with the Party-state prepared to deploy violence against minority resistance in the cause of the greater ‘Chinese people’ (Zhonghua minzu).Less
Violence was a widespread and fundamental part of the reconstitution of the state and attempts to build national unification in the People’s Republic of China (PRC).Emerging from a prolonged period of state disintegration, the Party-state of the Maoist period deployed and incited violence not only against perceived political enemies, but also against ‘minority nationalities’ (shaoshu minzu) that resisted unification of the Chinese nation.The resistance of ‘minority’ peoples of Tibet and Xinjiang in particular is a stark reminder that national unification remains an unfinished project and a profound challenge to the state.Despite the greatly enhanced state capacity of the post-Mao period, in recent years the most intensive campaigns of national unification in these regions have increased state-minority and inter-communal violence, with the Party-state prepared to deploy violence against minority resistance in the cause of the greater ‘Chinese people’ (Zhonghua minzu).
A. G. Noorani
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195670561
- eISBN:
- 9780199080618
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195670561.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Indian History
This chapter presents several documents focusing on efforts to addresses the grievances of Indian Muslims. Some of these include Muslim leaders’ decry over the suspension of various civil liberties ...
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This chapter presents several documents focusing on efforts to addresses the grievances of Indian Muslims. Some of these include Muslim leaders’ decry over the suspension of various civil liberties during the Emergency; Communist Party of India highlighting Muslim grievances; resolutions of the Milli Convention; Government of India establishing a Minorities Commission; Prime Minister Desai’s concession that Muslims were inadequately represented in police forces; and Indira Gandhi letter to Shahi Imam of Jama Masjid.Less
This chapter presents several documents focusing on efforts to addresses the grievances of Indian Muslims. Some of these include Muslim leaders’ decry over the suspension of various civil liberties during the Emergency; Communist Party of India highlighting Muslim grievances; resolutions of the Milli Convention; Government of India establishing a Minorities Commission; Prime Minister Desai’s concession that Muslims were inadequately represented in police forces; and Indira Gandhi letter to Shahi Imam of Jama Masjid.
Eyal Ginio
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780190264031
- eISBN:
- 9780190638498
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190264031.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This book deals with military defeat and national catastrophe, and their implications for society. When the First Balkan War broke out in October 1912, few Ottomans anticipated that it would prove to ...
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This book deals with military defeat and national catastrophe, and their implications for society. When the First Balkan War broke out in October 1912, few Ottomans anticipated that it would prove to be a watershed moment for the Empire, ending in atrocities, ignominy, national catastrophe, and the loss of its remaining provinces in the Balkans. Defeat at the hands of an alliance of Balkan states comprising Bulgaria, Greece, Serbia and Montenegro created deep national trauma and led to bitter soul-searching, giving rise to a so-called “Culture of Defeat” in which condemnation, exclusion of the non-Muslim minorities, criticism over the project of Ottomanism, and calls for national rejuvenation prevailed in a way clearly at odds with the reformist discourse which followed the Young Turk Revolution of 1908. This book discusses some of the different visual and written products of the defeat, published in Ottoman local languages (Turkish, Arabic and Ladino), with the aim of understanding the experience of defeat–how it was perceived, analyzed and commemorated by different sectors in Ottoman society–to show that it is key to understanding the decisions and actions of the Ottoman political elite during the subsequent World War One and the early decades of the Turkish Republic.Less
This book deals with military defeat and national catastrophe, and their implications for society. When the First Balkan War broke out in October 1912, few Ottomans anticipated that it would prove to be a watershed moment for the Empire, ending in atrocities, ignominy, national catastrophe, and the loss of its remaining provinces in the Balkans. Defeat at the hands of an alliance of Balkan states comprising Bulgaria, Greece, Serbia and Montenegro created deep national trauma and led to bitter soul-searching, giving rise to a so-called “Culture of Defeat” in which condemnation, exclusion of the non-Muslim minorities, criticism over the project of Ottomanism, and calls for national rejuvenation prevailed in a way clearly at odds with the reformist discourse which followed the Young Turk Revolution of 1908. This book discusses some of the different visual and written products of the defeat, published in Ottoman local languages (Turkish, Arabic and Ladino), with the aim of understanding the experience of defeat–how it was perceived, analyzed and commemorated by different sectors in Ottoman society–to show that it is key to understanding the decisions and actions of the Ottoman political elite during the subsequent World War One and the early decades of the Turkish Republic.
