L. V. SCOTT
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198204213
- eISBN:
- 9780191676154
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198204213.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Military History
In sponsoring the 1939 Military Training Act the government abandoned its previous pledges not to introduce military conscription in peacetime in haste and without the consultation that the ...
More
In sponsoring the 1939 Military Training Act the government abandoned its previous pledges not to introduce military conscription in peacetime in haste and without the consultation that the opposition had come to enjoy. The Labour Party did not oppose the principle of compulsory military service in wartime, but found peacetime conscription unacceptable. Chamberlain announced that the government still committed to the voluntary principle in service recruitment. However, in the next month he changed his mind, and announced the ‘temporary and limited’ measures that would conscript twenty-year olds for a period of six months’ military training. Chamberlain changed his mind for a mixture of diplomatic and military reasons. In Parliament peacetime compulsion brought a flood of embittered rhetoric from Labour members. The Labour Party became increasingly isolated in its hostility. The Liberal Party quickly accepted the need for the Military Training Act and voted with the government.Less
In sponsoring the 1939 Military Training Act the government abandoned its previous pledges not to introduce military conscription in peacetime in haste and without the consultation that the opposition had come to enjoy. The Labour Party did not oppose the principle of compulsory military service in wartime, but found peacetime conscription unacceptable. Chamberlain announced that the government still committed to the voluntary principle in service recruitment. However, in the next month he changed his mind, and announced the ‘temporary and limited’ measures that would conscript twenty-year olds for a period of six months’ military training. Chamberlain changed his mind for a mixture of diplomatic and military reasons. In Parliament peacetime compulsion brought a flood of embittered rhetoric from Labour members. The Labour Party became increasingly isolated in its hostility. The Liberal Party quickly accepted the need for the Military Training Act and voted with the government.
Emma Newlands
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780719088049
- eISBN:
- 9781781707869
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719088049.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter investigates the processes by which civilian bodies were converted for military purposes within the first sixteen or so weeks of army life: the phase of basic training. It suggests that ...
More
This chapter investigates the processes by which civilian bodies were converted for military purposes within the first sixteen or so weeks of army life: the phase of basic training. It suggests that there were two key principles to this process. Army instructors had to achieve control over the recruit’s body in order to subject him to the authority of the regime. Thus, men were told what to eat, when to rest, what to wear and how to behave during their free time. Instructors also proceeded to transform the recruit’s body into an effective military machine by making it, fit, ordered and productive. This was achieved through a strict regime of physical exercise, field exercises, team sports and military drill. Soldier’s testimonies suggest, however, that while some men came to identify with the army’s ideals and worked hard to transform their bodies, others found ways of circumventing the army’s rules. In the safety of their barrack rooms both officers and men got drunk, dressed as women and had sex with each other. By drawing on these experiences this chapter therefore considers the dynamics of compliance, resistance and participation in modern regimes of the military through corporeal transformation.Less
This chapter investigates the processes by which civilian bodies were converted for military purposes within the first sixteen or so weeks of army life: the phase of basic training. It suggests that there were two key principles to this process. Army instructors had to achieve control over the recruit’s body in order to subject him to the authority of the regime. Thus, men were told what to eat, when to rest, what to wear and how to behave during their free time. Instructors also proceeded to transform the recruit’s body into an effective military machine by making it, fit, ordered and productive. This was achieved through a strict regime of physical exercise, field exercises, team sports and military drill. Soldier’s testimonies suggest, however, that while some men came to identify with the army’s ideals and worked hard to transform their bodies, others found ways of circumventing the army’s rules. In the safety of their barrack rooms both officers and men got drunk, dressed as women and had sex with each other. By drawing on these experiences this chapter therefore considers the dynamics of compliance, resistance and participation in modern regimes of the military through corporeal transformation.
Jonathan S. Addleton
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9789888139941
- eISBN:
- 9789888180868
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888139941.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter explores interaction between the United States and Mongolia on security issues, including support for Mongolia's increasing presence on UN and other peacekeeping missions around the ...
