Jennifer Radden
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195151657
- eISBN:
- 9780199849253
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195151657.003.0005
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
This chapter presents Avicenna's discussion of melancholy. Avicenna is the Latinized form of the Arabic Ibn Sina, an abbreviation of Abu Ali al Husain ibn Abd, Allah ib Sina. Avicenna lived between ...
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This chapter presents Avicenna's discussion of melancholy. Avicenna is the Latinized form of the Arabic Ibn Sina, an abbreviation of Abu Ali al Husain ibn Abd, Allah ib Sina. Avicenna lived between 980 and 1037. He was born near Bukhara and was of Persian origin. Avicenna's masterpiece, written in Arabic, was the four-volume Canon of Medicine. The writing on melancholy in the Canon illustrates the way humoral theory and the symptom descriptions of melancholia traveled between ancient and medieval (western European) medicine by way of Arabic medicine. Arabic medical authorities such as Avicenna and his immediate influences Ishaq ibn Imran and Haly Abbas knew Greek medical lore, and, although there were also more direct sources through the Latin translations of the Greek works, were to a significant extent responsible for its return to western Europe to influence medieval medicine.Less
This chapter presents Avicenna's discussion of melancholy. Avicenna is the Latinized form of the Arabic Ibn Sina, an abbreviation of Abu Ali al Husain ibn Abd, Allah ib Sina. Avicenna lived between 980 and 1037. He was born near Bukhara and was of Persian origin. Avicenna's masterpiece, written in Arabic, was the four-volume Canon of Medicine. The writing on melancholy in the Canon illustrates the way humoral theory and the symptom descriptions of melancholia traveled between ancient and medieval (western European) medicine by way of Arabic medicine. Arabic medical authorities such as Avicenna and his immediate influences Ishaq ibn Imran and Haly Abbas knew Greek medical lore, and, although there were also more direct sources through the Latin translations of the Greek works, were to a significant extent responsible for its return to western Europe to influence medieval medicine.
Michael Kinch
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781469630625
- eISBN:
- 9781469630649
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469630625.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Innovation
The introduction of new medicines has dramatically improved the quantity and quality of individual and public health while contributing trillions of dollars to the global economy. In spite of these ...
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The introduction of new medicines has dramatically improved the quantity and quality of individual and public health while contributing trillions of dollars to the global economy. In spite of these past successes--and indeed because of them--our ability to deliver new medicines may be quickly coming to an end. Moving from the beginning of the twentieth century to the present, A Prescription for Change reveals how changing business strategies combined with scientific hubris have altered the way new medicines are discovered, with dire implications for both health and the economy.
To explain how we have arrived at this pivotal moment, Michael Kinch recounts the history of pharmaceutical and biotechnological advances in the twentieth century. Kinch relates stories of the individuals and organizations that built the modern infrastructure that supports the development of innovative new medicines. He shows that an accelerating cycle of acquisition and downsizing is cannibalizing that infrastructure Kinch demonstrates the dismantling of the pharmaceutical and biotechnological research and development enterprises could also provide opportunities to innovate new models that sustain and expand the introduction of newer and better breakthrough medicines in the years to come.Less
The introduction of new medicines has dramatically improved the quantity and quality of individual and public health while contributing trillions of dollars to the global economy. In spite of these past successes--and indeed because of them--our ability to deliver new medicines may be quickly coming to an end. Moving from the beginning of the twentieth century to the present, A Prescription for Change reveals how changing business strategies combined with scientific hubris have altered the way new medicines are discovered, with dire implications for both health and the economy.
To explain how we have arrived at this pivotal moment, Michael Kinch recounts the history of pharmaceutical and biotechnological advances in the twentieth century. Kinch relates stories of the individuals and organizations that built the modern infrastructure that supports the development of innovative new medicines. He shows that an accelerating cycle of acquisition and downsizing is cannibalizing that infrastructure Kinch demonstrates the dismantling of the pharmaceutical and biotechnological research and development enterprises could also provide opportunities to innovate new models that sustain and expand the introduction of newer and better breakthrough medicines in the years to come.
Ariel Glucklich
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195314052
- eISBN:
- 9780199871766
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195314052.003.0009
- Subject:
- Religion, Hinduism
This chapter sets aside the work of the intellectual and cultural elites. It identifies the cultural productivity of the lower classes of Hindu society, including women, low castes, magicians and ...
