S. E. Finer
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207900
- eISBN:
- 9780191677854
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207900.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, World Medieval History
Patriotic Chinese hail the Ming dynasty as the last native dynasty on Chinese soil before the alien Manchus (Ch'ing) took over in 1644 and ruled the country up to the close of the entire imperial ...
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Patriotic Chinese hail the Ming dynasty as the last native dynasty on Chinese soil before the alien Manchus (Ch'ing) took over in 1644 and ruled the country up to the close of the entire imperial regime in 1911. However, the Ming governmental system persisted through the Ching: effectively, the same form of government prevailed in China for the entire 1368–1911 period, 543 years. This chapter discusses Ming society and economy, the transit of the Ming dynasty, the structure of government, the Chinese constitution, the government-notables alliance, maladministration, the nature of the regime, and the strengths and weaknesses of the Ming regime.Less
Patriotic Chinese hail the Ming dynasty as the last native dynasty on Chinese soil before the alien Manchus (Ch'ing) took over in 1644 and ruled the country up to the close of the entire imperial regime in 1911. However, the Ming governmental system persisted through the Ching: effectively, the same form of government prevailed in China for the entire 1368–1911 period, 543 years. This chapter discusses Ming society and economy, the transit of the Ming dynasty, the structure of government, the Chinese constitution, the government-notables alliance, maladministration, the nature of the regime, and the strengths and weaknesses of the Ming regime.
Dagmar Schäfer
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780197265321
- eISBN:
- 9780191760495
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265321.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, Historiography
The Chinese of the Ming/Qing dynasties took a distinctive approach to technology and innovation. The Chinese assigned a place and function to technologies and their products in statecraft, public ...
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The Chinese of the Ming/Qing dynasties took a distinctive approach to technology and innovation. The Chinese assigned a place and function to technologies and their products in statecraft, public life, and scholarly achievements. Ming connoisseurs valued craftsmanship, and porcelain and silk were used to negotiate political control and economic interests. But free markets emerged for these products of craftsmanship. This chapter charts how products were marketed, and how original designs and techniques were claimed and marked by their craftsmen.Less
The Chinese of the Ming/Qing dynasties took a distinctive approach to technology and innovation. The Chinese assigned a place and function to technologies and their products in statecraft, public life, and scholarly achievements. Ming connoisseurs valued craftsmanship, and porcelain and silk were used to negotiate political control and economic interests. But free markets emerged for these products of craftsmanship. This chapter charts how products were marketed, and how original designs and techniques were claimed and marked by their craftsmen.
Katherine Carlitz
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520231269
- eISBN:
- 9780520927797
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520231269.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter examines literati playwright-publishers in China during the late Ming dynasty, focusing on the Master of the Silkworm Studio. It analyzes the social dimensions of Ming drama publishing ...
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This chapter examines literati playwright-publishers in China during the late Ming dynasty, focusing on the Master of the Silkworm Studio. It analyzes the social dimensions of Ming drama publishing to learn why resources were concentrated on this genre to produce some of the most exquisite of all Ming printed editions. The chapter concludes that the concept of self which these late Ming editions of drama express is a literatus, imagined as part of the cultural elite.Less
This chapter examines literati playwright-publishers in China during the late Ming dynasty, focusing on the Master of the Silkworm Studio. It analyzes the social dimensions of Ming drama publishing to learn why resources were concentrated on this genre to produce some of the most exquisite of all Ming printed editions. The chapter concludes that the concept of self which these late Ming editions of drama express is a literatus, imagined as part of the cultural elite.
Timothy Brook, Michael van Walt van Praag, and Miek Boltjes (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780226562629
- eISBN:
- 9780226562933
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226562933.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
Imperial China operated its foreign relations through the tribute system. Membership in the system required paying tribute to China but also provided benefits in terms of political authority and ...