More
This chapter explores interaction between the United States and Mongolia on security issues, including support for Mongolia's increasing presence on UN and other peacekeeping missions around the world. Most notably, Mongolia joined international efforts in both Iraq and Afghanistan. Mongolian soldiers have also served under the UN flag in Sierra Leone, Kosovo, Chad, Darfur and South Sudan, among other places. The United States supported these efforts in a number of ways, including through a partnership established between the Mongolian Armed Forces and the Alaska National Guard and periodic exercises such as Khaan Quest and Gobi Wolf. Joining with other countries, the United States also helped Mongolia in its efforts to establish an international peacekeeping training centre at Five Hills, west of Ulaanbaatar.Less
This chapter explores interaction between the United States and Mongolia on security issues, including support for Mongolia's increasing presence on UN and other peacekeeping missions around the world. Most notably, Mongolia joined international efforts in both Iraq and Afghanistan. Mongolian soldiers have also served under the UN flag in Sierra Leone, Kosovo, Chad, Darfur and South Sudan, among other places. The United States supported these efforts in a number of ways, including through a partnership established between the Mongolian Armed Forces and the Alaska National Guard and periodic exercises such as Khaan Quest and Gobi Wolf. Joining with other countries, the United States also helped Mongolia in its efforts to establish an international peacekeeping training centre at Five Hills, west of Ulaanbaatar.
Brian D. Laslie
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813160597
- eISBN:
- 9780813161297
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813160597.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Military History
This work traces the creation and evolution of air combat training exercises within the U.S. Air Force from Vietnam through Operation Desert Storm and Operation Allied Force. After Vietnam, the USAF ...
More
This work traces the creation and evolution of air combat training exercises within the U.S. Air Force from Vietnam through Operation Desert Storm and Operation Allied Force. After Vietnam, the USAF fundamentally changed the way it prepared its combat pilots for air warfare. The creation of the realistic training exercise Red Flag altered the way the air force trained for and executed combat operations. Along the way, the importance of tactical aircraft greatly increased as the importance and contributions of the Strategic Air Command began to wane.Less
This work traces the creation and evolution of air combat training exercises within the U.S. Air Force from Vietnam through Operation Desert Storm and Operation Allied Force. After Vietnam, the USAF fundamentally changed the way it prepared its combat pilots for air warfare. The creation of the realistic training exercise Red Flag altered the way the air force trained for and executed combat operations. Along the way, the importance of tactical aircraft greatly increased as the importance and contributions of the Strategic Air Command began to wane.
Brian D. Laslie
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813160597
- eISBN:
- 9780813161297
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813160597.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Military History
Chapter 2 traces the tactical and doctrinal changes that occurred in the air force through the 1970s and 1980s and focuses on the development of new opportunities to train. Several concrete changes ...
More
Chapter 2 traces the tactical and doctrinal changes that occurred in the air force through the 1970s and 1980s and focuses on the development of new opportunities to train. Several concrete changes occurred to air force training regimens immediately following the end of the Vietnam War. First, fighter pilots meeting at Nellis Air Force Base created and instituted the designed operational capability (DOC) statement. This allowed fighter squadrons to focus only on a primary and secondary mission rather than having to train toward numerous missions and never reach combat proficiency in any of them. These same pilots also instituted the “building-block” approach to air combat, a step-by-step process to train pilots in operations from basic fighter maneuvers to more advanced air combat training. This chapter also details the creation of dedicated “aggressor” squadrons. The aggressors were trained in Soviet combat techniques and flew aircraft similar in size and power to enemy MiGs. These squadrons flew against other fighter squadrons to demonstrate just how the enemy functioned in battle. Finally, a secret program code-named Constant Peg allowed select pilots to fly against actual MiG aircraft obtained by the U.S. Air Force.Less
Chapter 2 traces the tactical and doctrinal changes that occurred in the air force through the 1970s and 1980s and focuses on the development of new opportunities to train. Several concrete changes occurred to air force training regimens immediately following the end of the Vietnam War. First, fighter pilots meeting at Nellis Air Force Base created and instituted the designed operational capability (DOC) statement. This allowed fighter squadrons to focus only on a primary and secondary mission rather than having to train toward numerous missions and never reach combat proficiency in any of them. These same pilots also instituted the “building-block” approach to air combat, a step-by-step process to train pilots in operations from basic fighter maneuvers to more advanced air combat training. This chapter also details the creation of dedicated “aggressor” squadrons. The aggressors were trained in Soviet combat techniques and flew aircraft similar in size and power to enemy MiGs. These squadrons flew against other fighter squadrons to demonstrate just how the enemy functioned in battle. Finally, a secret program code-named Constant Peg allowed select pilots to fly against actual MiG aircraft obtained by the U.S. Air Force.