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This chapter sets aside the work of the intellectual and cultural elites. It identifies the cultural productivity of the lower classes of Hindu society, including women, low castes, magicians and sorcerers, medical practitioners, and others. Much of this material comes from texts like the Atharvaveda, Rig Vidhana, medical literature, and Tantra. The underlying assumption, that religious values are embedded within practical affairs, is carefully examined.Less
This chapter sets aside the work of the intellectual and cultural elites. It identifies the cultural productivity of the lower classes of Hindu society, including women, low castes, magicians and sorcerers, medical practitioners, and others. Much of this material comes from texts like the Atharvaveda, Rig Vidhana, medical literature, and Tantra. The underlying assumption, that religious values are embedded within practical affairs, is carefully examined.
Paul U. Unschuld
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520257658
- eISBN:
- 9780520944701
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520257658.003.0081
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Medical Anthropology
This chapter throws light on the interpretation of Western medicine by the Chinese. The Chinese, influenced by the Confucians' early intervention maxims, did not like the concept of the powers of ...
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This chapter throws light on the interpretation of Western medicine by the Chinese. The Chinese, influenced by the Confucians' early intervention maxims, did not like the concept of the powers of self-healing. It is unwelcome even today, more so because the practice of medicine is now subject to economic factors. The emphasis is on prevention, which usually means early detection and early treatment. Immunology, molecular biologists' newest playing field, cannot be forgotten. It has a qualified germ theory and is familiar to the Chinese. The culture of medicine takes certain processes out of value-neutral biology and judges them. It has been known by the Chinese for two millennia. It does so today, in modern medicine. Knowledge of reality has changed considerably. Yet the cultural interpretation has stayed the same.Less
This chapter throws light on the interpretation of Western medicine by the Chinese. The Chinese, influenced by the Confucians' early intervention maxims, did not like the concept of the powers of self-healing. It is unwelcome even today, more so because the practice of medicine is now subject to economic factors. The emphasis is on prevention, which usually means early detection and early treatment. Immunology, molecular biologists' newest playing field, cannot be forgotten. It has a qualified germ theory and is familiar to the Chinese. The culture of medicine takes certain processes out of value-neutral biology and judges them. It has been known by the Chinese for two millennia. It does so today, in modern medicine. Knowledge of reality has changed considerably. Yet the cultural interpretation has stayed the same.
Leanne M. Williams and Evian Gordon
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195393804
- eISBN:
- 9780199863495
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195393804.003.0003
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Disorders of the Nervous System
In the emerging new paradigm of “Personalized Medicine,” the goal is to shift the treatment for brain-related illness from trial and error into a bull’s-eye. To date, much of the research in ...
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In the emerging new paradigm of “Personalized Medicine,” the goal is to shift the treatment for brain-related illness from trial and error into a bull’s-eye. To date, much of the research in Personalized Medicine has focused on genetic “markers” employed as predictors of individual treatment response. The complexity of the brain requires a shift in focus from genetic marker(s) to an integrated approach, in which a wider scope of molecular plus brain-related functional, structural and cognitive information is used in a complementary manner. This chapter provides a brief summary of the current evidence for markers that predict brain-related treatment response in depression, schizophrenia and ADHD. The chapter focuses on the current status of Personalized Medicine, including the principles of an integrative approach to personalized medicine for the brain, and building a new taxonomy for incorporating the most clinically effective markers, is also outlined.Less
In the emerging new paradigm of “Personalized Medicine,” the goal is to shift the treatment for brain-related illness from trial and error into a bull’s-eye. To date, much of the research in Personalized Medicine has focused on genetic “markers” employed as predictors of individual treatment response. The complexity of the brain requires a shift in focus from genetic marker(s) to an integrated approach, in which a wider scope of molecular plus brain-related functional, structural and cognitive information is used in a complementary manner. This chapter provides a brief summary of the current evidence for markers that predict brain-related treatment response in depression, schizophrenia and ADHD. The chapter focuses on the current status of Personalized Medicine, including the principles of an integrative approach to personalized medicine for the brain, and building a new taxonomy for incorporating the most clinically effective markers, is also outlined.
Paul U. Unschuld
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520257658
- eISBN:
- 9780520944701
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520257658.003.0060
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Medical Anthropology
This chapter studies the observers from China who expressed that they could gain insight in the interior of the human without opening the body. They found the answer instead of in the body, in old ...