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Imperial China operated its foreign relations through the tribute system. Membership in the system required paying tribute to China but also provided benefits in terms of political authority and trade. The system imposed the expectation of mutual non-aggression among the tributaries, including China’s nonintervention except when invited in response to internal conflict or external invasion. Ideologically, the system rested on what might be called a Confucian law of nations, premised on a fundamental hierarchical distinction between Chinese and non-Chinese. Actual relations between Ming China and its tributaries produced a more troubled history than the idealized version of the system, in which China calculated its foreign relations in terms of its security needs and its capacity to project force abroad, and from time to time interfered in the affairs of its tributaries and waged war against them. Maintaining the system was particularly important to the emperor of the newly founded Ming dynasty, who needed diplomatic recognition from abroad to project legitimacy at home. For states in the near periphery such as Dai Viet and Chošon Korea, participation in the system was similarly important as a resource for projecting regime legitimacy at home and deflecting the costs of noncompliance.Less
Imperial China operated its foreign relations through the tribute system. Membership in the system required paying tribute to China but also provided benefits in terms of political authority and trade. The system imposed the expectation of mutual non-aggression among the tributaries, including China’s nonintervention except when invited in response to internal conflict or external invasion. Ideologically, the system rested on what might be called a Confucian law of nations, premised on a fundamental hierarchical distinction between Chinese and non-Chinese. Actual relations between Ming China and its tributaries produced a more troubled history than the idealized version of the system, in which China calculated its foreign relations in terms of its security needs and its capacity to project force abroad, and from time to time interfered in the affairs of its tributaries and waged war against them. Maintaining the system was particularly important to the emperor of the newly founded Ming dynasty, who needed diplomatic recognition from abroad to project legitimacy at home. For states in the near periphery such as Dai Viet and Chošon Korea, participation in the system was similarly important as a resource for projecting regime legitimacy at home and deflecting the costs of noncompliance.
Lucille Chia
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520231269
- eISBN:
- 9780520927797
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520231269.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter presents some findings and speculations on commercial publishing in Nanjing, China during the Ming Dynasty. It highlights the importance of Sanshan Street to the city's book trade and ...
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This chapter presents some findings and speculations on commercial publishing in Nanjing, China during the Ming Dynasty. It highlights the importance of Sanshan Street to the city's book trade and describes some publishers whose type and quantity of output make it difficult to determine whether they were commercial or private enterprises. The chapter also speculates on the changes over time and the regional differences and similarities in commercial publishing in Ming China.Less
This chapter presents some findings and speculations on commercial publishing in Nanjing, China during the Ming Dynasty. It highlights the importance of Sanshan Street to the city's book trade and describes some publishers whose type and quantity of output make it difficult to determine whether they were commercial or private enterprises. The chapter also speculates on the changes over time and the regional differences and similarities in commercial publishing in Ming China.
Karla W. Simon
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199765898
- eISBN:
- 9780199332540
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199765898.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
This chapter examines the various charitable organizations and other associations in the Ming and Qing dynasties. As time went on different kinds of organizations began to flourish (including illegal ...
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This chapter examines the various charitable organizations and other associations in the Ming and Qing dynasties. As time went on different kinds of organizations began to flourish (including illegal ones), and they contributed to the fall of the imperial era. By the end of the Qing dynasty, civil society was firmly entrenched in China and legal rules were being devised to protect it. It was only a matter of time before the greater protections of the Nationalist era would lead to more space for charity and associational life, and the chaos of the war years strengthened charity.Less
This chapter examines the various charitable organizations and other associations in the Ming and Qing dynasties. As time went on different kinds of organizations began to flourish (including illegal ones), and they contributed to the fall of the imperial era. By the end of the Qing dynasty, civil society was firmly entrenched in China and legal rules were being devised to protect it. It was only a matter of time before the greater protections of the Nationalist era would lead to more space for charity and associational life, and the chaos of the war years strengthened charity.
Matthew H. Sommer
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780520287037
- eISBN:
- 9780520962194
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520287037.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
Chapter 10 analyzes formal law and central-court interpretation of wife sale (and, secondarily, polyandry) from Ming through High Qing and shows that the main innovation of the Qing dynasty was a ...