Brian D. Laslie
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813160597
- eISBN:
- 9780813161297
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813160597.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Military History
Chapter 3 places the training that began after the end of American involvement in Vietnam into the context of new large-force exercises designed to simulate combat at operational-level exercises, ...
More
Chapter 3 places the training that began after the end of American involvement in Vietnam into the context of new large-force exercises designed to simulate combat at operational-level exercises, such as Red Flag. The creation of Red Flag in 1975 and subsequent exercises were the most important steps in achieving the later battlefield successes of the 1990s. The Red Flag exercise was created to simulate a pilot’s first ten combat missions, after which a pilot’s life expectancy greatly increased. The brainchild of Lieutenant Colonel Richard “Moody” Suter and with strong backing from TAC commander General Richard Dixon, Red Flag altered the air force’s concept and execution of aerial warfare. The exercise expanded at an amazing rate throughout the later 1970s and 1980s, eventually growing to train thousands of airmen each year and including international participation from eighteen countries.Less
Chapter 3 places the training that began after the end of American involvement in Vietnam into the context of new large-force exercises designed to simulate combat at operational-level exercises, such as Red Flag. The creation of Red Flag in 1975 and subsequent exercises were the most important steps in achieving the later battlefield successes of the 1990s. The Red Flag exercise was created to simulate a pilot’s first ten combat missions, after which a pilot’s life expectancy greatly increased. The brainchild of Lieutenant Colonel Richard “Moody” Suter and with strong backing from TAC commander General Richard Dixon, Red Flag altered the air force’s concept and execution of aerial warfare. The exercise expanded at an amazing rate throughout the later 1970s and 1980s, eventually growing to train thousands of airmen each year and including international participation from eighteen countries.
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226482538
- eISBN:
- 9780226482552
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226482552.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter evaluates the status of Walter Reed Hospital, which has become the primary receiving hospital for injured American soldiers. Known as the “center of gravity” in army medicine, today's ...
More
This chapter evaluates the status of Walter Reed Hospital, which has become the primary receiving hospital for injured American soldiers. Known as the “center of gravity” in army medicine, today's Walter Reed Army Medical Center (WRAMC) operated as a general hospital that provides a wide array of services equivalent to those found at any major university hospital in the civilian sector. The pride of Walter Reed was its orthopedic and rehabilitative care. Walter Reed rehabilitation team depended on Scoville's testimony and on their experience of working within a hospital bureaucracy when they put forth a formal proposal for a new amputee center. Their arguments that better technology and space were needed for better care proved persuasive. The Military Advanced Training Center presented a host of psychological and occupational therapy services that assist patients with adapting to their individual circumstances.Less
This chapter evaluates the status of Walter Reed Hospital, which has become the primary receiving hospital for injured American soldiers. Known as the “center of gravity” in army medicine, today's Walter Reed Army Medical Center (WRAMC) operated as a general hospital that provides a wide array of services equivalent to those found at any major university hospital in the civilian sector. The pride of Walter Reed was its orthopedic and rehabilitative care. Walter Reed rehabilitation team depended on Scoville's testimony and on their experience of working within a hospital bureaucracy when they put forth a formal proposal for a new amputee center. Their arguments that better technology and space were needed for better care proved persuasive. The Military Advanced Training Center presented a host of psychological and occupational therapy services that assist patients with adapting to their individual circumstances.
Marjorie Garber
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780823242047
- eISBN:
- 9780823242085
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823242047.003.0015
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
In 2003, Drs. Sean and Judith Palfrey, the masters of Adams House at Harvard University, invited students and other concerned citizens to get involved in the debates and to reflect upon the ...