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This chapter studies the observers from China who expressed that they could gain insight in the interior of the human without opening the body. They found the answer instead of in the body, in old texts, where some things were written about the organs that they thought had to be interpreted correctly. The Chinese diagrams of the interior of the body were not that bad. They were based on models from the twelfth to fifteenth century. Everything could be seen in the diagrams such as the lungs at the top, the heart underneath, then the spleen. On the side there were the gall bladder, the liver and even deeper there were the small intestine, large intestine, kidneys, and so on. All the organs that were described in the texts of antiquity were visible in these diagrams. Intra-abdominal abscesses have nothing in common with “Traditional Chinese Medicine.” In the late twentieth century, “Traditional Chinese Medicine” was discussed in many Western countries.Less
This chapter studies the observers from China who expressed that they could gain insight in the interior of the human without opening the body. They found the answer instead of in the body, in old texts, where some things were written about the organs that they thought had to be interpreted correctly. The Chinese diagrams of the interior of the body were not that bad. They were based on models from the twelfth to fifteenth century. Everything could be seen in the diagrams such as the lungs at the top, the heart underneath, then the spleen. On the side there were the gall bladder, the liver and even deeper there were the small intestine, large intestine, kidneys, and so on. All the organs that were described in the texts of antiquity were visible in these diagrams. Intra-abdominal abscesses have nothing in common with “Traditional Chinese Medicine.” In the late twentieth century, “Traditional Chinese Medicine” was discussed in many Western countries.
Paul U. Unschuld
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520257658
- eISBN:
- 9780520944701
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520257658.003.0099
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Medical Anthropology
The world of today is at the forefront of development. The past has shown that there is first a model image and then a body image. Now, the two images fit together like mirror images. The new image ...
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The world of today is at the forefront of development. The past has shown that there is first a model image and then a body image. Now, the two images fit together like mirror images. The new image of the world and the new image of the body. The new body image comes with a new therapeutics: Evolutionary Medicine, which heals the wounds of age-old prejudice, inflicted because of racial, ethnic demarcations. The new body image and its medicine introduce a new mapping of mankind. Biological barriers have fallen. Cultural peculiarities are no longer a matter of deep concern. These building blocks of language, culture, religion, etc., are bearers of a future global culture, put on as a kind of roof timbering over the array of traditional regional cultures. If the vision lasts, then one can predict a long life for the societal acceptance and generous patronage of molecular biology.Less
The world of today is at the forefront of development. The past has shown that there is first a model image and then a body image. Now, the two images fit together like mirror images. The new image of the world and the new image of the body. The new body image comes with a new therapeutics: Evolutionary Medicine, which heals the wounds of age-old prejudice, inflicted because of racial, ethnic demarcations. The new body image and its medicine introduce a new mapping of mankind. Biological barriers have fallen. Cultural peculiarities are no longer a matter of deep concern. These building blocks of language, culture, religion, etc., are bearers of a future global culture, put on as a kind of roof timbering over the array of traditional regional cultures. If the vision lasts, then one can predict a long life for the societal acceptance and generous patronage of molecular biology.
Antonio M. Jr., MD Gotto and Jennifer Moon
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781501702136
- eISBN:
- 9781501703676
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501702136.001.0001
- Subject:
- Education, Higher Education
This book is a story of continuity and transformation. Cornell medical school has been a leader in education, patient care, and research—from its founding as Cornell University Medical College in ...
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This book is a story of continuity and transformation. Cornell medical school has been a leader in education, patient care, and research—from its founding as Cornell University Medical College in 1898, to its renaming as Weill Cornell Medical College in 1998, and now in its current incarnation as Weill Cornell Medicine. The book situates the history of Cornell's medical school in the context of the development of modern medicine and health care. It examines the triumphs, struggles, and controversies the medical college has undergone. It recounts events surrounding the medical school's beginnings as one of the first to accept female students, its pioneering efforts to provide health care to patients in the emerging middle class, wartime and the creation of overseas military hospitals, medical research ranging from the effects of alcohol during Prohibition to classified partnerships with the Central Intelligence Agency, and the impact of the Depression, 1960s counterculture, and the Vietnam War on the institution. The book describes how the medical school built itself back up after nearing the brink of financial ruin in the late 1970s, with philanthropic support and a renewal of its longstanding commitments to biomedical innovation and discovery. Central to this story is the closely intertwined, and at times tumultuous, relationship between Weill Cornell and its hospital affiliate, now known as New York-Presbyterian. Today the medical school's reach extends from its home base in Manhattan to a branch campus in Qatar and to partnerships with institutions in Houston, Tanzania, and Haiti. As the book relates, the medical college has never been better poised to improve health around the globe than it is now.Less
This book is a story of continuity and transformation. Cornell medical school has been a leader in education, patient care, and research—from its founding as Cornell University Medical College in 1898, to its renaming as Weill Cornell Medical College in 1998, and now in its current incarnation as Weill Cornell Medicine. The book situates the history of Cornell's medical school in the context of the development of modern medicine and health care. It examines the triumphs, struggles, and controversies the medical college has undergone. It recounts events surrounding the medical school's beginnings as one of the first to accept female students, its pioneering efforts to provide health care to patients in the emerging middle class, wartime and the creation of overseas military hospitals, medical research ranging from the effects of alcohol during Prohibition to classified partnerships with the Central Intelligence Agency, and the impact of the Depression, 1960s counterculture, and the Vietnam War on the institution. The book describes how the medical school built itself back up after nearing the brink of financial ruin in the late 1970s, with philanthropic support and a renewal of its longstanding commitments to biomedical innovation and discovery. Central to this story is the closely intertwined, and at times tumultuous, relationship between Weill Cornell and its hospital affiliate, now known as New York-Presbyterian. Today the medical school's reach extends from its home base in Manhattan to a branch campus in Qatar and to partnerships with institutions in Houston, Tanzania, and Haiti. As the book relates, the medical college has never been better poised to improve health around the globe than it is now.