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Chapter 10 analyzes formal law and central-court interpretation of wife sale (and, secondarily, polyandry) from Ming through High Qing and shows that the main innovation of the Qing dynasty was a dramatic expansion of criminalization. As a result, all prostitution and polyandry was prohibited (as the crime of “abetting a wife to engage in illicit sex with another man,” or zong jian), as were wife sales motivated solely by poverty (as the crime of “buying or selling a divorce,” or maixiu). The chapter also explains legally acceptable divorce, wife sale by court order, and the legal standing of wife sales involving concubines and slaves.Less
Chapter 10 analyzes formal law and central-court interpretation of wife sale (and, secondarily, polyandry) from Ming through High Qing and shows that the main innovation of the Qing dynasty was a dramatic expansion of criminalization. As a result, all prostitution and polyandry was prohibited (as the crime of “abetting a wife to engage in illicit sex with another man,” or zong jian), as were wife sales motivated solely by poverty (as the crime of “buying or selling a divorce,” or maixiu). The chapter also explains legally acceptable divorce, wife sale by court order, and the legal standing of wife sales involving concubines and slaves.
David M. Robinson
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780824859442
- eISBN:
- 9780824872151
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824859442.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
The introduction sets out the historical background to Chŏng Tojŏn and his writings. It situates Chŏng in the dramatic changes of East Asia during the fourteenth century, as dynastic changes ...
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The introduction sets out the historical background to Chŏng Tojŏn and his writings. It situates Chŏng in the dramatic changes of East Asia during the fourteenth century, as dynastic changes occurred in both Korea and China in the wake of the Mongol empire’s collapse. Chŏng went from being an ambitious outsider with little power to one of Korea’s influential men, becoming an important political advisor to the founder of the new Chosŏn dynasty. The introduction concludes with brief discussion of Chŏng’s understanding of history, writing, and their relevance to contemporary society and politics.Less
The introduction sets out the historical background to Chŏng Tojŏn and his writings. It situates Chŏng in the dramatic changes of East Asia during the fourteenth century, as dynastic changes occurred in both Korea and China in the wake of the Mongol empire’s collapse. Chŏng went from being an ambitious outsider with little power to one of Korea’s influential men, becoming an important political advisor to the founder of the new Chosŏn dynasty. The introduction concludes with brief discussion of Chŏng’s understanding of history, writing, and their relevance to contemporary society and politics.
Stephen McDowall
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622090842
- eISBN:
- 9789882207318
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622090842.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, World Literature
The Jiangnan man-of-letters found himself in a rather troubling and fast-paced place during the last century of the Ming dynasty. The size of public service composed of educated males remained ...
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The Jiangnan man-of-letters found himself in a rather troubling and fast-paced place during the last century of the Ming dynasty. The size of public service composed of educated males remained relatively unchanged despite significant increases in the population and the number of those who held degrees. A candidate was not guaranteed a position in government even after passing imperial examinations, and the textile and salt industries challenged the élite society's boundaries through causing an emergence of a new generation of mercantile families. It is important to note that this chaos and status competition became a source of fascinating scholarship. This chapter looks into how writing offered ways for the élite to portray themselves during the late-Ming dynasty as concern over such matters manifested themselves in trivial literature.Less
The Jiangnan man-of-letters found himself in a rather troubling and fast-paced place during the last century of the Ming dynasty. The size of public service composed of educated males remained relatively unchanged despite significant increases in the population and the number of those who held degrees. A candidate was not guaranteed a position in government even after passing imperial examinations, and the textile and salt industries challenged the élite society's boundaries through causing an emergence of a new generation of mercantile families. It is important to note that this chaos and status competition became a source of fascinating scholarship. This chapter looks into how writing offered ways for the élite to portray themselves during the late-Ming dynasty as concern over such matters manifested themselves in trivial literature.
Megan Bryson
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780804799546
- eISBN:
- 9781503600454
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804799546.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
As the Ming dynasty continued and gave way to the Qing, more migrants from the empire’s eastern and central regions made their way to Yunnan. Baijie Furen, the third form of Baijie, emerged as a ...