Carool Kersten
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- October 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780190247775
- eISBN:
- 9780190638528
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190247775.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
Islam in Indonesia maps the debates between progressive and reactionary Muslims in Indonesia since the regime change of 1998 and the start of a democratization process in the world’s largest Muslim ...
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Islam in Indonesia maps the debates between progressive and reactionary Muslims in Indonesia since the regime change of 1998 and the start of a democratization process in the world’s largest Muslim nation state. Conceived as an intellectual history or history of ideas, this book situates these debates in Indonesia’s political context of the last fifteen years; it identifies and charts the genealogies of the different interlocutors; individual intellectuals and activists, institutions and outlets, which shape the discursive formations articulating the issues at hand. Organized around the concepts of secularism, pluralism and liberalism which were condemned in a fatwa issued by the Council of Indonesian Islamic Scholars in 2005, the discussion revolves around debates on Islamic statehood, Democracy, Islamic law, freedom of religion, religious minorities and human rights. It highlights the creative adaptation to the Indonesian situation of ideas originating in the Arabic-speaking parts of the Muslim world and in Western thought. These ideas have received far less scholarly attention than reactionary Islamism, Islamic extremism and violent political Islam. As alternatives to the ideologically loaded terms secularism, pluralism and liberalism, the book’s conclusion offers secularity, toleration, liberty and freethinking as more accurate alternatives.Less
Islam in Indonesia maps the debates between progressive and reactionary Muslims in Indonesia since the regime change of 1998 and the start of a democratization process in the world’s largest Muslim nation state. Conceived as an intellectual history or history of ideas, this book situates these debates in Indonesia’s political context of the last fifteen years; it identifies and charts the genealogies of the different interlocutors; individual intellectuals and activists, institutions and outlets, which shape the discursive formations articulating the issues at hand. Organized around the concepts of secularism, pluralism and liberalism which were condemned in a fatwa issued by the Council of Indonesian Islamic Scholars in 2005, the discussion revolves around debates on Islamic statehood, Democracy, Islamic law, freedom of religion, religious minorities and human rights. It highlights the creative adaptation to the Indonesian situation of ideas originating in the Arabic-speaking parts of the Muslim world and in Western thought. These ideas have received far less scholarly attention than reactionary Islamism, Islamic extremism and violent political Islam. As alternatives to the ideologically loaded terms secularism, pluralism and liberalism, the book’s conclusion offers secularity, toleration, liberty and freethinking as more accurate alternatives.
E. Elena Songster
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- April 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780199393671
- eISBN:
- 9780199393701
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199393671.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
Panda Nation links the emergence of the giant panda as a national symbol to the development of nature protection in the People’s Republic of China (PRC), 1949-present. The panda’s transformation into ...
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Panda Nation links the emergence of the giant panda as a national symbol to the development of nature protection in the People’s Republic of China (PRC), 1949-present. The panda’s transformation into a national treasure exemplifies China’s efforts to distinguish itself as a nation through government-directed science and popular nationalism. Examining this process enhances our understanding of the intersection of policy, science, and the public. Tracing the panda’s iconic rise offers a striking reflection of China’s recent and dramatic ascent in global status. The significant role the giant panda played in the advancement of nature protection policy during the PRC era reveals a striking tension between scientific inquiry and a nationalism particular to Chinese communist ideology. Sichuan’s initial response to the central government’s 1962 directive to protect precious species was to set aside land as reserves for the giant panda. This domestic initiative during a time of extreme isolation, following the Sino-Soviet schism and preceding China’s efforts to reestablish ties with western industrialized nations, forces us to acknowledge that nature played a more complex role in Chinese communist theory and history than is commonly recognized. An examination of the creation of the Wanglang Nature Reserve deepens our understanding of the ways that central government policies incorporated local concerns, Baima minority people, and environmental factors as they were implemented on the ground. This study of the ways that giant pandas have been portrayed and used with respect to national image and diplomacy deepens our understanding of China’s approach in its efforts to reengage with the international community during the 20th century and beyond.Less
Panda Nation links the emergence of the giant panda as a national symbol to the development of nature protection in the People’s Republic of China (PRC), 1949-present. The panda’s transformation into a national treasure exemplifies China’s efforts to distinguish itself as a nation through government-directed science and popular nationalism. Examining this process enhances our understanding of the intersection of policy, science, and the public. Tracing the panda’s iconic rise offers a striking reflection of China’s recent and dramatic ascent in global status. The significant role the giant panda played in the advancement of nature protection policy during the PRC era reveals a striking tension between scientific inquiry and a nationalism particular to Chinese communist ideology. Sichuan’s initial response to the central government’s 1962 directive to protect precious species was to set aside land as reserves for the giant panda. This domestic initiative during a time of extreme isolation, following the Sino-Soviet schism and preceding China’s efforts to reestablish ties with western industrialized nations, forces us to acknowledge that nature played a more complex role in Chinese communist theory and history than is commonly recognized. An examination of the creation of the Wanglang Nature Reserve deepens our understanding of the ways that central government policies incorporated local concerns, Baima minority people, and environmental factors as they were implemented on the ground. This study of the ways that giant pandas have been portrayed and used with respect to national image and diplomacy deepens our understanding of China’s approach in its efforts to reengage with the international community during the 20th century and beyond.