Mark Harrison
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199577736
- eISBN:
- 9780191595196
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199577736.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
The final chapter of Part I examines the relationships between pathology, nervous physiology, and notions of race during the early nineteenth century. The chapter is divided between British India and ...
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The final chapter of Part I examines the relationships between pathology, nervous physiology, and notions of race during the early nineteenth century. The chapter is divided between British India and the West Indies, the latter section concentrating on the pathology and physiology of yellow fever. The chapter shows how pathological ideas were disseminated within the colonies and more widely through channels such as Edinburgh University. It also examines the emergence of clinico‐anatomical medicine in Paris from the 1790s and its affects on colonial medicine. It argues that Paris Medicine was grafted onto an already vibrant tradition of hospital medicine in the British colonies and that while colonial practitioners were enthusiastic promoters of French medicine, they did so partly to vindicate their own long‐established practices.Less
The final chapter of Part I examines the relationships between pathology, nervous physiology, and notions of race during the early nineteenth century. The chapter is divided between British India and the West Indies, the latter section concentrating on the pathology and physiology of yellow fever. The chapter shows how pathological ideas were disseminated within the colonies and more widely through channels such as Edinburgh University. It also examines the emergence of clinico‐anatomical medicine in Paris from the 1790s and its affects on colonial medicine. It argues that Paris Medicine was grafted onto an already vibrant tradition of hospital medicine in the British colonies and that while colonial practitioners were enthusiastic promoters of French medicine, they did so partly to vindicate their own long‐established practices.
Scott Curtis
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231134033
- eISBN:
- 9780231508636
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231134033.003.0003
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
Chapter Two examines the use of film as a medical research tool in Germany from the 1890s to 1914. It argues that the advocacy and use of film by medical researchers displayed their ideals and ...
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Chapter Two examines the use of film as a medical research tool in Germany from the 1890s to 1914. It argues that the advocacy and use of film by medical researchers displayed their ideals and practices of medical observation—especially with regard to their management of the passing of time—which also explains their vociferous condemnation of mass spectatorship of “the movies.”Less
Chapter Two examines the use of film as a medical research tool in Germany from the 1890s to 1914. It argues that the advocacy and use of film by medical researchers displayed their ideals and practices of medical observation—especially with regard to their management of the passing of time—which also explains their vociferous condemnation of mass spectatorship of “the movies.”
Anna Greenwood (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719089671
- eISBN:
- 9781526104366
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719089671.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
A collection of essays about the Colonial Medical Service of Africa in which a group of distinguished colonial historians illustrate the diversity and active collaborations to be found in the untidy ...
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A collection of essays about the Colonial Medical Service of Africa in which a group of distinguished colonial historians illustrate the diversity and active collaborations to be found in the untidy reality of government medical provision. The authors present important case studies in a series of essays covering former British colonial dependencies in Africa, including Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zanzibar. These studies reveal many new insights into the enactments of colonial policy and the ways in which colonial doctors negotiated the day-to-day reality during the height of Imperial rule in Africa. The book provides essential reading for scholars and students of colonial history, medical history and colonial administration.Less
A collection of essays about the Colonial Medical Service of Africa in which a group of distinguished colonial historians illustrate the diversity and active collaborations to be found in the untidy reality of government medical provision. The authors present important case studies in a series of essays covering former British colonial dependencies in Africa, including Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zanzibar. These studies reveal many new insights into the enactments of colonial policy and the ways in which colonial doctors negotiated the day-to-day reality during the height of Imperial rule in Africa. The book provides essential reading for scholars and students of colonial history, medical history and colonial administration.
Harry Hillen, Albert Scherpbier, and Wynand Wijnen
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199583447
- eISBN:
- 9780191594519
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199583447.003.0002
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
The Faculty of Medicine was founded in 1974, as the first faculty of the new University of Maastricht. From the outset, problem-based learning (PBL) has been the trademark of the university and the ...