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As the Ming dynasty continued and gave way to the Qing, more migrants from the empire’s eastern and central regions made their way to Yunnan. Baijie Furen, the third form of Baijie, emerged as a result of this increasing contact between Han outsiders and Dali locals. This chapter argues that Baijie Furen, portrayed in legend as an eighth-century widow martyr, supplanted the earlier forms of Baijie because of her multifaceted identity: for Dali elites, she signified the region’s long history of Confucian virtues, which marked it as civilized; for Ming and Qing elites, her exceptional example proved that imperial civilizing projects could succeed. In both cases Baijie Furen served as a proxy for the Bai people because male elites correlated a population’s civilization with women’s sexual propriety.Less
As the Ming dynasty continued and gave way to the Qing, more migrants from the empire’s eastern and central regions made their way to Yunnan. Baijie Furen, the third form of Baijie, emerged as a result of this increasing contact between Han outsiders and Dali locals. This chapter argues that Baijie Furen, portrayed in legend as an eighth-century widow martyr, supplanted the earlier forms of Baijie because of her multifaceted identity: for Dali elites, she signified the region’s long history of Confucian virtues, which marked it as civilized; for Ming and Qing elites, her exceptional example proved that imperial civilizing projects could succeed. In both cases Baijie Furen served as a proxy for the Bai people because male elites correlated a population’s civilization with women’s sexual propriety.
Megan Bryson
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780804799546
- eISBN:
- 9781503600454
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804799546.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
This chapter examines Baijie’s next form, Baijie Amei, which developed in the fifteenth century after the Dali kingdom had become part of the Ming dynasty. Baijie Amei’s legend shows how Dali elites ...
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This chapter examines Baijie’s next form, Baijie Amei, which developed in the fifteenth century after the Dali kingdom had become part of the Ming dynasty. Baijie Amei’s legend shows how Dali elites drew on Chinese historiographical conventions in formulating a local Bai ethnic identity. According to her legend, Baijie Amei was born from a giant plum and conceived Duan Siping, founder of the Dali kingdom, after touching a dragon. This story mirrors Chinese tales about great rulers that claim dragon paternity, but diverges from Chinese conventions by giving Baijie Amei her own miraculous birth. Chinese officials accepted that male rulers could have miraculous births, but not that their mothers could, too. Baijie Amei remained a powerful symbol for Bai elites in Dali who claimed direct descent from her and worshiped her as a goddess that linked them to the illustrious Bai lineage of Dali’s independent history.Less
This chapter examines Baijie’s next form, Baijie Amei, which developed in the fifteenth century after the Dali kingdom had become part of the Ming dynasty. Baijie Amei’s legend shows how Dali elites drew on Chinese historiographical conventions in formulating a local Bai ethnic identity. According to her legend, Baijie Amei was born from a giant plum and conceived Duan Siping, founder of the Dali kingdom, after touching a dragon. This story mirrors Chinese tales about great rulers that claim dragon paternity, but diverges from Chinese conventions by giving Baijie Amei her own miraculous birth. Chinese officials accepted that male rulers could have miraculous births, but not that their mothers could, too. Baijie Amei remained a powerful symbol for Bai elites in Dali who claimed direct descent from her and worshiped her as a goddess that linked them to the illustrious Bai lineage of Dali’s independent history.
Mark R. E. Meulenbeld
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824838447
- eISBN:
- 9780824869458
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824838447.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter examines demonic warfare during the Ming dynasty by situating Daoist martial rituals within imperial politics. It considers how the liturgical structure of Daoism is implemented on an ...
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This chapter examines demonic warfare during the Ming dynasty by situating Daoist martial rituals within imperial politics. It considers how the liturgical structure of Daoism is implemented on an imperial scale by Daoist experts of Thunder Ritual who do so at the behest of the early Ming emperors such as Zhu Yuanzhang, who seeks to strengthen his martial forces by building the empire on a foundation of local, terrestrial spirits who can be enlisted as demon soldiers. The chapter looks at the Altar for Baleful Spirits (litan), an official institution subsumed under the City God that is designed to incorporate the unruly spirits who roam through the empire after the dynastic wars have ended. It argues that the formation of the pantheon that is deified at the end of Canonization of the Gods can be traced back to this period.Less
This chapter examines demonic warfare during the Ming dynasty by situating Daoist martial rituals within imperial politics. It considers how the liturgical structure of Daoism is implemented on an imperial scale by Daoist experts of Thunder Ritual who do so at the behest of the early Ming emperors such as Zhu Yuanzhang, who seeks to strengthen his martial forces by building the empire on a foundation of local, terrestrial spirits who can be enlisted as demon soldiers. The chapter looks at the Altar for Baleful Spirits (litan), an official institution subsumed under the City God that is designed to incorporate the unruly spirits who roam through the empire after the dynastic wars have ended. It argues that the formation of the pantheon that is deified at the end of Canonization of the Gods can be traced back to this period.