Mariz Tadros
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9789774165917
- eISBN:
- 9781617975479
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774165917.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
In the light of the escalation of sectarian tensions during and after Mubarak’s reign, the predicament of the Arab world’s largest religious minority, the Copts, has come to the forefront. This book ...
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In the light of the escalation of sectarian tensions during and after Mubarak’s reign, the predicament of the Arab world’s largest religious minority, the Copts, has come to the forefront. This book poses such questions as why there has been a mass exodus of Copts from Egypt, and how this relates to other religious minorities in the Arab region; why it is that sectarian violence increased during and after the 2011 Revolution, which epitomized the highest degree of national unity since 1919; and how the new configuration of power has influenced the extent to which a vision of a political order is being based on the principles of inclusive democracy. The book examines the relations among the state, the Church, Coptic citizenry, and political and civil society against the backdrop of the increasing diversification of actors, the change of political leadership in the country, protest and mobilization within Coptic communities, and the transformations occurring in the region. An informative historical background is provided, and new fieldwork and statistical data inform a thoughtful exploration of what it takes to build an inclusive democracy in post-Mubarak Egypt.Less
In the light of the escalation of sectarian tensions during and after Mubarak’s reign, the predicament of the Arab world’s largest religious minority, the Copts, has come to the forefront. This book poses such questions as why there has been a mass exodus of Copts from Egypt, and how this relates to other religious minorities in the Arab region; why it is that sectarian violence increased during and after the 2011 Revolution, which epitomized the highest degree of national unity since 1919; and how the new configuration of power has influenced the extent to which a vision of a political order is being based on the principles of inclusive democracy. The book examines the relations among the state, the Church, Coptic citizenry, and political and civil society against the backdrop of the increasing diversification of actors, the change of political leadership in the country, protest and mobilization within Coptic communities, and the transformations occurring in the region. An informative historical background is provided, and new fieldwork and statistical data inform a thoughtful exploration of what it takes to build an inclusive democracy in post-Mubarak Egypt.
Levene Mark
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199683031
- eISBN:
- 9780191763120
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199683031.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History, European Modern History
This chapter considers the immediate 1918-22 impact of imperial Ottoman Austrian and Russian collapse -as well as German defeat in the rimlands' arena and the reformulation of polities in this ...
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This chapter considers the immediate 1918-22 impact of imperial Ottoman Austrian and Russian collapse -as well as German defeat in the rimlands' arena and the reformulation of polities in this shatter-zone. It especially considers what this meant for populations who found themselves within these polities to be not part of a national majority but unwanted or unloved 'minorities'. The Western Allies attempted to manage this new situation at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. Their efforts, however, failed to prevent genocidal events taking place beyond their control. Soviet Russia's military destruction of recalcitrant communities such as the Don Cossacks and in the Tambov region, proved particularly important indicators for the future. However, the Kemalist extirpation of Greek aspirations in Asia Minor also implicated the Western Allies in a major exchange of populations - written into the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne - and which contradicted the Allies' earlier minorities' protection efforts.Less
This chapter considers the immediate 1918-22 impact of imperial Ottoman Austrian and Russian collapse -as well as German defeat in the rimlands' arena and the reformulation of polities in this shatter-zone. It especially considers what this meant for populations who found themselves within these polities to be not part of a national majority but unwanted or unloved 'minorities'. The Western Allies attempted to manage this new situation at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. Their efforts, however, failed to prevent genocidal events taking place beyond their control. Soviet Russia's military destruction of recalcitrant communities such as the Don Cossacks and in the Tambov region, proved particularly important indicators for the future. However, the Kemalist extirpation of Greek aspirations in Asia Minor also implicated the Western Allies in a major exchange of populations - written into the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne - and which contradicted the Allies' earlier minorities' protection efforts.