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The Faculty of Medicine was founded in 1974, as the first faculty of the new University of Maastricht. From the outset, problem-based learning (PBL) has been the trademark of the university and the Faculty of Medicine. Other faculties were established later (from 1977 onwards) and followed suit by adopting PBL as their primary method of learning. This chapter concentrates on the history of PBL within the (former) Faculty of Medicine, which today has merged with the Faculty of Health Sciences into the Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences.Less
The Faculty of Medicine was founded in 1974, as the first faculty of the new University of Maastricht. From the outset, problem-based learning (PBL) has been the trademark of the university and the Faculty of Medicine. Other faculties were established later (from 1977 onwards) and followed suit by adopting PBL as their primary method of learning. This chapter concentrates on the history of PBL within the (former) Faculty of Medicine, which today has merged with the Faculty of Health Sciences into the Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences.
Trevor J. Blank and Andrea Kitta (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781496804259
- eISBN:
- 9781496804297
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496804259.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Mythology and Folklore
Diagnosing Folklore aspires to provide an inclusive forum for an expansive conversation on the sensitive, raw, and powerful processes that shape and imbue meaning in the lives of individuals and ...
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Diagnosing Folklore aspires to provide an inclusive forum for an expansive conversation on the sensitive, raw, and powerful processes that shape and imbue meaning in the lives of individuals and communities beleaguered by stigmatization, conflicting public perceptions, and contextual constraints. This volume aims to showcase current ideas and debates, as well as promote the larger study of disability, health, and trauma within folkloristics, and helping bridge the gaps between the folklore discipline and disability studies.Less
Diagnosing Folklore aspires to provide an inclusive forum for an expansive conversation on the sensitive, raw, and powerful processes that shape and imbue meaning in the lives of individuals and communities beleaguered by stigmatization, conflicting public perceptions, and contextual constraints. This volume aims to showcase current ideas and debates, as well as promote the larger study of disability, health, and trauma within folkloristics, and helping bridge the gaps between the folklore discipline and disability studies.
Angela Ki Che Leung and Izumi Nakayama (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9789888390908
- eISBN:
- 9789888455096
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888390908.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This volume explores gender and health in the East Asian region during the long twentieth century. The nine chapters represent cases studies from China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, with ...
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This volume explores gender and health in the East Asian region during the long twentieth century. The nine chapters represent cases studies from China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, with complex interactions of biology, body, gender, and modernity from the 1870s to the present. The book is organized into three sections. The first series of chapters highlight processes that standardize gendered bodies in theories of physical development and reproductive technologies in modern and postcolonial East Asia in face of changing political and demographic needs and realities. The second section focuses on women producing and consuming health knowledge, facilitated by growing consumer and media cultures, where the marketing of health and medical products and knowledge not only competed with the state over the formation of gender and body norms and roles, but allowed for selective production and consumption by women themselves. The final section of three chapters examine how labor requirements, military cultures, and demographic policies shaped and were shaped by competing visions of masculinity, influenced by changing medical authorities and legitimacy of colonial powers and postcolonial nation-states. By illuminating these flows of knowledge, influences, and reactions, this volume highlights the prominent role that biopolitics of health and gender has played in knitting and shaping the East Asian region as we know it today.Less
This volume explores gender and health in the East Asian region during the long twentieth century. The nine chapters represent cases studies from China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, with complex interactions of biology, body, gender, and modernity from the 1870s to the present. The book is organized into three sections. The first series of chapters highlight processes that standardize gendered bodies in theories of physical development and reproductive technologies in modern and postcolonial East Asia in face of changing political and demographic needs and realities. The second section focuses on women producing and consuming health knowledge, facilitated by growing consumer and media cultures, where the marketing of health and medical products and knowledge not only competed with the state over the formation of gender and body norms and roles, but allowed for selective production and consumption by women themselves. The final section of three chapters examine how labor requirements, military cultures, and demographic policies shaped and were shaped by competing visions of masculinity, influenced by changing medical authorities and legitimacy of colonial powers and postcolonial nation-states. By illuminating these flows of knowledge, influences, and reactions, this volume highlights the prominent role that biopolitics of health and gender has played in knitting and shaping the East Asian region as we know it today.
Elad Yom-Tov
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262034500
- eISBN:
- 9780262334808
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262034500.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This book shows how data people leave on the Internet is being employed to answer questions of health and medicine. When we use search engines such as Google or Bing, post messages on social ...