Achim Mittag
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199219179
- eISBN:
- 9780191804267
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199219179.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, World Early Modern History
This chapter deals with historical writing under the Ming and Qing dynasties. Historical writing was traditionally a state-run project, which consisted in the collection and compilation of sources ...
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This chapter deals with historical writing under the Ming and Qing dynasties. Historical writing was traditionally a state-run project, which consisted in the collection and compilation of sources for the production of ‘official histories’. The chapter covers the compilation of the official Yuan history and the veritable records; the formation of state historiography under the Qing and the writing of the history of the official Ming dynasty; gazetteer historiography; and the apogee of official historiography under emperor Qianlong. It also describes the unfolding and profusion of kaozheng (‘evidential research’) scholarship that went beyond personal affiliation with state historiographical institutions.Less
This chapter deals with historical writing under the Ming and Qing dynasties. Historical writing was traditionally a state-run project, which consisted in the collection and compilation of sources for the production of ‘official histories’. The chapter covers the compilation of the official Yuan history and the veritable records; the formation of state historiography under the Qing and the writing of the history of the official Ming dynasty; gazetteer historiography; and the apogee of official historiography under emperor Qianlong. It also describes the unfolding and profusion of kaozheng (‘evidential research’) scholarship that went beyond personal affiliation with state historiographical institutions.
Anne E. McLaren
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520231269
- eISBN:
- 9780520927797
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520231269.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter examines the emergence of new reading publics in China during the late Ming Dynasty. It traces the shifting constructions of readers, authors, and editors; the broadening of reading ...
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This chapter examines the emergence of new reading publics in China during the late Ming Dynasty. It traces the shifting constructions of readers, authors, and editors; the broadening of reading practices during this period; and the emergence of an apologia for vernacular print. The chapter discusses the paradigms underlying notions of readers; authors and reading practices, beginning with the standards set by the Neo-Confucian thinker Zhu Xi; and argues that the expanding lexicon for authoring and reading texts was based on a set of suppositions seeking to legitimize vernacular print. It also describes the editorial practices of Yu Xiangdou, who was perhaps the first to write commentary aimed specifically at readers with low educational and literacy levels.Less
This chapter examines the emergence of new reading publics in China during the late Ming Dynasty. It traces the shifting constructions of readers, authors, and editors; the broadening of reading practices during this period; and the emergence of an apologia for vernacular print. The chapter discusses the paradigms underlying notions of readers; authors and reading practices, beginning with the standards set by the Neo-Confucian thinker Zhu Xi; and argues that the expanding lexicon for authoring and reading texts was based on a set of suppositions seeking to legitimize vernacular print. It also describes the editorial practices of Yu Xiangdou, who was perhaps the first to write commentary aimed specifically at readers with low educational and literacy levels.
Cheng-heng Lu
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824852764
- eISBN:
- 9780824869021
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824852764.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter examines the rise of Zheng Zhilong and his organization, the Zheng Ministry (Zheng Bu), using two sources: the Zhongguo Mingchao dang'an zonghui (Compendium of Ming Dynasty Archival ...
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This chapter examines the rise of Zheng Zhilong and his organization, the Zheng Ministry (Zheng Bu), using two sources: the Zhongguo Mingchao dang'an zonghui (Compendium of Ming Dynasty Archival Documents) and the Ming Qing shiliao (Historical Materials of the Ming and Qing). It also considers the writings of contemporaneous members of the gentry who played a role in Zhilong's life in order to determine what distinguished Zhilong from the many pirate-traders active on China's southern coast during the Ming dynasty. Before fully exploring the reasons for Zhilong's rise, the chapter discusses Ming military system, with particular emphasis on the military's reliance on household registers or recruitment of bandits to fill the army ranks. It also looks at the role of the Quanzhou clan network and the competition between Quanzhou and Zhangzhou in Zhilong's rise. Finally, it narrates Zhilong's victories over the pirates Li Kuiqi, Zhong Bin, Zhong Lingxiu, and Liu Xiang and his surrender to the Manchus in Beijing.Less
This chapter examines the rise of Zheng Zhilong and his organization, the Zheng Ministry (Zheng Bu), using two sources: the Zhongguo Mingchao dang'an zonghui (Compendium of Ming Dynasty Archival Documents) and the Ming Qing shiliao (Historical Materials of the Ming and Qing). It also considers the writings of contemporaneous members of the gentry who played a role in Zhilong's life in order to determine what distinguished Zhilong from the many pirate-traders active on China's southern coast during the Ming dynasty. Before fully exploring the reasons for Zhilong's rise, the chapter discusses Ming military system, with particular emphasis on the military's reliance on household registers or recruitment of bandits to fill the army ranks. It also looks at the role of the Quanzhou clan network and the competition between Quanzhou and Zhangzhou in Zhilong's rise. Finally, it narrates Zhilong's victories over the pirates Li Kuiqi, Zhong Bin, Zhong Lingxiu, and Liu Xiang and his surrender to the Manchus in Beijing.