Marilyn Booth and Gorman Anthony (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780748670123
- eISBN:
- 9781474405973
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748670123.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
Thirteen chapters on fin-de-siecle Egypt tackle an important but relatively neglected decade in its history, as the editors’ introduction argues through an assessment of previous scholarship. ...
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Thirteen chapters on fin-de-siecle Egypt tackle an important but relatively neglected decade in its history, as the editors’ introduction argues through an assessment of previous scholarship. Chapters consider the overarching impact of a British colonial administration through policies and practices such as statistics-gathering and infrastructure building as well as attempts to control prostitution. Institutions and ideologies of modernity and reform are represented in chapters on education, fiction-writing, history writing and its translation, the press as a vehicle of historical consciousness, and political memoirs of a rising class of professionals. How Egyptians drew from and critiqued European institutions is a concern of several chapters, as well as concerns with gender issues, minority rights and the role of historic minorities such as Jews. Egypt’s heterogeneous population is also seen through chapters on its Greek community, Coptic activism and reform, anarchism, and the different agendas of local actors in the country’s far west. Together these scholarly studies show the decade as one of enormous though often quiet intellectual, political and institutional activity.Less
Thirteen chapters on fin-de-siecle Egypt tackle an important but relatively neglected decade in its history, as the editors’ introduction argues through an assessment of previous scholarship. Chapters consider the overarching impact of a British colonial administration through policies and practices such as statistics-gathering and infrastructure building as well as attempts to control prostitution. Institutions and ideologies of modernity and reform are represented in chapters on education, fiction-writing, history writing and its translation, the press as a vehicle of historical consciousness, and political memoirs of a rising class of professionals. How Egyptians drew from and critiqued European institutions is a concern of several chapters, as well as concerns with gender issues, minority rights and the role of historic minorities such as Jews. Egypt’s heterogeneous population is also seen through chapters on its Greek community, Coptic activism and reform, anarchism, and the different agendas of local actors in the country’s far west. Together these scholarly studies show the decade as one of enormous though often quiet intellectual, political and institutional activity.
Sargon Donabed
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780748686025
- eISBN:
- 9781474408646
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748686025.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
Who are the Assyrians and what role did they play in shaping modern Iraq? Were they simply bystanders, victims of collateral damage who played a passive role in the history of the country? How have ...
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Who are the Assyrians and what role did they play in shaping modern Iraq? Were they simply bystanders, victims of collateral damage who played a passive role in the history of the country? How have they negotiated their position throughout various periods of Iraq's state-building processes? This book details the narrative and history of Iraq in the 20th century and reinserts the Assyrian experience as an integral part of Iraq's broader contemporary historiography. It is the first comprehensive account to contextualize this native people's experience alongside the developmental processes of the modern Iraqi state. Using primary and secondary data, this book offers a nuanced exploration of the dynamics that have affected and determined the trajectory of the Assyrians' experience in 20th century Iraq.Less
Who are the Assyrians and what role did they play in shaping modern Iraq? Were they simply bystanders, victims of collateral damage who played a passive role in the history of the country? How have they negotiated their position throughout various periods of Iraq's state-building processes? This book details the narrative and history of Iraq in the 20th century and reinserts the Assyrian experience as an integral part of Iraq's broader contemporary historiography. It is the first comprehensive account to contextualize this native people's experience alongside the developmental processes of the modern Iraqi state. Using primary and secondary data, this book offers a nuanced exploration of the dynamics that have affected and determined the trajectory of the Assyrians' experience in 20th century Iraq.