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This book shows how data people leave on the Internet is being employed to answer questions of health and medicine. When we use search engines such as Google or Bing, post messages on social networks, read email or browse the web, we generate a digital trail that is reflective of our activities both online and offline. In the last few years, these digital trails have been used to advance medical research in a variety of ways, including the discovery new side effects of medical drugs, demonstration of the links between eating disorders and the portrayal of celebrities in the media, and the monitoring infectious diseases. More generally, the questions Internet data can answer are difficult and even impossible to answer using traditional tools of medical research, because these data provide unprecedented access to the daily activities of very large populations with fewer biases than those of traditional research tools. Much of the recent discussions on the use of Internet data have been focused on the dangers to personal privacy as a result of the collection of these data. This books shows that this information can serve as a benefit to mankind, without sacrificing the privacy of individuals. As evidence, the book discusses studies that utilized Internet data to advance medical research in a variety of areas, ranging from personal questions to those of public health.Less
This book shows how data people leave on the Internet is being employed to answer questions of health and medicine. When we use search engines such as Google or Bing, post messages on social networks, read email or browse the web, we generate a digital trail that is reflective of our activities both online and offline. In the last few years, these digital trails have been used to advance medical research in a variety of ways, including the discovery new side effects of medical drugs, demonstration of the links between eating disorders and the portrayal of celebrities in the media, and the monitoring infectious diseases. More generally, the questions Internet data can answer are difficult and even impossible to answer using traditional tools of medical research, because these data provide unprecedented access to the daily activities of very large populations with fewer biases than those of traditional research tools. Much of the recent discussions on the use of Internet data have been focused on the dangers to personal privacy as a result of the collection of these data. This books shows that this information can serve as a benefit to mankind, without sacrificing the privacy of individuals. As evidence, the book discusses studies that utilized Internet data to advance medical research in a variety of areas, ranging from personal questions to those of public health.
Stephen T. Casper
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780719091926
- eISBN:
- 9781781706992
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719091926.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Since the 1990s, the English-speaking world has seen the rise of a neuroculture derived from neurology and neuroscience. The Neurologists is a book that asks how did we arrive at this moment? What is ...
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Since the 1990s, the English-speaking world has seen the rise of a neuroculture derived from neurology and neuroscience. The Neurologists is a book that asks how did we arrive at this moment? What is it about neurology and neuroscience that makes neuroculture seem self-evident? To tell this story The Neurologists charts a chronological course from the time of the French Revolution to after the ‘Decade of the Brain’ that outlines the rise of medical and scientific neurology and the emergence of neuroculture. With its focus chiefly on Great Britain, arguably the place where it all began, The Neurologists describes how Victorian physicians located in a medical culture that privileged general knowledge over narrow specialism came to be transformed into the specialized physicians now called neurologists. The Neurologists therefore recasts the received history of neurology and the history of professions and specialties. It provides new insights into the social, cultural, and institutional practices of British medical and scientific culture in the nineteenth and twentieth century. Delving into how and why physicians and scientists were interested in nerves, the nervous system, the brain, and the psyche, The Neurologists explores how Renaissance-styled men and women of medicine and science made neurology the medical field seemingly most concerned by the ‘philosophical status of man.’Less
Since the 1990s, the English-speaking world has seen the rise of a neuroculture derived from neurology and neuroscience. The Neurologists is a book that asks how did we arrive at this moment? What is it about neurology and neuroscience that makes neuroculture seem self-evident? To tell this story The Neurologists charts a chronological course from the time of the French Revolution to after the ‘Decade of the Brain’ that outlines the rise of medical and scientific neurology and the emergence of neuroculture. With its focus chiefly on Great Britain, arguably the place where it all began, The Neurologists describes how Victorian physicians located in a medical culture that privileged general knowledge over narrow specialism came to be transformed into the specialized physicians now called neurologists. The Neurologists therefore recasts the received history of neurology and the history of professions and specialties. It provides new insights into the social, cultural, and institutional practices of British medical and scientific culture in the nineteenth and twentieth century. Delving into how and why physicians and scientists were interested in nerves, the nervous system, the brain, and the psyche, The Neurologists explores how Renaissance-styled men and women of medicine and science made neurology the medical field seemingly most concerned by the ‘philosophical status of man.’
Nicole M. Piemonte
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780262037396
- eISBN:
- 9780262344968
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262037396.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
While many commentators have pointed to the lack of compassion and empathy in medicine, their critiques, for the most part, have not considered seriously the deeper philosophical, psychological, and ...