Mick Atha and Kennis Yip
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9789888208982
- eISBN:
- 9789888313952
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888208982.003.0007
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
The final chronological discussion in Chapter 7 addresses the Ming and Qing dynasties, which at Sha Po could not be more different in that the former is virtually absent, whereas archaeological ...
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The final chronological discussion in Chapter 7 addresses the Ming and Qing dynasties, which at Sha Po could not be more different in that the former is virtually absent, whereas archaeological remains from the latter period are abundant and provide fascinating insights into the lives of local people. Moreover, those material remains can also be interpreted with reference to a particularly rich historical and anthropological resource resulting from documentary research and interviews with village elders between the 1950s and 1980s. Recent historical research is a rapidly expanding field in archaeology, but sadly neglected in Hong Kong, and this chapter attempts to highlight its potential for the creation of more humanistic narratives and detailed interpretations than are possible in earlier periods.Less
The final chronological discussion in Chapter 7 addresses the Ming and Qing dynasties, which at Sha Po could not be more different in that the former is virtually absent, whereas archaeological remains from the latter period are abundant and provide fascinating insights into the lives of local people. Moreover, those material remains can also be interpreted with reference to a particularly rich historical and anthropological resource resulting from documentary research and interviews with village elders between the 1950s and 1980s. Recent historical research is a rapidly expanding field in archaeology, but sadly neglected in Hong Kong, and this chapter attempts to highlight its potential for the creation of more humanistic narratives and detailed interpretations than are possible in earlier periods.
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804753180
- eISBN:
- 9780804767934
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804753180.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
The Pearl River Delta underwent a dark age in its history that began in the fourteenth century and lasted until a decade or so before the founding of the Ming dynasty in 1368. During the Ming dynasty ...
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The Pearl River Delta underwent a dark age in its history that began in the fourteenth century and lasted until a decade or so before the founding of the Ming dynasty in 1368. During the Ming dynasty (1279–1368), a new ruling class came into existence along with a society that was radically different from the image historians might have of the Pearl River Delta, when lineages had been established all over and lineage rituals in the style advocated by the neo-Confucians during the Song dynasty had been put into place. In those early days, Pearl River Delta society was dominated by warlords, many of whom held official positions in the Yuan government. The Ming government imposed onto this society lijia household registration in stages, and the registered households eventually became lineages.Less
The Pearl River Delta underwent a dark age in its history that began in the fourteenth century and lasted until a decade or so before the founding of the Ming dynasty in 1368. During the Ming dynasty (1279–1368), a new ruling class came into existence along with a society that was radically different from the image historians might have of the Pearl River Delta, when lineages had been established all over and lineage rituals in the style advocated by the neo-Confucians during the Song dynasty had been put into place. In those early days, Pearl River Delta society was dominated by warlords, many of whom held official positions in the Yuan government. The Ming government imposed onto this society lijia household registration in stages, and the registered households eventually became lineages.
Mamoru Akamine
Robert Huey (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780824855178
- eISBN:
- 9780824872953
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824855178.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
With the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Hongwu announced a ban on sea travel to try and control wakō pirates. He established a tribute system whereby countries that accepted the Chinese ...