More
In 2003, Drs. Sean and Judith Palfrey, the masters of Adams House at Harvard University, invited students and other concerned citizens to get involved in the debates and to reflect upon the implications for themselves and for the country. In this case, the conflict in question was the pending invasion of Iraq. On January 5, 1968, Dr. Benjamin Spock, the celebrated author of Baby and Child Care, the bible for a generation of anxious American parents, and four co-defendants were charged with conspiracy “to hinder and interfere with the administration of the Universal Military and Training Act.” In other words, they had advised young people to resist the draft. The defendants in the Spock trial became known as the Boston Five. The Boston Five, the Chicago Seven, and the New Haven Nine are radical numbers. To at least some of today's audiences and readers, these numbers will be more mysterious than revealing. Each of these was a group of radical intellectuals, or intellectual radicals, trying to make a difference.Less
In 2003, Drs. Sean and Judith Palfrey, the masters of Adams House at Harvard University, invited students and other concerned citizens to get involved in the debates and to reflect upon the implications for themselves and for the country. In this case, the conflict in question was the pending invasion of Iraq. On January 5, 1968, Dr. Benjamin Spock, the celebrated author of Baby and Child Care, the bible for a generation of anxious American parents, and four co-defendants were charged with conspiracy “to hinder and interfere with the administration of the Universal Military and Training Act.” In other words, they had advised young people to resist the draft. The defendants in the Spock trial became known as the Boston Five. The Boston Five, the Chicago Seven, and the New Haven Nine are radical numbers. To at least some of today's audiences and readers, these numbers will be more mysterious than revealing. Each of these was a group of radical intellectuals, or intellectual radicals, trying to make a difference.
Rafael Chabrán
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781628461640
- eISBN:
- 9781626745674
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781628461640.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
The final essay is Rafael Chabrán’s moving personal account of the experiences of his father, a Puerto Rican military man. Chabrán, a noted Hispanist, through his family´s (and his own) history, ...
More
The final essay is Rafael Chabrán’s moving personal account of the experiences of his father, a Puerto Rican military man. Chabrán, a noted Hispanist, through his family´s (and his own) history, throws light on how the war transformed the life of many veterans. ‘He never spoke about the war, or wars, and I never asked,’ Chabrán noted. “‘He does not like to talk about those things’, my mother warned me many times as I was about to ask or had asked without thinking. All I had and still have are those pictures in family albums that I loved to look at when I was a child.”Less
The final essay is Rafael Chabrán’s moving personal account of the experiences of his father, a Puerto Rican military man. Chabrán, a noted Hispanist, through his family´s (and his own) history, throws light on how the war transformed the life of many veterans. ‘He never spoke about the war, or wars, and I never asked,’ Chabrán noted. “‘He does not like to talk about those things’, my mother warned me many times as I was about to ask or had asked without thinking. All I had and still have are those pictures in family albums that I loved to look at when I was a child.”
Benjamin A. Cowan
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469627502
- eISBN:
- 9781469627526
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469627502.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
Chapter Five investigates the impact of moral technocracy—the ways in which doctrinalized moral panic suffused security institutions and made inroads into repressive practice. Categorical alarm about ...
More
Chapter Five investigates the impact of moral technocracy—the ways in which doctrinalized moral panic suffused security institutions and made inroads into repressive practice. Categorical alarm about youth, decadence, media, and working women manifested itself throughout Brazil’s security establishment. These notions, moreover, did not merely percolate at the higher levels of government authority. Police and security forces on the ground, the foot soldiers of countersubversion, also bound sex and morality into their approaches to the “enemy.” Intelligence and political police agents surveilled sexual deviance; the nation’s spy agencies shared information about supposed orgies among leftist educators and their students; state representatives, from top-brass intellectuals to cops on a beat, wrung their hands over the “loss” of young people via sexualized subversion; and military and police guides to identifying and dealing with subversion outlined sexual seduction, “free love,” and public eroticism as tactics of communist insurgency. The intensity of repression, like the reasons for arrest and atrocity, varied over time and in keeping with the multifarious paranoias of police; but the notion of sexual, gender, and moral deviance as a communist conspiracy framed police work in important ways.Less
Chapter Five investigates the impact of moral technocracy—the ways in which doctrinalized moral panic suffused security institutions and made inroads into repressive practice. Categorical alarm about youth, decadence, media, and working women manifested itself throughout Brazil’s security establishment. These notions, moreover, did not merely percolate at the higher levels of government authority. Police and security forces on the ground, the foot soldiers of countersubversion, also bound sex and morality into their approaches to the “enemy.” Intelligence and political police agents surveilled sexual deviance; the nation’s spy agencies shared information about supposed orgies among leftist educators and their students; state representatives, from top-brass intellectuals to cops on a beat, wrung their hands over the “loss” of young people via sexualized subversion; and military and police guides to identifying and dealing with subversion outlined sexual seduction, “free love,” and public eroticism as tactics of communist insurgency. The intensity of repression, like the reasons for arrest and atrocity, varied over time and in keeping with the multifarious paranoias of police; but the notion of sexual, gender, and moral deviance as a communist conspiracy framed police work in important ways.