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While many commentators have pointed to the lack of compassion and empathy in medicine, their critiques, for the most part, have not considered seriously the deeper philosophical, psychological, and ontological reasons why clinicians and medical students might choose to conceive of medicine as an endeavor concerned solely with the biological workings of the body. Thus, this book examines why it is that existential suffering tends to be overlooked in medical practice and education, as well as the ways in which contemporary medical epistemology and pedagogy not only perpetuate but are indeed shaped by the human tendency to flee from the reality of death and vulnerability. It also explores how students and doctors perceive medicine, including what it means to be a doctor and what responsibilities doctors have toward addressing existential suffering. Contending that the being of the physician is constituted by the other who calls out to her in his suffering, this book argues that the doctor is, in fact, called to attend to suffering that extends beyond the biological. It also discusses how future physicians might be “brought back to themselves” and oriented toward a deeper sense of care through a pedagogy that encourages intentional reflection and values the cultivation of the self, openness to vulnerability, and a fuller conception of what it means to be a healer.Less
While many commentators have pointed to the lack of compassion and empathy in medicine, their critiques, for the most part, have not considered seriously the deeper philosophical, psychological, and ontological reasons why clinicians and medical students might choose to conceive of medicine as an endeavor concerned solely with the biological workings of the body. Thus, this book examines why it is that existential suffering tends to be overlooked in medical practice and education, as well as the ways in which contemporary medical epistemology and pedagogy not only perpetuate but are indeed shaped by the human tendency to flee from the reality of death and vulnerability. It also explores how students and doctors perceive medicine, including what it means to be a doctor and what responsibilities doctors have toward addressing existential suffering. Contending that the being of the physician is constituted by the other who calls out to her in his suffering, this book argues that the doctor is, in fact, called to attend to suffering that extends beyond the biological. It also discusses how future physicians might be “brought back to themselves” and oriented toward a deeper sense of care through a pedagogy that encourages intentional reflection and values the cultivation of the self, openness to vulnerability, and a fuller conception of what it means to be a healer.
Laura Kelly
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780719088353
- eISBN:
- 9781781704622
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719088353.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This book is the first comprehensive history of Irish women in medicine in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It focuses on the debates surrounding women's admission to Irish medical ...
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This book is the first comprehensive history of Irish women in medicine in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It focuses on the debates surrounding women's admission to Irish medical schools, the geographical and social backgrounds of early women medical students, their educational experiences and subsequent careers. It is the first collective biography of the 760 women who studied medicine at Irish institutions in the period and, in contrast to previous histories, puts forward the idea that women medical students and doctors were treated fairly and often favourably by the Irish medical hierarchy. It highlights the distinctiveness of Irish medical education in contrast with that in Britain and is also unique in terms of the combination of rich sources it draws upon, such as official university records from Irish universities, medical journals, Irish newspapers, Irish student magazines, the memoirs of Irish women doctors, and oral history accounts. This book reconsiders the history of women in medicine, higher education and the professions in Ireland. It will appeal not only to medical historians, social historians and women's historians in Ireland, the UK and abroad but also to members of the general public.Less
This book is the first comprehensive history of Irish women in medicine in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It focuses on the debates surrounding women's admission to Irish medical schools, the geographical and social backgrounds of early women medical students, their educational experiences and subsequent careers. It is the first collective biography of the 760 women who studied medicine at Irish institutions in the period and, in contrast to previous histories, puts forward the idea that women medical students and doctors were treated fairly and often favourably by the Irish medical hierarchy. It highlights the distinctiveness of Irish medical education in contrast with that in Britain and is also unique in terms of the combination of rich sources it draws upon, such as official university records from Irish universities, medical journals, Irish newspapers, Irish student magazines, the memoirs of Irish women doctors, and oral history accounts. This book reconsiders the history of women in medicine, higher education and the professions in Ireland. It will appeal not only to medical historians, social historians and women's historians in Ireland, the UK and abroad but also to members of the general public.
Tim Allender
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719085796
- eISBN:
- 9781526104298
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719085796.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
This chapter examines how missionary education feminised medical learning outcomes in India. Male medical colleges in each major Indian province were citadels that were cleverly infiltrated by female ...