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With the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Hongwu announced a ban on sea travel to try and control wakō pirates. He established a tribute system whereby countries that accepted the Chinese emperor as sovereign could send tribute trade missions to and from China. Because the pirates frequented the Ryukyu Islands, Hongwu had a preference policy toward Ryukyu to obtain their help in controlling wakō pirates. Of the three domains dominating Okinawa Island, Chūzan emerged as China’s main trading partner, and this began the process of unifying the Ryukyu Kingdom. A number of Chinese merchants, traditionally known as “the Thirty-six Families” relocated to Ryukyu to facilitate tribute trade, though the author disputes the conventional view of this as a “gift” from China. By the end of the chapter, Ryukyu is poised to be a key player – a cornerstone – in the East Asian trade sphere.Less
With the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Hongwu announced a ban on sea travel to try and control wakō pirates. He established a tribute system whereby countries that accepted the Chinese emperor as sovereign could send tribute trade missions to and from China. Because the pirates frequented the Ryukyu Islands, Hongwu had a preference policy toward Ryukyu to obtain their help in controlling wakō pirates. Of the three domains dominating Okinawa Island, Chūzan emerged as China’s main trading partner, and this began the process of unifying the Ryukyu Kingdom. A number of Chinese merchants, traditionally known as “the Thirty-six Families” relocated to Ryukyu to facilitate tribute trade, though the author disputes the conventional view of this as a “gift” from China. By the end of the chapter, Ryukyu is poised to be a key player – a cornerstone – in the East Asian trade sphere.
Richard von Glahn
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520234086
- eISBN:
- 9780520928770
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520234086.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
Money has an ancient history in China, but perhaps at no time did money have greater symbolic import than in the late Ming dynasty. To many, the proliferation of money unleashed the hordes of Mammon ...
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Money has an ancient history in China, but perhaps at no time did money have greater symbolic import than in the late Ming dynasty. To many, the proliferation of money unleashed the hordes of Mammon and ruptured the delicate bonds of reciprocity binding a solidary moral economy. The popular imagination also invested money with cultural meaning. Most conspicuous among the symbolic representations of money in late Ming Jiangnan was the “god of wealth.” In Jiangnan, since the eighteenth century the cult of the god of wealth has focused on a group of five deities known as the Gods of the Five Paths to Wealth. These deities are not ancient gods; rather, they are derived, in greatly altered form, from the cult of Wutong. Song and Ming folklore reveals a strong connection between Wutong and wealth.Less
Money has an ancient history in China, but perhaps at no time did money have greater symbolic import than in the late Ming dynasty. To many, the proliferation of money unleashed the hordes of Mammon and ruptured the delicate bonds of reciprocity binding a solidary moral economy. The popular imagination also invested money with cultural meaning. Most conspicuous among the symbolic representations of money in late Ming Jiangnan was the “god of wealth.” In Jiangnan, since the eighteenth century the cult of the god of wealth has focused on a group of five deities known as the Gods of the Five Paths to Wealth. These deities are not ancient gods; rather, they are derived, in greatly altered form, from the cult of Wutong. Song and Ming folklore reveals a strong connection between Wutong and wealth.
On-cho Ng
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199219179
- eISBN:
- 9780191804267
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199219179.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, World Early Modern History
This chapter examines a host of significant authors and their works to shed light on the heretofore under-studied private historiography of late imperial China. It shows that while the Ming and Qing ...
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This chapter examines a host of significant authors and their works to shed light on the heretofore under-studied private historiography of late imperial China. It shows that while the Ming and Qing worlds of private historiography might not have produced major comprehensive historical works, there was no dearth of diversity, creativity, and innovation. The Ming scholars, highly critical of a degenerate official historiography, sought improvement by pursuing private projects. In the Qing, many historians were guided by a discriminating sense of anachronism, as the kaozheng methods pushed them into rigorous interrogations of the past.Less
This chapter examines a host of significant authors and their works to shed light on the heretofore under-studied private historiography of late imperial China. It shows that while the Ming and Qing worlds of private historiography might not have produced major comprehensive historical works, there was no dearth of diversity, creativity, and innovation. The Ming scholars, highly critical of a degenerate official historiography, sought improvement by pursuing private projects. In the Qing, many historians were guided by a discriminating sense of anachronism, as the kaozheng methods pushed them into rigorous interrogations of the past.