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This chapter examines how missionary education feminised medical learning outcomes in India. Male medical colleges in each major Indian province were citadels that were cleverly infiltrated by female medical activists. The activism of these European females was still driven by a largely unremitting Western feminine discipline that enshrined a strong belief in the sanitation procedures of the West, which offered remedies for an ‘unclean’ Indian East. This approach was especially apparent when large numbers of Indian nurses and dais (midwives) entered into some form of Western training, even though this training also broke down some of the race barriers still strongly in place concerning female teaching. Feminist doctors in India contested the operation by males of large funding bodies like the Lady Dufferin Fund. Yet they were to keep their struggle against colonial men within the bounds of their colonial European communities, rather than attempting to instil a similar brand of feminism in their Indian female counterparts.Less
This chapter examines how missionary education feminised medical learning outcomes in India. Male medical colleges in each major Indian province were citadels that were cleverly infiltrated by female medical activists. The activism of these European females was still driven by a largely unremitting Western feminine discipline that enshrined a strong belief in the sanitation procedures of the West, which offered remedies for an ‘unclean’ Indian East. This approach was especially apparent when large numbers of Indian nurses and dais (midwives) entered into some form of Western training, even though this training also broke down some of the race barriers still strongly in place concerning female teaching. Feminist doctors in India contested the operation by males of large funding bodies like the Lady Dufferin Fund. Yet they were to keep their struggle against colonial men within the bounds of their colonial European communities, rather than attempting to instil a similar brand of feminism in their Indian female counterparts.
R. J. Hankinson
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199246564
- eISBN:
- 9780191597572
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199246564.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Ancient Philosophy
In this book, R. J. Hankinson traces the history of investigation into the nature of cause and explanation, from the beginnings of Ancient Greek philosophy in 600 bc, through the Graeco‐Roman world, ...
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In this book, R. J. Hankinson traces the history of investigation into the nature of cause and explanation, from the beginnings of Ancient Greek philosophy in 600 bc, through the Graeco‐Roman world, to the end of pagan antiquity in c.500 ad The book consists of chapter‐length studies of the Presocratics, Plato, Aristotle (two chapters), Atomism, Stoicism, Scepticism, and Neoplatonism, as well as the Sophistic movement, and Ancient Medicine. Hankinson is principally concerned with the following questions: ‘What did the Greeks understand by a cause?’, and ‘How did the Greeks conceive adequacy in explanation?’. The Ancient Greeks (excepting the Sceptics) are united in their belief that the world and at least some of its process can be rendered intelligible, and that this can be rendered by an inquiry into the nature of things, with reasoned argument as the appropriate method of exhibiting the real structure of the world. Thus, the Greek thinkers set the standards for science, because they are guided by logic and observation in their analysis of causation; but one can also recognize the growth of interest among the Greeks in the nature of explanation itself. The question that becomes central to the development of Greek philosophical science is whether nature can be understood in terms of teleology, or solely in terms of mechanical laws. Hankinson is interested in how the concepts of cause and explanation function in a properly scientific context; but he extends his investigation of these concepts to questions of freedom and responsibility, and fate and astrology, and also the treatment of disease. Hankinson points out that causes and explanations are connected ideas: an explanation is the proffering of reasons, and this involves an account of causes; they are, nevertheless, different concepts—causes are actual items, events, agents, facts, states of affairs, whereas explanations are propositional. Hankinson isolates certain causal principles that recur throughout Greek philosophy: for instance, the principle of sufficient reason, the principle of causal synonymy, and the principle that nothing can come to be from nothing.Less
In this book, R. J. Hankinson traces the history of investigation into the nature of cause and explanation, from the beginnings of Ancient Greek philosophy in 600 bc, through the Graeco‐Roman world, to the end of pagan antiquity in c.500 ad The book consists of chapter‐length studies of the Presocratics, Plato, Aristotle (two chapters), Atomism, Stoicism, Scepticism, and Neoplatonism, as well as the Sophistic movement, and Ancient Medicine. Hankinson is principally concerned with the following questions: ‘What did the Greeks understand by a cause?’, and ‘How did the Greeks conceive adequacy in explanation?’. The Ancient Greeks (excepting the Sceptics) are united in their belief that the world and at least some of its process can be rendered intelligible, and that this can be rendered by an inquiry into the nature of things, with reasoned argument as the appropriate method of exhibiting the real structure of the world. Thus, the Greek thinkers set the standards for science, because they are guided by logic and observation in their analysis of causation; but one can also recognize the growth of interest among the Greeks in the nature of explanation itself. The question that becomes central to the development of Greek philosophical science is whether nature can be understood in terms of teleology, or solely in terms of mechanical laws. Hankinson is interested in how the concepts of cause and explanation function in a properly scientific context; but he extends his investigation of these concepts to questions of freedom and responsibility, and fate and astrology, and also the treatment of disease. Hankinson points out that causes and explanations are connected ideas: an explanation is the proffering of reasons, and this involves an account of causes; they are, nevertheless, different concepts—causes are actual items, events, agents, facts, states of affairs, whereas explanations are propositional. Hankinson isolates certain causal principles that recur throughout Greek philosophy: for instance, the principle of sufficient reason, the principle of causal synonymy, and the principle that nothing can come to be from nothing.
